EP0599192A1 - Method for monitoring and operating a radio link between sensors and central unit of an alarm system - Google Patents
Method for monitoring and operating a radio link between sensors and central unit of an alarm system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0599192A1 EP0599192A1 EP93118557A EP93118557A EP0599192A1 EP 0599192 A1 EP0599192 A1 EP 0599192A1 EP 93118557 A EP93118557 A EP 93118557A EP 93118557 A EP93118557 A EP 93118557A EP 0599192 A1 EP0599192 A1 EP 0599192A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- central unit
- monitoring
- sensors
- alarm
- alarm system
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B26/00—Alarm systems in which substations are interrogated in succession by a central station
- G08B26/007—Wireless interrogation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring and operating a radio link between the outstations and the central unit of an alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1.
- alarm systems are usually installed that enable interior monitoring and exterior skin protection. Even in comparatively small buildings, a large number of individual sensors are necessary in order to monitor the individual rooms and their access options, for example windows.
- the European patent application EP O 253 156 A1 proposes to install a communication unit in every room.
- This communication unit is connected to the central unit via an alarm line.
- the individual monitoring sensors are equipped with a transmitting and receiving device, so that they are wirelessly connected to the communication unit.
- the installation effort is considerably reduced, but lines still have to be laid in the individual rooms.
- the data telegrams must be exchanged between the central unit and the signaling units at a certain time interval in order to be able to detect interference on the radio link. This additional exchange of data telegrams consumes additional energy. Since the signaling units with battery, rechargeable battery or If solar energy has to be operated in order not to lose the advantage of wireless installation, the additional load from the regular data telegrams can significantly shorten the battery life or, in the case of solar power supply, require a more powerful solar cell.
- An improvement in power consumption is achieved in a radio transmission method according to European laid-open specification 0 293 627 A1, in that the front-door stations remain switched off as long as no information is present, i.e. as long as there is no alarm.
- the outstations are only switched on in the event of an alarm.
- the central unit carries out a total poll at regular intervals, in which all outstations are polled simultaneously. Only in the event of an alarm, i.e. when at least one front-door station is switched on for the total polling, is a polling cycle started, in which all front-door stations are polled one after the other.
- This measure reduces energy consumption, but it also reduces the security of the alarm system because data is only exchanged in the event of an alarm.
- a defective or out-of-order outdoor station is not recognized as defective, but as an outdoor station to which no information is available, i.e. there is no alarm.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the additional energy consumption caused by the exchange of the data telegrams to a minimum, the reliability of the alarm system being at least retained or improved.
- the field strength in the radio channels available for the alarm system is monitored in the receiver of the central unit or the external stations, for example monitoring sensors. Depending on the result of the monitoring, the time intervals for exchanging the data telegrams are then determined.
- interference field strengths can be caused by other devices that work in the microwave range, or they are generated with the intention of disrupting the radio alarm system.
- a data telegram exchange is initiated more frequently than in normal operation. In normal operation, ie if no interference field strength is detected, a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example, every 20-30 seconds. In interference mode, ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram exchange takes place, for example, every 4-5 seconds. The association of property insurers is currently stipulating a data telegram exchange every 10 seconds. If one assumes that there is no interference during the majority of the time, the average time between two data messages is about 25 seconds is, the energy consumption can be reduced by a factor of 2.5 through the security queries, without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.
- the data telegrams not only contain information about the security of the radio link, but if at the same time information about the functionality of the reporting units is transmitted. For example, the functionality of the sensors or the transmitter / receiver units can be monitored by the data telegram. In this way, the data telegrams can also be used to check the functionality, the energy consumption remaining low, since there is no need for a separate exchange of information.
- This configuration of the invention makes it possible to change the batteries or the rechargeable battery only when the need for this is present.
- the user of the alarm system is no longer forced to carry out a precautionary replacement of the energy store without there being a concrete need to avoid that Signaling units fail due to a lack of power supply.
