EP0612571A1 - Device for securing a tube in a thick plate - Google Patents
Device for securing a tube in a thick plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0612571A1 EP0612571A1 EP94400280A EP94400280A EP0612571A1 EP 0612571 A1 EP0612571 A1 EP 0612571A1 EP 94400280 A EP94400280 A EP 94400280A EP 94400280 A EP94400280 A EP 94400280A EP 0612571 A1 EP0612571 A1 EP 0612571A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- cam
- support
- fingers
- crimping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/08—Tube expanders
- B21D39/20—Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
- Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53796—Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator
- Y10T29/5383—Puller or pusher means, contained force multiplying operator having fluid operator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53987—Tube, sleeve or ferrule
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53996—Means to assemble or disassemble by deforming
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un appareil pour sertir un tube dans une plaque épaisse, comprenant :
- une source de fluide hydraulique sous très forte pression,
- un mandrin destiné à être glissé dans le tube à sertir, à l'emplacement du sertissage à réaliser dans la plage,
- ce mandrin portant deux moyens d'étanchéité délimitant, avec le tube à sertir, une chambre annulaire d'expansion recevant le fluide sous pression,
- chaque moyen d'étanchéité se composant, du côté de la chambre, d'un ou plusieurs joints élastiques déformables destinés à fermer la chambre entre le mandrin et le tube à sertir, et d'un dispositif d'appui placé au-delà des joints pour les soutenir pendant la mise en pression de la chambre et éviter le fluage des joints lorsque la section intérieure du tube à sertir augmente au cours du sertissage,
- ce dispositif d'appui étant formé d'une came annulaire à surface conique, présentant, du côté tourné vers les joints, une surface d'appui constante, et un support périphérique ayant une surface conique correspondant à celle de la came, pour être expansé par la came annulaire et occuper l'intervalle entre la came annulaire et la paroi intérieure du tube pendant le sertissage,
- a source of hydraulic fluid under very high pressure,
- a mandrel intended to be slid into the tube to be crimped, at the location of the crimping to be carried out in the range,
- this mandrel carrying two sealing means delimiting, with the tube to be crimped, an annular expansion chamber receiving the fluid under pressure,
- each sealing means consisting, on the side of the chamber, of one or more deformable elastic seals intended to close the chamber between the mandrel and the tube to be crimped, and of a support device placed beyond the seals to support them during the pressurization of the chamber and to prevent creep of the seals when the internal section of the tube to be crimped increases during crimping,
- this support device being formed of an annular cam with conical surface, having, on the side facing the seals, a constant bearing surface, and a peripheral support having a conical surface corresponding to that of the cam, to be expanded by the annular cam and occupy the space between the annular cam and the inner wall of the tube during crimping,
Un tel appareil est connu selon le brevet EP-83 300 163.1.Such an apparatus is known according to patent EP-83 300 163.1.
Cet appareil hydraulique, destiné au sertissage de tubes dans des plaques épaisses, se compose d'une came formant la surface d'appui pour les joints déformables fermant l'intervalle entre le mandrin et le tube pendant l'expansion de ce dernier. Cette came, ou surface de came conique, coopère avec l'extrémité avant de segment à surface également conique réunie par un joint en caoutchouc. Sous l'action de la poussée exercée par la came annulaire, les segments se déploient et ferment l'intervalle qui subsiste entre le bord extérieur de la surface d'appui de la came annulaire et la surface intérieure correspondante du tube en cours de sertissage, de façon à soutenir le ou les joints déformables pour éviter que ceux-ci ne fluent dans l'intervalle qui s'ouvre de plus en plus entre la surface d'appui de la came et la surface intérieure du tube.This hydraulic device, intended for crimping tubes into thick plates, consists of a cam forming the bearing surface for the deformable joints closing the gap between the mandrel and the tube during the expansion of the latter. This cam, or conical cam surface, cooperates with the front end of a segment with an equally conical surface joined by a rubber seal. Under the action of the thrust exerted by the annular cam, the segments deploy and close the gap which remains between the outer edge of the bearing surface of the annular cam and the corresponding interior surface of the tube during crimping, so as to support the deformable joint or joints to prevent them from flowing in the gap which opens more and more between the bearing surface of the cam and the inner surface of the tube.
