EP0034549B1 - Rolling-in process and tool for use in carrying out this process - Google Patents
Rolling-in process and tool for use in carrying out this process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0034549B1 EP0034549B1 EP81420011A EP81420011A EP0034549B1 EP 0034549 B1 EP0034549 B1 EP 0034549B1 EP 81420011 A EP81420011 A EP 81420011A EP 81420011 A EP81420011 A EP 81420011A EP 0034549 B1 EP0034549 B1 EP 0034549B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bore
- tube
- inside surface
- tool
- projections
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49373—Tube joint and tube plate structure
- Y10T29/49375—Tube joint and tube plate structure including conduit expansion or inflation
Definitions
- Pipe expansion is a process well known in the art for attaching a tube to a support plate.
- a bore is made in the plate and the end of the tube is engaged in this bore.
- the outer wall of the tube is then applied by expansion against the inner surface of the bore of the plate using a dudgeon consisting of a plurality of rollers arranged around a conical pin (see US-A-1,881 867).
- this grooving process can only be used for the expansion of thick tubes because thin tubes, for example less than 1 millimeter thick, tend to crack at the edges of the grooves. Furthermore, if the grooving improves the attachment of the tube to the plate, the sealing remains practically unchanged.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a expansion method applicable more particularly to expansion of thin tubes which on the one hand improves sealing and on the other hand can be implemented in a simple and inexpensive manner.
- the present invention relates to a expansion method in which at least one bore is formed in a metal plate to receive the end of a tube.
- at least one annular projection is formed which projects beyond the interior surface of the bore; each projection has an extension measured parallel to the axis of the tube at most equal to one millimeter, and it radially exceeds the internal surface of the bore only by a small value, at most two tenths of a millimeter.
- the annular projections are produced by the discharge of material on the interior surface of the bore.
- This discharge can advantageously be carried out by machining similar to swaging, but carried out directly on the bore of the plate, this before placing the end of the tube in the bore.
- the present invention also relates to a tool in the form of a dudgeon capable of being used to produce the annular projections by the discharge of metal onto the surface of the bore.
- this tool in the form of a dudgeon, has an outer casing which has annularly hollow parts at least partially complementary to the annular projections to be formed on the internal surface of the bore, and raised parts intended to push the material of the inner surface of the bore in said recessed portions.
- Such a dudgeon-shaped tool can for example be obtained by replacing the conventional conical rollers of a dudgeon with a plurality of balls.
- the tool is obtained by replacing the conventional conical rollers with conical rollers which each have annular grooves of shape complementary to those of the projections to be formed on the inner surface of the bore.
- the rollers of this tool have intermediate parts, the level of which is between that of the hollow parts and that of the raised parts, this to suddenly increase the resistive torque when said intermediate parts come into contact with the inner surface of the bore.
- the present invention also relates to an assembly of at least one tube on a plate, this assembly being carried out by the above method.
- Figure 1 shows a tube (1) expanded in a plate (2).
- the thickness of the tube has been very clearly exaggerated compared to its diameter in order to make it more readable.
- a bore (3) is first made in the plate (2) at a diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of the tube (1).
- Annular projections (4) are then formed by any known means, for example by discharge of material on the inner surface of the bore (3).
- the projections (4) here have a substantially isosceles section.
- the end of the tube (1) is then engaged in the bore (3) provided with the projections (4) where it is expanded in a conventional manner.
- a single projection (4) may be sufficient, but several are preferably provided to take account of the fact that the extreme projections can be damaged when the tube (1) is engaged in the bore (3).
- FIGS 2 and 4 show another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 shows a tube (11) expanded in a plate (12). Prior to the introduction of the tube (11) into the bore (13) of the plate (12), there were formed on the inner surface of the bore (13) projections (14) whose profile is shown more in detail in figure 4.
- the projections (14) have an axial extension 1 which is of the order of 5 tenths of a millimeter or less.
- the height e which it exceeds from the surface (15) of the bore is of the order of 3 to 5 hundredths of a millimeter.
- the bore (13) also includes recessed areas (16) alternated with the areas (15) where the surface of the bore has not been modified.
- the protrusions (14) are produced by the discharge of material using a tool (20) in the form of a dudgeon, comprising, like conventional dudgeons, a conical pin (21) around which are rollers of generally conical shape. (22) so that the outer casing of the rollers (22) is generally cylindrical.
