EP0613493A1 - Compositions d'huile et d'huile combustible. - Google Patents

Compositions d'huile et d'huile combustible.

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Publication number
EP0613493A1
EP0613493A1 EP92921009A EP92921009A EP0613493A1 EP 0613493 A1 EP0613493 A1 EP 0613493A1 EP 92921009 A EP92921009 A EP 92921009A EP 92921009 A EP92921009 A EP 92921009A EP 0613493 A1 EP0613493 A1 EP 0613493A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
composition
alkyl
polymer
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92921009A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0613493B1 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Lewtas
Jacqueline Dawn Bland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0613493A1 publication Critical patent/EP0613493A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0613493B1 publication Critical patent/EP0613493B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to additive compositions and their use in improving the properties of oil and fuel oil compositions.
  • wax separates out from oils and fuel oils at low temperatures thereby impairing certain properties. It is also known to use additives to improve those properties, for example to improve cold flow properties and to inhibit settling of the wax under gravity on standing. Additives for the former are sometimes called Cold Flow Improvers and additives for the latter are sometimes called Wax Anti-settling Additives.
  • EP-A-0 225688 describes the use of itaconate and citraconate polymers and copolymers for improving the cold flow properties of an oil (crude or lubricating) and fuel oils such as residual fuel, middle distillate fuels and jet fuel or as a dewaxing aid in lubricating oil, which polymers and copolymers can be tailored to suit the particular oil or fuel oil concerned. It describes polymers and copolymers haying number average molecular weights as measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography of from 1 ,000 to 500,000 and exemplifies polymers and copolymers of molecular weights of 20,000 and higher.
  • the present invention can overcome this regression by using certain comb polymers in combination as will be described hereinafter and illustrated in the examples herein.
  • the invention provides an additive composition comprising, in combination,
  • x is an integer and y is 0 or an integer and wherein, in the polymer, the sum of x and y is at least two, the ratio of units (II) to units (I) is between 0 and 2, and the ratio of units (II) to (III) is between 0 and 2 and wherein:
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, each representing a C 10 to
  • R 3 represents H, -OOCR 6 , C 1 to C 30 alkyl, -COOR 6 , -OR 6 an aryl or alkaryl group or halogen,
  • R 4 represents H or methyl
  • R 5 represents H, C 1 to C 30 alkyl, or -COOR 6 .
  • R 6 represents C 1 to C 22 alkyl, optionally, each of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 being inertly substituted, and
  • component (ii) is a polymer of the general formula:
  • R 7 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 10 or more carbon atoms
  • R 8 is a C 1 or higher hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one of J and L is an aryl group.
  • R 7 has from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and R 8 has from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the invention provides the use as a flow improver in a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil or as a dewaxing acid in a lubricating oil of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • the invention provides a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil composition comprising a major proportion by weight of a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil and a minor proportion by weight of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • the invention provides an additive concentrate comprising an admixture of an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention dispersed in a liquid medium compatible with a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil.
  • the invention provides a process for improving the flow properties of a crude oil, lubricating oil or fuel oil or for aiding dewaxing of a lubricating oil which comprises incorporating into the oil an additive composition of the first aspect of this invention.
  • Polymer (i) may be a homopolymer of a dialkyl itaconate or citraconate or a copolymer of a dialkyl itaconate or citraconate with an aliphatic olefin, a vinyl ether, a vinyl ester of an alkano ⁇ c acid, an alkyl ester of an unsaturated acid, an aromatic olefin, a vinyl halide or a dialkyl fumarate or maleate; or polymer (i) may be a copolymer of dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate with an aliphatic olefin , a vinyl ester or an alkyl substituted vinyl ester of a C 2 to C 31 alkanoic acid.
  • R 1 and R 2 are each preferably straight chain although they can be branched. If branched, the branch is preferably a single methyl in the 1 or 2 position.
  • R 1 and R 2 are decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl and eicosyl.
  • Each of R 1 and R 2 may be a single C 10 to C 30 alkyl group or a mixture of alkyl groups.
  • Polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each mixtures of C 12 to C 20 alkyl groups are particularly useful as flow improvers in middle distillate fuel oils.
  • Polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each C 16 to C 22 are particularly useful in heavy fuel oils and crude oils, and polymers where R 1 and R 2 are each C 10 to C 18 are particularly useful in lubricating oils.
  • Such particularly useful polymers may be homopolymers or copolymers.
  • dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate when a comonomer, has the formula: where R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are as defined above.
  • Such a comonomer can be a mixture.
  • R 3 and R 5 represent hydrogen or C 1 to C 30 alkyl groups, preferably n-alkyl groups, that are the same or different.
  • R 3 , R 4 and R 5 when each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is hydrogen, the olefin is ethylene, and, when R 3 is methyl, and R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, the olefin is n-propylene.
  • R 3 is an alkyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 are preferably hydrogen.
  • Suitable olefins are butene-1 , butene-2, isobutylene, pentene-1 , hexene-1 , tetradecene-1 , hexadecene-1 and octadecene-1 and mixtures thereof.
  • comonomers are vinyl esters or alkyl substituted vinyl esters of C 2 to C 31 alkanoic acids: in vinyl esters when R 3 is R 6 COO-, R 4 is H and R 5 is H, and in alkyl substituted vinyl esters when R 3 is R 6 COO- and R 4 is methyl and/or R 5 is C 1 to C 30 alkyl.
  • Un-substituted vinyl esters are preferred, examples being vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl decanoate, vinyl hexadecanoate and vinyl stearate.
  • Another class of comonomers are the alkyl esters of unsaturated acids, i.e. when R 3 is a R 6 OOC- and R 5 is H or C 1 to C 30 alkyl.
  • R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen, the comonomers are alkyl esters of acrylic acid.
  • R 4 is methyl, the comonomers are esters of methacrylic acid or C 1 to C 30 alkyl substituted methacrylic acid.
  • alkyl esters of acrylic acid are methyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-decyl acrylate, n-hexadecyl acrylate, n-octadecyl acrylate, and 2-methyl hexadecyl acrylate.
  • alkyl esters of methacrylic acid are propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-tetradecyl methacrylate, n-hexadecyl methacrylate and n-octadecyl methacrylate.
  • R 5 is alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-hexyl, n-decyl, n-tetradecyl and n-hexadecyl.
  • R 3 and R 5 are R 6 OOC-, i.e. when they are C 1 to C 22 dialkyl fumarates or maleates and the alkyl groups may be n-alkyl or branched alkyl, e.g. n-octyl, n-decyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • comonomer examples include those where R 3 is an aryl group.
  • R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen and R 3 is phenyl the comonomer is styrene and when one of R 4 and R 5 is methyl and comonomer is a methyl styrene, e.g. a-methyl styrene.
  • R 3 is aryl is vinyl naphthalene.
  • R 3 is alkaryl are, for example, substituted styrenes such as vinyl toluene, or 4-methyl styrene.
  • R 3 is halogen, e.g. chlorine, such as vinyl chloride (i.e. R 4 and R 5 hydrogen).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 can be inertly substituted; examples are by one or more halogen atoms such as chlorine or fluorine.
  • the comonomer may be vinyl trichloroacetate.
  • the inert substituent may be an alkyl group, e.g. methyl.
  • the polymer When the ratio of units (II) to units (I) and of units (II) to (III) is 0 the polymer is an itaconate or citraconate homopolymer and when the ratio is 2 the polymer is a copolymer.
  • the ratio is preferably between 0.5 and 1.5.
  • the copolymer consists of units (I) and (II) only, or of units (II) and (III) only, but other units are not excluded.
  • the weight percentage of units (I) and (II) or of units (II) and (III) in the copolymer is desirably at least 60%, preferably at least 70%.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer of component (i), whether a homopolymer or copolymer, may be between 1,000 and 500,000, preferably 1,000 and 20,000, more preferably between 1,000 and 10,000, even more preferably between 2,200 and 5,000, the molecular weights being measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standards and being number average molecular weights.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the homopolymers and copolymers are generally prepared by polymerising the monomers alone or in solution in a hydrocarbon solvent such as heptane, benzene, cyclohexane, or white oil, at a temperature generally in the range of from 20°C to 150°C and usually promoted by a peroxide or azo type catalyst such as benzoyl peroxide or azodiisobutyronitrile under a blanket of an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide in order to exclude oxygen.
