EP0608457B1 - Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu - Google Patents

Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0608457B1
EP0608457B1 EP93101350A EP93101350A EP0608457B1 EP 0608457 B1 EP0608457 B1 EP 0608457B1 EP 93101350 A EP93101350 A EP 93101350A EP 93101350 A EP93101350 A EP 93101350A EP 0608457 B1 EP0608457 B1 EP 0608457B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
layer
sno
panes
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP93101350A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0608457A1 (fr
Inventor
Roland Dr. Leroux
Viktor Lucius
Jürgen Dr. Thürk
Thomas Karschti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schott AG
Carl Zeiss AG
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss AG
Schott Glaswerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8212565&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0608457(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Carl Zeiss AG, Schott Glaswerke AG filed Critical Carl Zeiss AG
Priority to EP93101350A priority Critical patent/EP0608457B1/fr
Priority to DE59307708T priority patent/DE59307708D1/de
Priority to AT93101350T priority patent/ATE160421T1/de
Publication of EP0608457A1 publication Critical patent/EP0608457A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0608457B1 publication Critical patent/EP0608457B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/165—Fireproof windows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pane structure for fire protection glazing, consisting of at least two panes arranged at a distance from one another, of which at least one pane is prestressed on the outside.
  • Fire protection glazing made of two panes spaced apart from one another simultaneously fulfills two functions, that of fire protection and that of thermal insulation.
  • the panes generally two, rarely also three, can be connected by gluing or soldering at a relatively close distance of approx. 5 to 15 mm, according to the type of double glazing, so that the space between the panes is gas-tight, they can also be arranged at a greater distance from each other in their own holding frame.
  • Laminated glass panes can also be used as panes, the bond between the panes sometimes being brought about by a gel or the like which foams up in the event of a fire.
  • the panes are almost always provided with a thermal preload.
  • This prestress is usually between 60 and 160 N ⁇ mm -2 in the case of float glass panes (normal soda-lime glass) and typically 25 to 120 N ⁇ mm -2 in the case of panes made of special glass, for example borosilicate glass.
  • prestressing is sometimes dispensed with; wire glass is generally not prestressed.
  • the pane structure of fire protection glazing can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
  • the fire protection glazing always behaves the same, regardless of which side of the pane the source of the fire is located.
  • the fire protection glazing behaves differently depending on the side on which the source of the fire is located. It must therefore be installed in a directed manner, according to the expected source of fire.
  • fire protection glazing consists of one, two, rarely three, tempered float glass panes, so it is symmetrical. This structure is inexpensive, but does not meet high requirements in the event of a fire.
  • glass panes that are more complex to manufacture, e.g. made of borosilicate glass or glass ceramic or laminated glass panes, which, however, are generally combined with a non-tempered float glass pane for cost reasons, i.e. are constructed asymmetrically.
  • the object of the invention is to find a pane structure for fire-resistant glazing which, compared to a conventional structure, has a longer service life in the event of a fire, which is particularly suitable for improving fire-resistant glazing made from tempered soda-lime glass.
  • the essence of the invention is that at least both panes are biased and each pane is provided on one side with an infrared reflecting layer. This layer is arranged on the side facing the second pane so that it is removed from a damaging external attack by scratches, environmental influences or by window cleaning agents.
  • Panels with an infrared-reflecting layer are known per se, for example from DE-PS 28 20 678 a heat radiation reflecting glass is known which serves as glazing to reduce solar radiation in the building. It is also known from EP-PS 389 291 a glass laminate made of infrared reflecting panes with an internal polymer layer, which is intended for the production of safety glazing in the interior.
  • laminates as such are expensive and, moreover, the laminate has an infrared reflecting layer on both outer sides.
  • the infrared reflecting layer can therefore be damaged in the long term if the window is cleaned improperly.Furthermore, the coating on both sides leads to early failure, since infrared radiation that penetrates the reflecting layer (no IR-reflecting layer reflects the IR radiation 100%) through the second Coating on the other side of the pane is largely trapped in the glass and has no possibility of leaving the pane again. The result is rapid heating of the pane with high thermal stresses and early pressure build-up. This also applies in particular to heating the pane by convection, since the pane then has hardly any possibility of achieving a cooling effect by radiation on the side facing away from the fire.
  • the infrared-reflecting layers lie on the inside of the glazing and are thus protected from external attacks. Furthermore, the pane structure of the glazing is symmetrical. In the event of a fire, the IR rays always first hit the uncoated side of a pane. The rays penetrate the glass, then hit the reflective layer and are reflected back. The radiation thus crosses the glass pane twice. This leads to a much faster heating of the pane than in the case of uncoated glass, so that this pane breaks relatively quickly, which is desirable since it prevents pressure build-up between the panes.
  • the pane facing the source of the fire (IR-reflecting layer inside, 2 IR passes as described), breaks very quickly, which is desirable and the second pane, the IR layer of which faces the source of the fire, withstands the fire for a long time.
  • another coated or uncoated pane can be arranged between the two coated panes.
  • the coating can improve the service life of most glazings in the event of a fire, but particularly good results can be achieved with glazing made from tempered borosilicate glass. A significant improvement also occurs with glazing made from tempered float glass.
  • a particularly suitable infrared-reflecting layer is a SnO 2 layer, which can be doped in a manner known per se with indium ion (ITO layer), antimony ions (ATO layer) or preferably F ions (FTO layer). Doping with Cl ions is also known.
  • This layer can be applied by the processes well known to the person skilled in the art, for example by sputtering, by the sol-gel process by immersion in a dilute tin alkoxylate solution by vapor deposition or particularly inexpensively by pyrolytic powder coating in the course of the production of float glass.
  • Float glass coated with a doped SnO 2 layer is commercially produced on a large scale and is commercially available from various manufacturers at relatively low prices.
  • the SnO 2 layer is usually doped with fluoride ions in an amount of 0.5 to 2%, based on the SnO 2 content.
  • SnO 2 layers doped with indium oxide are known under the name ITO (indium tin oxides).
