EP0610608A1 - Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung - Google Patents
Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0610608A1 EP0610608A1 EP93200382A EP93200382A EP0610608A1 EP 0610608 A1 EP0610608 A1 EP 0610608A1 EP 93200382 A EP93200382 A EP 93200382A EP 93200382 A EP93200382 A EP 93200382A EP 0610608 A1 EP0610608 A1 EP 0610608A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- hardcopy
- less
- silver
- processing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- -1 Silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 7
- QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4z)-1-(3-methylbutyl)-4-[[1-(3-methylbutyl)quinolin-1-ium-4-yl]methylidene]quinoline;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C12=CC=CC=C2N(CCC(C)C)C=CC1=CC1=CC=[N+](CCC(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C12 QGKMIGUHVLGJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole Chemical compound SC1=NN=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 GGZHVNZHFYCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006224 matting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M merocyanine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1N(CCCC)C(=O)N(CCCC)C(=O)C1=C\C=C\C=C/1N(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2O\1 DZVCFNFOPIZQKX-LTHRDKTGSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004285 Potassium sulphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC2=NNN=C21 LRUDIIUSNGCQKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1h-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)N2NC=NC2=N1 INVVMIXYILXINW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ketodiacetal Natural products O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-2,3-dichloro-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\Cl)=C(/Cl)C=O LUMLZKVIXLWTCI-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical class C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol Chemical compound OC1OCCOC1O YLVACWCCJCZITJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3,5-di(prop-2-enoyl)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)N1CN(C(=O)C=C)CN(C(=O)C=C)C1 FYBFGAFWCBMEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxido-1,3-thiazole Chemical class [O-]S1=CN=C=C1 YGDWUQFZMXWDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-tetrazol-1-ium-5-thiolate Chemical class SC1=NN=NN1 JAAIPIWKKXCNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-triazine-6-thione Chemical class SC1=CC=NN=N1 HAZJTCQWIDBCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloro-1h-1,3,5-triazin-4-one Chemical compound OC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 YKUDHBLDJYZZQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Br)=NC2=C1 PHPYXVIHDRDPDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC(Cl)=NC2=C1 AYPSHJCKSDNETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-1h-benzimidazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2NC([N+](=O)[O-])=NC2=C1 KRTDQDCPEZRVGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propanol Substances CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazol-4-amine Chemical class NC1=CNN=N1 JSIAIROWMJGMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical class N1=NC=CC2=C1N=NN2 CBHTTYDJRXOHHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1,3-thiazole-2-thione Chemical class SC1=NC=CS1 OCVLSHAVSIYKLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C)(CO)CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 DSVIHYOAKPVFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitro-1h-1,2,3-benzotriazole Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 UTMDJGPRCLQPBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-1,3-oxazole-2-thione Chemical compound S=C1OCC=N1 GIQKIFWTIQDQMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical class C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical class OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBGLHTDKCFKHTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S YBGLHTDKCFKHTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 Chemical class OC1=CC=NC2=NC=NN12 ISLYUUGUJKSGDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010055615 Zein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=S Chemical compound [Au]=S XEIPQVVAVOUIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001346 alkyl aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctanoic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F YOALFLHFSFEMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHLMRAUSOZPJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonothioamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 XHLMRAUSOZPJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002303 citric acid monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004691 decahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012631 diagnostic technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-oxo-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound SS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AKCUHGBLDXXTOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYASEAQTEQVOJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-phenyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{4}-sulfane Chemical compound OS(=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 WYASEAQTEQVOJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N isomaltotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)O1 FZWBNHMXJMCXLU-BLAUPYHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N mucochloric acid Natural products OC1OC(=O)C(Cl)=C1Cl ZAKLKBFCSHJIRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004957 nitroimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxymethurea Chemical compound OCNC(=O)NCO QUBQYFYWUJJAAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005308 oxymethurea Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000191 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002006 poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UGZVCHWAXABBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridin-1-ium-1-carboxamide Chemical class NC(=O)[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 UGZVCHWAXABBHR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2-thiol Chemical class SC1=NC=CC=N1 HBCQSNAFLVXVAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole-4-thiol Chemical class SC1=CSN=N1 JJJPTTANZGDADF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/30—Hardeners
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/043—Polyalkylene oxides; Polyalkylene sulfides; Polyalkylene selenides; Polyalkylene tellurides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03511—Bromide content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03558—Iodide content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C2200/00—Details
- G03C2200/39—Laser exposure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
Definitions
- This invention relates to a silver halide light-sensitive material for medical X-ray diagnosis and a system for reproducing images on said material for use as a hardcopy of electronically stored images.