  • the polymer may be prepared under pressure in an autoclave or by refluxing.
  • the polymerisation reaction mixture may contain up to 2 moles of comonomer (e.g. vinyl acetate) per mole of dialkyl itaconate or dialkyl citraconate. In the practice of the invention, more than one components (i) may be used.
  • the ratio of component (i) to component (ii) may, for example, be in the range of 10:1 to 1 :10 (weight:weight).
  • Comb polymers are intermediate in structure between linear and branched polymers and have long aliphatic side chains from a polymer backbone such as a polymethylene backbone which may or may not be interrupted. They are described in, for example, "Comb-like Polymers, Structure and Properties" by N.A. Plate and V.P. Shibaev, J. Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews Vol. 8, pps. 117-253 (1974) - John Wiley and Son.
  • Hydrocarbyl means a group containing hydrogen and carbon such as an aliphatic group and which may be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms such as O, N, S insufficient to alter the hydrocarbyl nature of the group.
  • the polymer is of the general formula
  • component (ii) is preferably a copolymer of the monomers (a) and (b) where (a) is an ester, being a mono- or di-alkyl fumarate, maleate, itaconate, citraconate, mesaconate, trans- or cis-glutaconate, in which the alkyl group has 8 to 23 carbon atoms, and (b) is an aromatic substituted olefin having 8 to 40 carbon atoms per
  • (a) is preferably a dialkyl ester, e.g. fumarate, but mono-alkyl esters, e.g.
  • the alkyl group is preferably straight chain although, if desired, branched chain alkyl groups can be used. Examples of suitable alkyl groups are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl, behenyl or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the alkyl group contains 10 to 18 carbon atoms, such as 10 to 14 carbon atoms. Where the ester is a dialkyl ester such as a dialkyl fumarate the two alkyl groups can be different.
  • the aromatic substituent is preferably a phenyl substituent, particularly preferred monomers being styrene, and ⁇ - and ⁇ -alkyl styrenes such as ⁇ -methyl styrene and ⁇ -methyl styrene, which may be substituted on the benzene ring, e.g. with one or more alkyl groups or halogen atoms.
  • alkyl substituents may, for example, have 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • the molar proportions of (b) to (a) may, for example, be between 1 :1.5 and 1.5:1, preferably between 1:1.2 and 1.2:1 , e.g. about 1:1.
  • the number average molecular weight of the copolymer of (a) and (b) may be between 2,000 and 100,000, preferably between 5,000 and 50,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) relative to polystyrene standard.
  • component (ii) are styrene-maleate copolymers or styrene-fumarate copolymers, it being preferred to use them in this invention in combination with polyitaconates of number average molecular weight between 1,000 and 20,000 as component (i).
  • the additive composition of the invention may be used in combination with one or more other Cold Flow Improvers as co-additives such as those known in the art.
  • Examples are comb polymers other than those constituting component (i) or component (ii); polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers, amide/esters and mixtures thereof; ethylene unsaturated ester copolymers; polar compounds, either ionic or non-ionic (such as described in EP-A-0 225 688); sulphur carboxy compounds and hydrocarbon polymers.
  • J H, R 1 , Aryl or Heterocyclic group, or R 1 CO.OR
  • K H, CO.OR 1 , OCO.R 1 , OR 1 or CO 2 H
  • L H, R 1 , CO.OR 1 , OCO.R 1 , Aryl or CO 2 H
  • R1 ⁇ C 1 Another monomer may be terpolymerized if necessary.
  • Suitable comb polymers are fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, particularly those described in European Patent Applications 0153176 and 0153177; esterified olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers; polymers and
  • copolymers of alpha olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers ; polymers and copolymers of alpha olefins; esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride; and polymers of alkyl esters of itaconic acid or citraconic acid such as those where the alkyl groups have from 16 to 18 carbon atoms and the polymer has a number average molecular weight of from 1 ,000 to 20,000.
  • Examples are polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers and mixtures thereof, particularly those containing at least one, preferably at least two C 10 to C 30 linear saturated alkyl groups and a polyoxyalkylene glycol group of molecular weight up to 5,000 preferably 200 to 5,000, the alkyl group in said
  • esters, ethers or ester/ethers which may be used may be
  • R-O(A)-O-R 2 where R and R 2 are the same or different and may be
  • n being, for example, 1 to 30, the alkyl group being linear and saturated and containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms
  • A represents the polyalkylene segment of the glycol in which the alkylene group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as
  • A may also contain nitrogen.
