EP0590107A1 - Sintered material for frictionally locking elements, as well as a method for manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Sintered material for frictionally locking elements, as well as a method for manufacture thereof

Info

Publication number
EP0590107A1
EP0590107A1 EP93903892A EP93903892A EP0590107A1 EP 0590107 A1 EP0590107 A1 EP 0590107A1 EP 93903892 A EP93903892 A EP 93903892A EP 93903892 A EP93903892 A EP 93903892A EP 0590107 A1 EP0590107 A1 EP 0590107A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sintered
material according
friction
friction material
graphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93903892A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Detlef Gonia
Lothar Schneider
Heinz Rebsch
Marion Eckhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH
Original Assignee
Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH filed Critical Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege GmbH
Publication of EP0590107A1 publication Critical patent/EP0590107A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sintered friction material in powder form with an iron matrix and a proportion of graphite for the production of frictional elements, in particular of synchronization bodies.
  • Such sintered friction materials are used for frictional elements, which are part of clutches, brakes or synchronization devices, for example.
  • a main area of application is synchro rings, from which high load limits are required.
  • a friction element for oil running is known from DD-PS 89 727, which is intended for single-disc and multi-plate clutches, brakes or synchronous rings.
  • This known friction element is manufactured using powder metallurgy. It receives iron powder metallic additives of nickel, copper and lead as well as graphite, each in powder form. The use of lead results in a considerable health hazard both in the manufacture and in the use of the friction element.
  • the friction element made from this material tends to show strong adhesion, which manifests itself in a non-uniform torque build-up and seizures.
  • DE-GM 73 42 680 describes a synchronizer ring made of sintered steel, on which a thin molybdenum layer is applied in the area of the friction surface.
  • Molybdenum spray material is an expensive material. As a rule, it must be brought to the required surface dimensions on the synchronizing ring by grinding.
  • the applied layer has a relatively large surface roughness, so that the effective friction surface is comparatively small. In particular, this can lead to strong heating in the friction surface, which can result in the synchronizer ring and synchronizer body seizing and the molybdenum layer becoming detached.
  • the object of the invention is to create a sintered friction material which can withstand high loads with a sufficient coefficient of friction, in particular with regard to surface pressure and friction speed.
  • This sintered material is said to be able to be used inexpensively in the manufacture of frictionally locking elements, in particular of synchronizing bodies, such as synchronizing rings.
  • the recyclability of the sintered friction material and the frictional elements produced using it should be improved.
  • the powdery material contains a proportion of graphite from 15 to 30 percent by volume and an alloy content of 0.3 to 6 percent by mass of phosphorus, boron and / or sulfur.
  • the friction and wear behavior of the material is optimized by the proportion of graphite of at least 15 percent by volume.
  • the alloy proportions especially if they are not only dissolved in iron, but also as phosphides, borides or sulfides of iron, greatly reduce the tendency of the iron matrix to weld or eat. By not using lead, the health hazard in the manufacture of the known material is eliminated.
  • a relatively coarse-grained graphite powder or a graphite powder mixture with a large particle size distribution range is preferably used.
  • the graphite is natural graphite, with which the desired grain size spectrum is achieved. This takes place above all if, in a further embodiment of the invention, the average grain size of natural graphite is 20 to 120 ⁇ m.
  • the sintered friction material according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it contains a proportion of 5 to 15 volume percent of non-metallic substances which are constituted from metal oxides, metal carbides and / or alkaline earth metal sulfates. It has proven to be advantageous if these substances are used not as a chemical, but preferably as a natural substance in the form of mineral flour.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a friction lining from a sintered friction material described above.
  • the powdery starting components are mixed intimately, pressed at a pressure of 300 to 800 MPa and sintered at a temperature of 950 to 1150 ° C. in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the atmosphere can be inert or reduced.
  • the invention relates to a frictional element, in particular a synchronizer ring, with a friction lining made of the sintered friction material described above.
  • the carrier for the friction lining consists of sintered steel.
  • the joining problem according to the invention can be solved either by pressing and sintering the friction lining and carrier material together or by sintering the friction lining material onto a steel beam.
  • the friction lining is a component of the gradient structure of a sintered steel synchronizer ring. It must be emphasized that this type of joining is particularly cost-effective.
  • the friction material has the level of friction required for use in synchronizers.
  • the axial wear is less than 0.5 mm under normal load after 100,000 switching operations.
