EP0603090A1 - Child-resistant screw closure moulded from plastic - Google Patents
Child-resistant screw closure moulded from plastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0603090A1 EP0603090A1 EP93420498A EP93420498A EP0603090A1 EP 0603090 A1 EP0603090 A1 EP 0603090A1 EP 93420498 A EP93420498 A EP 93420498A EP 93420498 A EP93420498 A EP 93420498A EP 0603090 A1 EP0603090 A1 EP 0603090A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ear
- container
- neck
- cover
- skirt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D50/00—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures
- B65D50/02—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions
- B65D50/04—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one
- B65D50/045—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one where one action elastically deforms or deflects at least part of the closure, the container or an intermediate element, e.g. a ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D50/00—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures
- B65D50/02—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions
- B65D50/04—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one
- B65D50/045—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one where one action elastically deforms or deflects at least part of the closure, the container or an intermediate element, e.g. a ring
- B65D50/046—Closures with means for discouraging unauthorised opening or removal thereof, with or without indicating means, e.g. child-proof closures openable or removable by the combination of plural actions requiring the combination of simultaneous actions, e.g. depressing and turning, lifting and turning, maintaining a part and turning another one where one action elastically deforms or deflects at least part of the closure, the container or an intermediate element, e.g. a ring and such deformation causes the disengagement of locking means, e.g. the release of a pawl-like element from a tooth or abutment, to allow removal of the closure by simultaneous rotation
Definitions
- Childproof is commonly used to designate safety shutter devices which require, for the opening of the bottle, flask or other container to which they are subjected, a complex operation which is likely to protect the contents of the container from children.
- Devices of this type known in practice generally include (see in particular EP-A-369 166 HENKEL) an upper transverse bottom with circular profile which is connected to two concentric cylindrical skirts.
- the inner skirt has a thread which is intended to cooperate with the thread of the neck of the container to ensure the fixing of the device by screwing, while the outer skirt is interrupted longitudinally by at least one opening to make room for a tilting locking lug.
- this ear In the vicinity of its lower edge, this ear is provided with a projecting tooth which is intended to cooperate with a stop or relief provided at the base of the neck of the container to prevent rotation of the device in the direction corresponding to the unscrewing. For opening the user must therefore exert pressure on the ear to allow, by tilting, the tooth to escape the stop by allowing unscrewing.
- each ear is placed at the level of the outer skirt in order to be easily pressed by the user, it is made integral with the inner skirt of the device by a transverse web forming a pivot hinge.
- the invention consists in making the pivot pivot of the ear in the form of two opposite lateral bridges which join, in the same transverse plane parallel to the bottom of the device, the longitudinal edges of the ear to the edges of the lateral opening of the outer skirt.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a closure device according to the invention and the neck of the corresponding container.
- Fig. 2 is an elevational view of one of the locking ears.
- Fig. 3 is a partial axial section along the plane indicated in III-III in FIG. 4.
- Fig. 4 is a cross section along the plane indicated in IV-IV in FIG. 3.
- Fig. 5 and 6 are sections similar to those of FIG. 3 and 4, representing the ear, no longer in the locked position, but when unscrewing the device.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 1, but corresponding to another embodiment of the device.
- Fig. 8 and 9 are axial sections showing the device in FIG. 7 in the locked position, respectively when unscrewing.
- the device comprises, in the manner known per se, a transverse bottom 1 secured on the one hand to a threaded inner skirt 2 adapted to cooperate with the thread 3 has a neck 3, on the other hand an outer skirt 4 which is interrupted by two diametrically opposite openings to make room for two tilting locking ears 5.
- Each ear 5 has, on its inner wall, a projecting tooth 5 a which is provided radially at its lower edge to cooperate with a relief or stop 3 b of the neck 3.
