EP0592362A1 - Stack of ingots - Google Patents
Stack of ingots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0592362A1 EP0592362A1 EP93810679A EP93810679A EP0592362A1 EP 0592362 A1 EP0592362 A1 EP 0592362A1 EP 93810679 A EP93810679 A EP 93810679A EP 93810679 A EP93810679 A EP 93810679A EP 0592362 A1 EP0592362 A1 EP 0592362A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ingots
- stack
- metallic
- pile
- metal
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D5/00—Machines or plants for pig or like casting
- B22D5/005—Devices for stacking pigs; Pigforms to be stacked
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pile of stacks and a method for producing pile of stacks.
- stacks of ingots are produced by layering individual ingots.
- the single pots are e.g. produced and cut to length in a casting device in the form of a strand, for example in a horizontal continuous casting machine, and, as a rule with the help of a machine, layered on top of one another in series.
- Each layer is stacked rotated by 90 ° with respect to the layer below.
- Placed and the pigs are stacked on top, foot piles, which are usually made of the same material as the pigs and which allow lifting and displacement devices, e.g. reach under the piles of forklifts.
- the ingot stacks are surrounded with, for example, 3 to 5 packing tapes made of metal and the packing tapes are stretched.
- the packing tapes are usually made of aluminum tape of a suitable width and can be processed by the end users of the pigs, like the pebbles, with the pigs, i.e. are melted down.
- the pile of heaps is covered with a shrink film or a stretch film.
- the shrink or stretch film that fits snugly against the side surfaces reliably prevents individual ingots from slipping out, which are, for example, in a "friction shadow" of the surrounding ingots, i.e. which are hollow and can loosen.
- the shrink and stretch films are made of polymeric plastics and have the advantage of being transparent. This means that product information directly on the ingots, such as codes, names or impressions, can be read.
- the internal strength of the stack be determined by a geometric flatness of the reference surface, i.e. to reach the area between the foot mass and / or the stack position and / or by means of a geometrical equality of all the masses.
- this can only be done by undue effort, such as Reach every bit of surface.
- each ingot with guide grooves and guide strips e.g. to be provided on all four side surfaces of the pigs.
- each pig could have 3 or 4 concave ruts and 3 resp. Have 2 convex retaining beads.
- each ingot would be positively connected to the neighboring ingot by the grooves and beads. To do this, the ingot molds would have to be changed.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a stack of ingots, the individual ingots of which are securely held in the stack and are secured against falling out, without the ingot shape having to be changed and without packaging materials of a different type being obtained for a foundry.
- the pile of ingots is surrounded at least on its side surfaces by a metallic fabric, a metallic knitted fabric, a mesh made of metal wire or expanded metal and / or the pile of ingots contains at least one intermediate layer of metallic sheet-like material between at least two layers of ingots.
- a metallic fabric for example, a smooth fabric or Multiple fabrics made of metal threads or wires can be used.
- Metallic knitted fabrics are thread or wire connections made of metal threads or wires, which are formed by intertwining loops or stitches lying side by side in rows.
- the knitted fabrics can represent, for example, ware or chain goods.
- Mesh made of metal wire can consist of a metal thread or wire mesh and have mesh shapes, such as those used for mesh fences.
- Expanded metals can represent expanded metal sheets or expanded films and are structures similar to a wire mesh, which are made, for example, by regular, alternately shifted cuts in a flat material, such as a film, a band or a sheet, and produced by subsequent stretching.
- the mesh size can be, for example, between 5 and 50 mm in all cases, mesh sizes from 10 to 30 mm being preferred.
- metal threads or metal wire are used, their thickness can be, for example, about 1.0 to 3.0 mm, expediently from 1.5 to 3.0 mm, with thinner threads or wires as a rule for fine-meshed braids, woven fabrics or knitted fabrics in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 mm thick and for coarse meshes, woven or knitted fabrics usually thicker threads or wires in the range from 2.0 to 3.0 mm thick are used.
- Expanded metal can be produced, for example, from sheets, strips or foils with a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, advantageously 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
- the stack of piles according to the present invention contains intermediate layers made of metallic sheet material
- the metallic sheet material can, for example, at least rest on the pebble.
- the metallic sheet-like material expediently rests on the foot mass and / or between individual layers or all layers of masses. Prefers the metallic sheet-like material is arranged between every or every second layer of ingots.
- the intermediate layers made of metallic material can be, for example, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, meshwork, expanded metal, fleece, foil, wrinkled foil, perforated foil, perforated wrinkled foil, corrugated foil or corrugated perforated foil.
- Suitable fabrics, knitted fabrics, meshes and expanded metals are described above, wherein the mesh size and number as well as the thread and wire thickness or expanded metal thickness can be in the same ranges.
- Nonwovens or metal wools can also be produced from fibers, staple fibers or short fibers made of metal, which can be used as intermediate layers in thicknesses of, for example, 1 to 5 mm and preferably 3 mm.
- Metallic foils can also be used as intermediate layers, it being possible preferably to use crease foils, perforated foils, wrinkled perforated foils, corrugated foils or corrugated perforated foils.
- the films can have a thickness of, for example, 20 to 500 ⁇ m, advantageously 20 to 200 ⁇ m and preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Waves or creases produce foils which, compared to smooth foils, form a much larger number of friction surfaces between the intermediate layers and the individual ingots. With perforated films, the material requirement is reduced without significantly reducing the number of friction surfaces.
