EP0593878B1 - Rotationally symmetrical semi - product with varying properties through the cross-section - Google Patents

Rotationally symmetrical semi - product with varying properties through the cross-section Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593878B1
EP0593878B1 EP93113617A EP93113617A EP0593878B1 EP 0593878 B1 EP0593878 B1 EP 0593878B1 EP 93113617 A EP93113617 A EP 93113617A EP 93113617 A EP93113617 A EP 93113617A EP 0593878 B1 EP0593878 B1 EP 0593878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
droplets
rotationally symmetrical
core
outer layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93113617A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0593878A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Dr.-Ing. Stock
W. Gary Watson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wieland Werke AG
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Wieland Werke AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Wieland Werke AG filed Critical Wieland Werke AG
Publication of EP0593878A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593878A1/en
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Publication of EP0593878B1 publication Critical patent/EP0593878B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12021—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rotationally symmetrical semi-finished product made of copper or copper alloys with properties that vary over the cross-section according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.
  • the preforms required for the semifinished product with a variable alloy composition and the resulting different properties are known.
  • the production can be carried out according to the so-called "spray compacting" method (cf. for example GB-A-1.379.261 and GB-A-1.472.939), in which a metal melt is broken down into droplets by a gas jet in a suitable nozzle and the Droplets can be collected on a pad again to form a solid body.
  • WO-A-92 / 15.721 At least two nozzles working simultaneously and independently of one another are arranged in such a way that their droplet jets overlap and are directed towards a substrate of circular cross section. Ceramic particles can be introduced into one or both droplet jets as insoluble particles.
  • WO-A-92 / 04.475 proposes oxide, nitride, carbide or boride particles as ceramic particles suitable for spray compacting copper.
  • EP-A-0.270.265 relates, inter alia, to the use of ceramic particles in spray-compacted aluminum alloys.
  • the invention has for its object to increase the range of possible rotationally symmetrical preforms and the possibility of different combinations of properties of the semi-finished product.
  • a variant according to the invention is characterized in that metallic particles of molybdenum, niobium, tungsten or lead are provided as insoluble particles, different types of particles being introduced into the core and into the outer layer.
  • the particles are preferably deposited at the grain boundaries.
  • the method of spray compacting is used, in which metal melt is atomized into droplets by a gas jet in a nozzle and the droplets are collected on a rotating substrate, and in which at least two working simultaneously, independently of one another Nozzles are arranged in such a way that their droplet jets overlap and are directed towards a substrate of circular cross section.
  • metallic particles are injected either into the first or second droplet jet.
  • different types of metallic particles are injected simultaneously into the first and second droplet jets.
  • conductive core copper
  • outer layer with low expansion coefficient copper-niobium
  • a spray compacting device for producing a cylindrical preform 1 (round bolt) is shown schematically.
  • a melt supply (not shown) is fed to two nozzles 2, 3. From these nozzles 2, 3 emerge two overlapping melt droplet jets 4, 5, which are directed towards a rotating substrate 6 of circular cross-section.
  • the droplet jets 4, 5 are consolidated again on the substrate 6 or on the growing round bolt 1 (which can be pulled off in the direction of the arrow) and solidified to form a solid block 1. Additional nozzles through which particles can be injected into the droplet jets 4, 5 are indicated by numbers 7, 8.
  • the figure also indicates that different particles ( ⁇ , O) are simultaneously injected into the droplet jets 4, 5.
  • the particle density indicated over the radius of the round bolt 1 shows that a composite bolt 1 is formed which consists of a core 9 and an outer layer 10 with different properties.
  • a particular advantage of the described method is that the transition from the core 9 to the outer layer 10 is smooth and there is no parting line in the preform 1, as is the case with older methods according to the prior art (for example roll cladding, powder metallurgical production). This avoids all the associated disadvantages, such as binding errors at the parting line, high quality assurance efforts, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein rotationssymmetrisches Halbzeug aus Kupfer oder Kupferlegierungen mit über den Querschnitt variierenden Eigenschaften nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. 2.2. The invention relates to a rotationally symmetrical semi-finished product made of copper or copper alloys with properties that vary over the cross-section according to the preamble of claim 1 or 2.

