EP0604710A1 - Electric contact body - Google Patents
Electric contact body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0604710A1 EP0604710A1 EP93114377A EP93114377A EP0604710A1 EP 0604710 A1 EP0604710 A1 EP 0604710A1 EP 93114377 A EP93114377 A EP 93114377A EP 93114377 A EP93114377 A EP 93114377A EP 0604710 A1 EP0604710 A1 EP 0604710A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- contact
- contact body
- palladium
- support layer
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
- H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
- H01H2011/046—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by plating
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical contact body with a layer sequence which comprises a base material, a contact layer and a thin, galvanically deposited, gold-containing surface layer.
- Contact bodies of this type are used, for example, in communications technology and in data processing. In electrical plug-in connections, they are designed, for example, as contact blades and contact springs. They are characterized by the lowest possible contact resistance that is as constant as possible over a longer service life. Contact bodies which have a contact layer made of palladium or palladium-nickel on a base material, for example made of brass, on which a surface layer made of hard gold or soft gold is electrodeposited are very widespread. Such contact bodies are for example from the publication by EJ Kudrak et al. In “Plating and Surface Finishing", February 1992, pages 49 to 54, known.
- the contact bodies described there consist of a contact layer made of palladium or palladium-nickel with thicknesses between 0.5 and 2.5 ⁇ m and galvanically applied surface layers made of hard cobalt gold or pure hard gold.
- the gold-containing surface layers which are referred to as "flash", usually have a thickness of less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a generic electrical contact body is also known from DE-OS 25 40 944.
- the layer sequence of the contact body described there for an electrical plug contact consists, for example, on a carrier in which a contact layer made of a silver-palladium alloy with 30% by weight palladium, which is applied with a porous gold layer with a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m is electroplated.
- the gold-containing surface layer has proven itself in the case of contact bodies with contact surfaces made of different materials, in particular of palladium-containing alloys, with regard to their tarnish resistance as well as the maintenance of a contact resistance that is as constant as possible and a wear resistance that is as high as possible.
- the gold-containing surface represents a considerable cost factor, especially in applications with a large number of electrical contact surfaces.
- this is one of the known contact bodies
- Minimum thickness of the surface layer required A minimum thickness of approximately 0.20 ⁇ m is usually observed.
- the present invention is based on the object of specifying a contact body which, in comparison to the generic contact bodies mentioned above, can be produced more cheaply with at least equivalent corrosion and wear resistance.
- this object is achieved in that the surface layer is underlaid with a support layer containing a palladium alloy with a thickness in the range between 0.05 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the layer sequence of the support layer and surface layer is referred to below as a "double flash". Electrical contact bodies with such a double flash have good corrosion and wear resistance behavior. It has even been shown that contact bodies with a double flash, in comparison to generic contact bodies, with the same thicknesses of the surface layer and double flash, can have a significantly higher resistance to friction wear. This surprising effect may be due to the fact that the support layer provides a smooth and relatively hard base on which the gold-containing surface layer is relatively movable. For example, the surface layer can yield to forces which can be exerted on it when loosening and making contacts, for example, without the layer being injured.
- the formation of the contact body with a double flash therefore allows the layer thickness of the gold-containing surface layer to be reduced without having to accept a deterioration, for example the frictional wear resistance.
- the “double flash” according to the invention can also be produced inexpensively.
- the possibility of using a thinner gold-containing surface layer compared to the layer thicknesses used in the known contact bodies has also proven to be an advantage with regard to the wear resistance of the gold-containing surface layer itself.
- This effect may also be due to the fact that a thinner gold-containing surface layer is able to evade the forces acting on it more easily in comparison to a thicker one and less particles are rubbed off by it (tongue formation), which in turn can contribute to accelerated fretting.
- the electrical contact body according to the invention has a support layer whose thickness is in the range between 0.05 ⁇ m and 0.5 ⁇ m. Support layers that are much thinner than 0.05 ⁇ m have proven to be ineffective with regard to the corrosion and rubbing wear behavior of the contact body, while with layer thicknesses of considerably more than 0.5 ⁇ m the advantage of the possible saving of gold for the surface layer due to the increased consumption the precious metals palladium and silver are saved for the support layer.
- Support layers that have been galvanically deposited have proven particularly useful. These are not only characterized by high homogeneity, high density and the resulting good resistance to corrosion and fretting, but also by a simpler and cheaper production, for example compared to sputtered layers.
- contact bodies are preferred in which the support layer has a thickness of less than 0.2 ⁇ m and in which the surface layer and the support layer together have a thickness in the range between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m, preferably have less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness of the gold-containing surface layer is preferably set to values between 0.05 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m.
- An embodiment of the electrical contact body with a support layer made of a palladium-silver alloy has proven to be particularly wear-resistant.
- Such support layers are characterized by their hardness and smoothness.