- the metallic fabric, knitted fabric, the expanded metal, the meshwork made of metal wire and the intermediate layers made of metallic material expediently consist or contain the same metal or essentially the same metal as the ingots.
- the metal can be a ferrous or non-ferrous metal. Examples are iron, copper, bronze, tin, etc.
- the metal is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloys.
- the same aluminum or aluminum alloy as for the ingots or an alloy-neutral aluminum alloy is particularly preferably used for the woven fabric, knitted fabric, meshwork made of wire, expanded metal and / or the intermediate layers, or aluminum, for example a purity of 99.7% or higher, is also preferred or only low alloy aluminum is used.
- the pile of heaps is surrounded with metallic fabric, knitted metal, expanded metal or mesh made of metal wire, the pile of heaps can thus be surrounded on the side faces or on the side faces and the top face.
- Bulk stacks are preferred, surrounded by a mesh of metal wire on the side surfaces or on the side surfaces and on the top surface of the stack.
- the intermediate layer advantageously extends over the entire surface of a mass layer or at least into the outer region of a mass layer. It is also possible to provide intermediate layers only in the center of a mass layer, at least in one dimension, such that each individual mass is at least partially in contact with the intermediate layer. Strip-shaped intermediate layers can also be provided, which only cover part of a mass layer. This in turn with the proviso that each ingot at least partially touches an intermediate layer.
- a mass layer has, for example, an extension of 600 x 600 mm, accordingly the intermediate layer can also have an extension of 600 x 600 mm, for example, or an intermediate layer of, for example, 560 x 560 mm can be provided, or two can be used, for example Strips of an intermediate layer, offset by 90 ° to the edges of the pigs, in the size of, for example, 100 ⁇ 600 mm are provided.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing an ingot stack, the ingot stack being encased on its side faces or encased on side and top faces by a metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or meshwork of metal, and / or when the individual ingots are stacked between at least two layers of ingots at least one intermediate layer of metallic sheet material is inserted.
- the pile of stacks can be layered and a prepared wire hood made of metal-proof fabric can be layered over the layered pile. metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or metal mesh.
- the wire hood must essentially have the dimensions of the ingot. The distance between the wire hood and the four side walls of the stack is, for example, 1 to 1.5 cm each. After the wire hood has been put on, the wire hood and the stack of piles are fastened by, for example, two to five packing tapes.
- an excessively large wire hood is placed over the pile of ingots and a molded hood with sidewalls that move inwards and a cover surface are lowered over the pile of ingots.
- the wire hood can be pressed against the piling stack by the inwardly movable side walls. Due to the inelasticity of the wire hood and the stitches that fit snugly against the ingots, the individual ingots are then held securely by the meshwork.
- the wire hood can be slipped over the stack by hand.
- the mold hood is lowered over the stack with a small lifting device.
- the molded hood has, for example, four rubber membranes corresponding to the four sides of the stack, which are pressurized with compressed air.
- the volume of the rubber membranes is temporarily expanded.
- the rubber membranes press the permanently deformable wire hood onto the stack walls.
- the rubber membranes are then vented and the mold hood is raised.
- the stack can then optionally be provided with two to five packing tapes.
- rolled goods in the form of a metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or meshwork made of metal wire can be unrolled from a roll over all four sides of the pile of piles.
- the pile of piles can be arranged on a rotating bolster.
- a rotatable roll with the roll goods in the form of metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, meshwork made of metal or expanded metal can be provided standing upright. This roll goods is e.g. wrapped by hand or by machine around the four sides of the stack. As soon as the four sides are covered with the roll goods, if necessary with an overlap measure, the roll goods can be cut off.
- the two ends of the rolled goods on the stack can be connected to each other with wire and needle. Press welding of the wire ends of the roll goods between one or two aluminum strips is also possible. Aluminum clips or other means which perform a clip function can also be provided. It is also conceivable for lever toggle locks to be inserted between individual ingots or into individual loops, in particular made of the same material as the rolled goods or the ingots.
- Another variant of connecting the ends of the roll goods to one another or to the stack is an adhesive connection, for example at certain points or along the entire seam. The relatively small amounts of adhesive do not have a disruptive effect on the melting process. Even in the case of merely lateral wrapping, for example two to five packing tapes can subsequently be wrapped around the pile of piles. These packing tapes can in turn be made of the same material or at least similar material as the ingots.
- the intermediate layers can be cut to size and made available. An intermediate layer can then, for example, be placed on the foot mass by hand or by machine, and / or an intermediate layer can subsequently be placed, for example, on every mass layer or on every second mass layer.
- one or both of the outer sides of the intermediate layer can be coated at least selectively with a pressure sensitive adhesive. This keeps the liner in place and protects it from slipping.
- the stack of piles can be wrapped with packing tapes and / or as described above.
- the wire thickness and the mesh size of the coverings are selected, for example, so that any product information that is directly attached to the ingots by embossing, marking, labeling or the like can be read.
- the pile of piles according to the present invention can in the usual way up to now by the usual lifting and moving devices, such as. Forklifts, trolleys and on trucks and railroad cars.
- the packing tapes optionally the lateral wrapping or the hood-like wrapping can be easily removed and the pigs can be used. If intermediate layers are provided, they can be easily removed. Both the wrapping and the intermediate layers, since they generally consist of the same or at least similar material as the ingots, can - like the packing tapes and the foot masses - be fed to the melting furnace in the foundry. There is no waste.