  • Suitable glycols generally are substantially linear polyethylene glycols (PEG) and polypropylene glycols (PPG) having a molecular weight of about 100 to 5,000, preferably about 200 to 2,000.
  • Esters are preferred and fatty acids containing from 10-30 carbon atoms are useful for reacting with the glycols to form the ester additives, it being preferred to use a C 18 -C 24 fatty acid, especially behenic acid.
  • the esters may also be prepared by esterifying polyethoxylated fatty acids or polyethoxylated alcohols.
  • Polyoxyalkylene diesters, diethers, ether/esters and mixtures thereof are suitable as additives, diesters being preferred for use in narrow boiling distillates when minor amounts of monoethers and monoesters (which are often formed in the manufacturing process) may also be present. It is important for additive performance that a major amount of the dialkyl compound is present.
  • stearic or behenic diesters of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polyethylene/polypropylene glycol mixtures are preferred.
  • Examples are one or more oil-soluble copolymers of ethylene and an
  • R 6 is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 5 is a -OOCR 8 group
  • R 8 is a hydrogen formate or a C 1 to C 28 , more usually C 1 to C 17 , and preferably a C 1 to C 8 , straight or branched chain alkyl group; or R 5 is a -COOR 8 group wherein R 8 is as previously described but is not hydrogen
  • R 7 is hydrogen or -COOR 8 as previously defined
  • the monomer when R 6 and R 7 are hydrogen and R 5 is -OOCR 8 , includes vinyl alcohol esters of C 1 to C 29 , more usually C 1 to C 5 , mono-carboxylic acid, and preferably C 2 to C 29 , more usually C 1 to C 5 mono-carboxylic acid, and preferably C 2 to C 5 mono-carboxylic acid.
  • vinyl esters which may be copolymerised with ethylene include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate or isobutyrate, vinyl acetate being preferred. It is preferred that these copolymers have a number average molecular weight as measured by vapour phase osometry of 1 ,000 to 10,000, preferably 1,000 to 5,000.
  • the copolymer may be derived from additional comonomers, e.g. it may be a terpolymer or tetrapolymer or higher, for example where the additional comonomer is an iso-olefin such as di-isobutylene.
  • Examples comprise one or more of the compounds (a) to (c) below.
  • Ester/amides may be used containing 30 to 300, preferably 50 to 150 total carbon atoms. These nitrogen compounds are described in US Patent
  • Suitable amines are usually long chain C 12 -C 40 primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amines or mixtures thereof but shorter chain amines may be used provided the resulting nitrogen compound is oil soluble and therefore normally contains about 30 to 300 total carbon atoms.
  • the nitrogen compound preferably contains at least one straight chain C 8 to C 40 , preferably Cuto C 24 alkyl segment.
  • Suitable amines include primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary, but preferably are secondary. Tertiary and quaternary amines can only form amine salts. Examples of amines include tetradecyl amine, cocoamine, and hydrogenated tallow amine. Examples of secondary amines include d ⁇ octacedyl amine and methyl-behenyl. Amine mixtures are also suitable such as those derived from natural materials.
  • a preferred amine is a secondary hydrogenated tallow amine of the formula HNR 1 R 2 where in R 1 and R 2 are alkyl groups derived from hydrogenated tallow fat composed of approximately 4% C 14 , 31% C 16 , 59% C 18 .
  • Examples of suitable carboxylic acids and their anhydrides for preparing the nitrogen compounds include cyclohexane, 1 ,2 dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene 1 ,2 dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane 1 ,2 dicarboxylic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid. Generally, these acids have about 5-13 carbon atoms in the cyclic moiety.
  • Preferred acids useful in the present invention are benzene dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. Phthalic acid or its anhydride is particularly preferred.
  • the particularly preferred compound is the amideamine salt formed by reacting 1 molar portion of phthalic anhydride with 2 molar portions of dihydrogenated tallow amine. Another preferred compound is the diamide formed by dehydrating this amide-amine salt.