- Palladium-silver alloys in which the silver content is in the range between 20 and 70% by weight and the palladium content in the range between 30 and 80% by weight are preferred.
- Such precious metal alloys have high corrosion resistance and good wear behavior. They can be manufactured using galvanic processes.
- a support layer is preferred which consists of an alloy with 50% silver, the rest being palladium.
- contact bodies have also proven to be suitable in which the support layer is made of a palladium-nickel alloy with a nickel content in the range between 5 and 60% by weight or from a palladium-tin alloy with a tin content in the range between 5 and 60% by weight.
- the contact body in a preferred embodiment, it has a contact layer made of palladium, a palladium-nickel alloy, a silver-tin alloy or nickel-phosphorus.
- a contact layer made of palladium, a palladium-nickel alloy, a silver-tin alloy or nickel-phosphorus.
- the formation with a double flash has proven particularly useful, particularly with regard to the frictional wear behavior of the contact body. It is to be expected that similar improvements in wear behavior will also be observed when using a double flash for contact bodies with other contact surfaces.
- the contact layer and the support layer adjoin one another, but in order to be able to make use of the advantages brought about by the double flash, it is necessary that the materials from which the contact layer and the support layer consist are different from one another.
- reference number 1 is assigned to the base material.
- the base material 1 which is made of brass, is coated with an easily solderable and weldable intermediate layer 2 made of nickel.
- the actual contact layer 3 is applied to the intermediate layer 2, which has a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m. It exists in the exemplary embodiment made of palladium and has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
- a surface layer 4 made of 0.2 ⁇ m cobalt-gold alloy is electrodeposited on the contact layer 3.
- the layer sequence according to FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 only by the coating of the contact layer 3 in the form of a double flash 5 instead of the surface layer 4 (FIG. 1).
- the layer 6 of the double flash 5 facing the contact layer 3 is an electrodeposited PdAg layer with contents of palladium and silver of 50% by weight in each case.
- the PdAg layer 6 has a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a surface layer 7 made of a gold-cobalt alloy with a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m is also galvanically deposited on it.
- the thickness of the double flash 5 is thus a total of 0.2 microns.
- the “coefficient of friction” measured as a function of the friction cycles carried out is a measure of the friction which occurs when an electrical connection, for example a plug connection, is made or released. It results from the ratio of the plug-in or pulling forces to be used when loosening or establishing the plug connection and the contact force with which the two contact layers are pressed against one another. A constant low coefficient of friction indicates low friction wear.
- the coefficient of friction of the layer sequence as described with reference to FIG. 1 was measured as a function of the number of friction cycles carried out. From this it can be seen that the coefficient of friction increases slightly from an initial value of approximately 0.5, starting after approximately 10 friction cycles, and increases significantly after approximately 80 friction cycles to values above 0.6. This indicates that particles have formed between the surfaces that rub against each other, which then contribute to rapidly increasing frictional wear.
- the contact bodies on the basis of which the measurement results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 were obtained, differ only in the fact that in the contact body known from the prior art, FIG. 3, the surface layer consists of a 0.2 ⁇ m thick gold layer , whereas in the contact body according to the invention in FIG. 4 it consists of a double flash of a 0.1 ⁇ m thick PdAg layer and a 0.1 ⁇ m thick gold layer.
- the comparison of the measurement results clearly shows the positive influence that the only 0.1 ⁇ m thick PdAg layer has on the frictional wear behavior of the electrical contact body according to the invention.
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Abstract
Um einen elektrischen Kontaktkörper mit einer Schichtenfolge, die ein Grundmaterial (1), eine Kontaktschicht (3) und eine dünne, galvanisch abgeschiedene, goldhaltige Oberflächenschicht (7) umfaßt, anzugeben, der im Vergleich zu den bekannten Kontaktkörpern bei mindestens gleichwertiger Korrosions- und Verschleißfestigkeit, preisgünstiger herstellbar ist, wird vorgeschlagen, die Oberflächenschicht mit einer eine Palladium-Legierung enthaltenden Stützschicht (6) mit einer Dicke im Bereich zwischen 0,05 µm und 0,5 µm zu unterlegen. <IMAGE>In order to specify an electrical contact body with a layer sequence, which comprises a base material (1), a contact layer (3) and a thin, galvanically deposited, gold-containing surface layer (7), which compared to the known contact bodies with at least equivalent corrosion and wear resistance , less expensive to produce, it is proposed to underlay the surface layer with a support layer (6) containing a palladium alloy with a thickness in the range between 0.05 μm and 0.5 μm. <IMAGE>
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Kontaktkörper mit einer Schichtenfolge, die ein Grundmaterial, eine Kontaktschicht und eine dünne, galvanisch abgeschiedene, goldhaltige Oberflächenschicht umfaßt.The invention relates to an electrical contact body with a layer sequence which comprises a base material, a contact layer and a thin, galvanically deposited, gold-containing surface layer.
