EP0611703B1 - Récipient comportant un couvercle enfichable intégré - Google Patents

Récipient comportant un couvercle enfichable intégré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0611703B1
EP0611703B1 EP93850216A EP93850216A EP0611703B1 EP 0611703 B1 EP0611703 B1 EP 0611703B1 EP 93850216 A EP93850216 A EP 93850216A EP 93850216 A EP93850216 A EP 93850216A EP 0611703 B1 EP0611703 B1 EP 0611703B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
sleeve
reclosing
foil
plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93850216A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0611703A2 (fr
EP0611703A3 (fr
Inventor
Lars Christensson
Peter Christensson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akerlund and Rausing AB
Original Assignee
Akerlund and Rausing AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akerlund and Rausing AB filed Critical Akerlund and Rausing AB
Publication of EP0611703A2 publication Critical patent/EP0611703A2/fr
Publication of EP0611703A3 publication Critical patent/EP0611703A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0611703B1 publication Critical patent/EP0611703B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D15/00Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, sections made of different materials
    • B65D15/22Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, sections made of different materials of polygonal cross-section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D43/00Lids or covers for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D43/14Non-removable lids or covers
    • B65D43/16Non-removable lids or covers hinged for upward or downward movement
    • B65D43/163Non-removable lids or covers hinged for upward or downward movement the container and the lid being made separately
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006Upper closure
    • B65D2251/0018Upper closure of the 43-type
    • B65D2251/0021Upper closure of the 43-type of the B65D43/16-type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093Membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/10Tearable part of the container

