EP0597814B1 - Verfahren zur Heizung einer Walze und beheizte Walze, insbesondere Presswalze für eine Papiermaschine - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Heizung einer Walze und beheizte Walze, insbesondere Presswalze für eine Papiermaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0597814B1
EP0597814B1 EP93850196A EP93850196A EP0597814B1 EP 0597814 B1 EP0597814 B1 EP 0597814B1 EP 93850196 A EP93850196 A EP 93850196A EP 93850196 A EP93850196 A EP 93850196A EP 0597814 B1 EP0597814 B1 EP 0597814B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roll
coating
mantle
ceramic
outer face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93850196A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0597814A1 (de
Inventor
Juhani Niskanen
Risto Talja
Juhani Vestola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Oy
Original Assignee
Valmet Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI924754A external-priority patent/FI924754A/fi
Priority claimed from FI925634A external-priority patent/FI103679B1/fi
Application filed by Valmet Oy filed Critical Valmet Oy
Publication of EP0597814A1 publication Critical patent/EP0597814A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0597814B1 publication Critical patent/EP0597814B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F3/02—Wet presses
    • D21F3/08—Pressure rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heatable roll, in particular a press roll or equivalent for a paper machine, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • granite is used because of its advantageous surface properties which provide controlled detaching of the paper web from a face of the rock roll. Moreover, granite has a high resistance to the wearing effect of a doctor used in the press section.
  • granite is a natural material, its material properties vary.
  • internal flaws in the granite combined with a tendency to crack partly as a result of the internal flaws, form serious obstacles for using granite in some press section applications, particularly applications at high temperatures.
  • a granite roll is heavy and comprises an inhomogeneous material, both factors which increases the tendency of oscillations of the roll constructions which is another significant drawback reducing the operating efficiency of the press section.
  • the heavy weight of a rock roll made of granite is also considered when selecting the dimensions of the lifting equipment and foundations required for the paper machine.
  • synthetic rock rolls are also known. These synthetic rock rolls are in principle polymer-coated rolls in which a rock powder, such as quartz sand, is mixed into hard rubber or polyurethane to thereby form a synthetic rock roll. Drawbacks of these rolls include excessive adhesion of the paper web to the roll face inhibiting detachment as well as poor mechanical strength and limited heat tolerance.
  • Heatable extended-nip presses have been described earlier, e.g., in U.S. -A-4,738,752 and 4,874,469, whose drawbacks include high consumption of power as a result of the heating of the rolls in the extended-nip.
  • Said US-A-4,738,752 forms basis of the preamble of claim 1.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a heatable roll, in particular a press roll for a paper machine, by whose means the drawbacks related to the prior art rolls are eliminated.
  • a circulating heat transfer medium such as hot water, oil or steam, is used for the heating of the roll.
  • the constant circulation of the heat transfer medium equalizes the temperature differences between different points on the roll and reduces the risk of thermal crown formation.
  • the heating of the roll is carried out from inside the roll by introducing the heat as close as possible to the outer face of the roll.
  • the transfer of heat taking place through a wall of the roll and the coating on the roll, and the capacity of heat delivery, will not be equally decisive as in prior art constructions.
  • the temperature of the heat transfer medium does not need to be raised to an equally high level as compared to the situation where the heat is introduced by means of a heat transfer medium onto an inner face of the roll mantle.
  • the roll in accordance with the invention is heated by means of ducts formed in the interior of the walls of the roll mantle and by means of a heat transfer medium (preferably water) flowing in the ducts.
  • a heat transfer medium preferably water
  • the roll does not become a pressure vessel, which is the case, e.g., in rolls heated by means of steam from inside the roll mantle.
  • the roll of the present invention is constructed simpler than in the case of a pressure vessel, and does not require approval by the appropriate authorities or compliance with applicable regulations.
  • the coating used in a roll in accordance with the invention is preferably a thermally sprayed ceramic, metal-ceramic coating or porous metallic coating, whose composition, thickness, and porosity are selected so that a sufficient insulating effect is produced on the roll body.
  • a coating having the desired properties is selected to equalize the differences in temperature (i.e. reduce thermal deformations) without excessive deterioration of the heat transfer capacity and to make the adhesion of the web to the roll face sufficiently low.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a roll in accordance with the invention used in a method in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic transverse sectional view of the roll in accordance with the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 taken along the line II-II in Fig. 1.