Derartige Kontaktkörper werden beispielsweise in der Nachrichtentechnik und in der Datenverarbeitung verwendet. In elektrischen Steckverbindungen sind sie beispielsweise als Kontaktmesser und Kontaktfeder ausgebildet. Sie zeichnen sich durch einen möglichst niedrigen und über längere Lebensdauer möglichst gleichbleibenden Kontaktübergangswiderstand aus. Sehr verbreitet sind Kontaktkörper, die auf einem Grundmaterial, beispielsweise aus Messing, eine Kontaktschicht aus Palladium oder Palladium-Nickel aufweisen, auf der eine Oberflächenschicht aus Hartgold oder Weichgold galvanisch abgeschieden ist. Derartige Kontaktkörper sind beispielsweise aus der Veröffentlichung von E.J. Kudrak et al. In "Plating and Surface Finishing", Februar 1992, Seite 49 bis 54, bekannt. Die dort beschriebenen Kontaktkörper bestehen aus einer Kontaktschicht aus Palladium oder Palladium-Nickel mit Dicken zwischen 0,5 und 2,5 µm und darauf galvanisch aufgebrachten Oberflächenschichten aus KobaltHartgold beziehungsweise aus reinem Hartgold. Die goldhaltigen Oberflächenschichten, die als "Flash" bezeichnet werden, weisen üblicherweise eine Dicke von weniger als 0,5 µm auf.Contact bodies of this type are used, for example, in communications technology and in data processing. In electrical plug-in connections, they are designed, for example, as contact blades and contact springs. They are characterized by the lowest possible contact resistance that is as constant as possible over a longer service life. Contact bodies which have a contact layer made of palladium or palladium-nickel on a base material, for example made of brass, on which a surface layer made of hard gold or soft gold is electrodeposited are very widespread. Such contact bodies are for example from the publication by EJ Kudrak et al. In "Plating and Surface Finishing", February 1992, pages 49 to 54, known. The contact bodies described there consist of a contact layer made of palladium or palladium-nickel with thicknesses between 0.5 and 2.5 µm and galvanically applied surface layers made of hard cobalt gold or pure hard gold. The gold-containing surface layers, which are referred to as "flash", usually have a thickness of less than 0.5 μm.
Ein gattungsgemäßer elektrischer Kontaktkörper ist auch aus der DE-OS 25 40 944 bekannt. Die Schichtenfolge des dort beschriebenen Kontaktkörpers für einen elektrischen Steck-Kontakt besteht beispielsweise auf einem Träger, bei dem auf einer gut löt- und schweißbaren Zwischenschicht eine Kontaktschicht aus einer Silber-Palladium-Legierung mit 30 Gew.-% Palladium aufgebracht ist, die mit einer porösen Goldschicht mit einer Dicke von 0,2 µm galvanisch beschichtet ist.A generic electrical contact body is also known from DE-OS 25 40 944. The layer sequence of the contact body described there for an electrical plug contact consists, for example, on a carrier in which a contact layer made of a silver-palladium alloy with 30% by weight palladium, which is applied with a porous gold layer with a thickness of 0.2 µm is electroplated.
Die goldhaltige Oberflächenschicht hat sich bei Kontaktkörpern mit Kontaktflächen aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen, insbesondere aus Palladium-haltigen Legierungen, im Hinblick auf deren Anlaufbeständigkeit sowie auf die Erhaltung eines möglichst gleichbleibenden Kontaktwiderstandes und einer möglichst hohen Verschleißfestigkeit bewährt. Allerdings stellt die goldhaltige Oberfläche, insbesondere bei Anwendungen mit einer Vielzahl elektrischer Kontaktflächen, einen beträchtlichen Kostenfaktor dar. Aufgrund der beim Herstellen und Lösen der elektrischen Kontakte auf die Kontaktkörper, und insbesondere auf die Oberflächenschichten, wirkenden mechanischen Belastungen, ist bei den bekannten Kontaktkörpern aber eine Mindestdicke der Oberflächenschicht erforderlich. Üblicherweise wird eine Mindestdicke von ca. 0,20 µm eingehalten.The gold-containing surface layer has proven itself in the case of contact bodies with contact surfaces made of different materials, in particular of palladium-containing alloys, with regard to their tarnish resistance as well as the maintenance of a contact resistance that is as constant as possible and a wear resistance that is as high as possible. However, the gold-containing surface represents a considerable cost factor, especially in applications with a large number of electrical contact surfaces. However, due to the mechanical loads acting on the contact bodies, and in particular on the surface layers, when producing and releasing the electrical contacts, this is one of the known contact bodies Minimum thickness of the surface layer required. A minimum thickness of approximately 0.20 µm is usually observed.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kontaktkörper anzugeben, der im Vergleich zu den oben genannten gattungsgemäßen Kontaktkörpern bei mindestens gleichwertiger Korrosions- und Verschleißfestigkeit, preisgünstiger herstellbar ist.The present invention is based on the object of specifying a contact body which, in comparison to the generic contact bodies mentioned above, can be produced more cheaply with at least equivalent corrosion and wear resistance.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Oberflächenschicht mit einer eine Palladium-Legierung enthaltenden Stützschicht mit einer Dicke im Bereich zwischen 0,05 µm und 0,5 µm unterlegt ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the surface layer is underlaid with a support layer containing a palladium alloy with a thickness in the range between 0.05 μm and 0.5 μm.
