EP0613448A1 - Carbonising of materials - Google Patents
Carbonising of materialsInfo
- Publication number
- EP0613448A1 EP0613448A1 EP92922732A EP92922732A EP0613448A1 EP 0613448 A1 EP0613448 A1 EP 0613448A1 EP 92922732 A EP92922732 A EP 92922732A EP 92922732 A EP92922732 A EP 92922732A EP 0613448 A1 EP0613448 A1 EP 0613448A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- carbonising
- disposed
- inlet
- activation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for use in the carbonising of materials including a retort which can be used for the production of high grade activated carbons.
- Activated carbon has the property of adsorbing large quantities of gases and finds application in gas masks, solvent adsorption, clarifying of liquids, gold recovery processes, food treatment, water treatment and the like.
- Apparatus currently in use for the manufacture of Activated Carbons include: multiple heart furnace rotary kilns and fluidized bed furnace. Each of these processes suffer certain disadvantages which include heat distribution, not uniformity of activation and expense of construction.
- apparatus for use in the carbonising of material comprising: a retort having a carbonising zone therein; a delivery inlet for delivering material to be carbonised to said carbonising zone; a discharge outlet for discharging material from said carbonising zone; an activation zone for receiving material from said carbonising zone via said discharge outlet, said zones being arranged so that when, in use, material can pass therethrough on a continuous basis; and means for heating said carbonising zone and said activation zone.
- the retort is disposed in a generally- upright orientation so as to define an upper region and an lower region.
- the delivery inlet is disposed within the lower region and the discharge outlet is disposed within the upper region, the material within the carbonising zone passing upwardly between the inlet and the outlet when the apparatus is in use.
- the apparatus may further include delivery means for delivering material to the inlet.
- the delivery means may comprise a tube which may be generally uprightly disposed and extends into the carbonising zone with one end thereof defining the inlet, the aforementioned one end being disposed in the lower region of the retort.
- the apparatus may further include stirring means for mixing material within the carbonising zone.
- the stirring means comprise a spiral or screw shaped member which assists in the passage of material from the lower region towards the upper region of the retort.
- the screw or spiral shapes member may comprise a hollow central shaft having a passage therethrough so that the passage defines the aforementioned delivery means.
- the spiral or screw shaped member may comprise two spaced apart sections with the intermediate space therebetween forming a settling region within the carbonising.
- the activation zone may comprise a generally annular chamber which surrounds the carbonising zone and is arranged so that material enters the activation zone towards an upper region thereof and passes downwardly therealong.
- the activation zone may comprise a plurality of conduits which are disposed around the outer wall of the carbonising zone and arranged so that material enters those conduits and an upper region and passes downwardly therealong.
- the heating means may comprise a combustion chamber and the carbonising zone and activation zone are arranged to be disposed within that combustion chamber.
- the apparatus may further include means for delivering steam to the activation zone.
- the means for delivering steam comprises a plurality of feed points arranged so that the steam is delivered at spaced intervals along the length of the activation zone.
- the apparatus may further include auxilliary steam delivery means for delivering steam to the carbonising zone.
- the auxilliary steam delivery means may comprise a series of inlets disposed in the lower or base wall of the retort, these inlets preferably being circumferentially spaced from one another.
- a retort for use in the production of carbonaceous material, the retort comprising: a retort body having a chamber therein defining a carbonising zone; an inlet conduit having an inlet at one end thereof with the inlet being disposed at one of the chamber; an outlet disposed in the region of the other end of the chamber; and an auxilliary chamber defining an activation zone which is in operative communication with the outlet for receiving material from the chamber.
- Figure 1 depicts in schematic cross-section a retort of the present invention
- Figure 2 depicts in schematic cross-section a second embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of apparatus according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a diagrammatic representation of the apparatus which includes a feed device 50 for delivering carbonaceous feed material to a retort 10 via feed line 12.
- the feed device 50 may take any suitable form.
- the retort 10 is disposed in a generally upright orientation and comprises a central cylindrical section 11, the internal chamber of which forms a carbonising zone in which the carbonaceous feed material is carbonised. Examples of retorts are shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 and the central section thereof may be similar in design to that described in Australian Patent Specification No. 50613/90.
- the retort includes a mechanical stirrer 13 which comprises a screw shaped element mounted to a hollow shaft 14.
- This hollow shaft 14 forms part of the feed line and has a delivery inlet 40 at its lower end.