- a laser imager is a digital system containing a high performance digital computer. Instead of just printing the images, the incoming images can be stored temporarily in an electronic memory and the data as well as the lay-out of the images can be manipulated before actually being printed on a film.
- This electronic memory offers the possibility to buffer the incoming data from several diagnostic modalities by means of an image network, which is a real advantage in comparison with e.g. CRT imaging wherein the hard copy is exposed image by image. In that case, while one examination is taking place, the imager is unavailable for others and as a result, each diagnostic unit requires a separate CRT imager.
- the photographic hardcopy material used in the laser imagers, combines an excellent image quality with the appropriate physical properties, necessary for an error free filmhandling by the imager.
- image quality the photographic material preferably has high sharpness, a good image tone of the developed silver, and the appropriate contrast values to allow a high maximum density and crisp alfanumerics.
- the access time of the laser hardcopy material should be as short as possible.
- Factors responsible for delayed rates at which the process proceeds may be the exposure time of the film by the laser, the transport time before exposure to the system and after exposure to an automatic processor, and the processing time, dry-to-dry, of the hardcopy material.
- the exposure time and transport time are dependant on specific features of the laser source, the mechanical construction of the system and the dimensions of the hardcopy material
- the processing time is especially determined by the film characteristics and the chemicals used in the processing cycle. Typical modern processors have dry-to-dry cycles of less than 60 seconds, more preferable less than or equal to 50 seconds.
- Hardener free chemistry offers higher convenience with regard to ecology, manipulation and regeneration of chemicals in the automatic processor provided that the hardcopy material has the expected sensitometric results as e.g. sensitivity, gradation and maximum density within restricted processing time limits.
- the hardening agent reduces the drying time in the automatic processor by crosslinking the gelatin chains of the photographic material, thereby reducing the water adsorption of said material. Therefore, a photographic material suited for hardener free processing should be forehardened during emulsion coating in order to allow a short dry-to-dry processing cycle.
- a medical laser hardcopy material comprising a support and on only one side thereof at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein said material has a hardening degree corresponding with a water absorption of less than or equal to 8 g/m2 at the emulsion side, the said water absorption being measured as follows:
- the present invention provides a method of reproducing an electronically stored medical image on a hardcopy material by image-wise exposure of a silver halide material as referred to hereinbefore with an electronically energized laser followed by development processing in processing baths free from hardening agents in less than 50 seconds from dry to dry.
- This method is capable of providing per minute at least 4 consecutive sheets with a size format of 17"x14" of the said silver halide light-sensitive hardcopy material of medical, electronically stored images.
- the hardcopy material in accordance with this invention is particularly useful for the reproduction of electronically stored medical images by means of a laser recorder.
- Said hardcopy material essentially is a silver halide photographic material comprising a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer on one side of said support.
- Said at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprises cubic silver bromide or silver bromoiodide crystals with an amount of at most 3 mole% of iodide.
- the silver halide emulsions have monodisperse silver bromide or silver bromoiodide crystals. A monodisperse size distribution is obtained when 95% of the grains have a size that does not deviate more than 30% from the average grain size.
- Cubic crystals are especially preferred as they allow rapid processing. In principle the same is possible with flat tabular crystals but, due to their heterogeneous silver halide grain distribution, their gradation is too low and due to the light-reflection of the developed silver which is situated at longer wavelengths the image tone is not neutral but shifted to a reddish brown colour.
- the silver bromide or silver bromoiodide emulsions used in accordance with this invention may be prepared by mixing the halide and silver salt solutions in partially or fully controlled conditions of temperature, concentrations, sequence of addition, and rates of addition.
- the silver halide is preferably precipitated according to the double-jet method, in the presence of a colloid binder in a temperature controlled vessel provided with a solution inlet and stirring unit.
- a preferred precipitation technique is the double-jet method, wherein the silver ion concentration is controlled during the precipitation and wherein the flow rate of the reacting solutions is enhanced as the precipitation proceeds, at such a rate that no renucleation appears.
- This method offers the possiblity to get well-defined crystals having a regular cubic habit within a short precipitation time.
- Preferred cubic silverbromide or silver bromoioidide crystals have a crystal size between 0.1 and 0.4 ⁇ m and even more preferably between 0.30 and 0.35 ⁇ m for reasons of image tone of the developed silver halide crystals. As a result a high covering power of the developed grains is obtained.
- Colloidal binders used during the silver halide precipitation are hydrophilic binders such as the frequently used gelatin.
- Gelatin may, however, be replaced in part or integrallly by synthetic, semi-synthetic, or natural polymers.