Il est à remarquer que cet intervalle subsistant entre la surface d'appui des joints et la surface intérieure du tube à sertir peut aller jusqu'à plus 1 mm dans la direction diamétrale.It should be noted that this gap remaining between the bearing surface of the seals and the inner surface of the tube to be crimped can be up to more than 1 mm in the diametrical direction.
Cette solution constitue un perfectionnement à la solution antérieure dans laquelle le support était constitué simplement par un manchon fendu sur toute sa longueur. En effet, dans le cas du manchon, on ne pouvait espérer obtenir un appui régulier contre le fluage à cause de la fente dans laquelle fluait la matière du joint appuyé contre ce manchon, fluage qui avait pour double conséquence, d'une part, d'abîmer le joint, et, d'autre part, de bloquer le manchon ainsi déployé, en maintenant sa fente ouverte et en compliquant l'extraction du mandrin après le sertissage.This solution constitutes an improvement on the previous solution in which the support consisted simply of a sleeve split over its entire length. Indeed, in the case of the sleeve, one could not hope to obtain a regular support against creep because of the slit in which flowed the material of the seal pressed against this sleeve, creep which had for double consequence, on the one hand, d '' damage the seal and, on the other hand, block the sleeve thus deployed, keeping its slot open and complicating the extraction of the mandrel after crimping.
La solution décrite ci-dessus avait pour but de remédier à cet inconvénient en réalisant un ensemble constitué par plusieurs segments séparés. Toutefois, cette solution n'est pas satisfaisante en pratique car, d'une part, pour que l'ensemble ait de la tenue, on ne peut envisager qu'un nombre très réduit de segments et, d'autre part, au moment de l'expansion, rien ne permet de garantir une expansion régulière des joints séparant les segments ; au contraire, il arrive fréquemment que les segments se tassent les uns contre les autres si bien qu'il n'y a plus qu'une seule fente de grandes dimensions et on retrouve les inconvénients de l'appareil antérieur.The solution described above was intended to remedy this drawback by providing an assembly consisting of several separate segments. However, this solution is not satisfactory in practice because, on the one hand, so that the assembly has strength, one can only envisage a very small number of segments and, on the other hand, when expansion, there is nothing to guarantee a regular expansion of the joints separating the segments; on the contrary, it frequently happens that the segments are packed against each other so that there is only one large slot left and there are the drawbacks of the prior device.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients et se propose de créer un appareil de sertissage permettant de soutenir efficacement les joints déformables délimitant la chambre de pression, pour soutenir efficacement les joints en évitant leur fluage, ou ce qui en est le corollaire, pour permettre de travailler sans risque, à des pressions très élevées.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes to create a crimping device making it possible to effectively support the deformable joints delimiting the pressure chamber, to effectively support the joints by preventing their creep, or what is the corollary thereof. , to allow working without risk, at very high pressures.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne un appareil du type défini ci-dessus caractérisé en ce que le support périphérique est un manchon formé de doigts jointifs, séparés par des fentes, les doigts étant reliés à une couronne non fendue à l'autre extrémité du support, et l'extrémité libre des doigts forme une surface de came destinée à coopérer avec la surface de la came.To this end, the invention relates to an apparatus of the type defined above, characterized in that the peripheral support is a sleeve formed by contiguous fingers, separated by slots, the fingers being connected to an unsplit crown at the other end. of the support, and the free end of the fingers forms a cam surface intended to cooperate with the surface of the cam.
L'appareil à sertir selon l'invention permet de soutenir régulièrement le joint dans l'intervalle annulaire qui se crée pendant le sertissage entre le bord extérieur de la surface d'appui de la came annulaire et la surface intérieure du tube à sertir, grâce aux doigts qui, solidaires de la couronne non fendue, à l'autre extrémité du manchon, ne peuvent que se déployer régulièrement de manière à créer des intervalles réguliers, en évitant la formation d'un seul intervalle de dimensions importantes comme dans l'art antérieur.The crimping device according to the invention makes it possible to regularly support the seal in the annular gap which is created during crimping between the outer edge of the bearing surface of the annular cam and the internal surface of the tube to be crimped, thanks to the fingers which, integral with the unsplit crown, at the other end of the sleeve, can only deploy regularly so as to create regular intervals, avoiding the formation of a single interval of large dimensions as in the prior art.