  • Figures 3 and 4 illustrate effects obtained by means of a roll in accordance with the invention, wherein Fig. 3 illustrates a roll without a coating, and Fig. 4 illustrates a roll provided with an insulating coating in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a roll having crown variation means in accordance with the invention used in a method in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of a roll having crown variation means in accordance with the invention used in a method in accordance with the invention.
  • a roll is denoted generally with the reference numeral 10.
  • the roll 10 comprises a roll mantle 11, and roll ends 12, 13 attached to both ends of the roll 10. Roll ends 12, 13 are provided with axle journals 14, 15.
  • the roll 10 of this embodiment is a so-called "drilled roll” in which the roll mantle 11 is provided with bores 16, or equivalent ducts, passing from one end of the roll to the other end. A heat transfer medium is circulated in these bores or ducts.
  • the roll 10 is provided with the necessary duct systems 17 for the circulation of the heat transfer medium.
  • a coating 18 is arranged on an outer surface of the roll mantle 11.
  • the bores 16 formed into the roll mantle 11 are illustrated. It is preferable to place the bores as close as possible to the outer face of the roll mantle 11.
  • grooves are machined into the outer face of the roll mantle 11, onto which grooves a separate mantle (not shown) is arranged.
  • the coating layer 18 is arranged on this mantle.
  • the roll mantle 11 is heated from inside the roll by flowing a heat transfer medium which is passed as close as possible to the roll face. It is preferable to use hot water or oil or steam as the heat transfer medium. Since the heating is applied in proximity to the roll face (via bores 16 or equivalent ducts placed near the roll face), the thermal resistance of the roll mantle is low, and a larger amount of heat can be transferred to the roll face with the same temperature difference in the same unit of time. This produces a limiting factor in the operation and construction of the roll because a large flow of heat produces a high temperature difference in the roll mantle 11 which in turn produces a high thermal stress.
  • the roll in order to reduce the problems described above, i.e. the drawbacks arising from thermal stresses, thermal crown formation, and local deformations, in the invention, the roll is provided with an insulating coating 18. Owing to the insulating effect of the coating 18, the temperature differences are equalized and, as a result, the tensile stress and the thermal deformations in the mantle 11 are reduced. As an alternative, if it were desirable to keep these factors at the previous level, the heat flow through the roll face might be increased.
  • the insulating capacity of the coating 18 must be within certain limits. If the coating material has a high insulating capacity, only a very thin layer is required. However, generally such materials do not have a good resistance to wear, and therefore the layer must be thick. Therefore, these materials are not suitable for use in the invention. As an example of such materials, polymers should be mentioned.
  • the coating layer preferably should have a sufficiently small thickness. This desired property of a thin coating arises from the fact that the force with which the coating layer 18 attempts to change the form of roll mantle 11 is proportional to the thickness of the coating layer.
  • the coating layer must have good resistance to wear even though it will preferably be relatively thin.
  • the coating layer must have a low modulus of elasticity which contributes to a reduction in the forces applied by the coating layer to the roll mantle 11.
  • the layer since one of the functions of the roll 10 in a press section may be to transfer the web, the layer must have good web detaching properties when operating both in cold and hot web transfer operations.
  • the coating is preferably produced by means of thermal spraying.
  • the thermal conductivity of such a coating material is substantially lower than that of the metallic body material of the roll 10.
  • the modulus of elasticity of such a coating material is lower than the modulus of elasticity of the roll mantle 11.
  • a suitable thickness of the layer of the insulation material is from about 0.03 mm to about 6 mm, preferably from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm.
  • the ceramic may be an oxide ceramic, for example Zr-, Al-, Si-, Ti-, Y-, Cr-oxide or carbide ceramic, for example Cr-, W-, Ti-, Ni-carbide or a mixture or compound of same.
  • oxide ceramic for example Zr-, Al-, Si-, Ti-, Y-, Cr-oxide or carbide ceramic, for example Cr-, W-, Ti-, Ni-carbide or a mixture or compound of same.
  • metals such as Cr, Ni, Co.
  • the type of porous metal metallic coating 18 used in the invention might be e.g. stainless steel, stellite, bronze, or any other of the metals Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Cu or a mixture or mixtures thereof.
  • the thermal conductivity and modulus of elasticity of the porous metals will be substantially lower.