- the rollers (22) are machined to form recessed parts (23) complementary to the projections (14) and raised parts (24) liable, during the prior machining of the plate (12), in the absence of the tube (11), to push the material from the inner surface of the bore into the hollow parts (23) to form the projections (14). It can also be seen that the rollers (22) have intermediate parts (25) the level of which is between the bottom of the hollow parts (23) and the surface of the raised parts (24).
- the raised parts (24) push the material of the plate back into the hollow parts (23) and sink into the surface of the bore until the parts (25) of intermediate levels come into contact with the surface (15) of the bore.
- the torque of the tool (20) around its axis increases suddenly so that it is possible to adjust the machining to a determined torque with very high operating reliability.
- FIG. 3 represents another variant in which a tube (31) is expanded in a plate (32).
- the bore (33) was previously shaped in the absence of the tube (31), using a tool formed by replacing the rollers of a conventional dudgeon with a plurality of balls. This results in protrusions (34) separated by toric recesses (35).
- the toric recesses (35) are alternated with areas (36) corresponding to the original surface of the bore (3).
- the overall machining tolerances are practically the same as under the conditions of conventional expansion. It suffices to provide a minimum clearance between the tube (1) and the original bore (3) which is greater than the normal clearance of twice the thickness of the projections (4). For example, if the projections have a height e equal to 5 centimeters of millimeter, the additional clearance will have to be of a tenth of millimeter.
- Tubes (1-11-31) of external diameter (d) of 19 mm in stainless steel and titanium and of wall thickness (E) of 0.4 and 0.5 mm as well as tubes of stainless steel of diameter outside (d) of 32 mm and thickness (E) of 0.25 mm were expanded in support plates (2) in steel, aluminum, bronze and cupro-aluminum. It only took two fine annular projections according to the invention to obtain a very good seal, this without excessive deformation of the metal.
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de dudgeonnage. Le dudgeonnage est un procédé bien connu dans la technique pour fixer un tube à une plaque support. Dans ce procédé, un alésage est pratiqué dans la plaque et l'extrémité du tube est engagée dans cet alésage. La paroi extérieure du tube est ensuite appliquée par expansion contre la surface intérieure de l'alésage de la plaque à l'aide d'un dudgeon constitué par une pluralité de galets disposés autour d'une broche conique (voir US-A-1 881 867).The present invention relates to a method of expansion. Pipe expansion is a process well known in the art for attaching a tube to a support plate. In this process, a bore is made in the plate and the end of the tube is engaged in this bore. The outer wall of the tube is then applied by expansion against the inner surface of the bore of the plate using a dudgeon consisting of a plurality of rollers arranged around a conical pin (see US-A-1,881 867).
Il est également connu dans les procédés de dudgeonnage d'usiner à la surface intérieure de l'alésage des rainures dans le but d'améliorer l'accrochage du tube à la plaque (voir FR-A-1 303 273). Ces rainures, d'une profondeur de l'ordre de 5 dixièmes de millimètre, ont une largeur de quelques millimètres.It is also known in the expansion methods to machine the inner surface of the bore of the grooves in order to improve the attachment of the tube to the plate (see FR-A-1 303 273). These grooves, with a depth of the order of 5 tenths of a millimeter, have a width of a few millimeters.
Toutefois, ce procédé de rainurage ne peut être utilisé que pour le dudgeonnage des tubes épais car les tubes minces, d'épaisseur par exemple inférieure à 1 millimètre, ont tendance à se fissurer au niveau des arêtes des rainures. Par ailleurs, si le rainurage améliore l'accrochage du tube sur la plaque, l'étanchéité reste pratiquement inchangée.However, this grooving process can only be used for the expansion of thick tubes because thin tubes, for example less than 1 millimeter thick, tend to crack at the edges of the grooves. Furthermore, if the grooving improves the attachment of the tube to the plate, the sealing remains practically unchanged.
On a également proposé pour le dudgeonnage des tubes minces, d'usiner à la surface intérieure de l'alésage des rainures moins profondes par exemple de l'ordre de 3 dixièmes de millimètre et d'extension axiale du même ordre, c'est-à-dire bien inférieure à celle des rainures utilisées pour le dudgeonnage des tubes épais. Lors de l'expansion du tube à l'intérieur de l'alésage, il se forme alors un bourrelet de métal dans les rainures, ce qui améliore l'étanchéité. Ce procédé présente toutefois l'inconvénient que l'usinage des rainures est délicat et coûteux et que l'accrochage du tube est tel qu'aucun glissement n'est permis. Il en résulte des contraintes élevées en compression axiale dans le tube lors d'un éventuel dudgeonnage de son autre extrémité.It has also been proposed for the thinning of thin tubes, to machine on the inner surface of the bore shallower grooves for example of the order of 3 tenths of a millimeter and axial extension of the same order, that is to say that is to say much lower than that of the grooves used for the expansion of thick tubes. When the tube expands inside the bore, a metal bead is formed in the grooves, which improves sealing. However, this method has the disadvantage that the machining of the grooves is delicate and costly and that the attachment of the tube is such that no sliding is allowed. This results in high axial compression stresses in the tube during a possible expansion of its other end.