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Abstract
Description
Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Masselstapel und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Masselstapeln.The present invention relates to a pile of stacks and a method for producing pile of stacks.
In der Praxis werden Masselstapel, beispielsweise aus Masseln aus Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen, durch Schichten von Einzelmasseln erzeugt. Die Einzelmasseln werden z.B. serienweise in einer Giessvorrichtung in Strangform, beispielsweise in einer Horizontalstranggiessmaschine, erzeugt und abgelängt, und, in der Regel mit maschineller Hilfe, serienweise aufeinandergeschichtet. Jede Schicht wird gegenüber der darunterliegenden Schicht um 90° verdreht aufgeschichtet. Vorgelegt und die Masseln darauf aufgeschichtet, werden Fussmasseln, die in der Regel aus dem gleichen Material wie die Masseln bestehen und die es ermöglichen, mit Hub- und Verschiebeeinrichtungen, wie z.B. einem Gabelstapler unter die Masselstapel zu greifen. Nach dem Erreichen der gewünschten Masselzahl werden die Masselstapel mit beispielsweise 3 bis 5 Packbändern aus Metall umgeben und die Packbänder gespannt. Die Packbänder sind in der Regel aus Aluminiumband einer geeigneten Breite und können beim Endverbraucher der Masseln, wie die Fussmasseln auch, mit den Masseln verarbeitet, d.h. miteingeschmolzen werden.In practice, stacks of ingots, for example made of ingots made of aluminum or aluminum alloys, are produced by layering individual ingots. The single pots are e.g. produced and cut to length in a casting device in the form of a strand, for example in a horizontal continuous casting machine, and, as a rule with the help of a machine, layered on top of one another in series. Each layer is stacked rotated by 90 ° with respect to the layer below. Placed and the pigs are stacked on top, foot piles, which are usually made of the same material as the pigs and which allow lifting and displacement devices, e.g. reach under the piles of forklifts. After reaching the desired number of ingots, the ingot stacks are surrounded with, for example, 3 to 5 packing tapes made of metal and the packing tapes are stretched. The packing tapes are usually made of aluminum tape of a suitable width and can be processed by the end users of the pigs, like the pebbles, with the pigs, i.e. are melted down.
In der Praxis hat es sich gezeigt, dass derartige Masselstapel weder rutschfest noch transportsicher sind. Der Kunde klagt darüber, dass einzelne Masseln herausrutschen und sogar herausfallen. Die Kompaktheit des Stapels ist nicht gewährleistet.In practice it has been shown that such stacks are neither non-slip nor safe to transport. The customer complains that individual ingots slip out and even fall out. The compactness of the stack is not guaranteed.
Deshalb werden die Masselstapel mit einer Schrumpffolie oder einer Dehnfolie umhüllt. Die satt an den Seitenflächen anliegende Schrumpf- oder Dehnfolie verhindert zuverlässig das Herausrutschen einzelner Masseln, die beispielsweise in einem "Reibungsschatten" der umliegenden Masseln liegen, d.h. die hohl liegen und sich lockern können.For this reason, the pile of heaps is covered with a shrink film or a stretch film. The shrink or stretch film that fits snugly against the side surfaces reliably prevents individual ingots from slipping out, which are, for example, in a "friction shadow" of the surrounding ingots, i.e. which are hollow and can loosen.
Die Schrumpf- und Dehnfolien sind aus polymeren Kunststoffen und haben den Vorteil, durchsichtig zu sein. Dies bedeutet, dass Produkteinformationen, die direkt auf den Masseln angebracht sind, wie Codes, Bezeichnungen oder Einprägungen gelesen werden können.The shrink and stretch films are made of polymeric plastics and have the advantage of being transparent. This means that product information directly on the ingots, such as codes, names or impressions, can be read.
Im Rahmen der Umweltschutzgesetze wird zunehmend gefordert, Verpackungsmaterialien zu vermeiden, zu rezyklieren oder dem Lieferanten wieder zur Verfügung zu stellen. Solche gebrauchten Schrumpf- und Dehnfolienabfälle aus Kunststoff stellen z.B. in einer Metallgiesserei ein wesensfremdes Element dar, und es stehen keine Rezykliervorrichtungen zur Verfügung. Zudem ist der Abfall sperrig und bedarf voluminöser Rückführkapazitäten.Within the framework of environmental protection laws, there is an increasing demand to avoid packaging materials, to recycle them or to make them available to the supplier again. Such used shrink and stretch film waste made of plastic, e.g. is a foreign element in a metal foundry and there are no recycling devices available. In addition, the waste is bulky and requires voluminous return capacities.
Es wurde deshalb der Vorschlag gemacht, die innere Festigkeit des Stapels durch eine geometrische Ebenheit der Referenzfläche, d.h. die Fläche zwischen Fussmassel und/oder Stapellage und/oder durch eine geometrische Gleichheit aller Masseln zu erreichen. Dies lässt sich jedoch nur durch ungebührlichen Aufwand, wie z.B. Oberflächenbearbeitung jeder Massel erreichen.It has therefore been proposed that the internal strength of the stack be determined by a geometric flatness of the reference surface, i.e. to reach the area between the foot mass and / or the stack position and / or by means of a geometrical equality of all the masses. However, this can only be done by undue effort, such as Reach every bit of surface.