  • A is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group that is optionally interrupted by one or more hetero atoms and that is straight chain or branched
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing 9 to 40 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by one or more hetero atoms, the substituents being the same or different and the compound optionally being in the form of a salt thereof;
  • A has from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is preferably a
  • Hydrocarbyl in this specification means an organic moiety composed of hydrogen and carbon which, unless the context states otherwise, may be atiphatic, including alicyclic; aromatic; or any combination thereof. It may be substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl and may optionally contain unsaturation. Examples where it is substituted are oxy-, halogeno- and hydroxy-hydrocarbyl.
  • the cyclic ring system may include homocyclic, heterocyclic, or fused polycyclic assemblies, or a system where two or more such cyclic assemblies are joined to one another and in which the cyclic assemblies may be the same or different. Where there are two or more such cyclic assemblies, the substituents of the general formula (I) may be on the same or different assemblies, preferably on the same assembly.
  • the or each cyclic assembly is aromatic, more preferably a benzene ring.
  • the cyclic ring system is a single benzene ring when it is preferred that the substituents are in the ortho or meta positions, which benzene ring may be optionally further substituted.
  • the ring atoms in the cyclic assembly or assemblies are preferably carbon atoms but may for example include one or more ring N, S or O atom, in which case or cases the compound is a heterocyclic compound.
  • polycyclic assemblies examples include • condensed benzene structures such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene; • condensed ring structures where none of or not all of the rings are benzene such as azulene, indene, hydroindene, fluorene, and diphenylene; • rings joined "end-on” such as diphenyl; • heterocyclic compounds such as quinoline, indole, 2:3
  • dihydroindole benzofuran, coumarin, isocoumarin, benzothiophen, carbazole and thiodiphenylamine
  • non-aromatic or partially saturated ring systems such as decalin (i.e. decahydronaphthalene), a-pinene, cardinene, and bomylene
  • three-dimensional structures such as norbornene, bicycloheptane (i.e. norbornane), bicyclooctane, and bicyclooctene.
  • Each hydrocarbyl group constituting R 1 and R 2 in the invention may for example be an alkyl or alkylene group or a mono- or polyalkoxyalkyl group.
  • each hydrocarbyl group is a straight chain alkyl group.
  • the number of carbon atoms in each hydrocarbyl group is preferably 16 to 40, more preferably 16 to 24.
  • the cyclic system is substituted with two only substituents of the general formula (I) and that A is a methylene group.
  • salts of the chemical compounds are the acetate and the hydrochloride.
  • the compounds may conveniently be made by reducing the
  • W 0.0 to 1.0 (mole ratio) where R 1 is alkyl.
  • These polymers may be made directly from ethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by hydrogenating the polymer made from monomers such as isoprene, butadiene etc.
  • a particularly preferred hydrocarbon polymer is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene having an ethylene content preferably between 20 and 60% (w/w) and is commonly made via homogeneous catalysts.
  • hydrocarbon polymers examples include WO-A-9111488.
  • -X-R 1 is -Y-R 2 or-CONR 3 R 1 ,
  • -Z (-) is SO 3 (-) or-CO 2 (-) ;
  • R 1 and R 2 are alkyl, alkoxy alkyl or polyalkoxy alkyl containing at least 10 carbon atoms in the main chain;
  • R 3 is hydrocarbyl and each R 3 may be the same or different and R 4 is nothing or is C 1 to C 5 alkylene and in
  • the carbon-carbon (C-C) bond is either a) ethylenically unsaturated when A and B may be alkyl, alkenyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups or b) part of a cyclic structure which may be aromatic, polynuclear aromatic or cyclo-aliphatic, it is preferred that X-R 1 and Y-R 2 between them contain at least three alkyl, alkoxyalkyl or polyalkoxyalkyl groups.
  • Multicomponent additive systems may be used and the ratios of additives to be used will depend on the oil to be treated.
  • the oil may be a crude oil, i.e. an oil as obtained from drilling and before refining, when the inventive composition may be used as a flow improver or dewaxing aid.
  • the oil may be a lubricating oil which may be an animal, vegetable or mineral oil, for example petroleum oil fractions ranging from naphthas or spindle oil to lubricating oil grades, castor oil, fish oils or oxidised mineral oil.