La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en fournissant un procédé de dudgeonnage applicable plus particulièrement au dudgeonnage des tubes minces qui d'une part améliore l'étanchéité et d'autre part peut être mis en oeuvre de façon simple et peu coûteuse.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing a expansion method applicable more particularly to expansion of thin tubes which on the one hand improves sealing and on the other hand can be implemented in a simple and inexpensive manner.
.A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un procédé de dudgeonnage dans lequel au moins un alésage est pratiqué dans une plaque métallique pour recevoir l'extrémité d'un tube. Dans cet alésage, on forme au moins une saillie annulaire qui dépasse la surface intérieure de l'alésage ; chaque saillie a une extension mesurée parallèlement à l'axe du tube au plus égale à un millimètre, et elle ne dépasse radialement la surface intérieure de l'alésage que d'une faible valeur, au maximum de deux dixièmes de millimètre.To this end, the present invention relates to a expansion method in which at least one bore is formed in a metal plate to receive the end of a tube. In this bore, at least one annular projection is formed which projects beyond the interior surface of the bore; each projection has an extension measured parallel to the axis of the tube at most equal to one millimeter, and it radially exceeds the internal surface of the bore only by a small value, at most two tenths of a millimeter.
Chacune de ces fines saillies est partiellement écrasée lors du dudgeonnage en provoquant une concentration de contraintes et par conséquent en améliorant fortement l'étanchéité, ceci bien que ces saillies soient fines.Each of these fine projections is partially crushed during the expansion, causing a concentration of stresses and therefore greatly improving the seal, although these projections are fine.
On a constaté que ce procédé était particulièrement bien adapté à la réalisation de condenseurs pour lesquels les exigences d'étanchéité sont actuellement de plus en plus sévères. De plus, les tubes utilisés dans ces condenseurs sont de plus en plus souvent en titane et sont par conséquent utilisés en faible épaisseur pour des questions économiques. Ces deux tendances contradictoires conduisaient à de sérieuses difficultés pour dudgeonner des tubes minces, en titane par exemple, dans des plaques en cupro-aluminium, alors que la présente invention permet de concilier les exigences d'étanchéité avec l'utilisation de tubes minces.It has been found that this process is particularly well suited to the production of condensers for which the sealing requirements are currently more and more severe. In addition, the tubes used in these condensers are more and more often made of titanium and are therefore used in thin thickness for economic reasons. These two contradictory tendencies led to serious difficulties in expanding thin tubes, for example made of titanium, in copper-aluminum plates, while the present invention makes it possible to reconcile the sealing requirements with the use of thin tubes.
De bons résultats ont été obtenus avec des saillies annulaires qui s'étendent axialement sur une longueur de l'ordre de 5 dixièmes de millimètre, ou même inférieure, et qui ne dépassent radialement la surface intérieure de l'alésage que d'une valeur de 3 à 5 centièmes de millimètre.Good results have been obtained with annular projections which extend axially over a length of the order of 5 tenths of a millimeter, or even less, and which radially exceed the internal surface of the bore only by a value of 3 to 5 hundredths of a millimeter.
Dans une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention, les saillies annulaires sont réalisées par refoulement de matière à la surface intérieure de l'alésage. Ce refoulement peut avantageusement être réalisé par un usinage analogue au dudgeonnage, mais effectué directement sur l'alésage de la plaque, ceci avant mise en place de l'extrémité du tube dans l'alésage.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annular projections are produced by the discharge of material on the interior surface of the bore. This discharge can advantageously be carried out by machining similar to swaging, but carried out directly on the bore of the plate, this before placing the end of the tube in the bore.
La présente invention a également pour objet un outil en forme de dudgeon susceptible d'être utilisé pour réaliser les saillies annulaires par refoulement de métal à la surface de l'alésage.The present invention also relates to a tool in the form of a dudgeon capable of being used to produce the annular projections by the discharge of metal onto the surface of the bore.
