EP0621440A1 - Elément transparent pour modifie les rayons lumineux issus d'une source lumineux - Google Patents

Elément transparent pour modifie les rayons lumineux issus d'une source lumineux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0621440A1
EP0621440A1 EP93117832A EP93117832A EP0621440A1 EP 0621440 A1 EP0621440 A1 EP 0621440A1 EP 93117832 A EP93117832 A EP 93117832A EP 93117832 A EP93117832 A EP 93117832A EP 0621440 A1 EP0621440 A1 EP 0621440A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
optical axis
light rays
light
lateral surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93117832A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Weingärtner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D Swarovski KG
Original Assignee
D Swarovski KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4313366A external-priority patent/DE4313366A1/de
Application filed by D Swarovski KG filed Critical D Swarovski KG
Publication of EP0621440A1 publication Critical patent/EP0621440A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an element made of transparent material for varying the light rays from an illuminating means.
  • Illuminating means are used to a great extent for illuminating useful architectural areas and business areas. Their design and construction are aimed essentially at obtaining high light efficiencies at a low expenditure of energy. The disadvantages of most illuminating means hitherto used are that great quantities of light cannot be utilized due to light scatter and that this light scatter furthermore has an undesirable and unfavorable dazzling effect. Reflectors of illuminating means frequently have a shield behavior that does not meet German industrial standard recommendations (DIN 5035), and corrections of the shield behavior impair the reflector's light distribution curve.
  • DI 5035 German industrial standard recommendations
  • the present invention is based on the problem of providing an element for optimally correcting the shield behavior of illuminating means or reflectors, taking account of not only lighting aspects but also esthetic aspects.
  • the invention is based on the idea of providing the shield by a transparent body whose geometry is such that this is achieved by refraction and inner reflection.
  • the object of the present invention is an element made of transparent material for varying the light rays from an illuminating means, whereby light rays hitting the element at an angle of more than 45° from the optical axis of the element are deflected at least partly so as to be emitted by the element at an angle of less than 45°.
  • the predominant portion of light rays are deflected so as to be emitted by the element at an angle of less than 45°.
  • a portion of the light scatter can thus be used to illuminate the ceiling, which is advantageous under certain room conditions.
  • the outer geometrical shape of the element is widely variable. For optical-physical reasons, however, a hemispherical, ellipsoid, truncated-cone or torus shape is preferred.
  • the element has a hemispherical, ellipsoid or truncated-cone shape it advantageously has a recess on the base facing the impinging light rays.
  • This recess is preferably formed by a spherical surface or is itself conic for optical-physical reasons.
  • the element is particularly preferred to form the element as a truncated cone with a conic depression provided in its base.
  • an apex is formed on the cut surface of the truncated cone parallel to the base.
  • the lateral surface of the apex is disposed at an angle to the lateral surface of the truncated cone and the truncated cone and apex are of integral design.
  • the transparent element preferably has a certain geometry.
  • Angle ⁇ between the surface of the recess and the optical axis is preferably selected to be between 50 and 80°. It is particularly suitable for angle ⁇ to be between 60 and 70°, in particular 65°. In the case of the spherical recess this requirement means that angle ⁇ is to be maintained between the tapering tangent on the spherical surface and the optical axis.
  • Angle ⁇ between the lateral surface of the element and the optical axis is preferably between 2° and 20°. It is particularly preferred for angle ⁇ to be between 8° and 13°, in particular 10.5°.
  • angle ⁇ between the lateral surface of the apex and the optical axis is preferably between 60 and 90°. It is particularly preferred for angle ⁇ to be between 70° and 80°, in particular 75°.
  • the element has a torus shape its dimensions are widely variable. However it is preferable for the torus to have three surface areas inclined at certain angles from one another. It is suitable for angle of inclination ⁇ between the side facing the incident light and a vertically extending adjacent surface to be between 10 and 15°, preferably between 12 and 14°, and in particular 13.6°. Angle of inclination ⁇ between vertical surface and underside of the torus is suitably between 9 and 14°, preferably between 10 and 15°, and in particular 12°.
  • the functionality of the element takes account of the following general reflection properties.
  • the optical-geometrical shape of the inventive transparent element permits it to capture all light emerging downward from the reflector, including the light scatter due to the illuminant construction.
  • the individual surfaces of the transparent element in particular the lateral surface of the truncated cone or the lateral surface of the apex, if any, or the surface of the torus, can be faceted.
  • a preferred material is glass.
  • the faceting of the element achieves in particular a decorative effect since a certain light scatter fraction is decomposed spectrally by the facets.
  • Element 1 is of integral design and is preferably made of cut and polished crystal glass. However pressed glass or another transparent refractive material, such as certain plastics, can also be used.
  • the faceting of transparent element 1 is desirable particularly for esthetic reasons but also has an influence on the shield effect of the element.
  • conic recess 3 is formed so that angle ⁇ between surface 6 of conic recess 3 and optical axis 7 shown by the dash-dot line is 65°.
  • the inclination of the truncated cone is selected so that angle ⁇ between lateral surface 8 of the truncated cone and optical axis 7 is 10.5°.