Die Schichtenfolge aus Stützschicht und Oberflächenschicht wird nachfolgend als "Doppelflash" bezeichnet. Elektrische Kontaktkörper mit einem derartigen Doppelflash weisen ein gutes Korrosions-und Verschleißfestigkeits-Verhalten auf. Es hat sich sogar gezeigt, daß Kontaktkörper mit Doppelflash im Vergleich zu gattungsgemäßen Kontaktkörpern, bei jeweils gleichen Dicken von Oberflächenschicht und Doppelflash, eine deutlich höhere Reibverschleißfestigkeit haben können. Dieser überraschende Effekt beruht möglicherweise darauf, daß durch die Stützschicht eine glatte und relativ harte Unterlage bereitgestellt wird, auf der die goldhaltige Oberflächenschicht relativ bewegbar ist. So kann die Oberflächenschicht Kräften, wie sie beispielsweise beim Lösen und Herstellen von Kontakten auf sie einwirken können, nachgeben, ohne daß es zu Verletzungen der Schicht kommt. Die Ausbildung des Kontaktkörpers mit einem Doppelflash erlaubt daher eine Verminderung der Schichtdicke der goldhaltigen Oberflächenschicht ohne eine Verschlechterung, beispielsweise der Reibverscheißfestigkeit, in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Durch Verwendung der im Vergleich zu Gold billigeren Edelmetalle Silber und Palladium ist der erfindungsgemäße "Doppelflash" darüberhinaus preisgünstig herstellbar. Abgesehen hiervon hat sich die Möglichkeit der Verwendung einer, im Vergleich zu den bei den bekannten Kontaktkörpern verwendeten Schichtdicken, dünneren goldhaltigen Oberflächenschicht auch im Hinblick auf die Verschleißfestigkeit der goldhaltigen Oberflächenschicht selbst als Vorteil erwiesen. Auch dieser Effekt beruht möglicherweise darauf, daß eine dünnere goldhaltige Oberflächenschicht im Vergleich zu einer dickeren, den auf sie wirkenden Kräften leichter auszuweichen vermag und dadurch weniger Partikel von ihr abgerieben werden (Zungenbildung), die wiederrum zu einem beschleunigten Reibverschleiß beitragen können.The layer sequence of the support layer and surface layer is referred to below as a "double flash". Electrical contact bodies with such a double flash have good corrosion and wear resistance behavior. It has even been shown that contact bodies with a double flash, in comparison to generic contact bodies, with the same thicknesses of the surface layer and double flash, can have a significantly higher resistance to friction wear. This surprising effect may be due to the fact that the support layer provides a smooth and relatively hard base on which the gold-containing surface layer is relatively movable. For example, the surface layer can yield to forces which can be exerted on it when loosening and making contacts, for example, without the layer being injured. The formation of the contact body with a double flash therefore allows the layer thickness of the gold-containing surface layer to be reduced without having to accept a deterioration, for example the frictional wear resistance. By using the precious metals silver and palladium, which are cheaper than gold, the “double flash” according to the invention can also be produced inexpensively. Apart from this, the possibility of using a thinner gold-containing surface layer compared to the layer thicknesses used in the known contact bodies has also proven to be an advantage with regard to the wear resistance of the gold-containing surface layer itself. This effect may also be due to the fact that a thinner gold-containing surface layer is able to evade the forces acting on it more easily in comparison to a thicker one and less particles are rubbed off by it (tongue formation), which in turn can contribute to accelerated fretting.
Der erfindungsgemäße elektrische Kontaktkörper weist eine Stützschicht auf, deren Dicke im Bereich zwischen 0,05 µm und 0,5 µm liegt. Wesentlich dünnere Stützschichten als 0,05 µm haben sich im Hinblick auf das Korrosions- und Reibverschleißverhalten des Kontaktkörpers im als unwirksam erwiesen, während bei Schichtdicken von wesentlich mehr als 0,5 µm der Vorteil der möglichen Einsparung an Gold für die Oberflächenschicht durch den vermehrten Verbrauch der Edelmetalle Palladium und Silber für die Stützschicht aufgehoben wird.The electrical contact body according to the invention has a support layer whose thickness is in the range between 0.05 μm and 0.5 μm. Support layers that are much thinner than 0.05 µm have proven to be ineffective with regard to the corrosion and rubbing wear behavior of the contact body, while with layer thicknesses of considerably more than 0.5 µm the advantage of the possible saving of gold for the surface layer due to the increased consumption the precious metals palladium and silver are saved for the support layer.