  • the layer thickness of the reflective layer should be such that at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, of the incident radiation is reflected in the wavelength range> 0.8 to approximately 15 ⁇ m.
  • the electrical sheet resistance which is decisive for the quality of the reflection should be at most 200 ⁇ / ⁇ , preferably at most 80 ⁇ / ⁇ , in particular at most 50 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • a sheet resistance of 100 ⁇ / ⁇ corresponds to a reflection of approx. 40%, that of 80 ⁇ / ⁇ to a reflection of approx. 50%, that of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ to a reflection of approx. 60% and one of 40 ⁇ / ⁇ a reflection of approx. 70%.
  • the layer thickness of the SnO 2 layer should not exceed 1210 nm, since thicker layers can only be produced with great effort. In general, layers are preferred which normally have a thickness between 150 and 700 nm. However, a lower limit of 10 nm for the layer thickness should not be undercut.
  • a further layer with a refractive index can be added between the glass and the SnO 2 layer in a manner known per se, which lies between that of the glass and that of the SnO 2 layer. According to the known rules of optics, such a layer suppresses an interference phenomenon.
  • the panes used in fire protection glazing are generally prestressed because they are heated unevenly in the event of a fire and would break prematurely without prestressing.
  • the application of the bias voltage generally takes place after the application of the IR reflecting layer, since the application of the IR reflecting layer often requires a heat treatment which would greatly reduce or remove the bias voltage.
  • the preload is generated according to the Processes known in the art, generally by heating the glass panes in an oven to temperatures up to about 150 ° C. above the transformation temperature (Tg) and then blowing them on with cold air or immersing them in liquid.
  • Tg transformation temperature
  • the reflection properties of a SnO 2 layer, particularly on float glass can deteriorate slightly as a result of the heating. However, this can generally be accepted or compensated for by a layer previously applied with an appropriate thickness.
  • the known metal films for example made of chromium, aluminum, nickel, copper, silver and in particular gold, can also be used as infrared reflecting layers. However, they are not preferred because they also significantly influence the passage of visible light or are unstable in the event of a fire. However, it is possible to coat such a layer with an inert protective layer, for example made of SnO 2 , SiO 2 or TiO 2, in order to prevent or delay a harmful attack on the metal layer in the event of a fire. It is also conceivable to embed the reflective metal layer in a matrix of inert oxides or nitrides in order to achieve the same protective effect for the metal. Of course, several protective layers made of different materials can also be combined. For optical reasons, layer combinations, for example made of metal and (doped) SnO 2 or layer packages made of several differently doped SnO 2 layers, can also be used as IR-reflecting layers.
  • the advantage of the glazing according to the invention is not only a significant improvement in the service life of the glazing in the event of a fire, but also a considerably better thermal insulation.
  • thermal transmittance values 2.2 W / K ⁇ m 2 and below can be achieved, which previously required expensive triple glazing.
  • the insulating glazing 1 consists of the glass panes 2 and 3, which are arranged at a distance from each other.
  • a sheet metal profile 5 filled with molecular sieve 4 serves as a spacer.
  • the panes 2 and 3 are held together by a silicone resin adhesive 6, which at the same time acts against the ingress of moisture from the outside.
  • a primary seal (not shown) consisting of butyl rubber is arranged.
  • the panes 2 and 3 are each provided with an infrared reflecting layer 7 and 8 shown in dashed lines on their inside.
  • the insulating glazing 1 is in a made of rectangular steel profiles 9 u. 10 welded or screwed (11) steel frame by means of block 12 and rebate seals 13 and 14 attached.
  • Discs 2 and 3 are thermally hardened and have a preload of 100 N / mm 2 .
  • the middle infrared reflecting layer consists of fluorine-doped SnO 2 , has a thickness of 300 nm and a measured sheet resistance of 25 ⁇ / ⁇ , which corresponds to a reflectance of approx. 80% for IR radiation of a wavelength> 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • a glazing constructed as described with a pane size of 100 x 200 cm was subjected to a fire test in accordance with DIN 4102, part 13 (ISO 3009).
  • the pane facing the fire broke after 4 minutes, after more than 70 minutes the second pane softened, slid out of the frame and thus formed an opening, as a result of which the glazing could no longer fulfill its fire protection function.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Window Of Vehicle (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu, composé d'au moins deux vitres disposées à une certaine distance l'une de l'autre, caractérisé en ce que les deux vitres sont précontraintes et que chaque vitre est pourvue sur une face d'une couche réfléchissant les infrarouges, qui est disposée sur la face tournée vers l'autre vitre, la couche réfléchissant les infrarouges étant composée de SnO2 dopé et la résistivité superficielle de la couche de SnO2, essentielle pour la qualité de la réflexion, étant au maximum de 200 Ω/□.
  2. Verre stratifié suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le SnO2 est dopé par du chlore, du fluor, de l'antimoine ou de l'indium.
  3. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la résistivité superficielle de la couche de SnO2 est d'au maximum 80 Ω/□.
  4. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la couche de SnO2 est de 10 à 1200 nm.
  5. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, pour éviter les phénomènes d'interférence, une couche dont l'indice de réfraction se situe entre celui du verre et celui de la couche de SnO2 est disposée, d'une manière connue en soi, entre la couche de SnO2 et la vitre en verre.
  6. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche réfléchissant les infrarouges est calculée de telle sorte qu'au moins 25% du rayonnement thermique incident dans la zone de longueurs d'onde entre 0,8 et 15 µm soient réfléchis.
  7. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les vitres sont composées de verre flotté et sont pourvues d'une précontrainte d'au moins 25 N.mm-2.
  8. Verre stratifié suivant l'une au moins des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que une autre vitre, qui est recouverte sur ses deux faces, sur une face ou pas du tout d'une couche réfléchissant les infrarouges, est disposée entre les deux vitres pourvues d'une couche réfléchissant les infrarouges.
EP93101350A 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu Revoked EP0608457B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93101350A EP0608457B1 (fr) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu
DE59307708T DE59307708D1 (de) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Scheibenaufbau für eine Brandschutzverglasung
AT93101350T ATE160421T1 (de) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Scheibenaufbau für eine brandschutzverglasung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93101350A EP0608457B1 (fr) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0608457A1 EP0608457A1 (fr) 1994-08-03
EP0608457B1 true EP0608457B1 (fr) 1997-11-19