  • Recyclability can be illustrated using the example of a synchronizer ring with a friction lining according to the invention, since the synchronizer ring has the same material base as the construction materials of the transmission.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau de friction fritté, se présentant sous forme de poudre et comprenant une matrice de fer et une proportion de graphite, pour la fabrication d'éléments à liaison par friction. Le matériau doit être en mesure de résister à des charges élevées, pour un coefficient de frottement suffisant et, en outre, doit pouvoir être utilisé économiquement lors de la fabrication d'éléments à liaison par friction. De plus, l'invention vise à améliorer la possibilité de recyclage dedits éléments fabriqués en utilisant ledit matériau. Ces buts sont atteints grâce au fait que le matériau selon l'invention comprend une proportion de graphite de 15 à 30 % en volume et une proportion en éléments d'alliage: phosphore, bore et/ou soufre, de 0,3 à 6 % en masse. Le principal domaine d'application réside dans la fabrication de bagues de synchronisation dont on exige des charges limites élevées.The invention relates to a sintered friction material, in the form of a powder and comprising an iron matrix and a proportion of graphite, for the production of friction-linked elements. The material must be able to withstand high loads, for a sufficient coefficient of friction and, moreover, must be able to be used economically when manufacturing friction-connected elements. Moreover, the invention aims to improve the possibility of recycling of said elements manufactured using said material. These objects are achieved thanks to the fact that the material according to the invention comprises a proportion of graphite of 15 to 30% by volume and a proportion of alloying elements: phosphorus, boron and/or sulfur, of 0.3 to 6% en masse. The main area of application is in the manufacture of synchronizer rings where high limit loads are required.

Description

S.nterreibwerkstoff für reibschlussige elemente, sowie verfahren zum herstellen desselben. S. friction material for frictionally engaged elements, and method for producing the same.
Beschreibung:Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sinterreibwerkstoff in Pulver form mit Eisen-Matrix und einem Anteil an Graphit zum Her¬ stellen reibschlüssiger Elemente, insbesondere von Synchro nisierungskörpern. Derartige Sinterreibwerkstoffe werden für reibschlüssige Elemente verwendet, die beispielsweise Bestandteil von Kupplungen, Bremsen oder Synchronisierungs einrichtungen sind. Ein Hauptanwendungsgebiet sind Synchro ringe, von denen hohe Belastungsgrenzen gefordert werden.The invention relates to a sintered friction material in powder form with an iron matrix and a proportion of graphite for the production of frictional elements, in particular of synchronization bodies. Such sintered friction materials are used for frictional elements, which are part of clutches, brakes or synchronization devices, for example. A main area of application is synchro rings, from which high load limits are required.
Zur Erzielung der erforderlichen Eigenschaften sind ver¬ schiedene Möglichkeiten vorgeschlagen worden. So ist aus der DD-PS 89 727 ein Reibelement für öllauf bekannt, das für Einscheiben- und Lamellenkupplungen, Bremsen oder Syn- chronringe bestimmt ist. Dieses bekannte Reibelement wird pulvermetallurgisch hergestellt. Dabei erhält Eisenpulver metallische Zusätze von Nickel, Kupfer und Blei sowie Graphit, jeweils pulverför ig. Die Verwendung von Blei hat sowohl bei der Herstellung als auch beim Gebrauch des Reibelementes eine erhebliche Gesundheitsgefährdung zur Folge. Außerdem neigt das aus diesem Werkstoff hergestellte Reibelement wegen seines vergleichsweise zu geringen Graphitgehalteε bei höheren Belastungsparametern zu starken Adhäsionserschei¬ nungen, die sich in einem ungleichförmigen Momentaufbau und Freßerscheinungen äußern.Various possibilities have been proposed to achieve the required properties. A friction element for oil running is known from DD-PS 89 727, which is intended for single-disc and multi-plate clutches, brakes or synchronous rings. This known friction element is manufactured using powder metallurgy. It receives iron powder metallic additives of nickel, copper and lead as well as graphite, each in powder form. The use of lead results in a considerable health hazard both in the manufacture and in the use of the friction element. In addition, due to its comparatively low graphite content at higher loading parameters, the friction element made from this material tends to show strong adhesion, which manifests itself in a non-uniform torque build-up and seizures.