Besonders bewährt haben sich Stützschichten, die galvanisch abgeschieden worden sind. Diese zeichnen sich nicht nur durch hohe Homogenität, hohe Dichte und eine daraus resultierende gute Korrosions- und Reibverschleißfestigkeit, sondern auch durch eine, beispielsweise im Vergleich zu aufgesputterten Schichten, einfachere und preisgünstigere Herstellung aus.Support layers that have been galvanically deposited have proven particularly useful. These are not only characterized by high homogeneity, high density and the resulting good resistance to corrosion and fretting, but also by a simpler and cheaper production, for example compared to sputtered layers.
Insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Minimierung der Herstellkosten, werden Kontaktkörper bevorzugt, bei denen die Stützschicht eine Dicke von weniger als 0,2 µm aufweist und bei denen die Oberflächenschicht und die Stützschicht zusammen eine Dicke im Bereich zwischen 0,1 µm und 1 µm, vorzugsweise weniger als 0,5 µm aufweisen. Dabei wird die Schichtdicke der goldhaltigen Oberflächenschicht bevorzugt auf Werte zwischen 0,05 µm und 0,2 µm eingestellt.In particular with a view to minimizing the production costs, contact bodies are preferred in which the support layer has a thickness of less than 0.2 μm and in which the surface layer and the support layer together have a thickness in the range between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, preferably have less than 0.5 µm. The layer thickness of the gold-containing surface layer is preferably set to values between 0.05 µm and 0.2 µm.
Als besonders verschleißfest hat sich eine Ausführungsform des elektrischen Kontaktkörpers mit einer Stützschicht aus einer Palladium-Silber-Legierung erwiesen. Derartige Stützschichten zeichnen sich durch ihre Härte und Glätte aus. Bevorzugt werden Palladium-Silber-Legierungen, bei denen der Silbergehalt im Bereich zwischen 20 und 70 Gew.-%, und der Palladium-Gehalt im Bereich zwischen 30 und 80 Gew.-% liegt. Derartige Edelmetall-Legierungen weisen eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und gutes Reibverschleiß-Verhalten auf. Ihre Herstellung ist mittels galvanischer Verfahrenweisen möglich. Im Hinblick auf gute tribologische und chemische Eigenschaften bei gleichzeitig möglichst geringem Edelmetallgehalt wird eine Stützschicht bevorzugt, die aus einer Legierung mit 50% Silber, Rest Palladium, besteht.An embodiment of the electrical contact body with a support layer made of a palladium-silver alloy has proven to be particularly wear-resistant. Such support layers are characterized by their hardness and smoothness. Palladium-silver alloys in which the silver content is in the range between 20 and 70% by weight and the palladium content in the range between 30 and 80% by weight are preferred. Such precious metal alloys have high corrosion resistance and good wear behavior. They can be manufactured using galvanic processes. In view of good tribological and chemical properties with the lowest possible noble metal content, a support layer is preferred which consists of an alloy with 50% silver, the rest being palladium.
Daneben haben sich auch Kontaktkörper als geeignet erwiesen, bei denen die Stützschicht eine aus einer Palladium-Nickel-Legierung mit einem Nickelanteil im Bereich zwischen 5 und 60 Gew.-% oder aus einer Palladium-Zinn-Legierung mit einem Zinnanteil im Bereich zwischen 5 und 60 Gew.-% besteht.In addition, contact bodies have also proven to be suitable in which the support layer is made of a palladium-nickel alloy with a nickel content in the range between 5 and 60% by weight or from a palladium-tin alloy with a tin content in the range between 5 and 60% by weight.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kontaktkörpers weist dieser eine Kontaktschicht aus Palladium, einer Palladium-Nickel-Legierung, einer Silber-Zinn-Legierung oder aus Nickel-Phosphor auf. Bei Kontaktkörpern mit derartigen Kontaktschichten hat sich die Ausbildung mit einem Doppelflash insbesondere hinsichtlich des Reibverschleißverhalten des Kontaktkörpers besonders bewährt. Es ist zu erwarten, daß auch bei Kontaktkörpern mit anderen Kontaktflächen ähnliche Verbesserungen des Verschleißverhaltens bei Verwendung eines Doppelflashs zu beobachten sein werden.In a preferred embodiment of the contact body according to the invention, it has a contact layer made of palladium, a palladium-nickel alloy, a silver-tin alloy or nickel-phosphorus. At Contact bodies with such contact layers, the formation with a double flash has proven particularly useful, particularly with regard to the frictional wear behavior of the contact body. It is to be expected that similar improvements in wear behavior will also be observed when using a double flash for contact bodies with other contact surfaces.