- Synthetic substitutes for gelatin are e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl imidazole, polyvinyl pyrazole, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, and derivatives thereof, in particular copolymers thereof.
- Natural substitutes for gelatin are e.g. other proteins such as zein, albumin and casein, cellulose, saccharides, starch, and alginates.
- the semi-synthetic substitutes for gelatin are modified natural products e.g. gelatin derivatives obtained by conversion of gelatin with alkylating or acylating agents, by grafting of polymerizable monomers on gelatin or prehardened gelatins with blocked functional groups as a consequence of this prehardening treatment, and cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, phthaloyl cellulose, and cellulose sulphates.
- modified natural products e.g. gelatin derivatives obtained by conversion of gelatin with alkylating or acylating agents, by grafting of polymerizable monomers on gelatin or prehardened gelatins with blocked functional groups as a consequence of this prehardening treatment
- cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, phthaloyl cellulose, and cellulose sulphates.
- the binder should of course dispose of an acceptably high number of functional groups, which by reaction with an appropriate hardening agent can provide a sufficiently resistant layer.
- functional groups are especially the amino groups, but also carboxylic groups, hydroxy groups, and active methylene groups.
- Another substitute for gelatin may be silica as has been described in EP-Applications 392 092, 517 961 and EP 91202082.3 filed August 15,1991.
- gelatin may be lime-treated or acid-treated.
- the preparation of such gelatin types has been described in e.g. "The Science and Technology of Gelatin", edited by A.G. Ward and A. Courts, Academic Press 1977, page 295 and next pages.
- the gelatin may also be an enzyme-treated gelatin as described in Bull. Soc. Sci. Phot. Japan, N° 16, page 30 (1966).
- use is made of photographically inert gelatin so as to add a reproducible amount of chemical sensitizers at the end of the precipitation or after flocculation or washing or redispersing the silver halide emulsion.
- flocculating agents as e.g.
- polystyrene sulphonic acid etc. may be added before or after acidifying the emulsion.
- Other possibilities are offered by filtration techniques e.g. dialysis, ultrafiltration etc. so that the emulsion may be washed to a desired pAg value without the requirement to be redispersed afterwards.
- Emulsion flocculates need to be washed out by the addition of well-determined amounts of demineralized water, whether or not doped with small amounts of water-soluble salts.
- the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion is preferably chemically sensitized as to reach its required sensitivity as described i.a. in "Chimie et Physique Photographique” by P. Glafkides, in “Photographic Emulsion Chemistry” by G.F. Duffin, in “Making and Coating Photographic Emulsion” by V.L. Zelikman et al, and in "Die Grundlagen der Photographischen mit Silberhalogeniden” edited by H. Frieser and published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (1968).
- chemical sensitization may be carried out by effecting the ripening in the presence of small amounts of compounds containing sulphur e.g.
- the emulsions may be sensitized also by means of gold-sulphur ripeners or by means of reductors e.g. tin compounds as described in GB-A 789,823, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine-sulphinic acids, and silane compounds.
- reductors e.g. tin compounds as described in GB-A 789,823, amines, hydrazine derivatives, formamidine-sulphinic acids, and silane compounds.
- Chemical sensitization may also be performed with small amounts of Ir, Rh, Ru, Pb, Cd, Hg, Tl, Pd, Pt, or Au.
- One of these chemical sensitization methods or a combination thereof may be used.
- the silver halide crystals are predigested with weakly oxidizing compounds as e.g. thiosulphonic acids before being chemically ripened.
- weakly oxidizing compounds as e.g. thiosulphonic acids
- Chemical sensitization may occur in the presence of spectral sensitizers.
- the said spectral sensitizers have been chosen as a function of the laser source, showing a high light absorption at the exposure wavelength of the said laser source.
- Spectral sensitizers may be added partially before, partially after or integrally after chemical sensitization with a total amount needed to reach the optimal coverage degree.
- the light-sensitive silver halide emulsions may be spectrally sensitized with methine dyes such as those described by F.M. Hamer in "The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds", 1964, John Wiley & Sons.
- Dyes that may be used for the purpose of spectral sensitization include cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex cyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, holopolar cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dyes, styryl dyes and hemioxonol dyes.
- Particularly valuable dyes are those belonging to the cyanine dyes, merocyanine dyes, complex merocyanine dyes, rhodacyanine dyes.
- rhodacyanine dyes are preferred with chemical structures as described e.g. in EP-Application 473 209.
- Suitable supersensitizers are i.a. heterocyclic mercapto compounds containing at least one electronegative substituent as described e.g. in US-A 3,457,078, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring-substituted aminostilbene compounds as described e.g. in US-A 2,933,390 and US-A 3,635,721, aromatic organic acid/formaldehyde condensation products as described e.g. in US-A 3,743,510, cadmium salts, and azaindene compounds.