Le joint est ainsi soutenu régulièrement dans tout l'intervalle et n'a aucune possibilité de fluer sous l'effet des pression de sertissage très importants, de l'ordre de 4 000 bars. Cela évite la destruction du ou des joints et facilite l'enlèvement de l'appareil après cette opération de sertissage.The seal is thus supported regularly throughout the interval and has no possibility of creeping under the effect of very high crimping pressures, of the order of 4,000 bars. This prevents destruction of the seal (s) and facilitates removal of the device after this crimping operation.
Par ailleurs, comme le support est composé de doigts et non pas de segments séparés, il est possible, sans créer de difficultés ni de fabrication, ni d'assemblage, ni d'utilisation, d'avoir un nombre relativement important de doigts, nombre qui ne serait pas envisageable pour des segments séparés car l'ensemble n'aurait plus la tenue suffisante.Furthermore, as the support is composed of fingers and not of separate segments, it is possible, without creating difficulties either in manufacturing, assembly or use, to have a relatively large number of fingers, number which would not be possible for separate segments because the assembly would no longer have sufficient strength.
Selon l'invention, les fentes délimitant les doigts sont de préférence des fentes longitudinales, parallèles à l'axe du manchon.According to the invention, the slots delimiting the fingers are preferably longitudinal slots, parallel to the axis of the sleeve.
La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide d'un exemple de réalisation représenté schématiquement aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une demi-coupe axiale, partielle, d'un appareil à sertir selon l'invention, placé dans un bout de tube lui-même placé dans la plaque épaisse, à l'endroit où l'on veut réaliser un sertissage.
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective éclatée du dispositif d'appui de l'appareil selon l'invention.
- Figure 1 is an axial partial partial section of a crimping device according to the invention, placed in a tube end itself placed in the thick plate, at the place where one wants to perform a crimping .
- Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the support device of the apparatus according to the invention.
L'appareil, représenté à la figure 1 par la moitié d'une demi-coupe axiale, se compose d'un mandrin 1 d'axe X-X. Ce mandrin est traversé par un perçage non représenté qui débouche, par la surface 2 du mandrin, dans la chambre annulaire d'expansion 3 formée par l'intervalle qui subsiste entre le mandrin et la paroi intérieure du tube 4 que l'on veut sertir dans la plaque épaisse 5. L'appareil selon l'invention permet de gonfler le tube 4 à l'endroit de la plaque épaisse 5, en déformant localement le tube pour le sertir.The apparatus, represented in FIG. 1 by half of an axial half-section, consists of a mandrel 1 of axis XX. This bore is traversed by a bore, not shown, which opens, through the
Ce mandrin 1 porte deux moyens d'étanchéité identiques ou analogues dont un seul est représente à la figure 1. Ce moyen d'étanchéité se compose d'un premier joint 6, situé du côté de la chambre de pression 3 et d'un autre joint d'étanchéité 7 soutenant le joint 6. Les joints 6 et 7 sont en une matière élastique déformable pour assurer l'étanchéité pendant l'expansion du tube à sertir ; le joint 6 peut être en caoutchouc et le joint 7 en polyuréthane.This mandrel 1 carries two identical or analogous sealing means, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1. This sealing means consists of a
Ces joints 6, 7 sont soutenus, directement pour le second, et indirectement pour le premier, par un dispositif d'appui formé d'une came 8 et d'un manchon 9 prenant lui-même appui sur une couronne ou vis annulaire 10 portée par le mandrin 1 à l'extérieur du tube 4 et servant à la mise en place et au réglage de l'appareil.These
Du côté opposé au moyen d'étanchéité ainsi décrit, dans la partie supérieure du dessin, se situerait un moyen d'étanchéité analogue, pour délimiter l'autre côté de la chambre de pression 3.On the side opposite the sealing means thus described, in the upper part of the drawing, there would be a similar sealing means, to delimit the other side of the
Selon l'invention, le dispositif d'appui, composé de la came 8 et du support périphérique 9, sera décrit de façon plus détaillée à l'aide de la figure 2 prise en combinaison avec la figure 1.According to the invention, the support device, composed of the
Selon la figure 2, la came 8 se compose en fait d'un manchon 81, d'une surface conique 82 et d'une surface d'appui 83. Cette surface d'appui 83 sert à soutenir le joint 7. La surface conique 82 est destinée à coopérer avec le support périphérique 9 pour l'ouvrir.According to FIG. 2, the
Ce support périphérique 9 est constitué par un manchon dont une extrémité porte des doigts 91 reliés à une couronne 92, non fendue, à l'autre extrémité du support 9 ; ces doigts 91 sont délimités par des fentes 93 qui arrivent jusqu'à la couronne 92.This
Pendant le sertissage, la pression élevée régnant dans la chambre 3 expanse le tube 4 tout en poussant sur les joints 6, 7. La pression est transmise par la surface 83 à la came 8 qui s'enfonce dans le support périphérique 9. La coopération de la surface 82 et de la surface 94 des doigts 91 tend à écarter les doigts qui fermeront ainsi l'intervalle subsistant entre le bord 84 de la came 8 et la surface intérieure du tube 4, en interdisant au joint 7 de fluer dans cet intervalle.During crimping, the high pressure prevailing in the
Pour l'assemblage, le manchon 81 de la came 8 se glisse dans l'intervalle des doigts 91 et, suivant la longueur du manchon 81, celui-ci arrive jusque dans la couronne 92.For assembly, the sleeve 81 of the
