EP0611584A1 - Vorrichtung zur Luftregenerierung in einem geschlossenen Behälter - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Luftregenerierung in einem geschlossenen Behälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0611584A1
EP0611584A1 EP94400259A EP94400259A EP0611584A1 EP 0611584 A1 EP0611584 A1 EP 0611584A1 EP 94400259 A EP94400259 A EP 94400259A EP 94400259 A EP94400259 A EP 94400259A EP 0611584 A1 EP0611584 A1 EP 0611584A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
regenerated
carbon dioxide
heat exchanger
hand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94400259A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0611584B1 (de
Inventor
Albert James Kussener
Pierre Résidence Le Sintonia Rouzies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
Original Assignee
Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Publication of EP0611584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0611584A1/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B11/00—Devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air regeneration device in a closed or almost closed enclosure having an autonomous operating energy, the production of which requires the use of a material stored in cryogenic form.
  • Maintaining the air quality in a closed enclosure such as the cabin of a submarine is a complex operation since it requires producing the oxygen necessary for the breathing of the crew members, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air which tends to increase significantly due to human respiration and to remove organic pollutants from the air produced by human activity.
  • the regeneration of the air in the cockpit of submarines is done by chemical or electrochemical processes ensuring the functions of oxygen production and elimination of carbon dioxide and pollutants.
  • Oxygen is also generated, either by electrolysis of water, or from liquid oxygen, or by chemical reaction using an alkali metal chlorate or an alkali metal superoxide.
  • the removal of carbon dioxide is generally carried out using molecular sieves or by absorption, for example with amines.
  • the removal of pollutants is carried out using active carbon absorbers or catalytic beds.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to produce an air regeneration device having a very reduced energy consumption, therefore particularly suitable for an anaerobic system such as a submarine having only a reserve of limited energy.
  • the object of the invention is therefore an air regeneration device in a closed or almost-closed enclosure having an autonomous operating energy using a material stored in cryogenic form, comprising a heat exchanger operating at pressure. atmospheric to exchange heat between the air to be regenerated on the one hand and the cryogenic material on the other hand, the heating of the cryogenic material to its operating temperature allowing the cooling of the carbon dioxide contained in the air to regenerate so as to change carbon dioxide from the gaseous state to the solid state.
  • the device according to the invention as defined above can thus be used in a submarine, the cold source being constituted by all or part of the mass of liquid oxygen on board which has a refrigerating capacity largely sufficient to cool the air to regenerate and condense carbon dioxide.
  • the oxidant used for combustion is oxygen stored in cryogenic form in a tank, intended for use in fuel cells, internal combustion heat engines such as as diesel engines, thermal internal combustion engines such as Stirling engines or other systems implementing fuel oxidation reactions.
  • This oxygen which is at a temperature of approximately -170 ° C., must therefore be reheated before it can be used. This raises the temperature of the gaseous oxygen to -20 ° C at the inlet of the submarine engine.
  • the principle of the invention consists in using a heat exchanger 10 which receives cryogenic oxygen from the storage tank 12 on the one hand, and the air to be regenerated by the other on the other hand air inlet 14 at atmospheric pressure.
  • the liquid oxygen loses its frigories (or acquires calories) and therefore heats up to reach a temperature of about -20 ° C at the oxygen outlet 16.
  • the air to be regenerated is cooled in the exchanger 10 to a temperature of approximately -135 ° C. and is discharged through the outlet of regenerated air 18.
  • the temperature reached by the air being lower than the solidification temperature (-78 , 5 ° C) carbon dioxide gas at atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide solidifies with the passage of air in the exchanger and can therefore be easily recovered at the outlet of the latter.
  • the air at outlet 18 is therefore rid of the excess carbon dioxide due mainly to human respiration in the closed enclosure.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the air to be regenerated powered by a fan 20 is first sent to an annex heat exchanger or cold recuperator 22 before reaching the heat exchanger 10.
  • the air which penetrates into the latter through the inlet 14 is therefore pre-cooled air.
  • the air cooled at the outlet 18 of the exchanger 10 is therefore heated in contact with the air at room temperature in the cold recuperator 22.
  • the solid carbon dioxide is recovered at the outlet of the heat exchanger 10.
  • the air propelled by the fan 20 in the cold recuperator 22 cools down sufficiently for the excess water vapor contained in the air to be regenerated is liquefied.
  • the liquid water is collected at the outlet 24 of the recuperator 22 and part of this water is then recycled into the humidifier 26 to restore the degree of humidity of the air regenerated at the outlet, while the excess water is collected at exit 30.
  • the air to be regenerated contains various pollutants which are either dissolved in the recovered water or condensed at the same time as carbon dioxide at low temperatures.
  • pollutants are pentane, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, benzene and benzene derivatives, carbon tetrachloride, certain nitrogen oxides, certain freons ...
  • the air regenerated at outlet 28 may still be too cold to be sent into the passenger compartment.
  • One solution is to reheat it with a hot spring such as sea water.
  • the heat transfer in the exchanger 10 can be carried out, for safety reasons, by means of an intermediate heat transfer fluid so as to avoid conveying the liquid oxygen to near air circuits.
  • a first solution consists in evacuating the carbon dioxide to the outside: the heat exchanger is isolated and the arrival of oxygen is stopped. The temperature increases and the pressure rises until it reaches a pressure sufficient to eject the carbon dioxide outside or store it in a compressed form.
  • a second solution consists in reheating the isolated exchanger until the CO2 is liquefied, for example at 5 bars and -52 ° C. Liquid CO2 can be pumped out.
  • the exchanger is heated to a temperature between -105 ° C and -75 ° C. At this time the CO2 is gaseous at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 bar. It can then be compressed outwards by means of a compressor.
  • the fourth solution consists in heating the exchanger to a temperature such that the vapor pressure is sufficient to supply a primary vacuum pump.
  • a temperature such that the vapor pressure is sufficient to supply a primary vacuum pump.
  • the vapor pressure of CO2 is around 0.01 bar. CO2 can therefore be compressed to atmospheric pressure and then released outside by a compressor. This solution is preferably used.
  • the implementation of the invention in a submarine powered by a Bertin Mesma type chemical engine is based on the following values: 02 motor consumption: 100kg / hour 02 temperature at the motor inlet: -20 ° C number of people: 30 WHERE human consumption: 25 l / man / hour CO2 human production: 20 l / man / hour CO2 content in the passenger compartment: ⁇ 0.7% average temperature: 20 ° C
  • the device of the invention has been described in connection with a submarine, it can obviously be used for any system comprising a closed or almost-closed enclosure and having an autonomous energy source using a material stored at very low temperature, the energy source being used for propulsion or something else.
  • the device of the invention in an airplane for which it is sought to minimize the renewal of the cabin air for reasons of fuel economy.
  • the cold source that the atmosphere constitutes may be sufficient for pollutants and water vapor.
  • Another application of the device of the invention is its use in an aircraft or a space shuttle.
  • this type of device it is planned to take a significant amount (several tens of tonnes) of liquid hydrogen and sometimes liquid oxygen. Consequently, it is easy to use the device of the invention to obtain a regeneration of the atmosphere of the closed cabin, thanks to the frigories recovered by heating the cryogenic materials.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
EP19940400259 1993-02-15 1994-02-08 Vorrichtung zur Luftregenerierung in einem geschlossenen Behälter Expired - Lifetime EP0611584B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9301677 1993-02-15
FR9301677A FR2701547B1 (fr) 1993-02-15 1993-02-15 Dispositif de régénération de l'air dans une enceinte fermée.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0611584A1 true EP0611584A1 (de) 1994-08-24
EP0611584B1 EP0611584B1 (de) 2000-08-23