  • the additive composition of the invention may be used as a flow improver, pour point depressant or dewaxing aid in lubricating oils.
  • additives may be present in a final lubricating oil, examples being viscosity index improvers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, succinic acid based dispersants, metal containing dispersant additives and zinc dialkyl-dithiophosphate antiwear additives.
  • fuel oils are middle distillate fuel oils, i.e. fuels obtained in refining crude oil as the fraction between the lighter kerosene and jet fuels fraction and the heavy fuel oil fraction. Examples are diesel fuel, aviation fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, jet fuel and heating oil etc.
  • suitable distillate fuels are those boiling in the range of 120 to 500°C (ASTM D1160), preferably those boiling in the range 150 to 400°C, for example those having a relatively high Final Boiling Point (FBP) of above 360°C.
  • the fuel oil may be an animal, vegetable or mineral oil.
  • the fuel oil may also contain other additives such as stabilisers, dispersants, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and/or demulsifiers.
  • Heating oils may be made of a blend of virgin distillate, e.g. gas oil, naphtha, etc and cracked distillates, e.g. catalytic cycle stock.
  • a representative specification for a diesel fuel includes a minimum flash point of 38°C and a 90% distillation point between 282 and 338°C (see ASTM Designations D-396 and D-975).
  • the total amount of additive composition provided in the fuel in this invention is preferably 0.0001 to 5.0 wt%, for example 0.001 to 0.5 wt% (active matter), based on the weight of fuel.
  • the additive composition may form from 20 to 90, e.g. 30 to 80 wt% thereof.
  • liquid carriers for use in a concentrate are solvents such as kerosene, aromatic naphthas and mineral lubricating oils.
  • M n means number average molecular weight as measured by GPC relative to polystyrene standards.
  • ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers a copolymer of 2500 containing 36.5 wt% vinyl acetate and containing 3-4 methyl groups per 100 methylene groups, and a copolymer of 5000 containing 13.5 wt% vinyl acetate and containing 6 methyl groups per 100 methylene groups, the ratio of the two copolymers being 93:7 (weight:weight); for tests on the remaining fuels (see below), A was an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer of 3000 containing 29.0 wt% vinyl acetate and containing 4 methyl groups per 100 methylene groups.
  • D a homopolymer of an ester of itaconic acid whose linear alkyl groups have 16 carbon atoms made by polymerising the monomer using a free radical catalyst, the homopolymer having an of 3,500.
  • G-K a group of styrene/fumarate copolymers whose alkyl groups have the following number of carbon atoms and a number average molecular weight of 15,000 to 30,000,
  • test fuels used were Fuels I to VI whose characteristics are listed in Diagram 1 below, all temperatures being in °C.
  • Diagram 1 The test fuels used were Fuels I to VI whose characteristics are listed in Diagram 1 below, all temperatures being in °C.
  • a 40 mi sample of the oil to be tested is cooled in a bath which is maintained at about -34°C to give non-linear cooling at about 1 °C/min.
  • the cooled oil tested for its ability to flow through a fine screen in a prescribed time period using a test device which is a pipette to whose lower end is attached an inverted funnel which is positioned below the surface of the oil to be tested. Stretched across the mouth of the funnel is a 350 mesh screen having an area defined by a 12 millimetre diameter.
  • the periodic tests are each initiated by applying a vacuum to the upper end of the pipette whereby oil is drawn through the screen up into the pipette to a mark indicating 20 ml of oil. After each successful passage, the oil is returned immediately to the CFPP tube. The test is repeated with each one degree drop in temperature until the oil fails to fill the pipette within 60 seconds, the temperature at which failure occurs being reported as the CFPP temperature.
  • WAX ANTI-SETTLING TEST The extent of the settled layer (WAS) was visually measured as a percentage of the total fuel volume by leaving the treated fuel in a measuring flask. Extensive wax settling would be indicated by a low number whilst an unsettled fluid fuel would be indicated by 100%. Poor samples of gelled fuel with large wax crystals almost always exhibit high values; such results are therefore recorded as "gel” where they occur.
  • the wax crystal average particle size was measured by analysing an Optical Micrograph of a fuel sample and measuring the longest axis of up to 50 crystals over a predetermined grid.