- the silver halide emulsion for use in accordance with the present invention may comprise compounds preventing the formation of fog or stabilizing the photographic characteristics during the production or storage of photographic elements or during the photographic treatment thereof.
- Many known compounds may be added as fog-inhibiting agent or stabilizer to the silver halide emulsion. Suitable examples are i.a.
- heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles, chlorobenzimidazoles, bromobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles , mercaptobenzimidazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles, aminotriazoles, benzotriazoles (preferably 5-methyl-benzotriazole), nitrobenzotriazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, in particular 1-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazole, mercaptopyrimidines, mercaptotriazines, benzothiazoline-2-thione, oxazoline-thione, triazaindenes, tetrazaindenes and pentazaindenes, especially those described by Birr in Z.
- benzothiazolium salts such as benzothiazolium salts, nitroimidazoles, nitrobenzimidazoles,
- Preferred stabilizers added to the emulsion in accordance with this invention are e.g. 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene, 1-phenyl-5- mercaptotetrazole etc., thioether substituted 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazoles as described in EP-Spec. 53 851 being more preferable, especially if they have a solubilizable group as those described in Research Disclosure No. 24236 (1984).
- the fog-inhibiting agents or stabilizers can be added to the silver halide emulsion prior to, during, or after the ripening thereof and mixtures of two or more of these compounds may be used.
- a mixture of two or more silver halide emulsions having the same or different crystal sizes, a different or the same chemical ripening treatment and a different or the same coverage degree with one or more equal or different spectral sensitizers as described before may be added to at least one silver halide emulsion layer.
- emulsion layer If more than one emulsion layer is coated onto one side of the support the same or different emulsions or emulsion mixtures may be present in the different layers. If the same emulsion or emulsion mixture is present in different emulsion layers it is a preferred embodiment to add distinct amounts of spectral sensitizer during chemical riping and/or preparation for coating so as to get a broader exposure latitude for the material according to the invention and less sensitometric fluctuations in the processing of the hardcopy material.
- a total amount of coated silver halide crystals is preferably less than 6 g/m2, so as to enable the unexposed silver halide crystals to be fixed entirely in the fixation step of the rapid processing cycle.
- the preferred homogeneous cubic crystals described hereinbefore enables the customer to reach the desired sensitometry (high gradation and high maximum density) within short processing times with such a low coating amount of silver. Besides the said crystals ensure the preferred black image tone.
- ingredients added to the emulsion layer(s), to an antihalation undercoat layer and/or to an antistress layer and/or to one or more backing layers are antihalation dyes, developing accelerators, plasticizers, hardeners, matting agents, thickening agents, surface active agents, polymers, antistatic agents, lubricants etc.
- Antihalation dyes are chosen as a function of the applied laser source.
- Preferred antihalation dyes in accordance with this invention are red light absorbing dyes.
- At least one antihalation dye is preferably added to at least one emulsion layer in amounts necessary to reduce light scattering phenomena leading to a better sharpness.
- Preferably antihalation dyes are added in variable amounts during coating so as to adjust the sensitivity of the material. So it may be advantageous to introduce the antihalation dye or dyes by means of a dosing feeder just before coating to adjust the sensitivity of the photographic material as required by the product specifications.
- the said antihalation dye or dyes may be present in the form of solutions thereof, in the form of a gelatinous dispersion or in a solid particle state.
- the same or different or a mixture of different developing accelerators may be added to at least one of the hydrophilic layers at the emulsion side. More preferably at least one development accelerator is added to at least one of the protective layers, preferably to the topcoat layer.
- Development acceleration may be accomplished with the aid of various compounds, preferably polyoxyalkylene derivatives having a molecular weight of at least 400 such as those described in e.g. US-A 3,038,805 - 4,038,075 - 4,292,400.
- Especially preferred developing accelerators are polyoxyethylenes containing recurrent thioether groups as described in DE 2 360 878.
- the photographic element used according to the present invention may further comprise various other additives such as e.g. compounds improving the dimensional stability of the photographic element, UV-absorbers, spacing agents, hardeners, and plasticizers.
- additives such as e.g. compounds improving the dimensional stability of the photographic element, UV-absorbers, spacing agents, hardeners, and plasticizers.
- Plasticizers suitable for incorporation in the emulsions according to the present invention are e.g. glycol, glycerine, or the latexes of neutral film forming polymers including polyvinylacetate, acrylates and methacrylates of lower alkanols, e.g. polyethylacrylate and polybutylmethacrylate.