Es besteht ebenfalls auch die Möglichkeit, jede Massel mit Führungsrillen und Führungsleisten z.B. an allen vier Seitenflächen der Masseln zu versehen.There is also the option of using each ingot with guide grooves and guide strips e.g. to be provided on all four side surfaces of the pigs.
Beispielsweise könnte jede Massel 3 oder 4 konkave Spurrillen und 3 resp. 2 konvexe Haltewülste aufweisen. Im Stapelverbund würde jede Massel durch die Rillen und Wülste mit der Nachbarmassel formschlüssig verbunden. Dazu müssten die Kokillen zum Masselguss geändert werden.For example, each pig could have 3 or 4 concave ruts and 3 resp. Have 2 convex retaining beads. In the stacked structure, each ingot would be positively connected to the neighboring ingot by the grooves and beads. To do this, the ingot molds would have to be changed.
Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es, ein Masselstapel vorzuschlagen, dessen einzelne Masseln sicher im Stapel halten und gegen Herausfallen gesichert sind, ohne dass die Masselform geändert werden muss und ohne dass für eine Giesserei artfremde Verpackungsmaterialien anfallen.The object of the present invention is to propose a stack of ingots, the individual ingots of which are securely held in the stack and are secured against falling out, without the ingot shape having to be changed and without packaging materials of a different type being obtained for a foundry.
Erfindungsgemäss wird das dadurch erreicht, dass der Masselstapel durch ein metallisches Gewebe, ein metallisches Gewirke, ein Maschenwerk aus Metalldraht oder Streckmetall zumindest an seinen Seitenflächen umgeben ist und/oder der Masselstapel zwischen wenigstens zwei Lagen von Masseln wenigstens eine Zwischenlage aus metallischem flächenhaften Material enthält.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the pile of ingots is surrounded at least on its side surfaces by a metallic fabric, a metallic knitted fabric, a mesh made of metal wire or expanded metal and / or the pile of ingots contains at least one intermediate layer of metallic sheet-like material between at least two layers of ingots.
Als metallisches Gewebe kann beispielsweise ein glattes Gewebe oder Mehrfachgewebe aus Metallfäden oder Drähten angewendet werden.As a metallic fabric, for example, a smooth fabric or Multiple fabrics made of metal threads or wires can be used.
Metallische Gewirke sind Faden- oder Drahtverbindungen aus Metallfäden oder -drähten, die durch Verschlingung von reihenweise nebeneinanderliegenden Schlingen oder Maschen gebildet werden. Die Gewirke können beispielsweise Kulierware oder Kettenware darstellen.Metallic knitted fabrics are thread or wire connections made of metal threads or wires, which are formed by intertwining loops or stitches lying side by side in rows. The knitted fabrics can represent, for example, ware or chain goods.
Maschenwerk aus Metalldraht kann aus einem Metallfaden oder -drahtgeflecht bestehen und Maschenformen aufweisen, wie sie beispielsweise für Maschenzäune angewendet werden.Mesh made of metal wire can consist of a metal thread or wire mesh and have mesh shapes, such as those used for mesh fences.
Streckmetalle können Streckbleche oder Streckfolien darstellen und sind einem Drahtgeflecht ähnliche Gebilde, die beispielsweise durch regelmässige abwechslungsweise gegeneinander verschobene Schnitte in ein flächenhaftes Material, wie eine Folie, ein Band oder ein Blech angebracht, und durch anschliessendes Strecken erzeugt werden.Expanded metals can represent expanded metal sheets or expanded films and are structures similar to a wire mesh, which are made, for example, by regular, alternately shifted cuts in a flat material, such as a film, a band or a sheet, and produced by subsequent stretching.
Die Maschengrösse kann in allen Fällen beispielsweise zwischen 5 und 50 mm liegen, wobei Maschengrössen von 10 bis 30 mm bevorzugt werden.The mesh size can be, for example, between 5 and 50 mm in all cases, mesh sizes from 10 to 30 mm being preferred.
Werden Metallfäden oder Metalldraht verwendet, so kann dessen Dicke beispielsweise bei etwa 1,0 bis 3,0 mm, zweckmässig von 1,5 bis 3,0 mm, liegen, wobei für feinmaschige Geflechte, Gewebe oder Gewirke in der Regel dünnere Fäden oder Drähte im Bereich von 1,0 bis 2,0 mm Dicke und für grobmaschige Geflechte, Gewebe oder Gewirke in der Regel dickere Fäden oder Drähte im Bereich von 2,0 bis 3,0 mm Dicke verwendet werden.If metal threads or metal wire are used, their thickness can be, for example, about 1.0 to 3.0 mm, expediently from 1.5 to 3.0 mm, with thinner threads or wires as a rule for fine-meshed braids, woven fabrics or knitted fabrics in the range from 1.0 to 2.0 mm thick and for coarse meshes, woven or knitted fabrics usually thicker threads or wires in the range from 2.0 to 3.0 mm thick are used.
Streckmetall kann beispielsweise aus Blechen, Band oder Folie einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 2,0 mm, zweckmässig 0,8 bis 1,5 mm, hergestellt werden.Expanded metal can be produced, for example, from sheets, strips or foils with a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, advantageously 0.8 to 1.5 mm.
Enthält der Masselstapel gemäss vorliegender Erfindung Zwischenlagen aus metallischem flächenhaften Material, so kann das metallische flächenhafte Material beispielsweise wenigstens auf der Fussmassel aufliegen.If the stack of piles according to the present invention contains intermediate layers made of metallic sheet material, the metallic sheet material can, for example, at least rest on the pebble.