Selon l'invention, cet outil en forme de dudgeon, a une enveloppe extérieure qui présente annulairement des parties en creux au moins partiellement complémentaires des saillies annulaires à former à la surface intérieure de l'alésage, et des parties en relief destinées à refouler la matière de la surface intérieure de l'alésage dans lesdites parties en creux.According to the invention, this tool in the form of a dudgeon, has an outer casing which has annularly hollow parts at least partially complementary to the annular projections to be formed on the internal surface of the bore, and raised parts intended to push the material of the inner surface of the bore in said recessed portions.
Un tel outil en forme de dudgeon peut par exemple être obtenu par remplacement des galets coniques classiques d'un dudgeon par une pluralité de billes.Such a dudgeon-shaped tool can for example be obtained by replacing the conventional conical rollers of a dudgeon with a plurality of balls.
Cependant, dans un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention, l'outil est obtenu par remplacement des galets coniques classiques par des galets coniques qui comportent chacun des rainures annulaires de forme complémentaire de celles des saillies à former à la surface intérieure de l'alésage.However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tool is obtained by replacing the conventional conical rollers with conical rollers which each have annular grooves of shape complementary to those of the projections to be formed on the inner surface of the bore.
De préférence, les galets de cet outil comportent des parties intermédiaires dont le niveau est compris entre celui des parties en creux et celui des parties en relief, ceci pour augmenter brutalement le couple résistant lorsque lesdites parties intermédiaires viennent en contact avec la surface intérieure de l'alésage.Preferably, the rollers of this tool have intermediate parts, the level of which is between that of the hollow parts and that of the raised parts, this to suddenly increase the resistive torque when said intermediate parts come into contact with the inner surface of the bore.
La présente invention a également pour objet un assemblage d'au moins un tube sur une plaque, cet assemblage étant réalisé par le procédé ci-dessus.The present invention also relates to an assembly of at least one tube on a plate, this assembly being carried out by the above method.
D'autres avantages ressortiront de la description qui suit de formes de réalisation avantageuses de l'invention, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif.Other advantages will emerge from the following description of advantageous embodiments of the invention, given by way of nonlimiting example.
Aux dessins schématiques annexés :
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un tube dudgeonné dans une plaque en utilisant un procédé selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 2 est une coupe axiale similaire à la figure 1, représentant un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
- la figure 3 est une autre coupe axiale similaire aux figures 1 et 2, représentant un troisième mode de réalisation à l'invention,
- la figure 4 est une vue à plus grande échelle de la surface intérieure d'un alésage préparé par le procédé selon la présente invention pour recevoir l'extrémité d'un tube mince à dudgeonner,
- la figure 5 représente un outil en forme de dudgeon susceptible d'être utilisé dans le procédé selon l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of a tube expanded in a plate using a method according to an embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 2 is an axial section similar to FIG. 1, showing another embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 3 is another axial section similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, showing a third embodiment of the invention,
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the interior surface of a bore prepared by the method according to the present invention for receiving the end of a thin tube to be expanded,
- FIG. 5 represents a tool in the form of a dudgeon capable of being used in the method according to the invention.
La figure 1 représente un tube (1) dudgeonné dans une plaque (2). Dans cette figure, l'épaisseur du tube a été très nettement exagérée par rapport à son diamètre afin de la rendre plus lisible.Figure 1 shows a tube (1) expanded in a plate (2). In this figure, the thickness of the tube has been very clearly exaggerated compared to its diameter in order to make it more readable.
Le dudgeonnage est effectué de la façon suivante. Un alésage (3) est tout d'abord réalisé dans la plaque (2) à un diamètre légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur du tube (1). Des saillies annulaires (4) sont ensuite formées par tous moyens connus, par exemple par refoulement de matière à la surface intérieure de l'alésage (3). Les saillies (4) ont ici une section sensiblement isocèle.The expansion is carried out as follows. A bore (3) is first made in the plate (2) at a diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of the tube (1). Annular projections (4) are then formed by any known means, for example by discharge of material on the inner surface of the bore (3). The projections (4) here have a substantially isosceles section.
L'extrémité du tube (1) est ensuite engagée dans l'alésage (3) muni des saillies (4) où il est dudgeonné de façon classique.The end of the tube (1) is then engaged in the bore (3) provided with the projections (4) where it is expanded in a conventional manner.