- Suitable additives for improving the dimensional stability of the photographic element may be i.a. dispersions of a water-soluble or hardly soluble synthetic polymer e.g. polymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates , alkoxy(meth)acrylates , glycidyl (meth)acrylates, (meth)acrylamides , vinyl esters, acrylonitriles, olefins , and styrenes, or copolymers of the above with acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, Alpha-Beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates , sulphoalkyl (meth)acrylates , and styrene sulphonic acids.
- a water-soluble or soluble synthetic polymer e.g. polymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates , alkoxy(meth)acrylates , glycidyl (meth)acrylates, (meth)acryl
- Suitable UV-absorbers may be i.a. aryl-substituted benzotriazole compounds as described in US-A 3,533,794, 4-thiazolidone compounds as described in US-A 3,314,794 and 3,352,681, benzophenone compounds as described in JP-A 2784/71, cinnamic ester compounds as described in US-A 3,705,805 and 3,707,375, butadiene compounds as described in US-A 4,045,229, and benzoxazole compounds as described in US-A 3,700,455.
- the average particle size of spacing agents is comprised between 0.2 and 10 ⁇ m.
- Spacing agents may be soluble or insoluble in alkali. Alkali-insoluble spacing agents usually remain permanently in the photographic element, whereas alkali-soluble spacing agents usually are removed therefrom in an alkaline processing bath.
- Suitable spacing agents may be made i.a. of polymethyl methacrylate, of copolymers of acrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hexahydrophthalate. Other suitable spacing agents have been desribed in US-A 4,614,708.
- Matting agents used in the material in accordance with this invention are polymethylmethacrylate and/or silicium dioxide particles with a particle size diameter from 0.01 to 5 ⁇ m that are added to protective topcoat layer and more preferably from 0.025 to 2 ⁇ m.
- any thickening agent Prior to coating any thickening agent may be used so as to regulate the viscosity of the coating solution, provided that they do not particularly affect the photographic characteristics of the silver halide light-sensitive photographic material.
- Preferred thickening agents include aqueous polymers such as polystyrene sulphonic acid, dextran, sulphuric acid esters, polysaccharides, polymers having a sulphonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group or a phosphoric acid group as well as colloidal silicas.
- Polymeric thickeners well-known from the literature resulting in thickening of the coating solution may be used independently or in combination, even with colloidal silicas. Amounts may be suitably selected according to the kinds of silver halide and the kinds of layers or compounds to which these thickening agents are to be added. Patents concerning thickening agents are U.S. Patent No. 3.167.410, Belgian Patent No. 558.143 and JP OPI Nos. 53-18687 and 58-36768. Negative effects on physical stability possibly resulting from the addition of polymeric compounds can be avoided by exclusion of those compounds and restricting extra additions of colloidal silica.
- the emulsions prepared and coated in the photographic material for use in accordance with the present invention are particularly advantageous for the formation of very thin emulsion layers, e.g. layers with a layer thickness of less than 5 ⁇ m, containing less than 5 g of gelatin, preferably about 3 g/m2.
- Such thin coated layers offer the advantage that besides the rapid processing applicability and the rapid drying of the wet processed material an improvement in sharpness is observed.
- the photographic element of the present invention may further comprise various kinds of surface-active agents in the photographic emulsion layer or in at least one other hydrophilic colloid layer.
- Suitable surface-active agents include non-ionic agents such as saponins, alkylene oxides e.g.
- polyethylene glycol polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol condensation products, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers or polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol sorbitan esters, polyalkylene glycol alkylamines or alkylamides, silicone-polyethylene oxide adducts, glycidol derivatives, fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and alkyl esters of saccharides; anionic agents comprising an acid group such as a carboxy, sulpho, phospho, sulphuric or phosphoric ester group; ampholytic agents such as aminoacids, aminoalkyl sulphonic acids, aminoalkyl sulphates or phosphates, alkyl betaines, and amine-N-oxides; and cationic agents such as alkylamine salts, aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts, aliphatic or heterocyclic ring
- drying characteristics in the processor are mainly determined by the water adsorption of the hydrophylic layers of the photographic material, and since the water adsorption is directly proportional to the gelatin content of the layers and inversely proportional to the amount of hardener, added to the layer, its composition is optimized with a low gelatin content and a high hardening degree so as to attain the object of this invention to allow hardener free processing within 50 seconds dry-to-dry cycle time.
- a total amount of gelatin of less than 3 g/m2 per side is present.
- Hardeners may be added to the antistress layer before or during the coating procedure.