Zweckmässig liegt das metallische flächenhafte Material auf der Fussmassel und/oder zwischen einzelnen oder allen Lagen von Masseln auf. Bevorzugt ist das metallische flächenhafte Material zwischen jeder oder jeder zweiten Lage von Masseln angeordnet.The metallic sheet-like material expediently rests on the foot mass and / or between individual layers or all layers of masses. Prefers the metallic sheet-like material is arranged between every or every second layer of ingots.
Es liegt im Sinne vorliegender Erfindung, auch Anordnungen von metallischem flächenhaften Material in anderen Anordnungen zwischen den einzelnen Massellagen vorzusehen.It is within the meaning of the present invention to also provide arrangements of metallic sheet material in other arrangements between the individual mass layers.
Mit jeder Zwischenlage werden zwischen den Masseln und der Zwischenlage eine Vielzahl von zusätzlichen Reibungsflächen erzeugt.With each intermediate layer, a large number of additional friction surfaces are generated between the ingots and the intermediate layer.
Die Zwischenlagen aus metallischem Material können beispielsweise Gewebe, Gewirke, Geflechte, Maschenwerke, Streckmetall, Vliesse, Folie, Knitterfolie, Lochfolie, gelochte Knitterfolie, gewellte Folie oder gewellte Lochfolie sein.The intermediate layers made of metallic material can be, for example, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, braids, meshwork, expanded metal, fleece, foil, wrinkled foil, perforated foil, perforated wrinkled foil, corrugated foil or corrugated perforated foil.
Geeignete Gewebe, Gewirke, Maschenwerke und Streckmetalle sind obenstehend beschrieben, wobei die Maschengrösse und -zahl sowie die Faden- und Drahtdicke oder Streckmetalldicke in gleichen Bereichen sein können.Suitable fabrics, knitted fabrics, meshes and expanded metals are described above, wherein the mesh size and number as well as the thread and wire thickness or expanded metal thickness can be in the same ranges.
Aus Fasern, Stapelfasern oder Kurzfasern aus Metall können auch Vliesse oder Metallwollen hergestellt werden, die in Dicken von beispielsweise 1 bis 5 mm und vorzugsweise 3 mm als Zwischenlagen Anwendung finden können.Nonwovens or metal wools can also be produced from fibers, staple fibers or short fibers made of metal, which can be used as intermediate layers in thicknesses of, for example, 1 to 5 mm and preferably 3 mm.
Als Zwischenschichten können auch metallische Folien angewendet werden, wobei bevorzugt Knitterfolien, Lochfolien, geknitterte Lochfolien, gewellte Folien oder gewellte Lochfolien angewendet werden können.Metallic foils can also be used as intermediate layers, it being possible preferably to use crease foils, perforated foils, wrinkled perforated foils, corrugated foils or corrugated perforated foils.
Die Folien können eine Dicke von beispielsweise 20 bis 500 µm, zweckmässig von 20 bis 200 µm und bevorzugt von 20 bis 50 µm, aufweisen.The films can have a thickness of, for example, 20 to 500 μm, advantageously 20 to 200 μm and preferably 20 to 50 μm.
Durch Wellen oder Knittern erreicht man Folien, die gegenüber glatten Folien eine viel grössere Zahl von Reibungsflächen zwischen den Zwischenlagen und den einzelnen Masseln ausbilden. Mit Lochfolien wird der Materialbedarf vermindert ohne die Zahl der Reibungsflächen wesentlich zu verkleinern.Waves or creases produce foils which, compared to smooth foils, form a much larger number of friction surfaces between the intermediate layers and the individual ingots. With perforated films, the material requirement is reduced without significantly reducing the number of friction surfaces.
Zweckmässig bestehen oder enthalten das metallische Gewebe, Gewirke, das Streckmetall, das Maschenwerk aus Metalldraht und die Zwischenlagen aus metallischem Material das gleiche Metall oder im wesentlichen das gleiche Metall wie die Masseln.The metallic fabric, knitted fabric, the expanded metal, the meshwork made of metal wire and the intermediate layers made of metallic material expediently consist or contain the same metal or essentially the same metal as the ingots.
Das Metall kann ein Eisen- oder Nichteisenmetall darstellen. Beispiele sind Eisen, Kupfer, Bronze, Zinn usw. Bevorzugt ist das Metall Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen.The metal can be a ferrous or non-ferrous metal. Examples are iron, copper, bronze, tin, etc. The metal is preferably aluminum or aluminum alloys.
Besonders bevorzugt wird für das Gewebe, Gewirke, Maschenwerk aus Draht, Streckmetall und/oder die Zwischenlagen das gleiche Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierung wie für die Masseln oder eine legierungsneutrale Aluminiumlegierung angewendet oder es wird auch bevorzugt Aluminium, beispielsweise einer Reinheit von 99,7 % oder höher oder nur gering legiertes Aluminium angewendet.The same aluminum or aluminum alloy as for the ingots or an alloy-neutral aluminum alloy is particularly preferably used for the woven fabric, knitted fabric, meshwork made of wire, expanded metal and / or the intermediate layers, or aluminum, for example a purity of 99.7% or higher, is also preferred or only low alloy aluminum is used.