Vorteilhafterweise grenzen die Kontaktschicht und die Stützschicht aneinander, wobei aber, um von den durch den Doppelflash bewirkten Vorteilen Gebrauch machen zu können, es erforderlich ist, daß die Werkstoffe, aus denen die Kontaktschicht und die Stützschicht jeweils bestehen, voneinander verschieden sind.Advantageously, the contact layer and the support layer adjoin one another, but in order to be able to make use of the advantages brought about by the double flash, it is necessary that the materials from which the contact layer and the support layer consist are different from one another.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend näher beschrieben. Im einzelnen zeigen
-
Figur 1
eine Schichtenfolge eines gattungsgemäßen elektrischen Kontaktkörpers, -
Figur 2
eine Schichtenfolge eines erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Kontaktkörpers, -
Figur 3
Ergebnisse von Messungen des Reibverschleißes bei einem Kontaktkörpers mit einer Schichtenfolge wie sie inFigur 1 dagestellt ist und - Figur 4
Ergebnisse von Messungen des Reibverschleißes bei einem Kontaktkörper mit einer Schichtenfolge wie sie inFigur 2 dagestellt.
- Figure 1
a layer sequence of a generic electrical contact body, - Figure 2
a layer sequence of an electrical contact body according to the invention, - Figure 3
Results of measurements of the frictional wear in a contact body with a layer sequence as shown in FIG. 1 and - Figure 4
Results of measurements of frictional wear in a contact body with a layer sequence as shown in FIG. 2.
Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schichtenfolge ist dem Grundmaterial die Bezugsziffer 1 zugeordnet. Das Grundmaterial 1, das aus Messing besteht, ist mit einer gut löt- und schweißbaren Zwischenschicht 2 aus Nickel überzogen. Auf der Zwischenschicht 2, welche eine Dicke von 1,5 µm aufweist, ist die eigentliche Kontaktschicht 3 aufgebracht. Sie besteht im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Palladium und weist eine Dicke von 1 µm auf. Auf der Kontaktschicht 3 ist eine Oberflächenschicht 4 aus 0,2 µm Kobalt-Gold-Legierung galvanisch abgeschieden.In the layer sequence shown in FIG. 1,
Bei der in Figur 2 dargestellten Schichtenfolge sind für gleiche Materialien und Schichtdicken, wie sie anhand Figur 1 erläutert sind, die gleichen Bezugsziffern verwendet worden. Die Schichtenfolge gemäß Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von derjenigen in Figur 1 lediglich durch die Beschichtung der Kontaktschicht 3 in Form eines Doppelflashs 5 anstelle der Oberflächenschicht 4 (Figur 1). Bei der der Kontaktschicht 3 zugewandten Schicht 6 des Doppelflashs 5, handelt es sich um eine galvanisch abgeschiedene PdAg-Schicht mit Gehalten an Palladium und Silber von jeweils 50 Gewichts-%. Die PdAg-Schicht 6 weist eine Dicke von 0,1 µm auf. Auf ihr ist eine Oberflächenschicht 7 aus einer Gold-Kobalt-Legierung mit einer Dicke von ebenfalls 0,1 µm galvanisch abgeschieden. Die Dicke des Doppelflashs 5 beträgt somit insgesamt 0,2 µm.In the layer sequence shown in FIG. 2, the same reference numbers have been used for the same materials and layer thicknesses as are explained with reference to FIG. The layer sequence according to FIG. 2 differs from that in FIG. 1 only by the coating of the
Anhand der Figuren 3 und 4 werden nachfolgend Ergebnisse von Reibverschleißmessungen beschrieben. Für die Bestimmung des Reibverschleißes wurden Messingteile in Form von Plättchen und Messingteile in Form von Kalotten mit einem Radius von 3 mm benutzt. Plättchen und Kalotten weisen dabei jeweils die Schichtenfolge auf, deren Reibverschleiß-Verhalten bestimmt werden soll. Hierzu werden die Kalotten auf den Plättchen mit einem Reibweg von 5 mm und mit einer Frequenz von 0,5 Hz so lange hin- und her gerieben, bis eine deutliche Zunahme der Reibzahl erkennbar ist, was auf einen irreversiblen, abrasiven- und/oder adhäsiven Reibverschleiß hinweist.Results of frictional wear measurements are described below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Brass parts in the form of platelets and brass parts in the form of calottes with a radius of 3 mm were used to determine the frictional wear. The platelets and spherical caps each have the layer sequence whose frictional wear behavior is to be determined. For this purpose, the spherical caps are rubbed back and forth on the platelets with a friction path of 5 mm and at a frequency of 0.5 Hz until a significant increase in the coefficient of friction can be seen, which indicates an irreversible, abrasive and / or adhesive Friction indicates wear.