- each ear 5 are joined to the longitudinal edges of the opening of the outer skirt 4 by two bridges 6 oriented along the same transverse axis parallel to the bottom 1, said bridges thus defining an axis for pivoting of the intended ear. It is also joined at the bottom 1 by two guarantee pins 7, capable of being easily torn by compression during the first operation of the device when unclogging.
- the two bridges 6 and the two pins 7 allow, during molding, the passage of the synthetic material necessary for the formation of each ear 5.
- the bridges 6 have sufficient deformability to allow easy pivoting, whatever the nature of the resin used. Furthermore, the amplitude of the angular tilting of each ear can be adjusted without constraint by means of an appropriate positioning of the plane defined by the two bridges 6.
- Fig. 7-9 illustrate the application of the invention to a closure device of the type "childproof" wherein the transverse end wall 10 comprises a central hole 10 a adapted to be plugged with an axial boss 11 provided at the center of a articulated cover 11.
- the bottom 10 is connected to an internal skirt 12 which is screwed onto the thread 13 has a neck 13, and to an external skirt 14 which is equipped, opposite the hinge of the cover 11 of a tilting locking lug 15, which is joined to the outer skirt 14 by two lateral bridges 16 opposite one another.
- the base of the ear 15 has a tooth 15 a which projects radially outwards, while its upper transverse edge has a flange 15 b which surmounts a horizontal lip 15 c .
- the lower tooth 15 a cooperates with one of three stops 13 b provided at the base of the neck 13, which prohibits the unscrewing of the closure device.
- the flange 15 b retains a spout 11 b provided on the articulated cover 11, opposite the hinge. The cover 11 is thus held in place by the projection 11 sealingly introduced into the hole 10a of the base 10; access to the contents of the container is therefore prohibited.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
On sait que le terme de "childproof" est communément utilisé pour désigner des dispositifs d'obturation de sécurité qui nécessitent, pour l'ouverture de la bouteille, flacon ou autre récipient sur lequel ils sont assujettis, une manoeuvre complexe qui est de nature à mettre le contenu dudit récipient à l'abri des enfants.We know that the term "childproof" is commonly used to designate safety shutter devices which require, for the opening of the bottle, flask or other container to which they are subjected, a complex operation which is likely to protect the contents of the container from children.
Les dispositifs de ce type connus en pratique comportent généralement (voir notamment EP-A-369 166 HENKEL) un fond transversal supérieur à profil circulaire qui se raccorde à deux jupes cylindriques concentriques. La jupe intérieure présente un filetage qui est destiné à coopérer avec le filetage du goulot du récipient pour assurer la fixation du dispositif par vissage, tandis que la jupe extérieure est interrompue longitudinalement par au moins une ouverture pour laisser place à une oreille basculante de verrouillage.Devices of this type known in practice generally include (see in particular EP-A-369 166 HENKEL) an upper transverse bottom with circular profile which is connected to two concentric cylindrical skirts. The inner skirt has a thread which is intended to cooperate with the thread of the neck of the container to ensure the fixing of the device by screwing, while the outer skirt is interrupted longitudinally by at least one opening to make room for a tilting locking lug.
Au voisinage de son bord inférieur, cette oreille est pourvue d'une dent en saillie qui est destinée à coopérer avec une butée ou relief prévu à la base du goulot du récipient pour interdire la rotation du dispositif dans le sens correspondant au dévissage. Pour l'ouverture l'utilisateur doit en conséquence exercer une pression sur l'oreille pour permettre, moyennant basculement, à la dent d'échapper à la butée en autorisant le dévissage.In the vicinity of its lower edge, this ear is provided with a projecting tooth which is intended to cooperate with a stop or relief provided at the base of the neck of the container to prevent rotation of the device in the direction corresponding to the unscrewing. For opening the user must therefore exert pressure on the ear to allow, by tilting, the tooth to escape the stop by allowing unscrewing.