- Another embodiment of the invention provides that an alarm is triggered for a predetermined time when the data telegram exchange is interrupted. This measure ensures that the alarm is activated, for example, in the event of a failure of monitoring sensors due to disassembly or destruction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Überwachung und zum Betrieb einer Funkstrecke zwischen den Außenstationen und der Zentraleinheit einer Alarmanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for monitoring and operating a radio link between the outstations and the central unit of an alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Zur Überwachung von Gewerbe- oder Privatgebäuden werden in der Regel Alarmanlagen installiert, die eine Innenraumüberwachung und eine Außenhautsicherung ermöglichen. Bereits bei vergleichsweise kleinen Gebäuden ist eine Vielzahl von einzelnen Sensoren notwendig, um die einzelnen Räume und deren Zugangsmöglichkeiten, beispielsweise Fenster, zu überwachen.For monitoring commercial or private buildings, alarm systems are usually installed that enable interior monitoring and exterior skin protection. Even in comparatively small buildings, a large number of individual sensors are necessary in order to monitor the individual rooms and their access options, for example windows.
Um den Installationsaufwand, der durch das Verlegen von Leitungen, die die einzelnen Sensoren und die Zentraleinheit verbinden, zu verringern, wird in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP O 253 156 A1 vorgeschlagen, in jedem Raum eine Kommunikationseinheit anzubringen. Diese Kommunikationseinheit wird mit der Zentraleinheit über eine Meldeleitung verbunden. Die einzelnen Überwachungssensoren sind mit einer Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung ausgestattet, so daß sie mit der Kommunikationseinheit drahtlos verbunden sind. Bei dieser Ausführung einer Alarmanlage verringert sich der Installationsaufwand zwar beträchtlich, es müssen aber immer noch Leitungen in die einzelnen Räume gelegt werden.In order to reduce the installation effort caused by the laying of lines that connect the individual sensors and the central unit, the European patent application EP O 253 156 A1 proposes to install a communication unit in every room. This communication unit is connected to the central unit via an alarm line. The individual monitoring sensors are equipped with a transmitting and receiving device, so that they are wirelessly connected to the communication unit. With this version of an alarm system, the installation effort is considerably reduced, but lines still have to be laid in the individual rooms.
Eine verbesserte Alarmanlage ist aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE 40 35 070 A1 bekannt. Bei dieser Alarmanlage werden alle Meldeeinheiten, die aus Sensoren und Sende-/Empfangseinheiten bestehen, direkt über eine Funkstrecke mit der Zentraleinheit drahtlos verbunden. Bei einer derartigen Anlage entfallen sämtliche Installationsarbeiten. Um die vom Verband der Sachversicherer gestellten bzw. zu erwartenden Forderungen an die Betriebssicherheit zu erfüllen, werden Vorkehrungen getroffen, die eine Fehlalarmauslösung und eine Blockierung des Alarms verhindern.
Dies wird erreicht, indem die Meldeeinheiten jeweils zwei Funksignale abstrahlen, die eine unterschiedliche Trägerfrequenz aufweisen und in Datentelegrammen fest vorgegebener Codierung verschlüsselt sind. Weiterhin wird die Feldstärke der empfangenen Signale der Meldeeinheiten überprüft und bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen Feldstärkewertes über einen bestimmten Zeitraum wird eine Warnanzeige ausgelöst.An improved alarm system is known from German Offenlegungsschrift DE 40 35 070 A1. With this alarm system, all signaling units consisting of sensors and transmitter / receiver units are connected wirelessly directly to the central unit via a radio link. With such a system, all installation work is eliminated. In order to meet the requirements placed on operational safety by the association of property insurers, or to be expected, precautions are taken to prevent false alarms from being triggered and the alarm to be blocked.
This is achieved in that the signaling units each emit two radio signals which have a different carrier frequency and are encoded in data telegrams of a fixed, predetermined coding. Furthermore, the field strength of the received signals of the signaling units is checked and a warning is triggered if a predetermined field strength value is exceeded for a certain period of time.
Die Datentelegramme müssen in einem bestimmten Zeitabstand zwischen der Zentraleinheit und den Meldeeinheiten ausgetauscht werden, um Störungen auf der Funkstrecke erkennen zu können. Durch diesen zusätzlichen Austausch der Datentelegramme wird zusätzliche Energie verbraucht. Da die Meldeeinheiten mit Batterie, Akku oder Solarenergie betrieben werden müssen, um nicht den Vorteil der kabellosen Installation zu verlieren, kann die zusätzliche Belastung durch die regelmäßigen Datentelegramme die Batterielebensdauer erheblich verkürzen oder, im Fall der Solarstromversorgung, eine leistungsfähigere Solarzelle erfordern.The data telegrams must be exchanged between the central unit and the signaling units at a certain time interval in order to be able to detect interference on the radio link. This additional exchange of data telegrams consumes additional energy. Since the signaling units with battery, rechargeable battery or If solar energy has to be operated in order not to lose the advantage of wireless installation, the additional load from the regular data telegrams can significantly shorten the battery life or, in the case of solar power supply, require a more powerful solar cell.
