EP0595985A1 - Systeme "van" avec protocol d'acces aditionel pour conditions de coupure de ligne - Google Patents
Systeme "van" avec protocol d'acces aditionel pour conditions de coupure de ligneInfo
- Publication number
- EP0595985A1 EP0595985A1 EP92916429A EP92916429A EP0595985A1 EP 0595985 A1 EP0595985 A1 EP 0595985A1 EP 92916429 A EP92916429 A EP 92916429A EP 92916429 A EP92916429 A EP 92916429A EP 0595985 A1 EP0595985 A1 EP 0595985A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bus
- modules
- module
- window
- lines
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 108010032363 ERRalpha estrogen-related receptor Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 102100036832 Steroid hormone receptor ERR1 Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000851696 Homo sapiens Steroid hormone receptor ERR2 Proteins 0.000 abstract description 9
- 102100036831 Steroid hormone receptor ERR2 Human genes 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 2
- BBRBUTFBTUFFBU-LHACABTQSA-N Ornoprostil Chemical compound CCCC[C@H](C)C[C@H](O)\C=C\[C@H]1[C@H](O)CC(=O)[C@@H]1CC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC BBRBUTFBTUFFBU-LHACABTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/08—Modifications for reducing interference; Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults ; Receiver end arrangements for detecting or overcoming line faults
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/08—Allotting numbers to messages; Counting characters, words or messages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
- H04L12/413—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
- H04L12/4135—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD] using bit-wise arbitration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/0315—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for using multiplexing techniques
Definitions
- VAN VAN system with additional access protocol for open circuit conditions.
- the present invention relates to a transmission method for digital data sent in the form of differential voltage signal frames which are detectable by at least two electronic modules between first and second lines of a data communications bus interconnecting these modules.
- the present invention relates to such a method designed in order to be implemented in a set of multiplexed electronic modules controlling various functions in a motor vehicle. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to such a method designed to resist the possible presence of accidental open circuits which can affect the transmission of information between modules.
- a VAN-type network comprises a plurality of electronic modules A, B, C for example, interconnected by a two-wire bus DATA, DATA which is suitable for transmitting digital data sent by one of the electronic modules in the form of voltage signal frames which are detectable differentially between the two wires or lines of the bus.
- Every module coupled to this bus comprises a sender, a receiver or a sender/receiver unit such as that referenced 1 on Figure 2 of the attached drawing, for receiving information transmitted by the bus and for sending information on this bus.
- the receiver part conventially comprises, as is known from the docu ⁇ ments US-A-4 792 950 and FR-A-2 627 036 r a first comparator RO whose inputs are connected to the DATA, DATA lines respectively and second (ERR1) and third (ERR2) "common mode" comparators whose non-inverting and inverting inputs are connected to the DATA,.
- DATA lines respectively and whose inverting and non-inverting inputs respectively are connected to a reference voltage source V r ⁇ f adjusted to a value lying in the excursion of the voltage between the two lines of the bus.
- Two filters 3 and 4 are arranged between the DATA and DATA lines respectively and the inputs of the comparators. The purpose of these filters is to limit the influence of parasites which can affect the signals transmitted on the lines.
- the comparator RO is sufficient for detecting the differential voltage between the lines of the bus in order to deliver, on its output, a binary signal changing over with the sign of the input voltage.
- the two comparators ERR1 and ERR2 it is possible to take advantage of the complementarity of the logic states of the DATA, DATA lines so that the informa ⁇ tion item circulating on the bus is transmitted to a module operating in reception, even when one of the two lines suffers a short-circuit or an open circuit.
- Analysis of the outputs of the three comparators makes it possible to detect the defect and to select one of the three outputs, the one which is correctly transmitting the information item.
- the line sender/receiver 1 comprises defect diagnostic means 2 permitting a valid comparator output to be selected, these means being associated with management means for a particular transmission protocol chosen for transmission of the information received from the bus to an "applic ⁇ ation" such as an actuator command or acquisition of signals supplied by a sensor, for example.
- the sender/receiver further comprises a line sender 5 whose single-polarity input is connected to the means 2 and whose output, differential, is connected to the DATA, DATA lines through possible protection means 6. All this is well known in the technology and has no need of further description.
- This solution consists in carrying out a diagnosis of the presence of an open circuit in the course of reading a frame sent on the bus, on at least one predetermined intermediate sequence of signals for passing the control of the bus from one sender module to another module, and in selecting, on return, the comparator adapted for correct reading of this frame, despite the presence of an open circuit on one of the two lines of the bus.
- bit-by-bit arbitration can then not take place on the part of the frame provided, or be resolved by the attribution of the bus to the module which is the sender of the lowest-priority message, which generates malfunctions such as: high rate of incorrect frames on the bus, blocking of certain messages or certain modules, paralysis of the network, etc.
- the object of the present invention therefore is to provide a reliable transmission of the signal frames sent on the bus, despite a possible open circuit in one of the lines of the bus which is likely to disturb a bit- by-bit arbitration phase between several modules trying to simultaneously access the bus.