- the binders of the photographic element especially when the binder used is gelatin, can be hardened with appropriate hardening agents such as those of the epoxide type, those of the ethylenimine type, those of the vinylsulfone type e.g. 1-3-vinylsulphonyl-2-propanol, chromium salts e.g. chromium acetate and chromium alum, aldehydes e.g. formaldehyde, glyoxal, and glutaraldehyde, N-methylol compounds e.g.
- dimethylolurea and methyloldimethylhydantoin dioxan derivatives e.g. 2,3-dihydroxy-dioxan, active vinyl compounds e.g. 1,3,5-triacryloyl-hexahydro-s-triazine, active halogen compounds e.g. 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine, and mucohalogenic acids e.g. mucochloric acid and mucophenoxychloric acid.
- These hardeners can be used alone or in combination.
- the binders can also be hardened with fast-reacting hardeners such as carbamoylpyridinium salts.
- Preferred hardening agents in accordance with this invention are formaldehyd and phloroglucinol, added respectively to the protective layer(s) and to the emulsion layer(s).
- a hardening degree corresponding with a water absorption of the unexposed material of less than 8 g/m2 after immersion in demineralized water at 24°C during 10 minutes is employed.
- Backing layers applied to the material having at least one emulsion layer at one side of the hardcopy material used in accordance with this invention essentially contain hydrophilic colloids, one or more antihalation dye(s), matting agent(s), surfactant(s), antistatic agent(s), lubricant(s) and hardening agent(s).
- a common support of the photographic silver halide emulsion material in accordance with this invention may be a hydrophobic resin support.
- Hydrophobic resin supports are well known to those skilled in the art and are made e.g. of polyester, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, preference being given to polyethylene terephthalate.
- the hydrophobic resin support may be provided with one or more subbing layers known to those skilled in the art for adhering thereto a hydrophilic colloid layer.
- subbing layers for polyethylene terephthalate supports are described e.g. in US-P 3,397,988, 3,649,336, 4,123,278 and 4,478,907.
- Coating of the different layers of the photographic element may occur according to any of the known techniques for applying photographic coatings.
- modern slide hopper and especially curtain coating techniques are applied.
- polyacrylamides which are known to increase the shear viscosity can be added to the coating composition of the emulsion layer and/or protective antistress layer.
- Suitable polyacrylamides are copoly(acrylamide-(meth)acrylic acid) e.g. COPOLY(acrylamide-acrylic acid-sodium acrylate) (87.5:4.1:8.4) in particular the commercial products ROHAFLOC SF710 and ROHAFLOC SF 580 from ROHM.
- polyacrylamides are preferably used in amounts of 10 to 500 ppm in the coating composition of the antistress layer and coating occurs simultaneously with the emulsion layer by curtain coating. In this way the emulsion layer thickness can be reduced and coating can occur at increased speed.
- the said convenient imaging system in accordance with this invention is characterized by the following consecutive handling steps of the hardcopy material described hereinbefore:
- the imaging system provides at least 4 consecutive sheets per minute of a silver halide light-sensitive hardcopy material of medical, electronically stored images.
- a short exposure time with a laser source taking less than or equal to 10 seconds for the said film format size for the hardcopy material in accordance with this invention, is particularly advantageous to reach the objectives of this invention.
- Suitable lasers may be gas lasers or solid state lasers.
- a suitable gas laser a helium/neon gas laser is preferred.
- a preferred laser imager fulfilling the mentioned advantages we refer to the laser imager MATRIX LR 3300, trade name product marketed by Agfa-Gevaert.
- a particularly suitable developer solution for use in developing the hardcopy material within the scope of this invention is a developer which comprises an amount of less than 65 g of potassium sulphite per liter so as to reduce the smell of the developer to an acceptable level.
- a suitable fixer solution for use in fixing the hardcopy material within the scope of this invention is a fixer which comprises an amount of less than 25 g of potassium sulphite per liter without the presence of acetic acid and wherein said fixer has a pH value of at least 4.5, again so as to make the fixer solution quasi odourless.
- the said laser imager MATRIX LR 3300 is linked with the CURIX HT 330 processing unit, on top of it, as has e.g. be realized in the laser imager processor MATRIX LR 3300P Laser Imager Processor, trade name product marketed by Agfa-Gevaert, the objectives of this invention can be fully realized.
- CURIX 330 again is a trade name product marketed by Agfa-Gevaert.
- a monodisperse negative working 100% silverbromide emulsion of cubic crystal structure having an average diameter of 0.35 ⁇ m was prepared by means of the double-jet technique with pAg-control. After flocculation, washing and redispersion said emulsion was chemically sensitized with optimum amounts of sulphur and gold compounds to reach the best possible fog-sensitivity relationship.