Lors du dudgeonnage du tube, les saillies (4) sont écrasées et il s'ensuit des contraintes résiduelles localisées beaucoup plus importantes que la contrainte de serrage moyen. On a constaté que cette contrainte est suffisante pour assurer l'étanchéité même lorsque la limite élastique de la plaque (2) est les deux tiers de celle du tube (1).During the expansion of the tube, the projections (4) are crushed and the result is localized residual stresses much greater than the average tightening stress. It has been found that this constraint is sufficient to ensure sealing even when the elastic limit of the plate (2) is two thirds of that of the tube (1).
Une seule saillie (4) peut être suffisante, mais on en prévoit de préférence plusieurs pour tenir compte du fait que les saillies extrêmes peuvent être endommagées lors de l'engagement du tube (1) dans l'alésage (3).A single projection (4) may be sufficient, but several are preferably provided to take account of the fact that the extreme projections can be damaged when the tube (1) is engaged in the bore (3).
Les figures 2 et 4 représentent un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figures 2 and 4 show another embodiment of the invention.
Comme dans la figure 1, la figure 2 représente un tube (11) dudgeonné dans une plaque (12). Préalablement à l'introduction du tube (11) dans l'alésage (13) de la plaque (12), on a formé à la surface intérieure de l'alésage (13) des saillies (14) dont le profil est représenté plus en détail à la figure 4.As in Figure 1, Figure 2 shows a tube (11) expanded in a plate (12). Prior to the introduction of the tube (11) into the bore (13) of the plate (12), there were formed on the inner surface of the bore (13) projections (14) whose profile is shown more in detail in figure 4.
Les saillies (14) ont une extension axiale 1 qui est de l'ordre de 5 dixièmes de millimètre ou inférieure. La hauteur e dont elle dépasse de la surface (15) de l'alésage est de l'ordre de 3 à 5 centièmes de millimètre. On constate par ailleurs que l'alésage (13) comporte également des zones en renfoncement (16) alternées avec les plages (15) où la surface de l'alésage n'a pas été modifiée.The projections (14) have an axial extension 1 which is of the order of 5 tenths of a millimeter or less. The height e which it exceeds from the surface (15) of the bore is of the order of 3 to 5 hundredths of a millimeter. It can also be seen that the bore (13) also includes recessed areas (16) alternated with the areas (15) where the surface of the bore has not been modified.
Ceci résulte du mode de réalisation des saillies (14) que l'on décrira maintenant en référence à la figure 5.This results from the embodiment of the projections (14) which will now be described with reference to FIG. 5.
Les saillies (14) sont réalisées par refoulement de matière à l'aide d'un outil (20) en forme de dudgeon, comportant comme les dudgeons classiques, une broche conique (21) autour de laquelle sont disposés des galets de forme globalement conique (22) de sorte que l'enveloppe extérieure des galets (22) soit généralement cylindrique.The protrusions (14) are produced by the discharge of material using a tool (20) in the form of a dudgeon, comprising, like conventional dudgeons, a conical pin (21) around which are rollers of generally conical shape. (22) so that the outer casing of the rollers (22) is generally cylindrical.
Cependant, contrairement aux galets coniques des dudgeons classiques, les galets (22) sont usinés pour former des parties en creux (23) complémentaires des saillies (14) et des parties en relief (24) susceptibles, lors de l'usinage préalable de la plaque (12), en l'absence du tube (11), de refouler la matière de la surface intérieure de l'alésage dans les parties en creux (23) pour former les saillies (14). On constate par ailleurs que les galets (22) comportent des parties (25) intermédiaires dont le niveau est compris entre le fond des parties en creux (23) et la surface des parties en relief (24). Ainsi, lors de l'usinage par l'outil (20) en forme de dudgeon, les parties en relief (24) refoulent la matière de la plaque dans les parties en creux (23) et s'enfoncent dans la surface de l'alésage jusqu'à ce que les parties (25) de niveaux intermédiaires viennent en contact avec la surface (15) de l'alésage. A cet instant, le couple de rotation de l'outil (20) autour de son axe augmente de façon brutale de sorte qu'il est possible de régler l'usinage à un couple déterminé avec une fiabilité très grande de fonctionnement.However, unlike the conical rollers of the conventional bladders, the rollers (22) are machined to form recessed parts (23) complementary to the projections (14) and raised parts (24) liable, during the prior machining of the plate (12), in the absence of the tube (11), to push the material from the inner surface of the bore into the hollow parts (23) to form the projections (14). It can also be seen that the rollers (22) have intermediate parts (25) the level of which is between the bottom of the hollow parts (23) and the surface of the raised parts (24). Thus, during machining by the tool (20) in the form of a dudgeon, the raised parts (24) push the material of the plate back into the hollow parts (23) and sink into the surface of the bore until the parts (25) of intermediate levels come into contact with the surface (15) of the bore. At this instant, the torque of the tool (20) around its axis increases suddenly so that it is possible to adjust the machining to a determined torque with very high operating reliability.