- the appearance of a possible open circuit in one of the lines of the bus is detected and then the bit-by-bit arbitration procedure is complemented by a procedure, which is at least partially random, for attributing sending-time windows which are particular to each module, after each of the signal frames successively sent on the bus, as long as the latter is affected by an open circuit.
- the attribution procedure takes account also of the priority rating of the messages contained in the frames sent on the bus.
- FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a network of electronic modules interconnected by a differential bus and Figure 2 represents a line sender/receiver incor ⁇ porated into such a module, these two figures having been commented on in the preamble to the present description,
- - Figure 3 is a timing diagram of the output signals from the comparators of the receivers of the modules of the network of Figure 1, these timing diagrams being useful for explaining the detection of an open circuit on one of the lines of the bus, a detection prior to the attribution of particular sending windows to the modules according to the invention
- - Figure 4 is a timing diagram of the same output signals from the comparators of the modules and from the senders of the modules of the network of Figure 1, which is useful for the explanation of the sending window attribution method according to the invention.
- the present invention assumes that means are available for detection of an accidental open circuit in one of the lines of the bus (such as that shown diagrammatically by the switch 7 in Figure 1, which affects the transmission of data between the modules A and B on the one hand and C on the other hand, these detection means being incorporated into the diagnostic and protocol management means 2 of the sending/receiving unit 1 of each module of the network, for example.
- These means are suitably programmed in such a way as to be able to deduce a possible open circuit of one line of the bus, from observation and comparison of the outputs of the comparators during the sending on the bus of at least two successive signal frames, as will now be explained in connection with the examination of the timing diagrams of Figure 3.
- a signal frame in a communications protocol of the VAN type comprises a certain number of successive fields at the head of which is found a SOF field for "start of frame", this field exhibiting a predetermined configuration which allows it to be recognised and distinguished with respect to possible parasitic signals on the bus, as is explained in the French Patent Application No. 91 02592 filed on the 5th March 1991 by the applicant.
- the SOF field precedes an "identifier” fields, a "control” field, a "data” field and other accessory fields, shown diagrammatically to- gether by the hatched area which follows the SOF field.
- module C takes control of the bus in order to send a signal frame (see "control of the bus" line. Figure 3), this sending being followed by that of another frame by module A before module C retakes control of the bus in order to send a new frame.
- the three comparators of module C not being affected by the open circuit 7, all reread the frame sent by the sender 5 of the module C during first taking control of the bus, whereas this frame is perceived only by the comparators ERR2 of modules A and B.
- module A When module A next takes control of the bus, the frame that it sends is correctly reread by all of its comparators and by those of module B (not then affected by the open circuit 7) , whereas module C perceives the frame only through its comparator ERR2,. the operation of its comparators ERR1 and RO being affected by the open circuit 7.
- modules A and B in the presence of such an open circuit, receive a first frame on a single comparator and the following frame on the three com- para ors.
- each module of the network can diagnose (see the "diag" arrows. Figure 3) the presence of an open circuit on one line of the bus if it successively receives the first frame on one common-mode comparator (ERR1 or ERR2) and the second frame on its comparator RO (and, at the same time, on the two other common-mode comparators).
- a “potentially sending module” is capable of spontaneously sending frames but is not, however, per ⁇ manently in a position to send a message.
- the urgency of the transmission on the bus of a message sent by a module can vary from one type of message to another. It can be imagined, for example, that a message relating to a parameter with frequent variations (speed of the engine, for example) might be attributed priority for passage on the bus over a para ⁇ meter with slow variations (temperature of the engine, for example) . It is, moreover, this which is the motive for the existence, in normal operation, of a bit-by-bit arbitration procedure for access to the bus, on the basis of the priority for passage accorded to the messages sent by such and such a module. In the VAN protocol, this arbitration is exercised on bits of the "identifier" field.
- module A having drawn the 7th window (n ⁇ ) starts to send the SOF field and the start of the identifier field on which the bit-by-bit arbitration is exercised (see line "data sent” DE) .
- the 8th window which module C had attributed to itself the latter notes that the bus is occupied by module B and therefore cannot send.
- the DATA line of the bus is open-circuit, only the comparator ERR2 of module C reads the frame present on the bus.
- the random component a t tempering the access inflexibility which would be defined by taking into account only the priority p L of the message.
- module B notes that the bus is controlled by module C and therefore remains silent (see line DE).
- module B due to the open circuit in the DATA line, it is via the comparator ERR2 that module B detects occupation of the bus by module C.
- modules A, B and C operate independently of one another and each proceed with separate random drawing of the value a A ; it can happen that, for the same allocation, the same window is attributed to two or more different modules. On the opening of the said window, a collision will then im- mediately be detected by the modules and a new window allocation procedure initiated as from the following window.
- This new procedure carried out with a new random drawing of a t has only a very small probability of reproducing the untoward preceding attribution and access to the bus for the modules will then be unblocked.
- the duration d of a window is chosen in such a way as to permit a module whose window is opening to differentiate between occupation of the bus by a parasi ⁇ tic signal and take-over of the bus by another module during a previous window.