Eine Verbesserung in Bezug auf den Stromverbrauch wird bei einem Funkübertragungsverfahren nach der europäischen Offenlegungsschrift 0 293 627 A1 erreicht, indem die Außenstationen ausgeschaltet bleiben, solange keine Informationen anliegen, d.h. solange kein Alarmfall vorliegt. Die Außenstationen werden nur im Alarmfall eingeschaltet. In regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wird von der Zentraleinheit eine Summenabfrage durchgeführt, bei der alle Außenstationen gleichzeitig abgefragt werden. Nur im Fall eines Alarmes, wenn also mindestens eine Außenstation bei der Summenabfrage eingeschaltet ist, wird ein Abfragezyklus gestartet, bei dem nacheinander alle Außenstationen einzeln abgefragt werden Durch diese Maßnahme wird zwar der Energieverbrauch gesenkt, es ist aber auch die Sicherheit der Alarmanlage vermindert, da ein Austausch von Daten nur im Alarmfall durchgeführt wird. Eine defekte oder außer Betrieb gesetzte Außenstation wird nicht als defekt erkannt, sondern als eine Außenstation, an der keine Information anliegt, d.h. kein Alarmfall vorliegt.An improvement in power consumption is achieved in a radio transmission method according to European laid-open specification 0 293 627 A1, in that the front-door stations remain switched off as long as no information is present, i.e. as long as there is no alarm. The outstations are only switched on in the event of an alarm. The central unit carries out a total poll at regular intervals, in which all outstations are polled simultaneously. Only in the event of an alarm, i.e. when at least one front-door station is switched on for the total polling, is a polling cycle started, in which all front-door stations are polled one after the other.This measure reduces energy consumption, but it also reduces the security of the alarm system because data is only exchanged in the event of an alarm. A defective or out-of-order outdoor station is not recognized as defective, but as an outdoor station to which no information is available, i.e. there is no alarm.
Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, den durch den Austausch der Datentelegramme verursachten zusätzlichen Energieverbrauch auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, wobei die Zuverlässigkeit der Alarmanlage zumindest erhalten bleibt oder verbessert wird.The invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the additional energy consumption caused by the exchange of the data telegrams to a minimum, the reliability of the alarm system being at least retained or improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved in a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
Entsprechend der Erfindung wird im Empfänger der Zentraleinheit oder der Außenstationen, beispielsweise Überwachungssensoren, die Feldstärke in den für die Alarmanlage zur Verfügung stehenden Funkkanälen überwacht. In Abhängigkeit des Ergebnisses der Überwachung werden dann die Zeitabstände für den Austausch der Datentelegramme festgelegt.According to the invention, the field strength in the radio channels available for the alarm system is monitored in the receiver of the central unit or the external stations, for example monitoring sensors. Depending on the result of the monitoring, the time intervals for exchanging the data telegrams are then determined.
Da die Funkalarmanlagen auch in einem Frequenzbereich von 2 - 3 GHz betrieben werden, können zum einen Störfeldstärken von anderen Geräten, die im Mikrowellenbereich arbeiten, verursacht werden, oder sie werden, mit der Absicht die Funkalarmanlage zu stören, erzeugt. In dem Fall, daß derartige Störungen erkannt werden, wird ein Datentelegrammaustausch häufiger veranlaßt als im Normalbetrieb. Im Normalbetrieb, d.h. wenn keine Störfeldstärke detektiert wird, wird ein Datentelegrammaustausch beispielsweise alle 20 - 30 Sekunden veranlaßt. Im Störbetrieb, d.h. wenn eine Störfeldstärke detektiert wird, erfolgt der Datentelegrammaustausch beispielsweise alle 4 - 5 Sekunden.