La surface avant des doigts 91 est délimitée par une surface conique 94 de conicité correspondant à celle de la surface conique 82 de la came 88. Sous l'effet d'une poussée exercée sur face 83, la came 8 tend à s'enfoncer dans le support périphérique 9 et à écarter les doigts 91 qui fermeront alors l'intervalle créé entre le bord extérieur 84 de la surface d'appui 83 et la surface intérieure du tube à sertir 4.The front surface of the
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9301928 | 1993-02-19 | ||
FR9301928A FR2701658B1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1993-02-19 | Apparatus for crimping a tube into a thick plate. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0612571A1 true EP0612571A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
EP0612571B1 EP0612571B1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
Family
ID=9444237
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94400280A Expired - Lifetime EP0612571B1 (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1994-02-09 | Device for securing a tube in a thick plate |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5509184A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0612571B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH071056A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE139916T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69400269T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2091669T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2701658B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6769161B2 (en) * | 1997-10-16 | 2004-08-03 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Radial stent crimper |
US5992000A (en) * | 1997-10-16 | 1999-11-30 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent crimper |
JP2909984B1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-06-23 | 船井電機株式会社 | Manufacturing method of compressor and pipe expansion jig used for manufacturing method |
US6352547B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2002-03-05 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent crimping system |
US6360577B2 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2002-03-26 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for contracting, or crimping stents |
US6387117B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2002-05-14 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stent crimping system |
US6629350B2 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2003-10-07 | Tom Motsenbocker | Stent crimping apparatus and method |
WO2002076700A1 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-03 | Machine Solutions, Inc. | Balloon folding technology |
US7152452B2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2006-12-26 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Assembly for crimping an intraluminal device and method of use |
US7207204B2 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2007-04-24 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Crimper |
US7021114B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2006-04-04 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent crimper |
US7143625B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2006-12-05 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Stent crimper |
CN103433396B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-09-09 | 西安胜智航空科技有限公司 | A kind of radial expansion expander expanding for marmem pipe joint |
JP7374791B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2023-11-07 | マブチモーター株式会社 | Reducer and geared motor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0084940A1 (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-08-03 | Haskel, Inc. | Swaging apparatus having elastically deformable members |
US4654943A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-04-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Tube positioning tool and method for use |
EP0309078A2 (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-03-29 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of apparatus for expanding and sealing a sleeve into a surrounding tube |
-
1993
- 1993-02-19 FR FR9301928A patent/FR2701658B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-02-09 ES ES94400280T patent/ES2091669T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-09 EP EP94400280A patent/EP0612571B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-09 DE DE69400269T patent/DE69400269T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-09 AT AT94400280T patent/ATE139916T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-15 JP JP6018197A patent/JPH071056A/en active Pending
- 1994-02-18 US US08/198,827 patent/US5509184A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0084940A1 (en) * | 1982-01-22 | 1983-08-03 | Haskel, Inc. | Swaging apparatus having elastically deformable members |
US4654943A (en) * | 1986-02-24 | 1987-04-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Tube positioning tool and method for use |
EP0309078A2 (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-03-29 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Method of apparatus for expanding and sealing a sleeve into a surrounding tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE139916T1 (en) | 1996-07-15 |
DE69400269D1 (en) | 1996-08-08 |
ES2091669T3 (en) | 1996-11-01 |
EP0612571B1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
FR2701658B1 (en) | 1995-05-12 |
JPH071056A (en) | 1995-01-06 |
FR2701658A1 (en) | 1994-08-26 |
US5509184A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
DE69400269T2 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
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