Aus dem Stand der Technik (etwa nach der WO-A-92/15.721 oder der DE-A-4 105 420) sind für das Halbzeug nötige Vorformen mit einer veränderlichen Legierungszusammensetzung und daraus resultierenden, unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften bekannt. Die Herstellung kann nach dem sogenannten Verfahren des "Sprühkympaktierens" erfolgen (vgl. bspw. GB-A-1.379.261 und GB-A-1.472.939), bei dem eine Metallschmelze durch einen Gasstrahl in einer geeigneten Düse in Tröpfchen zerlegt und die Tröpfchen auf einer Unterlage wieder zu einem massiven Körper gesammelt werden. Nach der WO-A-92/15.721 sind mindestens zwei gleichzeitig, unabhängig voneinander arbeitende Düsen derart angeordnet, daß sich deren Tröpfchenstrahlen überlappen und stirnseitig auf ein Substrat kreisförmigen Querschnitts gerichtet sind. Dabei können als nichtlösliche Partikel keramische Partikel in einen oder beide Tröpfchenstrahlen eingebracht werden. In der WO-A-92/04.475 werden als für das Sprühkompaktieren von Kupfer geeignete, keramische Partikel Oxid-, Nitrid-, Karbidoder Boridteilchen vorgeschlagen.
Die EP-A-0.270.265 betrifft u.a. den Einsatz von keramischen Partikeln bei sprühkompaktierten Aluminiumlegierungen.From the prior art (for example according to WO-A-92 / 15.721 or DE-A-4 105 420), the preforms required for the semifinished product with a variable alloy composition and the resulting different properties are known. The production can be carried out according to the so-called "spray compacting" method (cf. for example GB-A-1.379.261 and GB-A-1.472.939), in which a metal melt is broken down into droplets by a gas jet in a suitable nozzle and the Droplets can be collected on a pad again to form a solid body. According to WO-A-92 / 15.721, at least two nozzles working simultaneously and independently of one another are arranged in such a way that their droplet jets overlap and are directed towards a substrate of circular cross section. Ceramic particles can be introduced into one or both droplet jets as insoluble particles. WO-A-92 / 04.475 proposes oxide, nitride, carbide or boride particles as ceramic particles suitable for spray compacting copper.
EP-A-0.270.265 relates, inter alia, to the use of ceramic particles in spray-compacted aluminum alloys.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Bandbreite der möglichen rotationssymmetrischen Vorformen und die Möglichkeit der verschiedenen Eigenschaftskombinationen des Halbzeugs zu vergrößern.The invention has for its object to increase the range of possible rotationally symmetrical preforms and the possibility of different combinations of properties of the semi-finished product.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß in den Halbzeugen gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 als nichtlösliche Partikel metallische Partikel aus Molybdän, Niob, Wolfram oder Blei vorgesehen sind.The object is achieved in that in the semi-finished products according to claims 1 and 2 metallic particles of molybdenum, niobium, tungsten or lead are provided as insoluble particles.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Variante ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als nichtlösliche Partikel metallische Partikel aus Molybdän, Niob, Wolfram oder Blei vorgesehen sind, wobei verschiedenartige Partikel in den Kern und in die Außenschicht eingebracht sind.
Die Partikel sind gemäß Anspruch 3 vorzugsweise an den Korngrenzen abgelagert.A variant according to the invention is characterized in that metallic particles of molybdenum, niobium, tungsten or lead are provided as insoluble particles, different types of particles being introduced into the core and into the outer layer.
The particles are preferably deposited at the grain boundaries.

Für die Vorstufe der Herstellung der rotationssymmetrischen Vorform für das Halbzeug wird das Verfahren des Spühkompaktierens eingesetzt, bei dem Metallschmelze durch einen Gasstrahl in einer Düse zu Tröpfchen zerstäubt und die Tröpfchen auf einem rotierenden Substrat gesammelt werden, und bei dem mindestens zwei gleichzeitig, unabhängig voneinander arbeitende Düsen derart angeordnet werden, daß sich deren Tröpfchenstrahlen überlappen und stirnseitig auf ein Substrat kreisförmigen Querschnitts gerichtet sind.For the preliminary stage of the production of the rotationally symmetrical preform for the semi-finished product, the method of spray compacting is used, in which metal melt is atomized into droplets by a gas jet in a nozzle and the droplets are collected on a rotating substrate, and in which at least two working simultaneously, independently of one another Nozzles are arranged in such a way that their droplet jets overlap and are directed towards a substrate of circular cross section.

Erfindungsgemäß werden gemäß Anspruch 4 metallische Partikel entweder in den ersten oder zweiten Tröpfchenstrahl injiziert. Alternativ werden gemäß Anspruch 5 verschiedenartige, metallische Partikel gleichzeitig in den ersten und zweiten Tröpfchenstrahl injiziert werden.According to the invention, metallic particles are injected either into the first or second droplet jet. Alternatively, according to claim 5, different types of metallic particles are injected simultaneously into the first and second droplet jets.

Nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren läßt sich bspw. folgende Kombination herstellen:The following combination can be produced, for example, by the process described:

leitfähiger Kern (Kupfer), Außenschicht mit geringem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten (Kupfer-Niob).conductive core (copper), outer layer with low expansion coefficient (copper-niobium).

Die Erfindung wird anhand des folgenden Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt die einzige Figur die Herstellung einer zylindrischen Vorform.The invention is explained in more detail using the following exemplary embodiment. The only figure shows the production of a cylindrical preform.

In der Figur ist schematisch eine Sprühkompaktiervorrichtung zur Herstellung einer zylindrischen Vorform 1 (Rundbolzen) dargestellt. Ein Schmelzevorrat (nicht dargestellt) wird zwei Düsen 2, 3 zugeführt. Aus diesen Düsen 2, 3 treten zwei sich überlappende Schmelzetröpfchenstrahlen 4, 5 aus, die stirnseitig auf ein rotierendes Substrat 6 kreisförmigen Querschnitts gerichtet sind. Auf dem Substrat 6 bzw. auf dem wachsenden Rundbolzen 1 (der in Pfeilrichtung abziehbar ist) werden die Tröpfchenstrahlen 4, 5 wieder konsolidiert und zu einem massiven Block 1 verfestigt. Zusätzliche Düsen, durch die Partikel in die Tröpfchenstrahlen 4, 5 injiziert werden können, sind durch Ziffer 7, 8 angedeutet. In der Figur ist ebenfalls angedeutet, daß gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Partikel (●, O) in die Tröpfchenstrahlen 4, 5 injiziert werden. Die über den Radius des Rundbolzens 1 angedeutete Partikeldichte zeigt, daß ein Verbundbolzen 1 entsteht, welcher aus einem Kern 9 und einer Außenschicht 10 mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften besteht.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des geschilderten Verfahrens besteht darin, daß der Übergang des Kerns 9 zur Außenschicht 10 fließend erfolgt und in der Vorform 1 keine Trennfuge vorhanden ist, wie etwa bei älteren Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik (bspw. Walzplattieren, pulvermetallurgische Herstellung). Hierdurch werden alle damit verbundenen Nachteile wie Bindefehler an der Trennfuge, hoher Aufwand für Qualitätssicherung usw. vermieden.In the figure, a spray compacting device for producing a cylindrical preform 1 (round bolt) is shown schematically. A melt supply (not shown) is fed to two nozzles 2, 3. From these nozzles 2, 3 emerge two overlapping melt droplet jets 4, 5, which are directed towards a rotating substrate 6 of circular cross-section. The droplet jets 4, 5 are consolidated again on the substrate 6 or on the growing round bolt 1 (which can be pulled off in the direction of the arrow) and solidified to form a solid block 1. Additional nozzles through which particles can be injected into the droplet jets 4, 5 are indicated by numbers 7, 8. The figure also indicates that different particles (●, O) are simultaneously injected into the droplet jets 4, 5. The particle density indicated over the radius of the round bolt 1 shows that a composite bolt 1 is formed which consists of a core 9 and an outer layer 10 with different properties.
A particular advantage of the described method is that the transition from the core 9 to the outer layer 10 is smooth and there is no parting line in the preform 1, as is the case with older methods according to the prior art (for example roll cladding, powder metallurgical production). This avoids all the associated disadvantages, such as binding errors at the parting line, high quality assurance efforts, etc.

Claims (5)