Family

ID=9444064

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940400259 Expired - Lifetime EP0611584B1 (de) 1993-02-15 1994-02-08 Vorrichtung zur Luftregenerierung in einem geschlossenen Behälter

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0611584B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2115632C (de)
DE (1) DE69425596T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2149848T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2701547B1 (de)
PT (1) PT611584E (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102720531A (zh) * 2012-07-02 2012-10-10 北京科技大学 一种适用于矿山避难硐室的制冷除湿系统和方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2499622C1 (ru) * 2012-08-30 2013-11-27 Военный институт (военно-морской политехнический) федерального государственного казенного военного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Способ контроля степени отработки электролита в системах электрохимической регенерации воздуха совмещенного типа подводных лодок

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775976A (en) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-04 Us Navy Lox heat sink system for underwater thermal propulsion system
FR2209597A1 (en) * 1972-12-08 1974-07-05 Comp Generale Electricite Electrolytic separator of carbon dioxide from oxygen - to purify air for re-use in submarines etc.
EP0041702A2 (de) * 1980-06-06 1981-12-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Vorrichtung zur Züchtung von Mikroorganismen durch Belüftung
DE3235564A1 (de) * 1982-09-25 1984-04-26 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Vorrichtung zum abschneiden von kohlendioxid aus der raumluft
US4891939A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-01-09 Tecnomare S.P.A. System for the cryogenic processing and storage of combustion products of heat engines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775976A (en) * 1972-05-26 1973-12-04 Us Navy Lox heat sink system for underwater thermal propulsion system
FR2209597A1 (en) * 1972-12-08 1974-07-05 Comp Generale Electricite Electrolytic separator of carbon dioxide from oxygen - to purify air for re-use in submarines etc.
EP0041702A2 (de) * 1980-06-06 1981-12-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Vorrichtung zur Züchtung von Mikroorganismen durch Belüftung
DE3235564A1 (de) * 1982-09-25 1984-04-26 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn Vorrichtung zum abschneiden von kohlendioxid aus der raumluft
US4891939A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-01-09 Tecnomare S.P.A. System for the cryogenic processing and storage of combustion products of heat engines

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102720531A (zh) * 2012-07-02 2012-10-10 北京科技大学 一种适用于矿山避难硐室的制冷除湿系统和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2115632C (fr) 2005-05-10
PT611584E (pt) 2001-01-31
CA2115632A1 (fr) 1994-08-16
FR2701547B1 (fr) 1995-03-31
DE69425596T2 (de) 2001-01-04
EP0611584B1 (de) 2000-08-23
FR2701547A1 (fr) 1994-08-19
ES2149848T3 (es) 2000-11-16
DE69425596D1 (de) 2000-09-28

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