- the emulsion was divided into three parts, called respectively part A, B and C. To each of these parts, inert gelatin was added in amounts to reach ratio values of gelatin to silver halide, the silver halide expressed as the equivalent amount of silver nitrate, of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 for the parts A, B and C respectively.
- a protective coating composition was prepared containing per liter the following ingredients in demineralized water:
- Both the emulsion layer and the antistress layer were coated simultaneously at one side onto a substrated 175 ⁇ m thick polyethylene terephtalate support.
- the emulsion layer was coated at a concentration of silver halide corresponding to 4.8 g of silver nitrate per m2, the protective layer at 1 g of gelatin/m2. Due to the high amount the hardening agent should be added to the coating composition of the protective topcoat layer just before coating.
- the coated materials were exposed with a He-Ne laser as a light source in a sensitometer with an exposure time of 90 ns per pixel.
- the processing was performed in a 90 seconds dry-to-dry cycle with conventional hardening X-ray chemicals (developer G138, trade name product of Agfa-Gevaert; fixer G 334, trade name product of Agfa-Gevaert). It is clear that it is not the normal procedure to process forehardened films in hardener containing processing solutions. In this example it has only been performed so for comparative purposes.
- the sensitivity was determined at a density of 1; the gradation between densities 1.8 and 2.4 above fog and support density.
- the amount of water absorption, expressed in g/m2 was determined as follows:
- Samples No. 1, 2 and 3 from example No. 1 were processed after exposure in a dry-to-dry processing cycle of 45 ⁇ with a one-part chemistry developer and fixer without hardening agents.
- the composition of said developer and fixer is given hereinafter.
- composition of the developer is composition of the developer:
- composition of the fixer is Composition of the fixer:
- the processing machine was the CURIX HT 330, trade name product marketed by Agfa-Gevaert, with the following time (in seconds) and temperature (in °C) characteristics: loading 0.3 sec. developing 10.0 sec. 35°C in the developer described hereinbefore cross-over 3.0 sec. fixing 10.0 sec. 35°C in the fixer described hereinbefore cross-over 3.0 sec. rinsing 6.6 sec. cross-over 2.6 sec. drying 9.9 sec. total 45.4 ⁇ sec. Since shorter development times in the hardener-free developer and fixer solutions described hereinbefore lead to unacceptable low gradations three additional samples (No. 10, 11 and 12, see table 2) were made having the same compositions as the samples No. 1, 2 and 3 respectively of Table 1 except that 2.5 ml of an aqueous solution of the copolymer of epichloorhydrine-monoglyceryl-thiomethylethylene oxide were added as development accelerator to the coating composition of the protective layers.
- Table 2 shows that this development accelerator is compensating very well for the loss in gradation due to shorter development times. It is clearly illustrated in the last column of Table 2 that the samples with the lowest water absorption are drying very well in the hardener-free rapid processing cycle. Said last column contains figures that are indicative for a better drying quality as the figures are lower. A "*" -sign indicates that even in extreme drying situations it was not possible to get a good drying quality for the sample. Table 2 Sensitometric results and drying quality for materials with a different degree of hardening. Sample No. Em.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93200382A EP0610608B1 (de) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung |
DE69304675T DE69304675T2 (de) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung |
JP6037762A JPH06250306A (ja) | 1993-02-12 | 1994-02-10 | レーザー記録医療用ハードコピー材料として使用するためのハロゲン化銀感光性写真材料及び処理方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP93200382A EP0610608B1 (de) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0610608A1 true EP0610608A1 (de) | 1994-08-17 |
EP0610608B1 EP0610608B1 (de) | 1996-09-11 |
Family
ID=8213635
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93200382A Expired - Lifetime EP0610608B1 (de) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0610608B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH06250306A (de) |
DE (1) | DE69304675T2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0679937A2 (de) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-11-02 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Material und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abzügen radiologischer Bilder |
EP0794456A1 (de) | 1996-03-07 | 1997-09-10 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Verfahren zur Wiedergabe eines elektronisch gespeicherten medizinischen Bildes auf lichtempfindlichen photographischem Material |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0359483A2 (de) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-03-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Ultraschnell verarbeitetes photographisches Element |
EP0360616A1 (de) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-03-28 | Konica Corporation | Lichtempfindliches, photographisches, zur Schnellverarbeitung geeignetes Silberhalogenidmaterial mit reduzierter Krümmung |
EP0457153A1 (de) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-11-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial |
US5112731A (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1992-05-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
-
1993