- a procedure to this effect is described in the French Patent Application No. 91 02592 filed on the 5th March 1991 by the applicant, which may be referred to for more detail on this point. This procedure is based essentially on recognition of the SOF start-of-frame field, a field onto which a module having priority can "latch" as was seen above in the description of the first window allocation.
- duration d of a window it is necessary for the duration d of a window to be at least equal to the duration of a SOF field so that the latter can be recognised before the opening of the following window.
- the procedure of latching onto a SOF field is, however, possible only between modules which do not suffer from an open circuit of one of the lines of the bus, as is the case for modules A and B in the case of the open circuit 7 represented by way of example in Figure 1.
- a potentially sending module has no message to send at the moment of calculation of the order number of its sending window, the number is calculated by according an average priority to the virtual message. If the module still has no message to send at the moment where its window opens, it does not send. In contrast, if it has a message to send next, it considers the first window which follows the send request to be open.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and represented which has been given only by way of example.
- the invention extends to other communications networks, for motor vehicles (such as the CAN network) or other applications.
- the method described is adaptable to this or that application as it is possible to play on the various possible com ⁇ binations of parameters a i and pj. in order to increase the weight of the random component a A with respect to the priority p A or conversely.
- the duration of the window d is, in the same way, adjusted on -the basis of the com ⁇ promise desired between the delay that the emission of a frame takes (with respect to normal) and the security required in the recognition of frame signals with respect to parasites.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Module (1) émetteur-récepteur de blocs, comportant un émetteur de ligne (5) et un récepteur doté de trois comparateurs (RO, ERR1, ERR2) raccordés sur le bus (DATA, D(Boolean not)A(Boolean not)T(Boolean not)A(Boolean not)), la relève simultanée de ce bus par plusieurs de ces modules étant empêchée par une procédure d'arbitrage bit par bit. L'apparition d'un éventuel circuit ouvert sur l'une des lignes du bus est contrôlée, puis la procédure d'arbitrage est complétée par une procédure au moins partiellement aléatoire d'attribution de fenêtres de temps d'émission associées à des modules respectifs, après chacun des blocs de signaux émis l'un après l'autre sur le bus, et à condition que ce dernier subisse l'influence d'un circuit ouvert. Application: réseau local de communication pour véhicule automobile.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9109273 | 1991-07-23 | ||
FR9109273A FR2679723B1 (fr) | 1991-07-23 | 1991-07-23 | Procede de transmission de donnees numeriques emises sous forme de trames de signaux differentiels. |
PCT/EP1992/001685 WO1993002517A1 (fr) | 1991-07-23 | 1992-07-23 | Systeme 'van' possedant un protocole d'acces supplementaire pour les conditions de circuit ouvert |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0595985A1 true EP0595985A1 (fr) | 1994-05-11 |
Family
ID=9415416
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92916429A Withdrawn EP0595985A1 (fr) | 1991-07-23 | 1992-07-23 | Systeme "van" avec protocol d'acces aditionel pour conditions de coupure de ligne |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0595985A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH07500227A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR940701617A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2679723B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1993002517A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5454001A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-09-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Data transmission system for automotive vehicles |
FR2712759B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-16 | 1995-12-22 | Renault | Procédé et dispositif d'évaluation de la qualité d'un réseau de communication embarqué. |
FR2713367B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-30 | 1996-01-12 | Renault | Dispositif de détection de l'origine d'une émission sur un réseau de communication embarqué. |
DE19509133C2 (de) * | 1994-04-11 | 2003-07-17 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Anordnung zur Überwachung von Zweidraht-Busleitungen |
DE19530727B4 (de) * | 1995-08-18 | 2012-09-20 | Kiekert Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Steuersystems zur Steuerung von Kraftfahrzeugkomponenten |
FR2861866B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-31 | 2006-02-10 | Renault Sas | Procede de diagnostic des pannes physiques du reseau can high speed d'un vehicule automobile |
US7650848B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2010-01-26 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Surface topographies for non-toxic bioadhesion control |
US9016221B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2015-04-28 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Surface topographies for non-toxic bioadhesion control |
CN102245314B (zh) | 2008-11-11 | 2014-11-19 | 佛罗里达大学研究基金会有限公司 | 图案化表面的方法以及包含该表面的制品 |
US9937655B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2018-04-10 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of manufacturing catheter for antimicrobial control |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2125257B (en) * | 1982-08-04 | 1986-03-26 | Plessey Co Plc | Improved local area network systems |
FR2654564B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-10 | 1992-01-17 | Renault | Interface de ligne pour un reseau de transmission d'informations. |
-
1991
- 1991-07-23 FR FR9109273A patent/FR2679723B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-07-23 EP EP92916429A patent/EP0595985A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-07-23 KR KR1019930704011A patent/KR940701617A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-07-23 JP JP5501732A patent/JPH07500227A/ja active Pending
- 1992-07-23 WO PCT/EP1992/001685 patent/WO1993002517A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9302517A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH07500227A (ja) | 1995-01-05 |
FR2679723B1 (fr) | 1994-12-30 |
KR940701617A (ko) | 1994-05-28 |
WO1993002517A1 (fr) | 1993-02-04 |
FR2679723A1 (fr) | 1993-01-29 |
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