  • 3 is 300-500 microns
  • ABD 100 100 80 100 75 100 92.5

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

Les propriétés des huiles et des huiles combustibles sont améliorées par l'addition de combinaisons comprenant un polymère contenant les unités à répétition suivantes (I, II) ou (III, II) en combinaison avec un polymère en forme de peigne ayant des groupes aryle.
EP92921009A 1991-10-22 1992-10-08 Compositions d'huile et d'huile combustible Expired - Lifetime EP0613493B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919122351A GB9122351D0 (en) 1991-10-22 1991-10-22 Oil and fuel oil compositions
GB9122351 1991-10-22
PCT/EP1992/002329 WO1993008243A1 (fr) 1991-10-22 1992-10-08 Compositions d'huile et d'huile combustible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0613493A1 true EP0613493A1 (fr) 1994-09-07
EP0613493B1 EP0613493B1 (fr) 1996-12-18

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Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0613493B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07500620A (fr)
KR (1) KR100245939B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1038254C (fr)
AT (1) ATE146517T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2687592A (fr)
CA (1) CA2121785A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69216113T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB9122351D0 (fr)
IN (1) IN186681B (fr)
MX (1) MX9205992A (fr)
RU (1) RU2101326C1 (fr)
SG (1) SG49777A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1993008243A1 (fr)

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GB9301752D0 (en) * 1993-01-29 1993-03-17 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil and fuel oil compositions
DE4422159A1 (de) * 1994-06-24 1996-01-04 Hoechst Ag Umsetzungsprodukte von Polyetheraminen mit Polymeren alpha,beta-ungesättigter Dicarbonsäuren
GB9505103D0 (en) 1995-03-14 1995-05-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc "Fuel oil additives and compositions"
GB9725582D0 (en) 1997-12-03 1998-02-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil additives and compositions
DE50103554D1 (de) 2000-06-15 2004-10-14 Clariant Internat Ltd Muttenz Additive zur verbesserung von kaltfliesseigenschaften und lagerstabilität von rohölen
JP4900997B2 (ja) * 2000-09-21 2012-03-21 東邦化学工業株式会社 新規脱ロウ助剤
EP1302526A1 (fr) * 2001-10-15 2003-04-16 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'Additifs
AU2003210270A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2003-09-16 Rohmax Additives Gmbh Copolymers as dewaxing additives
EP2380952A1 (fr) * 2006-10-24 2011-10-26 Total Raffinage Marketing Fluide lubrifiant multifonctionnel
US20100005706A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Innospec Fuel Specialties, LLC Fuel composition with enhanced low temperature properties
CN107168577B (zh) 2017-05-12 2020-06-12 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 电致发光器件、触控显示面板和触控显示设备

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GB8522185D0 (en) * 1985-09-06 1985-10-09 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil & fuel compositions
GB8705839D0 (en) * 1987-03-12 1987-04-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel compositions
GB8720606D0 (en) * 1987-09-02 1987-10-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Flow improvers & cloud point depressants
GB8820295D0 (en) * 1988-08-26 1988-09-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Chemical compositions & use as fuel additives
CA2008938C (fr) * 1989-02-28 1998-12-22 Albert Rossi Polymere de carboxylate en c14 et ameliorateur d'indice de viscosite contenant des compositions oleagineuses
GB9007970D0 (en) * 1990-04-09 1990-06-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Fuel oil compositions
CN1032221C (zh) * 1990-04-19 1996-07-03 埃克森化学专利公司 馏分燃料添加剂及含该添加剂的馏分燃料

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1071685A (zh) 1993-05-05
ATE146517T1 (de) 1997-01-15
KR100245939B1 (ko) 2000-03-02
CN1038254C (zh) 1998-05-06
CA2121785A1 (fr) 1993-04-29
WO1993008243A1 (fr) 1993-04-29
SG49777A1 (en) 1998-06-15
AU2687592A (en) 1993-05-21
DE69216113D1 (de) 1997-01-30
EP0613493B1 (fr) 1996-12-18
RU2101326C1 (ru) 1998-01-10
JPH07500620A (ja) 1995-01-19
IN186681B (fr) 2001-10-20
GB9122351D0 (en) 1991-12-04
DE69216113T2 (de) 1997-04-10
MX9205992A (es) 1993-04-01

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