  • Angle ⁇ between lateral surface 9 of apex 5 and optical axis 7 is 75°.
  • the position of surface 6 was fixed with consideration of the reflector's radiation and the lamp's direct radiation in such a way that the reflector's radiation is refracted to vertical optical axis 7 while the lamp's direct radiation is refracted toward lateral surface 8 of the truncated cone so that the emerging rays are deflected very sharply to the vertical optical axis or totally reflected in part thereon, thereby permitting the first step of de-glaring the reflector.
  • lateral surface 8 of the truncated cone was fixed at 10.5° with consideration of surface 6 of conic recess 3.
  • lateral surface 8 must simultaneously take account of the so-called Fresnel reflection, i.e. the light fraction reflected on the boundary surface between optically denser medium and optically thinner medium, although no total reflection exists, so that no rays can emerge in the shield area on the opposite surface.
  • This is achieved by coordinating the inclination of surface 8 with lateral surface 9 of apex 5, if any, and, if there is no apex, with cut surface 4 of the truncated cone so that all Fresnel reflection of lateral surface 8 hits surface 9 or 4. There it is totally reflected and leaves the shield body toward the ceiling so that this fraction of glare is also eliminated and put to good use for lighting up the ceiling.
  • Lateral surface 9 of apex 5 is related to surface 6 of conic depression 3 in that the rays of the reflector's light cone slightly refracted there to the vertical optical axis are refracted again approximately into their original position when emerging from the shield body. Virtually the same light distribution as originally caused by the reflector thus arises on the collecting plane, i.e. the useful plane.
  • the inventive element can be a pressed glass body but its surface should be polished, e.g. acid-polished, to ensure optical functionality.
  • the element is preferably made of cut and polished crystal glass.
  • the lateral surface of the truncated cone a faceted design.
  • the faceting should be provided in an odd number, e.g. elevenfold, so that the unavoidable light scatter reflection and light scatter refraction are radially offset.
  • the odd number of facets means that when one looks into the shield element via one of the facets on lateral surface 8 of the truncated cone no facet is visible on the opposite side whose light scatter reflection could be reflected into the shield area, but rather two facets offset at an angle whose light scatter reflection is deflected. This is apparent from Fig. 2.
  • Conic surface 6 of conic recess 3 and lateral surface 9 of apex 5 can be unfaceted. But faceting is advantageous for heightening the decorative effect.
  • Fig. 2 shows the inventive element according to Fig. 1 in a top view.
  • Lateral surface 8 of element 1 is faceted, as is lateral surface 9 of formed apex 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically three paths of rays through inventive element 1 according to Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Element 1 is placed here before illuminant 10 in reflector 11.
  • Light ray A incident substantially parallel to optical axis 7 of the element (the reflector ray) is deflected on surface 6 of conic recess 3 and on lateral surface 9 of apex 5 and leaves the element at an angle of less than 45° to optical axis 7 as ray A' .
  • Obliquely incident light ray B which is incident at an oblique angle of more than 45° from optical axis 7, is refracted on surface 6 of conic recess 3 toward the vertical, passes through element 1 and is refracted again on lateral surface 8. Element 1 thus emits this lamp ray B as ray B' at an angle of less than 45°.
  • Lamp ray C which is incident at an even more oblique angle (about 60°), is refracted on surface 6 of recess 3, hits lateral surface 8 of the truncated cone, is reflected there away from the vertical in the interior of the element, hits lateral surface 9 of apex 5, is again reflected away from the vertical in the interior, again hits lateral surface 8 where it leaves element 1 at an angle of less than 90° from optical axis 7 toward the ceiling.
  • This light ray from the lamp which otherwise forms a light scatter fraction, is thus used partly to illuminate the element itself and to light up the ceiling (as ray C' ).
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of inventive element 1 in the form of a torus.
  • the torus made of transparent material preferably bears facets 13 both on the outer side and on the inner side.
  • the central light cone passes through element 1 without hindrance.
  • the light scatter which is incident at an angle of more than 45°, is deflected at an angle of less than 45° and/or reflected upward.
  • Light rays ( D , E , F ) from spiral-wound filament 10 or reflector 11 are deflected or refracted by the same laws as described in Fig. 3.
  • Light rays radiating from above at an angle of less than 45° pass without hindrance through bore 12 in the torus as a so-called reflector light cone (ray D , D' ).
  • An inventively used torus has three surfaces (8.1, 9.1 and 10') inclined at certain angles from one another. Its overall height is preferably 16.5 mm, the diameter of bore 12 preferably 60 mm. The diameter of the total element is then preferably 127 mm. Obviously these dimensions are freely variable depending on the application.
  • Angle of inclination ⁇ between surface 8.1 and surface 9.1 is suitably between 10 and 15°, preferably 13.6°.
  • Angle of inclination ⁇ between surfaces 9.1 and 10' is suitably between 9 and 14°, preferably 12°.
  • inventive elements are particularly intended for cold-light reflector lamps and are preferably dimensioned so that all ray distributions (from narrow- to wide-angle) can be captured optimally by the element.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
EP93117832A 1993-04-23 1993-11-03 Elément transparent pour modifie les rayons lumineux issus d'une source lumineux Withdrawn EP0621440A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4313366A DE4313366A1 (de) 1992-10-28 1993-04-23 Transparentes Element zur Variation der Lichtstrahlen einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung
DE4313366 1993-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0621440A1 true EP0621440A1 (fr) 1994-10-26