- 1993-02-12 EP EP93200382A patent/EP0610608B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-02-12 DE DE69304675T patent/DE69304675T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-02-10 JP JP6037762A patent/JPH06250306A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5112731A (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1992-05-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic material |
EP0359483A2 (de) * | 1988-09-12 | 1990-03-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Ultraschnell verarbeitetes photographisches Element |
EP0360616A1 (de) * | 1988-09-22 | 1990-03-28 | Konica Corporation | Lichtempfindliches, photographisches, zur Schnellverarbeitung geeignetes Silberhalogenidmaterial mit reduzierter Krümmung |
EP0457153A1 (de) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-11-21 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALIDE EMULSIONS, PREPARATIONS, ADDENDA, PROCESSING AND SYSTEMS.", RESEARCH DISCLOSURE., MASON PUBLICATIONS, HAMPSHIRE., GB, no. 308., 1 December 1989 (1989-12-01), GB, pages 993 - 1015., XP000096175, ISSN: 0374-4353 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0679937A2 (de) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-11-02 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Material und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abzügen radiologischer Bilder |
EP0679937A3 (de) * | 1994-04-14 | 1997-10-08 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | Material und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abzügen radiologischer Bilder. |
EP0794456A1 (de) | 1996-03-07 | 1997-09-10 | Agfa-Gevaert N.V. | Verfahren zur Wiedergabe eines elektronisch gespeicherten medizinischen Bildes auf lichtempfindlichen photographischem Material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH06250306A (ja) | 1994-09-09 |
EP0610608B1 (de) | 1996-09-11 |
DE69304675T2 (de) | 1997-03-20 |
DE69304675D1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0644455B1 (de) | Photographisches lichtempfindliches Material zur Verwendung für schnelle Verarbeitung | |
US5595864A (en) | Method for making tabular silver halide grains | |
EP0610609B1 (de) | Lichtempfindliches, photograhisches Silberhalogenidmaterial mit gesteigerter Bildqualität für Schnellverarbeitung zur Anwendung in der Mammographie | |
EP0528476B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines photographischen Silberhalogenidmaterials | |
EP0712034B1 (de) | Verfahren zur spektralen Sensibilisierung von tafelförmigen Silberhalogenidkörnern | |
EP0677773A1 (de) | Tafelförmige Kristalle enthaltende Silberhalogenidemulsionen und Verfahren zu deren Verarbeitung | |
EP0610608B1 (de) | Photographisches, lichtempfindliches Silberhalogenidmaterial zur Wiedergabe von medizinischen laseraufgezeichneten Bildern und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung | |
EP0678772A1 (de) | Lichtempfindliches Silberchlorobromojodid- oder Silbuchlorojodid-Tafelkörner enthaltendes Material | |
US5712081A (en) | Method for reproducing an electronically stored medical image on a hardcopy material | |
EP0622668B1 (de) | Photographisches Silberhalogenidmaterial für die industrielle Radiographie, das für verschiedene Verarbeitungsanwendungen geeignet ist | |
EP0569075B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von tafelförmigen Silberhalogenid-Körnern | |
US6277552B1 (en) | Shallow electron trap dopants in silver halide tabular grain emulsions for use in medical diagnostic imaging materials | |
EP0651284A1 (de) | Fällung von Silberhalogenidkristallen, die lodid enthalten | |
JP3371997B2 (ja) | 100主面を有する塩化物リッチ平板状乳剤 | |
US5733715A (en) | Silver halide photographic materials comprising silver bromide or bromoiodide emulsions having triangular tabular crystals | |
US5795704A (en) | Method of hardener-free processing of a forehardened silver halide photographic material | |
EP0843208A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung silberbromidreicher Tafelkörner in Gegenwart spezifischer Gelatinen | |
EP0770909A1 (de) | Photographisches Silberhalogenidmehrschichtmaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
EP0794456B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Wiedergabe eines elektronisch gespeicherten medizinischen Bildes auf lichtempfindlichen photographischem Material | |
US6136524A (en) | Light-sensitive emulsion having (100) tabular grains rich in silver chloride and method for preparing said grains | |
EP0590715B1 (de) | Emulsionsherstellung mittels gleichzeitig durchgeführten chemischer und spektraler Sensibilisierung in Anwesenheit eines Salzes | |
EP0709730B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verarbeitung eines photographischen Silberhalogenidmaterials | |
US6436621B1 (en) | Multilayer silver halide photographic material and process for preparing the same | |
EP0634688B1 (de) | Spektral sensibilisierte photographische Materialien mit Tafelkörnern | |
US5523197A (en) | Multilayer direct-positive photographic material and process for preparing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950217 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19950704 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE FR GB NL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19960911 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19960911 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69304675 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19961017 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 746 Effective date: 19980210 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: D6 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20021210 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20021212 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20040218 Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040901 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20041029 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050212 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20050216 |