La figure 3 représente une autre variante dans laquelle un tube (31) est dudgeonné dans une plaque (32). Dans ce cas, l'alésage (33) a été préalablement façonné en l'absence du tube (31), à l'aide d'un outil formé par remplacement des galets d'un dudgeon classique par une pluralité de billes. Il en résulte des saillies (34) séparées par des renfoncements toriques (35). Les renfoncements toriques (35) sont alternés avec des plages (36) correspondant à la surface d'origine de l'alésage (3).FIG. 3 represents another variant in which a tube (31) is expanded in a plate (32). In this case, the bore (33) was previously shaped in the absence of the tube (31), using a tool formed by replacing the rollers of a conventional dudgeon with a plurality of balls. This results in protrusions (34) separated by toric recesses (35). The toric recesses (35) are alternated with areas (36) corresponding to the original surface of the bore (3).
La solution de la figure 5 utilisant des galets (22) usinés est cependant préférable à celle du remplacement des galets par des billes du fait qu'en prévoyant des parties en relief (24) suffisamment larges, on augmente la portée de ces parties en relief et l'on réduit ainsi l'usure de la broche (21) de l'outil en forme de dudgeon..The solution of FIG. 5 using rollers (22) machined is however preferable to that of replacing the rollers with balls because by providing sufficiently large raised portions (24), the range of these raised portions is increased and thus reduces the wear of the spindle (21) of the tool in the form of a dudgeon.
On constatera par ailleurs que les tolérances globales d'usinage sont pratiquement les mêmes que dans les conditions du dudgeonnage classique. Il suffit de prévoir un jeu minimum entre le tube (1) et l'alésage (3) d'origine qui soit supérieur au jeu normal du double de l'épaisseur des saillies (4). Par exemple, si les saillies ont une hauteur e égale à 5 centimètres de millimètre, le jeu supplémentaire devra être d'un dixième de millimètre.It will also be noted that the overall machining tolerances are practically the same as under the conditions of conventional expansion. It suffices to provide a minimum clearance between the tube (1) and the original bore (3) which is greater than the normal clearance of twice the thickness of the projections (4). For example, if the projections have a height e equal to 5 centimeters of millimeter, the additional clearance will have to be of a tenth of millimeter.
Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées au procédé décrit ci-dessus, c'est ainsi en particulier que d'autres formes de saillies que celles décrites peuvent être envisagées.Of course, various modifications can be made to the method described above, this is in particular how other forms of protrusions than those described can be envisaged.
L'essentiel est que ces saillies aient une extension axiale suffisamment faible pour pouvoir être écrasées lors du dudgeonnage et jouer ainsi le rôle de joints d'étanchéité.The main thing is that these projections have a sufficiently small axial extension to be able to be crushed during the expansion and thus play the role of seals.