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a tubular container made of a relatively soft and pliable material like cardboard, a relatively soft plastic material, a cardboard-plastic laminate or another soft and pliable material and of the type which is made of a plain, even punched-out blank of such a material, which is fold to form a tube which is closed at the bottom thereof and which, after having been filled with intended goods, is also closed at the top thereof, and which is formed with some type of reclosing means, so that the container can be reclosed under at least a powder proof condition after it has been opened for the first time.
  • Containers of this type are commonly used as dispensing containers for all kinds of dry, semi-dry or paste formed products, like flower, powder, grains, flakes, pastes etc, which goods need not necessarily be reclosed under liquid and gas proof conditions, but for which goods it is sufficient that the reclosing of the goods is made "powder proof".
  • Examples of such goods are coffee, tea, cocoa, carbon, salt, grains, powder etc.
  • such containers also have been used for liquid products.
  • the container is made so that the plain, punched-out blank, for instance the cardboard blank, is formed to a tube in that two side edges of the blank are fold together edge to edge, or are eventually placed slightly overlapping each other, and are secured in this position by being weld connected or glue connected, or still more preferably in that a weld or tape strip is placed over the interconnection joint; thereafter a cup-formed bottom piece is glued or welded to the bottom end of the container tube, in case the container tube is to be filled from the top; the filling alternatively can be made from the bottom, whereby the top is closed first; the container is filled with the intended goods; and it is finally formed with a top closure, which in this case should be of a type making the container reclosable, whereby is meant that is should be possible to repeatedly open the container for dispensing the goods thereof and thereafter to reclose the container under at least powder proof conditions.
  • a top closure which in this case should be of a type making the container reclosable, whereby is meant that is should be possible to repeatedly
  • the container top generally has been formed as a separate unit, as for instance the reclosing top of the type shown in applicant's US patent 5.050,763, and which comprises en edge frame which can be secured on the upper edge of an open container tube, and a reclosing lid which is hinge connectd to said edge frame.
  • This type of reclosing lids generally have been made of relatively hard plastic materials which both give the upper edge of the container a good stability and also makes it possible to reclose the container a large number of times by means of the hinge connected lid part.
  • a reclosing means of the above mentioned type, which is manufactured separately and is thereafter mounted on the container tube is, however, both expensive as concerns the manufacture and the mounting thereof on the container tube, and it also can causes certain problems in case the container is to be made completely recycleable, since the container top must is such cases be removed from the container before the container be recycled or destructed.
  • the container is formed with an integral lid which always accompanies the container and which is made of the same type of material as the remaining parts of the container, in the present case of a relatively soft cardboard material or a plastic-cardboard laminate.
  • This is advantageous in that the lid is always at hand, and that the container as a complete is recycleable or can be destructed without the need of removing any parts of the container.
  • a container of this type having an integrated reclosing lid is known from the US patent 2,152,400 ( D. Da Rold).
  • Said container comprises a container tube which can be made of, for instance, a cardboard material and which has an integrated reclosing top formed as a type of plug which is in part introduced into the upper end of the container.
  • the reclosing top is formed as a part which is separated from the container tube, separated therefrom by a weakening line which can be torn open, and which extends round only a part of the container tube, thereby leaving a little part which is integral with the container tube and which acts as a hinge for the reclosing top.
  • the container shown in the said patent may seem to be a good container for certain types of goods, but the container has not gained any success on the market.
  • the reason therefore may be that the container, if made of a soft cardboard material, is so soft that it may be difficult to press the reclosing plug into the upper end of the opened container tube, and that the upper edge of the container tube by time becomes damaged so that it is no longer possible to close the container by means of the reclosing top.
  • the material from which the container tube is made is very stable, and this can hardly be provided by means of a cardboard material, or the tube must be formed so as to become stabilized in one way or another.
  • the container tube is formed with a concave peripheral groove at a place corresponding to the bottom of the reclosing plug, but it is not stated in the patent that said groove is intended to stabilize the tube but is only attended to form a shoulder against which the bottom edge of the reclosing top engages in its closed position. If the container is seized at the vertical sides thereof the container will irrevocably be pressed together and this may make it more difficult, or even impossible, to press the reclosing plug into the open mouth of the container.
  • the said known container also has an insufficient storing tightness, whereby is meant the tightness before the container is opened for the first time ever.
  • the object of the present invention therefore has been to provide a container of a cardboard material of the initially mentioned type having an integrated reclosing part in the form of a re-useable reclosing plug, which is hinge connected or otherwise connected to the container,
  • a container in which the container top is formed with an inner reclosing plug which is fixedly connected to the upper part of the container tube or sleeve, in which the container sleeve all around same or mainly along three, out of four sides, is formed with a weakening means, for instance a perforation, for making it possible to release the part of the container sleeve located above the perforation line, together with the reclosing plug, whereby this is made either in that the entire top together with the reclosing plug is removed, or in that said part is rotated up about a hinge which is formed by the non-perforated part (side) of the container sleeve, and in which the container sleeve, for stabilizing the upper part of the container, has a sealing foil or a sealing disc of cardboard or a cardboard-plastic-laminate adjacent the bottom surface of the reclosing plug when in closed position, which foil or disc is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the container sleeve, and
  • figure 1 is a perspective view of a container according to the invention in its not yet opened condition and seen obliquely from above.
  • Figure 2 shows the same container with a half opened reclosing part.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section along line III-III of figure 1.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross section in part along line IV-IV of figure 1
  • figure 5 is a cross section view, in part, along line V-V of figure 2.
  • Figure 6, finally, shows a sequency comprising six sketches, a-f, of a method of making and filling a container according to the invention.
  • the container shown in the drawings is formed as an integral unit made from a plain, evenblank of a relatively soft andpliable material and comprising a container tube or sleeve 1 having a top 2 and a bottom 3, and further comprising a sealing inner closure foil 4 and a reclosing plug 5 provided at the top of the container.
  • a perforation 6 is provided a slight distance below the top 2 of the container sleeve 1, which perforation extends round the container sleeve or round the greatest part of the container sleeve. In the latter case the perforation leaves a part of the container sleeve un-perforated, whereby it forms a hinge about which the lid part, formed above said perforation 6, can be rotatated together with the reclosing plug.
  • the container as a complete unit, is intended to mainly be made of a recycleable material like cardboard, or an internally plastic laminated or wax treated cardboard material which gives the container at least a powder tightness or eventually a liquid tightness or even a gas proof sealing before the container has been opened for the first time.
  • the container can be made with any cross section shape, for instance a circular or oval cross section shape, or with a polygonal cross section shape with sharp corners. In the drawings, however, there is shown a preferred container having a square or rectangular cross section shape with rounded corners.
  • the container sleeve is manufactured, as known, from an even cardboard blank 7 which is formed with a perforation 6 on a slight distance below the upper edge 8 of the container sleeve and extending along the entire width, or along the greatest part adjacent the upper edge 8, see figure 6a.
  • the blank 7 is fold round a (not illustrated) mandrel, so that the two side edges 9 and 10 meet edge to edge, and the blank is sealed to a tube or sleeve by means of an inner and/or outer sealing strip 11 which is welded or glued over the joint between the edges 9 and 10, see figure 6b.