Das DE-GM 73 42 680 beschreibt einen Synchronring aus Sin¬ terstahl, auf den eine dünne Molybdänschicht im Bereich der Reibfläche aufgetragen ist. Molybdän-Spritzmaterial ist ein teurer Werkstoff. Es muß in der Regel auf dem Syn- chronring durch Schleifen auf die geforderten Oberflächen¬ maße gebracht werden. Die aufgetragene Schicht besitzt eine relativ große Oberflächenrauhigkeit, so daß die tat¬ sächlich wirksame Reibfläche vergleichsweise klein ist. Insbesondere hierdurch kann es zu starken Erhitzungen in der Reibfläche kommen, was ein Fressen von Synchronring und Synchronkörper sowie eine Ablösung der Molybdänschicht nach sich ziehen kann.DE-GM 73 42 680 describes a synchronizer ring made of sintered steel, on which a thin molybdenum layer is applied in the area of the friction surface. Molybdenum spray material is an expensive material. As a rule, it must be brought to the required surface dimensions on the synchronizing ring by grinding. The applied layer has a relatively large surface roughness, so that the effective friction surface is comparatively small. In particular, this can lead to strong heating in the friction surface, which can result in the synchronizer ring and synchronizer body seizing and the molybdenum layer becoming detached.
Der Erfindun liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Sinterreib¬ werkstoff zu schaffen, der bei ausreichendem Reibwertniveau hohen Belastungen standhält, insbesondere hinsichtlich Flächenpressung und Reibgeschwindigkeit. Dieser Sinterwerk¬ stoff soll kostengünstig beim Herstellen von reibschlüssi¬ gen Elementen, insbesondere von Synchronisierungskörpern, wie Synchronringen, verwendet werden können. Außerdem soll die Recycelbarkeit des Sinterreibwerkstoffes und der unter seiner Verwendung hergestellten reibschlüssigen Elemente verbessert werden.The object of the invention is to create a sintered friction material which can withstand high loads with a sufficient coefficient of friction, in particular with regard to surface pressure and friction speed. This sintered material is said to be able to be used inexpensively in the manufacture of frictionally locking elements, in particular of synchronizing bodies, such as synchronizing rings. In addition, the recyclability of the sintered friction material and the frictional elements produced using it should be improved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der pulverförmige Werkstoff einen Anteil an Graphit von 15 bis 30 Volumenprozent und einen Legierungsanteil von 0,3 bis 6 Masseprozent Phosphor, Bor und/oder Schwefel aufweist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the powdery material contains a proportion of graphite from 15 to 30 percent by volume and an alloy content of 0.3 to 6 percent by mass of phosphorus, boron and / or sulfur.
Durch den Anteil des Graphits von mindestens 15 Volumenpro¬ zent wird das Reib- und Verschleißverhalten des Werkstoffes optimiert. Die Legierungsanteile, insbesondere wenn diese nicht nur im Eisen gelöst, sondern auch als Phosphide, Boride oder Sulfide des Eisens vorliegen, setzen die Neigung der Eisen-Matrix zum Verschweißen oder Fressen stark herab. Durch den Verzicht auf Blei wird die Gesundheitsgefährdung bei der Herstellung des bekannten Werkstoffes beseitigt.The friction and wear behavior of the material is optimized by the proportion of graphite of at least 15 percent by volume. The alloy proportions, especially if they are not only dissolved in iron, but also as phosphides, borides or sulfides of iron, greatly reduce the tendency of the iron matrix to weld or eat. By not using lead, the health hazard in the manufacture of the known material is eliminated.
Vorzugsweise wird gemäß der Erfindung ein relativ grobkörni- ges Graphitpulver oder eine Graphitpulvermischung mit einer hohen Teilchengrößenverteilungsbreite eingesetzt. In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung handelt es sich bei dem Graphit um Naturgraphit, mit dem das gewünschte Korngrößenspektrum erreicht wird. Dies erfolgt vor allem dann, wenn in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die mittlere Körnung des Natur- graphitε 20 bis 120 um beträgt.According to the invention, a relatively coarse-grained graphite powder or a graphite powder mixture with a large particle size distribution range is preferably used. In a further embodiment of the invention, the graphite is natural graphite, with which the desired grain size spectrum is achieved. This takes place above all if, in a further embodiment of the invention, the average grain size of natural graphite is 20 to 120 μm.