Wird der Masselstapel mit metallischem Gewebe, metallischem Gewirke, Streckmetall oder Maschenwerk aus Metalldraht umgeben, so kann der Masselstapel damit an den Seitenflächen oder an den Seitenflächen und der Deckfläche umgeben werden. Bevorzugt sind Masselstapel, umgeben mit einem Maschenwerk aus Metalldraht an den Seitenflächen oder an den Seitenflächen und auf der Deckfläche des Stapels.If the pile of heaps is surrounded with metallic fabric, knitted metal, expanded metal or mesh made of metal wire, the pile of heaps can thus be surrounded on the side faces or on the side faces and the top face. Bulk stacks are preferred, surrounded by a mesh of metal wire on the side surfaces or on the side surfaces and on the top surface of the stack.
Sind in einem Masselstapel Zwischenlagen vorgesehen, so erstreckt sich die Zwischenlage vorteilhaft über die ganze Fläche einer Massellage oder zumindest bis in den Aussenbereich einer Massellage. Es ist auch möglich, nur im Zentrum einer Massellage, wenigstens in einer Ausdehnung Zwischenlagen vorzusehen, derart jede einzelne Massel wenigstens teilweise in Berührung mit der Zwischenlage ist. Es können auch streifenförmige Zwischenlagen vorgesehen werden, die nur einen Teil einer Massellage abdecken. Dies wiederum mit der Massgabe, dass jede Massel wenigstens teilweise eine Zwischenlage berührt.If intermediate layers are provided in a stack of piles, the intermediate layer advantageously extends over the entire surface of a mass layer or at least into the outer region of a mass layer. It is also possible to provide intermediate layers only in the center of a mass layer, at least in one dimension, such that each individual mass is at least partially in contact with the intermediate layer. Strip-shaped intermediate layers can also be provided, which only cover part of a mass layer. This in turn with the proviso that each ingot at least partially touches an intermediate layer.
Eine Massellage hat beispielsweise eine Ausdehnung von 600 x 600 mm, demnach kann die Zwischenlage beispielsweise ebenfalls eine Ausdehnung von 600 x 600 mm haben, oder es kann eine Zwischenlage von beispielsweise 560 x 560 mm vorgesehen werden, oder es können beispielsweise zwei Streifen einer Zwischenlage, zu den Kanten der Masseln um 90° versetzt, in der Grösse von beispielsweise 100 x 600 mm vorgesehen werden.A mass layer has, for example, an extension of 600 x 600 mm, accordingly the intermediate layer can also have an extension of 600 x 600 mm, for example, or an intermediate layer of, for example, 560 x 560 mm can be provided, or two can be used, for example Strips of an intermediate layer, offset by 90 ° to the edges of the pigs, in the size of, for example, 100 × 600 mm are provided.
Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Masselstapels, wobei der Masselstapel durch ein metallisches Gewebe, metallisches Gewirke, Streckmetall oder Maschenwerk aus Metall, an seinen Seitenflächen eingehüllt oder an Seiten- und Deckflächen umhüllt wird und/oder beim Stapeln der einzelnen Masseln zwischen wenigstens zwei Lagen von Masseln wenigstens eine Zwischenlage aus metallischem flächenhaften Material eingelegt wird.The present invention also relates to a method for producing an ingot stack, the ingot stack being encased on its side faces or encased on side and top faces by a metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or meshwork of metal, and / or when the individual ingots are stacked between at least two layers of ingots at least one intermediate layer of metallic sheet material is inserted.
Beispielsweise kann der Masselstapel geschichtet werden und über den geschichteten Masselstapel eine vorbereitete Drahthaube aus metallsichem Gewebe. metallischem Gewirke, Streckmetall oder Maschenwerk aus Metall gestülpt werden. Die Drahthaube muss im wesentlichen die Abmessung des Masselstapels aufweisen. Der Abstand der Drahthaube von den vier Seitenwänden des Stapels beträgt beispielsweise je 1 bis 1,5 cm. Nach dem Überstülpen der Drahthaube wird die Drahthaube und der Masselstapel durch beispielsweise zwei bis fünf Packbänder befestigt.For example, the pile of stacks can be layered and a prepared wire hood made of metal-proof fabric can be layered over the layered pile. metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or metal mesh. The wire hood must essentially have the dimensions of the ingot. The distance between the wire hood and the four side walls of the stack is, for example, 1 to 1.5 cm each. After the wire hood has been put on, the wire hood and the stack of piles are fastened by, for example, two to five packing tapes.
Es kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass eine Drahthaube mit Übermass über dem Masselstapel gestülpt wird, und eine Formhaube mit einwärts beweglichen Seitenwänden und Deckfläche über dem Masselstapel abgesenkt wird. Durch die einwärts beweglichen Seitenwände kann die Drahthaube gegen den Masselstapel gedrückt werden. Durch die Inelastizität der Drahthaube und die an den Masseln satt anliegenden Maschen werden die einzelnen Masseln danach sicher durch das Maschenwerk gehalten. Beispielsweise kann die Drahthaube von Hand über den Stapel gestülpt werden. Die Formhaube wird mit einem kleinen Hebezeug über den Stapel abgesenkt. Innenseitig weist die Formhaube beispielsweise vier Gummimembranen entsprechend den vier Seiten des Stapels auf, die mit Druckluft beaufschlagt werden. Durch die Beaufschlagung mit Druckluft erfolgt eine temporäre Volumenerweiterung der Gummimembranen. Dabei pressen die Gummimembranen die bleibend deformierbare Drahthaube an die Stapelwände an. Anschliessend werden die Gummimembranen entlüftet und die Formhaube angehoben. Der Stapel kann dann gegebenenfalls noch mit zwei bis fünf Packbändern versehen werden.It can also be provided that an excessively large wire hood is placed over the pile of ingots and a molded hood with sidewalls that move inwards and a cover surface are lowered over the pile of ingots. The wire hood can be pressed against the piling stack by the inwardly movable side walls. Due to the inelasticity of the wire hood and the stitches that fit snugly against the ingots, the individual ingots are then held securely by the meshwork. For example, the wire hood can be slipped over the stack by hand. The mold hood is lowered over the stack with a small lifting device. On the inside, the molded hood has, for example, four rubber membranes corresponding to the four sides of the stack, which are pressurized with compressed air. By applying compressed air, the volume of the rubber membranes is temporarily expanded. The rubber membranes press the permanently deformable wire hood onto the stack walls. The rubber membranes are then vented and the mold hood is raised. The stack can then optionally be provided with two to five packing tapes.