  • the thermal conductivity may be as low as about 1/5th and the modulus of elasticity may be as low as about 1/2 of that of commonly used structural materials (i.e. cast iron, steel).
  • one or more so-called adhesion layers are provided under the ceramic, metal-ceramic coating or porous metallic coating, and against the roll body to guarantee good adhesion of the ceramic, metal-ceramic layer or porous metallic layer to the roll body. Corrosion of the material of the roll body is also prevented in this manner.
  • the adhesion layer is preferably a thin, thermally sprayed metal layer, which is as free as possible from pores and which does not have a substantial effect on the thermal conductivity either.
  • the thickness of the ceramic, metal-ceramic coating or porous metallic coating is from about 0.03 mm to about 6 mm, preferably from about 0.05 mm to about 2 mm.
  • At least a part of the pores in the coating 18 may be filled with a sealing material, preferably polymers. Alternatively, all of the pores may be filled with polymers.
  • Polymers which might be used to fill the pores include epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polytetrafluoethylene (PTFE) or other equivalent materials which have good thermal insulation properties and a low modulus of elasticity. These are advantageous properties for the material to fill the pores of the coating. Such materials also have an advantageous effect on the detaching properties of the web.
  • the porosity of the ceramic, metal-ceramic or porous metallic coating layer 18 is selected so that good web detaching properties are obtained both with and without heating.
  • water passes from it into the pores of the roll.
  • the vapor pressure of the water present in the pores rises and the adhesion of the web to the roll is lowered.
  • the coating provides a substantial equalization of the temperature variations especially in the heat transfer medium that runs in a drilled roll. For this reason, the ducts or bores 16 may be placed as less densely spaced or, alternatively, be placed closer the outer face of the roll.
  • a ceramic, metal-ceramic or porous metallic coating 18 is the suitable heat delivery rate to prevent burning onto the paper.
  • the heat delivery rate is substantially slower on a face of a ceramic, metal-ceramic or porous metallic coating than on a face made of a non-porous metallic coating.
  • Fig. 3 shows a prior art roll without an insulation coating layer
  • Fig. 4 shows a roll in accordance with the invention provided with a coating layer.
  • ⁇ T refers to the reduction in temperature in the roll mantle
  • ⁇ T 1 refers to the reduction in temperature in the roll mantle
  • ⁇ T 2 refers to reduction in temperature in the insulation coating layer.
  • Fig. 3 shows the transfer of heat in a roll mantle 11' from a transfer duct 16' into a face 18'.
  • the heat flow ⁇ that passes through the mantle 11' is proportional to the difference in temperature dT, to the distance dx across which the difference in temperature is effective, and to the thermal conductivity ⁇ and area A through which the heat flows.
  • ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ A ⁇ dT dx
  • Fig. 3 the difference in temperature and the distribution of temperature are indicated, the distribution being linear in the roll mantle 11'.
  • the thermal stress ⁇ produced on the roll face 18' is proportional to the thermal conductivity ⁇ , to the modulus of elasticity E, and to the difference in temperature dT.
  • the force F' that produces deformations, per unit of length l, is stress (average stress ⁇ is half the stress at the surface) times distance from the duct to the surface.
  • Fig. 4 shows the same reduction in temperature achieved by adding the insulation layer 18 to the roll face while placing the heat transfer duct 16 closer to the roll face. Also, the force F that deforms the mantle 11 has been reduced substantially.
  • the force arising from the insulation 18 is disregarded because the modulus of elasticity of the insulation coating layer is typically only from about 10% to about 30% of the modulus of elasticity of the roll mantle, and the thickness of the coating layer is small.
  • a roll 10 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may also be equipped with variable-crown means to form a variable-crown roll.
  • the roll mantle 11 is arranged to revolve around a stationary axle of the roll, and the necessary crown variation means are arranged between the roll axle and the roll mantle 11.
  • a roll in accordance with the invention is denoted generally with the reference numeral 30.
  • the roll 30 comprises a roll mantle 32, and roll ends 39 attached to both ends of the roll 30.
  • the roll ends 39 revolve with the roll mantle 32 about a stationary roll axle 31.
  • the roll 30 is provided with bores 38, or equivalent ducts, passing from one end of the roll to the other end.
  • a heat transfer medium is circulated in these bores or ducts.