Des tubes (1-11-31) de diamètre extérieur (d) de 19 mm en acier inoxydable et titane et de paroi d'épaisseur (E) de 0,4 et 0,5 mm ainsi que des tubes en acier inoxydable de diamètre extérieur (d) de 32 mm et d'épaisseur (E) de 0,25 mm ont été dudgeonnés dans des plaques supports (2) en acier, aluminium, bronze et cupro-aluminium. Il a suffit de deux fines saillies annulaires selon l'invention pour obtenir une très bonne étanchéité, ceci sans déformation excessive du métal.Tubes (1-11-31) of external diameter (d) of 19 mm in stainless steel and titanium and of wall thickness (E) of 0.4 and 0.5 mm as well as tubes of stainless steel of diameter outside (d) of 32 mm and thickness (E) of 0.25 mm were expanded in support plates (2) in steel, aluminum, bronze and cupro-aluminum. It only took two fine annular projections according to the invention to obtain a very good seal, this without excessive deformation of the metal.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT81420011T ATE5129T1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1981-02-12 | PROCEDURE FOR ROLLING PIPE INTO SHEETS AND TOOL FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8003348 | 1980-02-15 | ||
| FR8003348A FR2475949A1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1980-02-15 | DUDGEONING PROCESS, DUDGEON LIKELY TO BE USED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS, AND ASSEMBLY OBTAINED USING THE SAME |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0034549A2 EP0034549A2 (en) | 1981-08-26 |
| EP0034549A3 EP0034549A3 (en) | 1981-09-02 |
| EP0034549B1 true EP0034549B1 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
Family
ID=9238616
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81420011A Expired EP0034549B1 (en) | 1980-02-15 | 1981-02-12 | Rolling-in process and tool for use in carrying out this process |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4413395A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0034549B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS56131026A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE5129T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8100857A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1150571A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3161253D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2475949A1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN153730B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1135430B (en) |
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| JPS5916634A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-01-27 | Riken Corp | Coupling structure of tubular member and ring body part and its coupling method |
| US4505017A (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1985-03-19 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Method of installing a tube sleeve |
| JPS61133229U (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-20 | ||
| AT383063B (en) * | 1985-09-19 | 1987-05-11 | Simmering Graz Pauker Ag | Tool for recessing fine rolled grooves into the bores of pipe bottoms or into the outer surface of pipes |
| DE3716328C3 (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1994-07-28 | Bbc Reaktor Gmbh | Hollow plugs for closing a heat exchanger tube |
| DE3929080C2 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1996-06-27 | Mak Maschinenbau Krupp | Method and device for treating the surfaces of components to be frictionally connected to one another |
| US6823937B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2004-11-30 | Shell Oil Company | Wellhead |
| US6575240B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2003-06-10 | Shell Oil Company | System and method for driving pipe |
| US6712154B2 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2004-03-30 | Enventure Global Technology | Isolation of subterranean zones |
| US6745845B2 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2004-06-08 | Shell Oil Company | Isolation of subterranean zones |
| US6634431B2 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2003-10-21 | Robert Lance Cook | Isolation of subterranean zones |
| US7357188B1 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2008-04-15 | Shell Oil Company | Mono-diameter wellbore casing |
| GB2344606B (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2003-08-13 | Shell Int Research | Forming a wellbore casing by expansion of a tubular member |
| US6725919B2 (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2004-04-27 | Shell Oil Company | Forming a wellbore casing while simultaneously drilling a wellbore |
| AU770359B2 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2004-02-19 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Liner hanger |
| AU782901B2 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2005-09-08 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Lubricant coating for expandable tubular members |
| WO2004081346A2 (en) | 2003-03-11 | 2004-09-23 | Enventure Global Technology | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
| CA2482743C (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2011-05-24 | Enventure Global Technology | Protective sleeve for threaded connections for expandable liner hanger |
| EP1501645A4 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2006-04-26 | Enventure Global Technology | Protective sleeve for threaded connections for expandable liner hanger |
| US7739917B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2010-06-22 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Pipe formability evaluation for expandable tubulars |
| US7886831B2 (en) | 2003-01-22 | 2011-02-15 | Enventure Global Technology, L.L.C. | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
| CA2523862C (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2009-06-23 | Enventure Global Technology | Apparatus for radially expanding and plastically deforming a tubular member |
| US7712522B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2010-05-11 | Enventure Global Technology, Llc | Expansion cone and system |
| NO20041215D0 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2004-03-24 | Quickflange As | Method of calculations for attaching coupling elements to rudder |
| CA2577083A1 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Mark Shuster | Tubular member expansion apparatus |