Dans les dispositifs connus, si chaque oreille se trouve disposée au niveau de la jupe extérieure afin d'être facilement pressée par l'utilisateur, elle est rendue solidaire de la jupe intérieure du dispositif par un voile transversal formant charnière de pivotement.In known devices, if each ear is placed at the level of the outer skirt in order to be easily pressed by the user, it is made integral with the inner skirt of the device by a transverse web forming a pivot hinge.
Cette disposition présente des inconvénients pratiques non négligeables. En premier lieu la souplesse de pivotement dépend de la rigidité plus ou moins accentuée de la matière plastique qui constitue le dispositif, ce qui interdit en fait le recours à certaines résines synthétiques qui conviendraient par contre pour la réalisation du dispositif eu égard à la nature du contenu du récipient ; en tout état de cause l'effort à exercer reste important par suite de la géométrie même de la charnière. Par ailleurs et toujours dans le même ordre d'idée, l'amplitude de basculement de l'oreille est limitée par le positionnement même du voile ou charnière, ledit positionnement étant imposé pour permettre une rotation aisée.This arrangement has significant practical drawbacks. In the first place, the flexibility of pivoting depends on the more or less accentuated rigidity of the plastic material which constitutes the device, which in fact prohibits the use of certain synthetic resins which would on the other hand be suitable for the production of the device having regard to the nature of the contents of container; in any event, the effort to be exerted remains significant owing to the very geometry of the hinge. Furthermore and always in the same vein, the amplitude of tilting of the ear is limited by the very positioning of the veil or hinge, said positioning being imposed to allow easy rotation.
C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend remédier la présente invention, laquelle a pour objet le dispositif d'obturation qui est défini à la revendication 1.It is these drawbacks that the present invention intends to remedy, which relates to the closure device which is defined in
En fait l'invention consiste à réaliser le pivot de basculement de l'oreille sous la forme de deux pontets latéraux opposés qui réunissent, dans un même plan transversal parallèle au fond du dispositif, les bords longitudinaux de l'oreille aux bords de l'ouverture latérale de la jupe extérieure.In fact the invention consists in making the pivot pivot of the ear in the form of two opposite lateral bridges which join, in the same transverse plane parallel to the bottom of the device, the longitudinal edges of the ear to the edges of the lateral opening of the outer skirt.
Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention :The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention:
Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective montrant un dispositif d'obturation suivant l'invention et le goulot du récipient correspondant.Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a closure device according to the invention and the neck of the corresponding container.
Fig. 2 est une vue en élévation de l'une des oreilles de verrouillage.Fig. 2 is an elevational view of one of the locking ears.
Fig. 3 est une coupe axiale partielle suivant le plan indiqué en III-III en fig. 4.Fig. 3 is a partial axial section along the plane indicated in III-III in FIG. 4.
Fig. 4 est une coupe transversale suivant le plan indiqué en IV-IV en fig. 3.Fig. 4 is a cross section along the plane indicated in IV-IV in FIG. 3.
Fig. 5 et 6 sont des coupes analogues à celles de fig. 3 et 4, représentant l'oreille, non plus en position de verrouillage, mais lors du dévissage du dispositif.Fig. 5 and 6 are sections similar to those of FIG. 3 and 4, representing the ear, no longer in the locked position, but when unscrewing the device.
Fig. 7 est une vue en perspective analogue à celle de fig. 1, mais correspondant à une autre forme de réalisation du dispositif.Fig. 7 is a perspective view similar to that of FIG. 1, but corresponding to another embodiment of the device.
Fig. 8 et 9 sont des coupes axiales montrant le dispositif de fig. 7 en position verrouillée, respectivement lors du dévissage.Fig. 8 and 9 are axial sections showing the device in FIG. 7 in the locked position, respectively when unscrewing.