Family

ID=8212565

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93101350A Revoked EP0608457B1 (fr) 1993-01-29 1993-01-29 Verre stratifié pour vitrage résistant au feu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0608457B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE160421T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59307708D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITFO940034A1 (it) * 1994-09-26 1996-03-26 Giordano Istituto Barriera tagliafuoco relaizzata mediante struttura modulare componibi- le in metallo e vetro
EP1752426A3 (fr) * 1998-12-18 2007-03-07 Glaverbel Panneau de verre
DE10155273B4 (de) * 2001-11-09 2006-03-23 Guardian Flachglas Gmbh Verwendung einer Verglasungseinheit als Brandschutzglas

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53141318A (en) * 1977-05-17 1978-12-09 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Heat radiation reflecive glass
GB2104838B (en) * 1981-08-28 1985-02-20 Glaverbel Fire-screening panel
GB8906731D0 (en) * 1989-03-23 1989-05-10 Pilkington Glass Ltd Glass laminates
DE9014083U1 (fr) * 1990-10-06 1992-02-06 V. Kann Rasmussen Industri A/S, Soeborg, Dk
DE4103458C2 (de) * 1991-02-06 1994-09-01 Flachglas Ag Optisch transparentes Verglasungselement mit niedrigem Reflexionsgrad für Radarstrahlung und hohem Reflexionsgrad für IR-Strahlung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0608457A1 (fr) 1994-08-03
DE59307708D1 (de) 1998-01-02
ATE160421T1 (de) 1997-12-15

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