| RU2445183C2 (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2012-03-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Самарский государственный аэрокосмический университет имени академика С.П. Королева (СГАУ) | Method of producing heat exchange tubes with shaped tips |
| SG10201501517UA (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2015-04-29 | Victaulic Co Of America | Pipe element having shoulder, groove and bead and methods and apparatus for manufacture thereof |
| RU2474483C1 (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-02-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" ОАО НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" | Test bench for analysing heat exchange tube beading by roller tool |
| CA2846838C (en) | 2011-09-02 | 2019-08-13 | Victaulic Company | Spin forming method |
| CN107666948B (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2021-09-10 | 康宁股份有限公司 | Plugging of honeycomb filters and device for plugging honeycomb filters |
| KR101682229B1 (en) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-12-02 | 박인규 | Heat exchanger using waste heat |
| RU185633U1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-12-13 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уральские локомотивы" | DEVICE FOR RHITCHING THE APPENDIX TUBE OF THE COPPER TUBULAR CABLE TERMINAL |
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| US1878049A (en) * | 1930-09-25 | 1932-09-20 | Gustav Wiedeke Company | Tube expander |
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| US1988418A (en) * | 1933-11-01 | 1935-01-15 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Method of securing tubes in tube sheets and article produced thereby |
| FR908952A (en) * | 1944-08-07 | 1946-04-24 | Process for fitting hollow bodies | |
| DE923488C (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-02-14 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Rolled connection of tubes, in particular boiler tubes, in plates, drums, flanges or the like. |
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| FR1303273A (en) * | 1961-10-09 | 1962-09-07 | Aubourg Freres Et Cie | New expansion process |
| FR1305575A (en) * | 1961-08-25 | 1962-10-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Method and apparatus for sealing a tube on a sheath or the like |
| DE2505973A1 (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-08-26 | Interatom | Sealing joint for flanged vacuum pipes - has pipe ends inserted to seal into corresponding bores in flange(NL170876) |
| US4154464A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1979-05-15 | Stary Walter E | Tube holding means in a heat exchanger |
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| GB189524456A (en) * | 1895-12-20 | 1896-02-15 | Carl Hellfrisch | Process for the Treatment of Potato Starch with Chlorine under Heating. |
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| GB467318A (en) * | 1935-11-13 | 1937-06-15 | Karl Gromus | Improvements in or relating to lengthening pieces for boiler tubes |
| US2292467A (en) * | 1937-10-22 | 1942-08-11 | Norsell Knut Birger | Means for anchoring pins into metallic members |
| US3428338A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1969-02-18 | Vernon Tool Co Ltd | Mechanical joint and method of making same |
| US3534988A (en) * | 1968-11-15 | 1970-10-20 | Ite Imperial Corp | Tube end mounted sleeve |
| SU518257A1 (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1976-06-25 | Предприятие П/Я А-7219 | Method of joining pipes with tube sheets |
| US3787945A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-01-29 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of fabricating an expanded tube connection |
| FR2235345B1 (en) * | 1973-06-26 | 1976-12-24 | Takayasu Kiyotelu |
-
1980
- 1980-02-15 FR FR8003348A patent/FR2475949A1/en active Granted
- 1980-12-29 IN IN1442/CAL/80A patent/IN153730B/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-02-02 US US06/230,531 patent/US4413395A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-02-11 CA CA000370637A patent/CA1150571A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-12 AT AT81420011T patent/ATE5129T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-12 BR BR8100857A patent/BR8100857A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-12 DE DE8181420011T patent/DE3161253D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-12 IT IT8119680A patent/IT1135430B/en active
- 1981-02-12 EP EP81420011A patent/EP0034549B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-13 JP JP1914581A patent/JPS56131026A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2735294A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | fisher | ||
| US1881867A (en) * | 1930-09-22 | 1932-10-11 | Vilter Mfg Co | Method of attaching annular elements to supporting structures |
| US1878049A (en) * | 1930-09-25 | 1932-09-20 | Gustav Wiedeke Company | Tube expander |
| US1988418A (en) * | 1933-11-01 | 1935-01-15 | Scovill Manufacturing Co | Method of securing tubes in tube sheets and article produced thereby |
| FR908952A (en) * | 1944-08-07 | 1946-04-24 | Process for fitting hollow bodies | |
| DE923488C (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-02-14 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Rolled connection of tubes, in particular boiler tubes, in plates, drums, flanges or the like. |
| FR1305575A (en) * | 1961-08-25 | 1962-10-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Method and apparatus for sealing a tube on a sheath or the like |
| FR1303273A (en) * | 1961-10-09 | 1962-09-07 | Aubourg Freres Et Cie | New expansion process |
| US4154464A (en) * | 1971-06-16 | 1979-05-15 | Stary Walter E | Tube holding means in a heat exchanger |
| DE2505973A1 (en) * | 1975-02-13 | 1976-08-26 | Interatom | Sealing joint for flanged vacuum pipes - has pipe ends inserted to seal into corresponding bores in flange(NL170876) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0034549A2 (en) | 1981-08-26 |
| FR2475949B1 (en) | 1984-03-02 |
| BR8100857A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
| IN153730B (en) | 1984-08-11 |
| IT8119680A0 (en) | 1981-02-12 |
| US4413395A (en) | 1983-11-08 |
| IT1135430B (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| CA1150571A (en) | 1983-07-26 |
| EP0034549A3 (en) | 1981-09-02 |
| FR2475949A1 (en) | 1981-08-21 |
| DE3161253D1 (en) | 1983-12-01 |
| ATE5129T1 (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| JPS56131026A (en) | 1981-10-14 |
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