Family

ID=6486234

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93117832A Withdrawn EP0621440A1 (fr) 1993-04-23 1993-11-03 Elément transparent pour modifie les rayons lumineux issus d'une source lumineux

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0621440A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2799269A1 (fr) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-06 Valeo Vision Procede pour la modification de repartition de lumiere d'eclairage, et projecteur et element dioptrique mettant en oeuvre ce procede
WO2008089757A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Dki Plast A/S Système optique pour éclairage

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR817059A (fr) * 1936-04-27 1937-08-25 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnement aux systèmes optiques pour signaux lumineux
DE1034116B (de) * 1957-02-23 1958-07-17 Hensoldt & Soehne M Beleuchtungseinrichtung, insbesondere Operationsleuchte
US3711704A (en) * 1971-11-19 1973-01-16 Rem Research Marker light and lens
EP0380663A1 (fr) * 1988-03-30 1990-08-08 Nauchno-Proizvodstevennoe Obiedinenie Po Avtoelektronike I Avtotraktornomu Elektrooborudovaniju Collimateur
US4969074A (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-11-06 Intermatic Inc. Tier light including deflecting and refracting prisms
US5173810A (en) * 1991-08-21 1992-12-22 Aisens Co., Ltd. Light transmitting lens for use with a photoelectric sensor

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR817059A (fr) * 1936-04-27 1937-08-25 Forges Ateliers Const Electr Perfectionnement aux systèmes optiques pour signaux lumineux
DE1034116B (de) * 1957-02-23 1958-07-17 Hensoldt & Soehne M Beleuchtungseinrichtung, insbesondere Operationsleuchte
US3711704A (en) * 1971-11-19 1973-01-16 Rem Research Marker light and lens
EP0380663A1 (fr) * 1988-03-30 1990-08-08 Nauchno-Proizvodstevennoe Obiedinenie Po Avtoelektronike I Avtotraktornomu Elektrooborudovaniju Collimateur
US4969074A (en) * 1989-01-30 1990-11-06 Intermatic Inc. Tier light including deflecting and refracting prisms
US5173810A (en) * 1991-08-21 1992-12-22 Aisens Co., Ltd. Light transmitting lens for use with a photoelectric sensor

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2799269A1 (fr) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-06 Valeo Vision Procede pour la modification de repartition de lumiere d'eclairage, et projecteur et element dioptrique mettant en oeuvre ce procede
WO2008089757A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Dki Plast A/S Système optique pour éclairage

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