  • the container sleeve is thereafter closed at one end, optionally at the bottom or at the top, before it is filled from and closed at the opposite end.
  • the filling can be made from the top, but since the top is generally more complicated than the bottom it is ofter preferred to firstly close the container at the top and thereafter to turn the container upside down and fill same from the bottom and to close the container as shown in figures 6e and 6f.
  • the top closing is made as conventional, for instance by means of a mandrel which presses a piece of material through a formation ring, forms same to a closing blank having fold up rims and presses the sealing foil or the sealing disc 4 thereby formed down into the open top of the container sleeve.
  • the fold up rims of the foil or cardboard disc 4 are glued or welded, for instance high frequency welded, to the inner sides of the container sleeve 1 some distance below the upper edge 8 and a slight distance below the perforation 6, see figure 6c.
  • an end closure plug 5 is formed, for instance by a suitable cardboard material, which plug comprises a bottom 12 having fold up rims.
  • the plug 5 should be so high that it can easily and effectively be pressed down as a reclosing means in an opened container, whereby the bottom 12 of the plug should reach as far down as to just above the fold up rims of upper edges of the sealing foil 4.
  • the plug also should be located, with the upper edge 13 thereof a slight distance below the upper edge 8 of the container sleeve 1.
  • the upwardly projecting part of the sleeve is fold down over the upper edge 13 of the plug 5 and is fixed thereto by being weld connected and/or by means of glue, hot-melt or a similar means.
  • the closure plug 5 thereby provides a fixedly connected unit which is integral with the lid part 14 of the ready container appearing above the perforation 6, see figure 6d.
  • the container now is turned upside down and is filled with a material 15, figure 6e, and it is thereafter closed at the bottom by means of a closing foil or disc 16 in the form of a bottom disc having fold up rims (fold down in the upright position of the container).
  • a closing foil or disc 16 in the form of a bottom disc having fold up rims (fold down in the upright position of the container).
  • the bottom edge of the container sleeve is fold or rolled inwards over the outwardly facing edges of the bottom closing means 16.
  • the interconnection of the side edges 9 and 10 of the container sleeve 1 preferably is made centrally of a straight side, either centrally of a short side as shown in the drawings, or optionally centrally of a long side of the container.
  • the hinge, about which the lid part 14 can be rotated, preferably is provided on the side where the sleeve edges 9 and 10 have been joined. Upon need the hinge can be reinforced by means of an inner and/or outer strip of tape, so that the lid part 14 can be opened and reclosed a great many times without breaking the hinge.
  • the container thus formed, filled and closed is opened in that the weakening line or perforation 6 extending round, or along three of the sides of the container is broken open.
  • the weakening line or perforation 6 extending round, or along three of the sides of the container is broken open.
  • this can be done easily and simply.
  • a special feature of the invention is that the container, adjacent the upper edge and just under the bottom 12 of the reclosing plug 5 and directly under the perforation 6, is formed with a closure foil or a carboard disc 4 which fulfills three different purposes, namely
  • the closing or sealing foil can be made of a cardboard material, for instance of the same type of material as in the container sleeeve, but is has shown, in practice, that it is quite sufficient to form the closing foil of a thinner material, such as a paper foil, a foil of paper-plastic-laminate or as a plastic foil.
  • a cardboard-plastic laminate which both gives the container a very good stability adjacent the upper edge, and also makes it possible to close the container under gas proof condition before the container has been opened for the first time.
  • the closing foil or disc 4 is formed with an opening means 17 which can be torn open, and which is formed as a tear opening means adjacent the edge which is opposed the edge having the hinge 18.
  • the opening should be so much smaller than the cross section area of the container as to leave an all around the opening extending frame of at least one tenth of the width of the closing foil, for instance 3-5 mm för a container having a width/length of about 7/12 cm. Said frame guarantees a maintained stability of the container even after the openingmeans 17 has been torn open.
  • the opening is shows as a triangular tearing opening 17 which can be formed with, or without, a tear open strip for facilitating the opening thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Conteneur tubulaire constitué d'un matériau pliable et relativement souple tel que du carton, un matériau en matière plastique relativement souple, un stratifié carton-matière plastique ou un autre matériau souple et pliable et du type qui est constitué d'une ébauche poinçonnée plane (7) d'un tel matériau, laquelle ébauche est pliée en manchon ou tube (1) et est fermée au niveau de la partie supérieure (2) et au niveau de la partie inférieure (3) et est munie de certains types de moyens de refermeture (14), de sorte que le conteneur, après qu'il a été ouvert pour la première fois, peut être refermé dans un état au moins étanche aux poudres, dans lequel la partie supérieure du conteneur (2) est munie d'un bouchon de refermeture intérieure (5) qui est relié de manière fixe à la partie la plus supérieure (14) du manchon formant conteneur (1), où le manchon formant conteneur (1), tout autour de celui-ci ou le long de la plus grande partie de sa périphérie, est muni de moyens d'affaiblissement, par exemple une perforation (6), pour rendre possible de libérer la partie (14) du manchon formant conteneur (1) située au-dessus de la perforation (6) avec le bouchon de refermeture (5) et de les enlever ou mettre en rotation ladite partie (14) autour d'une articulation (18) fournie par une partie non-perforée du manchon formant conteneur (1), caractérisé en ce que le manchon formant conteneur (1) pour stabiliser les côtés au niveau de la partie supérieure du conteneur a des moyens d'étanchéité ayant la forme d'un disque ou d'une feuille (4) qui est relié de manière fixe aux côtés intérieurs du manchon formant conteneur, et lequel disque ou feuille a des moyens d'ouverture de distribution (17) qui peuvent être ouverts.
  2. Conteneur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le disque ou feuille d'étanchéité/fermeture (4) est agencé en dessous de la perforation (6), à une distance telle que la partie inférieure (12) du bouchon de refermeture (5), lorsqu'il est fermé, sera située juste au-dessus desdits moyens d'étanchéité (4).
  3. Conteneur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le disque ou feuille d'étanchéité/fermeture (4) est muni de rebords repliés, et en ce que le bouchon de refermeture (5) est agencé en ayant son fond (12) situé juste au-dessus des rebords repliés du disque ou feuille d'étanchéité/fermeture (4), lorsque ledit bouchon de refermeture (5) est dans son état fermé.
  4. Conteneur selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le disque ou feuille d'étanchéité/fermeture (4) rend étanche le conteneur avant que le conteneur n'ait été ouvert, et en ce que ledit disque ou feuille (4) est muni de moyens pour ouvrir par déchirement une ouverture de distribution (17) qui a une dimension telle qu'elle laisse, après qu'elle a été ouverte par déchirement, une marge formant cadre s'étendant tout autour contre le manchon formant conteneur (1) sur au moins 1/10ème de la largeur de ladite feuille.
  5. Conteneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le conteneur est entièrement constitué d'un matériau recyclable, par exemple du carton, une matière plastique souple ou un stratifié carton-matière plastique.
  6. Conteneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le manchon formant conteneur (1) a une section transversale ovale, carrée ou rectangulaire.
  7. Conteneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le manchon formant conteneur (1) a une forme parallélépipèdique ayant des coins arrondis en section transversale, et en ce que le manchon formant conteneur, dans le dernier cas mentionné, est relié (9, 10) au ou à proximité du centre d'une partie rectiligne d'un côté, et en ce que l'articulation (18) autour de laquelle le bouchon de refermeture (14) peut être mis en rotation par rapport au manchon formant conteneur (1) est agencé sur le même côté.
  8. Conteneur selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le manchon formant conteneur (1) est relié bord à bord (9, 10), par l'intermédiaire d'une bande de liaison intérieure et/ou extérieure (11).
  9. Conteneur selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'articulation (18) autour de laquelle le bouchon de refermeture (14) peut être mis en rotation par rapport au tube formant conteneur (1) est renforcée par une bande de renforcement intérieure et/ou extérieure, par exemple une bande de ruban.
  10. Conteneur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le manchon formant conteneur (1) est perforé tout autour de celui-ci, et en ce que la partie de fermeture (14) ayant le bouchon de refermeture (5) est formée en tant que moyens de refermeture amovibles et pouvant être réinsérés.
EP93850216A 1993-02-19 1993-11-12 Récipient comportant un couvercle enfichable intégré Expired - Lifetime EP0611703B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9300555 1993-02-19
SE9300555A SE500934C2 (sv) 1993-02-19 1993-02-19 Förpackning med integrerad återförslutningsplugg