  1. Semi-finished product made from copper or copper alloys, in the form of rods, tube, wires or sections, produced from a rotationally symmetrical blank (1) by hot and cold forming steps, wherein the blank (1) consists of a core (9) and at least one outer layer (10) lying around it, which have different properties by virtue of particles which are insoluble in the metal matrix and are introduced either into the core (9) or into the outer layer so that a progressive boundary is formed, characterised in that metal particles consisting of molybdenum, niobium, tungsten or lead are provided as the insoluble particles.
  2. Semi-finished product made from copper or copper alloys, in the form of rods, tube, wires or sections, produced from a rotationally symmetrical blank (1) by hot and cold forming steps, wherein the blank (1) consists of a core (9) and at least one outer layer (10) lying around it, which have different properties by virtue of particles which are insoluble in the metal matrix and are introduced either into the core (9) or into the outer layer so that a progressive boundary is formed, characterised in that metal particles consisting of molybdenum, niobium, tungsten or lead are provided as the insoluble particles, different particles being introduced into the core (9) and into the outer layer (10).
  3. Semifinished product as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the particles are deposited at the grain boundaries.
  4. Method of producing the rotationally symmetrical blank (1) for the semifinished product as claimed in Claim 1 or 3 by spray compacting, wherein metal melt is atomised to droplets by a gas jet in a nozzle and the droplets are collected on a rotating substrate (6), and wherein at least two nozzles (2, 3) which operate simultaneously and independently of one another are disposed in such a way that their jets of droplets (4, 5) overlap and at the end are directed onto a substrate (6) of circular cross-section, characterised in that metal particles are injected either into the first or the second jet of droplets (4 or 5).
  5. Method of producing the rotationally symmetrical blank (1) for the semifinished product as claimed in Claim 2 or 3 by spray compacting, wherein metal melt is atomised to droplets by a gas jet in a nozzle and the droplets are collected on a rotating substrate (6), and wherein at least two nozzles (2, 3) which operate simultaneously and independently of one another are disposed in such a way that their jets of droplets (4, 5) overlap and at the end are directed onto a substrate (6) of circular cross-section, characterised in that different metal particles are simultaneously injected into the first and second jets of droplets (4, 5).
EP93113617A 1992-10-20 1993-08-26 Rotationally symmetrical semi - product with varying properties through the cross-section Expired - Lifetime EP0593878B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4235303A DE4235303A1 (en) 1992-10-20 1992-10-20 Rotationally symmetrical semi-finished product with properties that vary across the cross-section
DE4235303 1992-10-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0593878A1 EP0593878A1 (en) 1994-04-27
EP0593878B1 true EP0593878B1 (en) 1996-06-05

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EP93113617A Expired - Lifetime EP0593878B1 (en) 1992-10-20 1993-08-26 Rotationally symmetrical semi - product with varying properties through the cross-section

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US (1) US5613187A (en)
EP (1) EP0593878B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4235303A1 (en)
FI (1) FI100703B (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI20021835A0 (en) * 2002-10-16 2002-10-16 Valtion Teknillinen Hot forming steels for injection molding of mold inserts
US7564666B2 (en) * 2006-05-02 2009-07-21 Semiconductor Components Industries, L.L.C. Shunt protection circuit and method therefor
DE102006051936B4 (en) * 2006-11-01 2014-03-20 Zollern Bhw Gleitlager Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for producing two interconnected layers and functional component which can be produced by the process
DE102007020891A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-13 Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH Lined brake disc for rail- or commercial road vehicles, is formed as spray-compacted metal coating containing embedded ceramic particles
DE102015116519A1 (en) 2015-09-29 2017-03-30 Thyssenkrupp Ag Apparatus and method for spray compacting
US20170216918A1 (en) * 2016-02-02 2017-08-03 Melissa E. Orme-Marmarelis Methods and systems for fabrication using multi-material and precision alloy droplet jetting

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE790453A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-02-15 Brooks Reginald G MANUFACTURE OF METAL ARTICLES
GB1472939A (en) * 1974-08-21 1977-05-11 Osprey Metals Ltd Method for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal
GB8507675D0 (en) * 1985-03-25 1985-05-01 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Metal product fabrication
US4681772A (en) * 1986-05-05 1987-07-21 General Electric Company Method of producing extended area high quality plasma spray deposits
US5164347A (en) * 1986-09-16 1992-11-17 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Method for producing self-supporting ceramic bodies with graded properties
GB8622464D0 (en) * 1986-09-18 1986-10-22 British Petroleum Co Plc Graded structure composites
GB8627308D0 (en) * 1986-11-14 1986-12-17 Alcan Int Ltd Composite metal deposit
US4820358A (en) * 1987-04-01 1989-04-11 General Electric Company Method of making high strength superalloy components with graded properties
US5253697A (en) * 1989-01-16 1993-10-19 Les Bronzes D'industrie, Societe Anonyme Manufacture of articles consisting of a composite material
CA2036810A1 (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-09-03 Thomas F. Sawyer Method of forming article with variable alloy composition
US5120612A (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-06-09 Olin Corporation Incorporation of ceramic particles into a copper base matrix to form a composite material
GB9104808D0 (en) * 1991-03-07 1991-04-17 Osprey Metals Ltd Production of spray deposits
US5240672A (en) * 1991-04-29 1993-08-31 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Method for making graded composite bodies produced thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4235303A1 (en) 1994-04-21
US5613187A (en) 1997-03-18
FI934602A (en) 1994-04-21
FI934602A0 (en) 1993-10-19
FI100703B (en) 1998-02-13
DE59302814D1 (en) 1996-07-11
EP0593878A1 (en) 1994-04-27

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