Dans la forme de réalisation suivant fig. 1 à 6, le dispositif comprend, à la façon en soi connue, un fond transversal 1 solidaire d'une part d'une jupe intérieure filetée 2 propre à coopérer avec le filetage 3a du goulot 3, d'autre part d'une jupe extérieure 4 qui est interrompue par deux ouvertures diamétralement opposées pour laisser place à deux oreilles basculantes de verrouillage 5. Chaque oreille 5 comporte, sur sa paroi intérieure, une dent en saillie 5a qui est prévue radialement au niveau de son bord inférieur pour coopérer avec un relief ou butée 3b du goulot 3.In the embodiment according to fig. 1 to 6, the device comprises, in the manner known per se, a
Suivant l'invention, les bords verticaux de chaque oreille 5 sont réunis aux bords longitudinaux de l'ouverture de la jupe extérieure 4 par deux pontets 6 orientés suivant un même axe transversal parallèle au fond 1, lesdits pontets définissant ainsi un axe pour le pivotement de l'oreille envisagée. Celle-ci est en outre réunie au fond 1 par deux picots de garantie 7, susceptibles d'être aisément déchirés par compression lors de la première manoeuvre du dispositif au débouchage.According to the invention, the vertical edges of each
Fig. 3 et 4 font bien comprendre que la coopération de la dent 5a avec la butée 3b interdit la manoeuvre au dévissage, manoeuvre qui ne peut être effectuée que moyennant une pression (flèche F de fig. 5) exercée par l'utilisateur sur les deux oreilles 5 (cf. fig. 5 et 6).Fig. 3 and 4 make it clear that the cooperation of
Les deux pontets 6 et les deux picots 7 permettent, lors du moulage, le passage de la matière synthétique nécessaire à la formation de chaque oreille 5. Les pontets 6 présentent une déformabilité suffisante pour autoriser un pivotement aisé, quelle que soit la nature de la résine employée. En outre l'amplitude du basculement angulaire de chaque oreille peut être réglée sans contrainte moyennant un positionnement approprié du plan défini par les deux pontets 6.The two
Fig. 7 à 9 illustrent l'application de l'invention à un dispositif d'obturation du type "childproof" dans lequel le fond transversal 10 comporte un trou central 10a propre à être bouché par un bossage axial 11a prévu au centre d'un opercule articulé 11. Le fond 10 se raccorde à une jupe intérieure 12 qui se visse sur le filet 13a du goulot 13, et à une jupe extérieure 14 qui est équipée, à I'opposé de la charnière de l'opercule 11 d'une oreille basculante de verrouillage 15, laquelle est réunie à la jupe extérieure 14 par deux pontets latéraux 16 opposés l'un à l'autre. La base de l'oreille 15 présente une dent 15a qui fait radialement saillie vers l'extérieur, tandis que son bord transversal supérieur comporte un rebord 15b qui surmonte une lèvre horizontale 15c.Fig. 7-9 illustrate the application of the invention to a closure device of the type "childproof" wherein the
A la position fermée suivant fig. 8, la dent inférieure 15a coopère avec l'une de trois butées 13b prévues à la base du goulot 13, ce qui interdit le dévissage du dispositif d'obturation. En même temps le rebord 15b retient un bec 11b prévu sur l'opercule articulé 11, à l'opposé de la charnière. L'opercule 11 est ainsi retenu en place avec le bossage 11a introduit de manière étanche dans le trou 10a du fond 10 ; l'accès au contenu du récipient est en conséquence interdit.In the closed position according to fig. 8, the
En fig. 9 on a supposé que l'utilisateur exerçait sur l'oreille 15 une pression appliquée à sa partie inférieure (flèche F'). Le basculement de l'oreille 15 autour des pontets 16 provoque d'une part l'escamotage de la dent 15a par rapport à la butée fixe 13b qui interdisait le dévissage du dispositif, d'autre part la libération de I'opercule 11 par éclipsage du rebord 15b, étant observé que la lèvre 15c oblige simultanément ledit opercule à s'ouvrir au moins partiellement.In fig. 9 it was assumed that the user exerted on the
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9215423A FR2699145A1 (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1992-12-14 | Protective screw cap, made of molded plastic. |
FR9215423 | 1992-12-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0603090A1 true EP0603090A1 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
Family
ID=9436874
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93420498A Withdrawn EP0603090A1 (en) | 1992-12-14 | 1993-12-13 | Child-resistant screw closure moulded from plastic |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0603090A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2110746A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2699145A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997021604A1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-19 | INNOCOS INNOVATIVE VERPACKUNGEN FüR DIE KOSMETISCHE INDUSTRIE GMBH | Closure cap |
WO1998021113A1 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-05-22 | Bouchons Mac Inc. | Closure cap |
DE29811680U1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 1999-11-11 | Yankee Polish Lüth GmbH + Co., 21465 Reinbek | Dosing cap for flowable or pourable media |