- the stirrer comprises a spiral element comprising two spaced apart sections 13a, 13b r spaced between the sections providing a dwell region for the material as it passes through the carbonising zone.
- the stirrer 13 may be mounted for rotation and driven by motor 51.
- the feed material is introduced through the hollow stirrer shaft 14 to the lower region 15 of the central carbonising zone and is then subject to the homogenising action of the stirrer 13. After carbonisation as occurred the material passes to an activation zone 17 via outlets 16 disposed within an upper region of the chamber.
- the activation zone 17 comprises an annular chamber which surrounds the inner chamber.
- the activation zone comprises one or more downcomers or tubes 30 which extend downwardly from the upper region of the carbonising zone.
- the retort 10 is disposed within a combustion chamber 26, heated by combustion gases from a heating mechanism 55.
- the heating mechanism may take any suitable form.
- Steam is supplied to the activation zone 17 via a series of steam delivery lines 63 having delivery inlets 63a, 63b, 63c, 63d at spaced points along the length of the activation zone.
- the spacing of the steam inlets ensures distribution of the steam and complete treatment of the material within the zone.
- An auxilliary steam line 64 is provided for feeding steam to the carbonising zone preferably the steam entering the carbonising zone at the lower end thereof.
- the steam may be arranged to enter" the zone through a plurality of inlets in the base of the zone which arranged in spaced circumferential fashion.
- the apparatus may include a demineralised water reservoir 60 from which water is transferred to heat exchanger 61 for producing the steam, the heat exchanger 61 being conveniently disposed within the combustion chamber 26.
- a pump and motor 80 are arranged to pump the water and the water can be returned after cooling via line 81.
- An exhaust gas collection unit 58 may be arranged to redirect the exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber if desired.
- the apparatus further includes cooling water lines 70 which cools the material as it leaves the activation zone and is transferred to collection device 75.
- Nitrogen feed lines 71 may also be provided to deliver nitrogen to the discharge lines for a final treatment of the product. The nitrogen acts as a final purge to prevent combustion when the end product is removed.
- the char produced in the carbonising zone 11 passes down the activation zone in plug flow and is subjected to steam, i.e. steam activation under controlled conditions whereby carbon is burnt off (from within the internal pore structure of the particles) with steam to provide the high quality activated carbon.
- steam i.e. steam activation under controlled conditions whereby carbon is burnt off (from within the internal pore structure of the particles) with steam to provide the high quality activated carbon.
- the feed material In passing firstly through the central carbonising zone and then the activation zone 17 before leaving the retort, the feed material is subjected to both the carbonising and activation actions in the one pass through the retort, thereby providing a continuous production of high grade activated carbon from the raw carbonaceous feed material.
- the temperature in the carbonising retort may be maintained preferably within the range of 650° - 750°C by the injection of combustion gases in conjunction with the transfer of heat through the annular zone.
- steam is introduced to the carbonising zone. This may be done for example through the hollow stirrer shaft.
- steam is introduced through the base of the central section through a series of circumferentially spaced apart inlets. Steam is introduced at this stage in controlled quantities to minimise the deposition of carbon derived from the volatile matter evolved from the carbonaceous feedstock within the pore structure of the char formed in the central section. This process facilitates the secondary activation which takes place in the annular section or downcomer of the retort.
- the temperature in the annular section or downcomer is maintained in the range 850"C - 900°C by heat transfer from a combustion chamber, and the temperature and activation is controlled by the admission of steam at lower temperature 21 to the annular section or downcomer at various points. Leaving the base 22 of the annular section or lower section 31 of the downcomer, the activated carbon 23 passes from the retort and is subjected to cooling and treatment by nitrogen.
- the primary energy source for heating the combustion chamber is a combustion gas 19 such as natural gas or LPG.
- the retort may be arranged so that the off-gases 25 produced during the process can be utilised as a further energy source for the process including the production of the steam required for activation.
- the various stages of the process must be accurately controlled.
- the residence time of the char within the activation zone can be controlled by controlling the feed and take off rates of the material through the apparatus.
- the feed must be exposed to the required conditions of temperature and atmosphere for the necessary time.
- the retort design enables control of all these conditions in a manner which avoids any appreciable degradation of the feed material.
- the char is thus presented to the activation section in the condition best suited to the optimum development (during activation) of the requisite final properties.
- the conditions to which the material is exposed during its passage through the annular activation section may be especially critical.