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0611703A2 EP0611703A2 (fr) 1994-08-24
EP0611703A3 EP0611703A3 (fr) 1995-05-31
EP0611703B1 true EP0611703B1 (fr) 1997-05-14

Family

ID=20388956

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93850216A Expired - Lifetime EP0611703B1 (fr) 1993-02-19 1993-11-12 Récipient comportant un couvercle enfichable intégré

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0611703B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69310705T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2104116T3 (fr)
SE (1) SE500934C2 (fr)

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EP0878409B1 (fr) * 1997-05-14 2001-09-05 Werner Grabher Boíte munie d'une membrane de fermeture en feuille et d'un capuchon à enclenchement
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2152400A (en) * 1936-10-26 1939-03-28 Heinrich Hermann Heer Container
SE8804229L (sv) * 1988-11-23 1990-05-24 Akerlund & Rausing Licens Ab Aaterfoerslutningsanordning foer plant avskurna foerpackningar

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018009128A1 (fr) 2016-07-06 2018-01-11 Å&R Carton Lund Aktiebolag Procédé de production et de remplissage d'un récipient d'emballage
US11072444B2 (en) 2016-07-06 2021-07-27 Ar Packaging Systems Ab Method of producing and filling a packaging container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2104116T3 (es) 1997-10-01
SE9300555L (sv) 1994-08-20
EP0611703A2 (fr) 1994-08-24
DE69310705D1 (de) 1997-06-19
DE69310705T2 (de) 1997-10-30
EP0611703A3 (fr) 1995-05-31
SE9300555D0 (sv) 1993-02-19
SE500934C2 (sv) 1994-10-03

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