US6036036A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 2000-03-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Adult friendly child-resistant package |
FR2804091A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-27 | Alsacienne De Metaux Et Matier | Child-proof closure for bottle of pharmaceutical syrup consists of annular decanter on to spout with intermediate sleeve which carries catches cooperating with catches on decanter to form child-proof closure |
US9975670B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2018-05-22 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Container with button release |
US10889416B2 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2021-01-12 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Child resistant container and method of opening same |
US10961030B2 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2021-03-30 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Slidably openable child resistant container |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2471329A1 (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-06-19 | Barbarroux Louis | Child-resistant screw cap closure - with external levers which must be operated while unscrewing the closure |
US4752014A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1988-06-21 | Poly-Seal Corporation | Tamper-evident child-resistant closure and container with same |
US4892208A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-01-09 | Specialty Packaging Licensing Company | Child-resistant closure assembly |
EP0369166A2 (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1990-05-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Child-resistant screw closure |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU3879478A (en) * | 1977-08-09 | 1980-02-14 | Formould Pty Ltd | Closure member |
-
1992
- 1992-12-14 FR FR9215423A patent/FR2699145A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-12-06 CA CA 2110746 patent/CA2110746A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-13 EP EP93420498A patent/EP0603090A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2471329A1 (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-06-19 | Barbarroux Louis | Child-resistant screw cap closure - with external levers which must be operated while unscrewing the closure |
US4752014A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1988-06-21 | Poly-Seal Corporation | Tamper-evident child-resistant closure and container with same |
US4892208A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-01-09 | Specialty Packaging Licensing Company | Child-resistant closure assembly |
EP0369166A2 (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1990-05-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Child-resistant screw closure |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6036036A (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 2000-03-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Adult friendly child-resistant package |
WO1997021604A1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-19 | INNOCOS INNOVATIVE VERPACKUNGEN FüR DIE KOSMETISCHE INDUSTRIE GMBH | Closure cap |
US6152329A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2000-11-28 | Innocos Innovative Verpackungen Fur Die Kosmetische Industrie Gmbh | Locking device for a closure cap |
WO1998021113A1 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-05-22 | Bouchons Mac Inc. | Closure cap |
US5860543A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-01-19 | Bouchons Mac Inc. | Closure cap |
AU725411B2 (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 2000-10-12 | Bouchons Mac Inc. | Closure cap |
DE29811680U1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 1999-11-11 | Yankee Polish Lüth GmbH + Co., 21465 Reinbek | Dosing cap for flowable or pourable media |
FR2804091A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-27 | Alsacienne De Metaux Et Matier | Child-proof closure for bottle of pharmaceutical syrup consists of annular decanter on to spout with intermediate sleeve which carries catches cooperating with catches on decanter to form child-proof closure |
US9975670B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2018-05-22 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Container with button release |
US10472136B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2019-11-12 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Container with button release |
US10889416B2 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2021-01-12 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Child resistant container and method of opening same |
US10961030B2 (en) | 2017-04-24 | 2021-03-30 | Csp Technologies, Inc. | Slidably openable child resistant container |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2110746A1 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
FR2699145A1 (en) | 1994-06-17 |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19960702 |