  • the roll end 39 is provided with an axial bore or duct 40 through which the medium flows.
  • the medium flows from the axial bore 40 to a radial bore 41, then through annular grooves 42 formed in the roll 39 to radial bore 43 which open through a face of the roll axle 31.
  • the annular grooves 42 open radially towards the roll axle 31.
  • Radial bore 43 connects the annular grooves 42 to axial bores 44.
  • Axial bores 44 correspond to the amount of bores 38 in the roll mantle and preferably align therewith.
  • Annular seals 45,46 are provided between roll axle 31 and the roll end 39.
  • a coating 37 is arranged on an outer surface of the roll mantle 32.
  • the roll mantle is also provided with end bearings 33.
  • the roll is provided with crown-variation means 34 (hydraulic loading means).
  • the hydraulic loading means 34 are arranged in cylindrical bores 35 and are regulated by hydraulic pressure.
  • a glide shoe 36 contacts an inner face of the roll mantle 32 by means of a hydraulic fluid film. Hydraulic fluid is supplied to the crown variation means 34 via hydraulic pressure fluid supply ducts 47.
  • FIG. 6 another embodiment of a roll in accordance with the invention is illustrated and denoted generally with the reference numeral 130.
  • the roll 130 comprises a roll mantle 132, and roll ends 139 attached to both ends of the roll 130.
  • the roll ends 139 revolve with the roll mantle 132 about a stationary roll axle 131.
  • the roll 130 is provided with bores 138, or equivalent ducts, passing from one end of the roll to the other end. A heat transfer medium is circulated in these bores or ducts.
  • a coating 137 is arranged on an outer surface of the roll mantle 132.
  • the roll mantle is also provided with an end bearings 133.
  • a body 140 is attached to the stationary roll axle 131.
  • An annular groove 142 which opens axially towards the roll 130 is arranged in the body 140.
  • the medium flows from a heat transfer medium supply hose or pipe 148 through a bore 141 into the annular groove 142. From the annular groove 142, the medium flows through axial bores 144 formed in the roll end 139 to the bores in the roll mantle 138.
  • Axial bores 144 correspond to the amount of bores 138 in the roll mantle and preferably align therewith.
  • Annular seals 145 are arranged between roll axle 131 and the roll end 139 and annular seals 146 are arranged between the roll end 139 and the body 140 attached to the stationary roll axle 131.
  • the roll is provided with crown-variation means 134 (hydraulic loading means).
  • the hydraulic loading means 134 are arranged in cylindrical bores 135 and are regulated by hydraulic pressure.
  • a glide shoe 136 contacts an inner face of the roll mantle 132 by means of a hydraulic fluid film. Hydraulic fluid is supplied to the crown variation means 134 via hydraulic pressure fluid supply ducts 147.
  • the heat transfer medium flows into the roll 30,130 through one of its ends (e.g. as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6) and is removed from the roll through its other end (not shown).
  • the other end is similar to the first end, however, the fluid flow is in an opposite direction.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Beheizbare Walze, insbesondere eine Preßwalze oder dergleichen für eine Papiermaschine, welche Walze (10, 30, 130) eine durch die Pressenpartie der Papiermaschine verlaufende Papierbahn unmittelbar berührt, wobei die Walze (10, 30, 130) Bohrungen (16, 38, 138) oder gleichartige Kanäle aufweist, die innerhalb der Walze nahe der äußeren Fläche der Walze eingerichtet sind, um ein Wärmeübertragungsmittel derart zu zirkulieren, daß die äußere Fläche der Walze (10, 30, 130) erwärmt wird, wobei die äußere Fläche mit einer Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) an der äußeren Fläche eines Mantels (11, 32, 132) der Walze angeordnet ist, wobei das Wärmeübertragungsmittel in dem Walzenmantel zirkuliert wird, und ein Keramikgemisch oder eine Metallkeramikmischung aufweist, deren thermische Leitfähigkeit und Elastizitätsmodul geringer sind als die entsprechenden Eigenschaften des Walzenmantels (11, 32, 132).
  2. Walze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) ein poröses Material ist.
  3. Walze nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil der Poren in der Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) mit einem Dichtmaterial, vorzugsweise mit einem Polymer, gefüllt worden ist.