Es ist auch möglich, den Masselstapel nur entlang der Seitenwände einzuhüllen oder zu umhüllen. Dazu kann beispielsweise Rollenware in Form eines metallischen Gewebes, metallischen Gewirkes, Streckmetalls oder Maschenwerkes aus Metalldraht von einer Rolle über alle vier Seiten des Masselstapels abgerollt werden. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Masselstapel auf einem Drehschemmel angeordnet sein. Es kann daneben aufrechtstehend eine drehbare Rolle mit der Rollenware in Form von metallischem Gewebe, metallischem Gewirke, Maschenwerkes aus Metall oder Streckmetall vorgesehen sein. Diese Rollenware wird z.B. von Hand oder maschinell um die vier Seiten des Stapels herumgewickelt. Sobald die vier Seiten mit der Rollenware, gegebenenfalls mit einem Überlappungsmass, umhüllt sind, kann die Rollenware abgeschnitten werden. Die beiden Enden der Rollenware am Stapel können mit Draht und Nadel miteinander verbunden werden. Auch Pressschweissen der Drahtenden der Rollenware zwischen einer oder zwei Aluminiumleisten ist möglich. Ferner können Aluminiumklammern oder andere Mittel, welche eine Klammerfunktion ausüben, vorgesehen werden. Denkbar sind auch zwischen einzelne Masseln oder in einzelne Maschen einsteckbare Hebel-Kippverschlüsse, insbesondere aus gleichem Material wie die Rollenware oder die Masseln. Eine andere Variante des Verbindens der Enden der Rollenware untereinander, respektive gegen den Stapel, ist eine Klebeverbindung, beispielsweise punktuell oder entlang der ganzen Naht. Die relativ geringen Klebstoffmengen wirken sich nicht störend auf den Einschmelzprozess aus. Auch im Falle des bloss seitlichen Umhüllens können anschliessend beispielsweise zwei bis fünf Packbänder um den Masselstapel geschlungen werden. Diese Packbänder können wiederum aus dem gleichen Material oder zumindest ähnlichem Material wie die Masseln hergestellt sein.It is also possible to wrap or wrap the stack of ingots only along the side walls. For this purpose, for example, rolled goods in the form of a metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, expanded metal or meshwork made of metal wire can be unrolled from a roll over all four sides of the pile of piles. For this purpose, the pile of piles can be arranged on a rotating bolster. In addition, a rotatable roll with the roll goods in the form of metallic fabric, metallic knitted fabric, meshwork made of metal or expanded metal can be provided standing upright. This roll goods is e.g. wrapped by hand or by machine around the four sides of the stack. As soon as the four sides are covered with the roll goods, if necessary with an overlap measure, the roll goods can be cut off. The two ends of the rolled goods on the stack can be connected to each other with wire and needle. Press welding of the wire ends of the roll goods between one or two aluminum strips is also possible. Aluminum clips or other means which perform a clip function can also be provided. It is also conceivable for lever toggle locks to be inserted between individual ingots or into individual loops, in particular made of the same material as the rolled goods or the ingots. Another variant of connecting the ends of the roll goods to one another or to the stack is an adhesive connection, for example at certain points or along the entire seam. The relatively small amounts of adhesive do not have a disruptive effect on the melting process. Even in the case of merely lateral wrapping, for example two to five packing tapes can subsequently be wrapped around the pile of piles. These packing tapes can in turn be made of the same material or at least similar material as the ingots.
In jedem Falle ist es auch möglich, zuerst die Packbänder anzuwenden und dann die Umhüllung mit Drahtgeflecht vorzunehmen.In any case, it is also possible to use the packing tapes first and then to wrap them with wire mesh.
Die Zwischenlagen können auf das gewünschte Mass zugeschnitten und bereitgestellt werden. Von Hand oder maschinell kann dann beispielsweise eine Zwischenlage auf die Fussmassel aufgelegt werden und/oder nachfolgend kann beispielsweise auf jede Massellage oder auf jede zweite Massellage eine Zwischenlage gelegt werden.The intermediate layers can be cut to size and made available. An intermediate layer can then, for example, be placed on the foot mass by hand or by machine, and / or an intermediate layer can subsequently be placed, for example, on every mass layer or on every second mass layer.
Gegebenenfalls kann eine oder beide der Aussenseiten der Zwischenlage zumindest punktuell mit einem Haftkleber beschichtet sein. Dies hält die Zwischenlage an vorgesehenem Platz und schützt gegen Verrutschen derselben.If necessary, one or both of the outer sides of the intermediate layer can be coated at least selectively with a pressure sensitive adhesive. This keeps the liner in place and protects it from slipping.