Die in Abhängigkeit von den durchgeführten Reibzyklen gemessene "Reibzahl" ist ein Maß für die beim Herstellen oder Lösen einer elektrischen Verbindung, beispielsweise einer Steckverbindung, auftretende Reibung. Sie ergibt sich aus dem Verhältnis der beim Lösen oder beim Herstellen der Steckverbindung aufzuwendenden Steck- bzw. Ziehkräfte und der Kontaktkraft, mit der die beiden Kontaktschichten gegeneinander gepreßt werden. Eine konstant niedrige Reibzahl deutet auf einen geringen Reibverschleiß hin.The “coefficient of friction” measured as a function of the friction cycles carried out is a measure of the friction which occurs when an electrical connection, for example a plug connection, is made or released. It results from the ratio of the plug-in or pulling forces to be used when loosening or establishing the plug connection and the contact force with which the two contact layers are pressed against one another. A constant low coefficient of friction indicates low friction wear.
Bei dem in der Figur 3 gezeigten Kurvenverlauf wurde die Reibzahl derjenigen Schichtenfolge, wie sie anhand der Figur 1 beschrieben ist, in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der durchgeführten Reibzyklen gemessen. Daraus ist ersichtlich, daß die Reibzahl von einem Anfangswert von ca. 0,5 beginnend nach etwa 10 durchgeführten Reibzyklen leicht und nach ca. 80 Reibzyklen deutlich bis auf Werte über 0,6 ansteigt. Dies deutet darauf hin, daß sich hier Partikel zwischen den gegeneinander reibenden Oberflächen gebildet haben, die dann zu einem sich schnell verstärkenden Reibverschleiß beitragen.In the course of the curve shown in FIG. 3, the coefficient of friction of the layer sequence as described with reference to FIG. 1 was measured as a function of the number of friction cycles carried out. From this it can be seen that the coefficient of friction increases slightly from an initial value of approximately 0.5, starting after approximately 10 friction cycles, and increases significantly after approximately 80 friction cycles to values above 0.6. This indicates that particles have formed between the surfaces that rub against each other, which then contribute to rapidly increasing frictional wear.
Bei dem in der Figur 4 dargestellten Kurvenverlauf wurde die Reibzahl eines Kontaktkörpers mit einer Schichtenfolge mit Doppelflash wie sie in Figur 2 dargestellt ist in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl der durchgeführten Reibzyklen gemessen. Daraus ist ersichtlich, daß die Reibzahl von einem niedrigen Anfangswert von etwa 0,3 ausgehend über 2000 Reibzyklen nahezu konstant auf niedrigem Niveau bleibt und erst danach ansteigt.In the course of the curve shown in FIG. 4, the coefficient of friction of a contact body with a layer sequence with double flash as shown in FIG. 2 was measured as a function of the number of friction cycles carried out. From this it can be seen that the coefficient of friction, starting from a low initial value of approximately 0.3, remains almost constant at a low level over 2000 friction cycles and only increases afterwards.
Es wird betont, daß die Kontaktkörper, anhand denen die in den Figuren 3 und 4 wiedergegebenen Meßergebnisse erhalten wurden, sich lediglich darin unterscheiden, daß bei dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Kontaktkörper Figur 3 die Oberflächenschicht aus einer 0,2 µm dicken Goldschicht besteht, während sie bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Kontaktkörper Figur 4 aus einem Doppelflash aus einer 0,1 µm dicken PdAg-Schicht und einer 0,1 µm dicken Gold-Schicht besteht. Der Vergleich der Meßergebnisse zeigt deutlich den positiven Einfluß, den die nur 0,1 µm dicke PdAg-Schicht auf das Reibverschleiß-Verhalten des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Kontaktkörpers hat.It is emphasized that the contact bodies, on the basis of which the measurement results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 were obtained, differ only in the fact that in the contact body known from the prior art, FIG. 3, the surface layer consists of a 0.2 μm thick gold layer , whereas in the contact body according to the invention in FIG. 4 it consists of a double flash of a 0.1 μm thick PdAg layer and a 0.1 μm thick gold layer. The comparison of the measurement results clearly shows the positive influence that the only 0.1 μm thick PdAg layer has on the frictional wear behavior of the electrical contact body according to the invention.