Vom Verband der Sachversicherer ist im Moment für alle 10 Sekunden ein Datentelegrammaustausch vorgeschrieben. Wenn man davon ausgeht, daß während der überwiegenden Zeit keine Störungen vorliegen und somit die durchschnittliche Zeitdauer zwischen zwei Datentelegrammen etwa 25 Sekunden beträgt, läßt sich der Energieverbrauch durch die Sicherheitsabfragen um den Faktor 2,5 reduzieren, ohne Einschränkungen in der Betriebssicherheit der Alarmanlage hinnehmen zu müssen.Since the radio alarm systems are also operated in a frequency range of 2 - 3 GHz, interference field strengths can be caused by other devices that work in the microwave range, or they are generated with the intention of disrupting the radio alarm system. In the event that such faults are recognized, a data telegram exchange is initiated more frequently than in normal operation. In normal operation, ie if no interference field strength is detected, a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example, every 20-30 seconds. In interference mode, ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram exchange takes place, for example, every 4-5 seconds.
The association of property insurers is currently stipulating a data telegram exchange every 10 seconds. If one assumes that there is no interference during the majority of the time, the average time between two data messages is about 25 seconds is, the energy consumption can be reduced by a factor of 2.5 through the security queries, without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.
Als vorteilhaft wird es angesehen, wenn die Datentelegramme nicht nur Informationen über die Sicherheit der Funkstrecke enthalten, sondern wenn gleichzeitig Informationen über die Funktionsfähigkeit der Meldeeinheiten übertragen werden. So kann durch das Datentelegramm beispielsweise die Funktionsfähigkeit der Sensoren oder der Sende-/Empfangseinheiten überwacht werden. Auf diese Weise können die Datentelegramme auch zur Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit benutzt werden, wobei der Energieaufwand unverändert niedrig bleibt, da ein separater Informationsaustausch entfällt.It is considered to be advantageous if the data telegrams not only contain information about the security of the radio link, but if at the same time information about the functionality of the reporting units is transmitted. For example, the functionality of the sensors or the transmitter / receiver units can be monitored by the data telegram. In this way, the data telegrams can also be used to check the functionality, the energy consumption remaining low, since there is no need for a separate exchange of information.
Es hat sich auch als vorteilhaft erwiesen, mittels des Datentelegrammaustausches den Zustand der Batterieladung oder der Akkuladung an die Zentraleinheit weiterzuleiten und in der Zentraleinheit ein entsprechendes Warnsignal auszugeben, wenn der Ladezustand der Batterie oder des Akkus eine bestimmte Grenze, bei der noch ein sicherer Betrieb der Meldeeinheit gewährleistet ist, unterschritten hat.It has also proven to be advantageous to forward the state of the battery charge or the battery charge to the central unit by means of the data telegram exchange and to issue a corresponding warning signal in the central unit when the state of charge of the battery or the rechargeable battery reaches a certain limit at which safe operation of the Reporting unit is guaranteed to have fallen below.
Durch diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist es möglich, die Batterien bzw. den Akku erst zu wechseln, wenn die Notwendigkeit dazu gegeben ist. Der Benutzer der Alarmanlage ist nicht mehr gezwungen, vorsorglich einen Austausch der Energiespeicher vorzunehmen, ohne daß konkret die Notwendigkeit besteht, um zu vermeiden, daß Meldeeinheiten auf Grund mangelnder Stromversorgung ausfallen.This configuration of the invention makes it possible to change the batteries or the rechargeable battery only when the need for this is present. The user of the alarm system is no longer forced to carry out a precautionary replacement of the energy store without there being a concrete need to avoid that Signaling units fail due to a lack of power supply.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß bei einer Unterbrechung des Datentelegrammaustausches für eine vorbestimmte Zeit Alarm ausgelöst wird. Durch diese Maßnahme wird sichergestellt, daß beispielsweise bei einem Ausfall von Überwachungssensoren durch Demontage oder Zerstörung die Alarmgabe aktiviert wird.Another embodiment of the invention provides that an alarm is triggered for a predetermined time when the data telegram exchange is interrupted. This measure ensures that the alarm is activated, for example, in the event of a failure of monitoring sensors due to disassembly or destruction.