  4. Walze nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dichtmaterial ein Epoxyd- oder Phenolharz, Polytetrafluoroethylen (PTFE) oder ein Polymer einer entsprechenden Art ist, das eine gute Isolierfähigkeit und ein geringes Elastizitätsmodul aufweist.
  5. Walze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, wenn die Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) ein Keramikgemisch aufweist, der Keramikbeschichtung (18, 37, 137) Metallpartikel zugegeben worden sind.
  6. Walze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) durch Aufspritzen auf die äußere Fläche des Walzenmantels gebracht worden ist.
  7. Walze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) 0,03 bis 6 mm, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 2 mm, beträgt.
  8. Walze nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Walze (10, 30, 130) mit einer Durchbiegungsänderungseinrichtung versehen ist.
  9. Walze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung (18, 37, 137) aus einer Oxidkeramik, die aus der sich aus Zr-, Al-, Si-, Ti-, Y-, Cr-Oxid zusammensetzenden Gruppe ausgewählt wurde, aus einer Karbidkeramik, die aus der sich aus Cr-, W-, Ni-Karbid zusammensetzenden Gruppe ausgewählt wurde, oder aus Mischungen daraus besteht.
  10. Walze nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung mit einem Metallgemisch vermischt wurde, das aus der sich aus Cr, Ni, Co und Mischungen daraus zusammensetzenden Gruppe ausgewählt wurde.
EP93850196A 1992-10-20 1993-10-19 Verfahren zur Heizung einer Walze und beheizte Walze, insbesondere Presswalze für eine Papiermaschine Expired - Lifetime EP0597814B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI924754 1992-10-20
FI924754A FI924754A (fi) 1992-10-20 1992-10-20 Upphettbar vals, i synnerhet en vals foer pappersmaskin
FI925634A FI103679B1 (fi) 1992-10-20 1992-12-11 Kuumennettava tela, etenkin paperikoneen puristintela
FI925634 1992-12-11
US1774593A 1993-02-16 1993-02-16
US17745 2001-12-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0597814A1 EP0597814A1 (de) 1994-05-18
EP0597814B1 true EP0597814B1 (de) 1997-12-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93850196A Expired - Lifetime EP0597814B1 (de) 1992-10-20 1993-10-19 Verfahren zur Heizung einer Walze und beheizte Walze, insbesondere Presswalze für eine Papiermaschine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0597814B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE161059T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2108624A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69315673T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI106054B (fi) * 1999-03-29 2000-11-15 Valmet Corp Paperi-/kartonkikoneen tai jälkikäsittelykoneen termotela ja menetelmä termotelan valmistamiseksi
US5667641A (en) * 1995-10-23 1997-09-16 Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada Application of thermal barrier coatings to paper machine drying cylinders to prevent paper edge overdrying
ATE229591T1 (de) 1997-04-11 2002-12-15 Metso Paper Inc Walze für eine papier- oder kartonmaschine und verfahren zur herstellung der walze
FI105115B (fi) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-15 Valmet Corp Kuumennettava tela
DE10023291A1 (de) * 2000-05-15 2001-11-22 Bhs Corr Masch & Anlagenbau Beheizbare oder kühlbare Walze zur Temperaturbehandlung von Materialbahnen, insbesondere zur Verwendung für Wellpappemaschinen
DE102011078759A1 (de) * 2011-07-06 2013-01-10 Voith Patent Gmbh Walze mit verschleissbeständiger antihaft-oberfläche
DE102012207398A1 (de) * 2012-05-04 2013-09-19 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Walze und Walze

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3662409D1 (en) * 1985-04-30 1989-04-20 Yamauchi Corp Press roll for paper machines
US4738752A (en) * 1986-08-12 1988-04-19 Beloit Corporation Heated extended nip press apparatus
FI86566C (fi) * 1989-10-27 1992-09-10 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Vals foer anvaendning vid pappersframstaellning och foerfarande foer framstaellning av valsen.
FI92733C (fi) * 1990-08-15 1994-12-27 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Kuumennettava tela
US5171404A (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-12-15 S. D. Warren Company Method and apparatus for calendering paper with internally heated roll

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE161059T1 (de) 1997-12-15
CA2108624A1 (en) 1994-04-21
DE69315673T2 (de) 1998-04-09
DE69315673D1 (de) 1998-01-22
EP0597814A1 (de) 1994-05-18

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