Ähnliche Meßergebnisse wurden auch bei Kontaktkörpern mit Kontaktschichten aus Palladium-Nickel- und Silber-Zinn-Legierungen sowie aus Nickel-Phosphor erhalten, die mit einem Doppelflash versehen waren. Es ist zu erwarten, daß ähnlich positive Effekte des Doppelflashs auch in Verbindung mit anderen Kontaktschichten auftreten werden.Similar measurement results were also obtained for contact bodies with contact layers made of palladium-nickel and silver-tin alloys and of nickel-phosphorus, which were provided with a double flash. It is to be expected that similarly positive effects of the double flash will also occur in connection with other contact layers.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4243570A DE4243570C1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | Electrical contact body - has layer sequence comprising base material, contact layer, and thin, galvanically deposited surface layer contg. Gold@ |
| DE4243570 | 1992-12-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0604710A1 true EP0604710A1 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
| EP0604710B1 EP0604710B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
Family
ID=6476186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93114377A Expired - Lifetime EP0604710B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-09-08 | Electric contact body |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5438175A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0604710B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2504918B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU671164B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2107696C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4243570C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4431847C5 (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 2011-01-27 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Substrate with bondable coating |
| DE19617488C2 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 2002-03-07 | Gustav Krueger | Contact element for detachable electrical connections |
| US5852581A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-12-22 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of stress testing memory integrated circuits |
| JPH117857A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Denso Corp | Membrane switch |
| US6233185B1 (en) | 1997-08-21 | 2001-05-15 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Wafer level burn-in of memory integrated circuits |
| DE19914587C2 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-05-03 | Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh | Smart card |
| DE10008484C2 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2003-07-17 | Ccr Gmbh Beschichtungstechnolo | Coolable high-frequency air coil |
| US20020185716A1 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2002-12-12 | Abys Joseph Anthony | Metal article coated with multilayer finish inhibiting whisker growth |
| CN102047750B (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2013-11-06 | 赫姆洛克半导体公司 | Manufacturing apparatus for depositing a material and an electrode for use therein |
| RU2494579C2 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2013-09-27 | Хемлок Семикондактор Корпорейшн | Production plant for material deposition and electrode for use in it |
| CA2721192A1 (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2009-10-22 | Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation | Manufacturing apparatus for depositing a material and an electrode for use therein |
| SG11201405838WA (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2014-11-27 | Enplas Corp | Electric contact and socket for electrical part |
| US9512529B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2016-12-06 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroplating baths of silver and tin alloys |
| US20180053714A1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Multi-layer electrical contact element |
| DE102017002150A1 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-09-06 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electrical contact element |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3312713A1 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-11 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Silver-coated electrical materials and process for their production |
| EP0410472A2 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1991-01-30 | Yazaki Corporation | Electric contact |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3671702A (en) * | 1971-03-15 | 1972-06-20 | Stromberg Carlson Corp | An electrical contact structure for a switch reed comprising gold and palladium layers |
| DE2540944C3 (en) * | 1975-09-13 | 1978-10-12 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Contact body for an electrical plug contact |
| DE2540943B2 (en) * | 1975-09-13 | 1978-02-02 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | CONTACT BODY FOR AN ELECTRIC CONNECTOR |
| DE2604291C3 (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1981-08-20 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Material arrangement for electrical low-current contacts |
| DE2839671A1 (en) * | 1978-09-12 | 1980-03-13 | Josef Dipl Ing Koza | Electric contact with layered structure - is produced by depositing additional layer of soft rare metal onto layer of hard rare metal |
| US4328286A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1982-05-04 | The International Nickel Co., Inc. | Electrodeposited palladium, method of preparation and electrical contact made thereby |
| JPS55154013A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1980-12-01 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Multilayer contact |
| US4628165A (en) * | 1985-09-11 | 1986-12-09 | Learonal, Inc. | Electrical contacts and methods of making contacts by electrodeposition |
| EP0247541B1 (en) * | 1986-05-26 | 1990-10-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Contact element for electrical switch contacts |
| JPH01260721A (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1989-10-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | Electric contact |
| DE4013627A1 (en) * | 1990-04-27 | 1991-10-31 | Siemens Ag | Electric switch contact element - with contact layer surface of silver- or gold- contg. palladium alloy |
| US5139890A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1992-08-18 | Olin Corporation | Silver-coated electrical components |
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 DE DE4243570A patent/DE4243570C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-08 DE DE59309427T patent/DE59309427D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-08 EP EP93114377A patent/EP0604710B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-05 CA CA002107696A patent/CA2107696C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-02 US US08/161,332 patent/US5438175A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-07 JP JP5306380A patent/JP2504918B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-21 AU AU52575/93A patent/AU671164B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3312713A1 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1984-10-11 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Silver-coated electrical materials and process for their production |
| EP0410472A2 (en) * | 1989-07-27 | 1991-01-30 | Yazaki Corporation | Electric contact |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| WHITLAW: "Gold flashed palladium nickel for electronic contacts", TRANS IMF, vol. 64, 1986, UK, pages 62 - 67 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2504918B2 (en) | 1996-06-05 |
| EP0604710B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| CA2107696A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| DE59309427D1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| CA2107696C (en) | 1997-01-14 |
| AU5257593A (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| AU671164B2 (en) | 1996-08-15 |
| US5438175A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
| JPH06223664A (en) | 1994-08-12 |
| DE4243570C1 (en) | 1994-01-27 |
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