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zeitabstände für den Austausch der Datentelegramme in Abhängigkeit vom Auftreten betriebsuntypischer Feldstärken verändert werden.Method for monitoring and operating a radio link between the central unit of an alarm system and its external stations containing monitoring sensors, data telegrams being exchanged between the external stations and the central unit and the field strength being monitored in the available radio channels,
characterized in that the time intervals for exchanging the data telegrams are changed as a function of the occurrence of field strengths that are not typical for operation.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ausgetauschten Datentelegramme Informationen über die Funktionsfähigkeit der Sensoren enthalten.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the exchanged data telegrams contain information about the functionality of the sensors.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Datentelegrammen Informationen über den Ladezustand der Energiequelle der Außenstationen enthalten sind, und daß bei einem zu geringen Ladezustand in der Zentraleinheit ein Warnsignal ausgegeben wird.Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that the data telegrams contain information about the state of charge of the energy source of the outstations, and that a warning signal is output in the central unit if the state of charge is too low.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auch dann Alarm ausgelöst wird, wenn der Telegrammaustausch für einen festgelegten Zeitraum unterbrochen ist.A method according to claim 1 or claim 2,
characterized in that the alarm is also triggered when the telegram exchange is interrupted for a defined period of time.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4239702A DE4239702C1 (en) | 1992-11-26 | 1992-11-26 | Method for monitoring and operating a radio link between the central unit of an alarm system and its outstations containing monitoring sensors |
| DE4239702 | 1992-11-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0599192A1 true EP0599192A1 (en) | 1994-06-01 |
| EP0599192B1 EP0599192B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
Family
ID=6473663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93118557A Expired - Lifetime EP0599192B1 (en) | 1992-11-26 | 1993-11-18 | Method for monitoring and operating a radio link between sensors and central unit of an alarm system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0599192B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE172807T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4239702C1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0651362A1 (en) * | 1993-10-30 | 1995-05-03 | GRUNDIG E.M.V. Elektro-Mechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH & Co. KG | Multichannel radio alarm system using frequency hopping |
| EP0742539A1 (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1996-11-13 | Telenot Electronic Gmbh | Radio alarm system |
| GB2330230A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 1999-04-14 | Menvier | Alarm or detection system |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4417632C2 (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1998-10-22 | Diehl Stiftung & Co | Method for operating a radio alarm system |
| DE4423171A1 (en) * | 1994-07-04 | 1996-01-18 | Norbert Schaaf | Activation and deactivation control appts. for intruder alarm system |
| DE19506385C2 (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 2002-03-07 | Peter John Goddard | Wireless hazard detection system and notification procedure |
| FR2766599B1 (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-09-03 | Elf Antar France | EVENT DETECTION DEVICE |
| FR2776100B1 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2000-08-25 | Bruno Enea | ELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING OBJECTS TO PREVENT LOSS, THEFT OR DISPLACEMENT |
| FR2985308B1 (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2020-06-05 | Twipi Group | DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE TEMPERATURE OF A PREMISES |
| GB2554744B (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2021-11-24 | Orisec Ltd | Control panel for a security alarm system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2207266A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Scanning Technology Limited | Fire detection systems |
| EP0484880A2 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-13 | Norbert Schaaf | Radio alarm system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0253156A1 (en) * | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Intrusion alarm system |
| EP0293627A1 (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1988-12-07 | Ascom Radiocom AG | Radio transmission method |
-
1992
- 1992-11-26 DE DE4239702A patent/DE4239702C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-11-18 DE DE59309097T patent/DE59309097D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-18 EP EP93118557A patent/EP0599192B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-18 AT AT93118557T patent/ATE172807T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2207266A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Scanning Technology Limited | Fire detection systems |
| EP0484880A2 (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-13 | Norbert Schaaf | Radio alarm system |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0651362A1 (en) * | 1993-10-30 | 1995-05-03 | GRUNDIG E.M.V. Elektro-Mechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH & Co. KG | Multichannel radio alarm system using frequency hopping |
| EP0742539A1 (en) * | 1995-05-10 | 1996-11-13 | Telenot Electronic Gmbh | Radio alarm system |
| GB2330230A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 1999-04-14 | Menvier | Alarm or detection system |
| GB2330230B (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2001-06-20 | Menvier | Alarm or detection system |
| GB2358504A (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2001-07-25 | Menvier | Alarm or detection system |
| GB2358504B (en) * | 1997-10-11 | 2002-01-09 | Menvier | Alarm system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0599192B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 |
| DE59309097D1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
| DE4239702C1 (en) | 1994-03-24 |
| ATE172807T1 (en) | 1998-11-15 |
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