- the retort design enables precise control of temperature, time of exposure, atmosphere, and exposure to steam, so that the properties of the end product of activated carbon may be finely regulated.
- the retort design is suitable for the processing of a wide range of carbonaceous feed materials. Examples of feed stocks include coal, coconut shells, fruit pips and the shells from various nuts. Control of the process actions within the retort are such that the quality of the product may be regulated to meet specific commercial requirements.
- the invention therefore, provides the flexibility to meet a wide range of requirements for activated carbons produced from any of many different types of carbonaceous feed stock.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Appareil utilisé pour la production d'un matériau carbonisé, comprenant: une chambre de carbonisation contenant une zone de carbonisation; un orifice d'alimentation servant à alimenter la zone de carbonisation en matériau à carboniser; un orifice d'évacuation servant à évacuer le matériau de la zone de carbonisation; une zone d'activation destinée à recevoir le matériau de ladite zone de carbonisation à travers ledit orifice d'évacuation, les zones étant disposées de telle manière que, lorsque l'appareil est en cours d'utilisation, le matériau peut passer de zone en zone de façon continue; et des dispositifs permettant de chauffer ladite zone de carbonisation et ladite zone d'activation.An apparatus used for the production of a char material, comprising: a char chamber containing a char area; a supply port for supplying the carbonization zone with material to be carbonized; an evacuation opening for evacuating the material from the carbonization zone; an activation zone intended to receive the material from said charring zone through said discharge orifice, the zones being arranged in such a way that, when the appliance is in use, the material can pass from zone to zone continuously; and devices for heating said carbonization zone and said activation zone.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU9227/91 | 1991-10-31 | ||
AUPK922791 | 1991-10-31 | ||
AUPL031592 | 1992-01-08 | ||
AU315/92 | 1992-01-08 | ||
PCT/AU1992/000589 WO1993009061A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1992-10-30 | Carbonising of materials |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0613448A1 true EP0613448A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
EP0613448A4 EP0613448A4 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
Family
ID=25644136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92922732A Withdrawn EP0613448A4 (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1992-10-30 | Carbonising of materials. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0613448A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH07500808A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2888592A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2122238A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993009061A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5976484A (en) * | 1997-09-23 | 1999-11-02 | Teng; Chien-Lang | Intermittent continuous method for recovering refined activated carbon from waste tires and the like and the device therefor |
JP2008050193A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-06 | Haruo Matsumoto | Method for manufacturing high purity carbon, textile including obtained high purity carbon and body fixture using it |
JP5603477B1 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2014-10-08 | 株式会社アイエムティ | Continuous carbonization equipment |
US11414322B1 (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-16 | Aries Clean Technologies Llc | Methods and systems for producing an enhanced surface area biochar product |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR764591A (en) * | 1932-10-28 | 1934-05-24 | Continuous furnace for carbonization and distillation | |
FR784139A (en) * | 1933-10-25 | 1935-07-22 | Method and device for the production of activated carbon and valuable by-products | |
US2342862A (en) * | 1940-05-29 | 1944-02-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Activated coke |
FR877881A (en) * | 1941-08-07 | 1943-01-05 | Procedes Ind Et Charbons Actif | Process for collecting the pure gases formed during the production of activated carbon |
US2536783A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Apparatus for producing activated carbon |
US2536106A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Apparatus for producing activated carbon |
US2536105A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Two-stage continuous carbonization-activation process |
US2536782A (en) * | 1948-03-04 | 1951-01-02 | Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp | Two-stage continuous carbonization activation process |
US2648637A (en) * | 1948-08-06 | 1953-08-11 | Rodman Chemical Company | Method of producing activated carbon |
AU5061390A (en) * | 1989-03-02 | 1990-09-06 | Culeron B.V. | Char retort |
-
1992
- 1992-10-30 EP EP92922732A patent/EP0613448A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-10-30 CA CA002122238A patent/CA2122238A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-30 WO PCT/AU1992/000589 patent/WO1993009061A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-30 AU AU28885/92A patent/AU2888592A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-30 JP JP5508040A patent/JPH07500808A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
No further relevant documents disclosed * |
See also references of WO9309061A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2122238A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
EP0613448A4 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
JPH07500808A (en) | 1995-01-26 |
WO1993009061A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
AU2888592A (en) | 1993-06-07 |
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Legal Events
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940429 |
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Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19960830 |