Sobald der Masselstapel seine gewünschte Höhe erreicht hat, kann der Masselstapel mit Packbändern und/oder wie vorbeschrieben umhüllt werden.As soon as the stack of piles has reached its desired height, the stack of piles can be wrapped with packing tapes and / or as described above.
Die Drahtdicke sowie die Maschenweite der Umhüllungen werden beispielsweise so gewählt, dass allfällige Produktinformationen, die direkt auf den Masseln durch Einprägungen, Markierungen, Beschriftungen oder dergleichen angebracht sind, gelesen werden könen.The wire thickness and the mesh size of the coverings are selected, for example, so that any product information that is directly attached to the ingots by embossing, marking, labeling or the like can be read.
Die Masselstapel nach vorliegender Erfindung können auf die bis anhin übliche Weise durch die üblichen Hebe- und Verschiebeeinrichtungen, wie z.B. Gabelstapler, Rollwagen und auf Lastkraftwagen und Eisenbahnwagen, transportiert werden.The pile of piles according to the present invention can in the usual way up to now by the usual lifting and moving devices, such as. Forklifts, trolleys and on trucks and railroad cars.
Auch bei heftigen Beschleunigungen oder Verzögerungen wie sie beim Transportieren von solchen Masselstapeln vorkommen können, rutschen oder fallen keine einzelnen Masseln aus dem Stapel heraus. Beim Anwender der Masselstapel und insbesondere demnach bei den Giessereien können auf leichte Weise die Packbänder, gegebenenfalls die seitliche Umhüllung oder die haubenartige Umhüllung entfernt und die Masseln benutzt werden. Sind Zwischenlagen vorgesehen, können diese leicht entfernt werden. Sowohl Umhüllung als auch Zwischenlagen, da sie in der Regel aus dem gleichen oder zumindest ähnlichen Material bestehen wie die Masseln, können - wie auch die Packbänder und die Fussmassein - in der Giesserei dem Schmelzofen zugeführt werden. Es fallen keine Abfälle an.Even in the case of violent accelerations or decelerations, such as can occur when transporting such piles of stacks, no individual pigs slide or fall out of the stack. For the user of the stack of piles and in particular for the foundries, the packing tapes, optionally the lateral wrapping or the hood-like wrapping can be easily removed and the pigs can be used. If intermediate layers are provided, they can be easily removed. Both the wrapping and the intermediate layers, since they generally consist of the same or at least similar material as the ingots, can - like the packing tapes and the foot masses - be fed to the melting furnace in the foundry. There is no waste.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH03126/92A CH686668A5 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1992-10-07 | Masselstapel. |
| CH3126/92 | 1992-10-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0592362A1 true EP0592362A1 (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| EP0592362B1 EP0592362B1 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
Family
ID=4249175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93810679A Expired - Lifetime EP0592362B1 (en) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-09-24 | Stack of ingots |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0592362B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE127715T1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH686668A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59300591D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0592362T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2079955T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO306391B1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2830699A (en) * | 1954-07-14 | 1958-04-15 | Sidney R Gill | Package of oblong bars |
| US3081871A (en) * | 1960-11-08 | 1963-03-19 | Aluminum Co Of America | Interlocking elongate articles and bundles thereof |
| US3385678A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1968-05-28 | Reynolds Metals Co | Corrugated ingot |
| FR2344458A1 (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-10-14 | Massenet Olivier | Stabiliser for base of palletless ingot stack - consists of Z-shaped member with limbs bent to profile of ingot faces |
| EP0248933A1 (en) * | 1986-06-10 | 1987-12-16 | Goldco Industries, Inc. | Sheet transfer device and method |
-
1992
- 1992-10-07 CH CH03126/92A patent/CH686668A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-09-24 ES ES93810679T patent/ES2079955T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-24 DK DK93810679.6T patent/DK0592362T3/en active
- 1993-09-24 DE DE59300591T patent/DE59300591D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-24 EP EP93810679A patent/EP0592362B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-24 AT AT93810679T patent/ATE127715T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-01 NO NO933515A patent/NO306391B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2830699A (en) * | 1954-07-14 | 1958-04-15 | Sidney R Gill | Package of oblong bars |
| US3081871A (en) * | 1960-11-08 | 1963-03-19 | Aluminum Co Of America | Interlocking elongate articles and bundles thereof |
| US3385678A (en) * | 1965-11-30 | 1968-05-28 | Reynolds Metals Co | Corrugated ingot |
| FR2344458A1 (en) * | 1976-03-18 | 1977-10-14 | Massenet Olivier | Stabiliser for base of palletless ingot stack - consists of Z-shaped member with limbs bent to profile of ingot faces |
| EP0248933A1 (en) * | 1986-06-10 | 1987-12-16 | Goldco Industries, Inc. | Sheet transfer device and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0592362B1 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
| NO306391B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 |
| CH686668A5 (en) | 1996-05-31 |
| NO933515L (en) | 1994-04-08 |
| NO933515D0 (en) | 1993-10-01 |
| ES2079955T3 (en) | 1996-01-16 |
| DK0592362T3 (en) | 1996-02-05 |
| ATE127715T1 (en) | 1995-09-15 |
| DE59300591D1 (en) | 1995-10-19 |
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