Der Sinterreibwerkstoff gemäß der Erfindung kann so ausge¬ staltet werden, daß er einen Anteil von 5 bis 15 Volumenpro- zent nichtmetallischer Stoffe enthält, die aus Metalloxiden, Metallkarbiden und/oder Erdalkalisulfaten konstituiert werden. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn diese Stoffe nicht als Chemikalie, sondern vorzugsweise als natür¬ licher Stoff in Form von Mineralmehl eingesetzt werden.The sintered friction material according to the invention can be designed in such a way that it contains a proportion of 5 to 15 volume percent of non-metallic substances which are constituted from metal oxides, metal carbides and / or alkaline earth metal sulfates. It has proven to be advantageous if these substances are used not as a chemical, but preferably as a natural substance in the form of mineral flour.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus einem vorstehend beschriebenen Sinter¬ reibwerkstoff. Dabei werden die pulverförmigen Ausgangskom¬ ponenten innig gemischt, mit einem Druck von 300 bis 800 MPa verpreßt und bei einer Temperatur von 950 bis 1.150 °C in Schutzgasatmosphäre gesintert. Bei der Schutzgasatmos- phäre kann es sich um inerte oder reduzierte Atmosphäre handeln.The invention also relates to a method for producing a friction lining from a sintered friction material described above. The powdery starting components are mixed intimately, pressed at a pressure of 300 to 800 MPa and sintered at a temperature of 950 to 1150 ° C. in a protective gas atmosphere. In the protective gas atmosphere The atmosphere can be inert or reduced.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein reibschlüssiges Ele- ment, insbesondere einen Synchronring, mit einem Reibbelag aus dem vorstehend beschriebenen Sinterreibwerkstoff. Dabei besteht der Träger für den Reibbelag aus Sinterstahl. Auf diese Weise kann das Fügeproblem gemäß der Erfindung entwe¬ der durch gemeinsames Pressen und Sintern von Reibbelag- und Trägerwerkstoff oder durch Aufsintern des Reibbelagwerk¬ stoffes auf einen Stahlträger gelöst werden. Der Reibbelag stellt im ersten Fall einen Bestandteil des Gradientengefü- ges eines Sinterstahlsynchronringes dar. Es muß hervorgeho¬ ben werden, daß diese Art des Fügens besonders kostengünstig ist.Furthermore, the invention relates to a frictional element, in particular a synchronizer ring, with a friction lining made of the sintered friction material described above. The carrier for the friction lining consists of sintered steel. In this way, the joining problem according to the invention can be solved either by pressing and sintering the friction lining and carrier material together or by sintering the friction lining material onto a steel beam. In the first case, the friction lining is a component of the gradient structure of a sintered steel synchronizer ring. It must be emphasized that this type of joining is particularly cost-effective.
Tests haben ergeben, daß der Reibwerkstoff das für den Einsatz in Synchronisierungen erforderliche Reibwertniveau aufweist. Der Axialverεchleiß beträgt bei normaler Belastung nach 100.000 Schaltungen weniger als 0,5 mm.Tests have shown that the friction material has the level of friction required for use in synchronizers. The axial wear is less than 0.5 mm under normal load after 100,000 switching operations.
Am Beispiel eines Synchronringes mit einem Reibbelag gemäß der Erfindung kann die Recycelbarkeit veranschaulicht wer¬ den, da der Synchronring die gleiche Werkstoffbasis wie die Konstruktionswerkstoffe des Getriebes aufweist. Recyclability can be illustrated using the example of a synchronizer ring with a friction lining according to the invention, since the synchronizer ring has the same material base as the construction materials of the transmission.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Sinterreibwerkstoff in Pulverform mit Eisen-Matrix und einem Anteil an Graphit zum Herstellen reibschlüssiger Elemente, insbesondere von Synchronisierungskörpern, gekennzeichnet durch einen Anteil an Graphit von 15 bis 30 Volumenprozent und einen Legierungsanteil von 0,3 bis 6 Masseprozent Phosphor, Bor und/oder Schwefel.1. Sintered friction material in powder form with an iron matrix and a proportion of graphite for the production of frictional elements, in particular synchronizing bodies, characterized by a proportion of graphite of 15 to 30 percent by volume and an alloy portion of 0.3 to 6 percent by mass of phosphorus, boron and / or Sulfur.
2. Sinterwerkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Graphit aus Naturgraphit oder einer Mischung von Naturgraphiten besteht.2. Sintered material according to claim 1, characterized in that the graphite consists of natural graphite or a mixture of natural graphites.
3. Sinterreibwerkstoff nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die mittlere Körnung des Naturgraphits 20 bis 120 μm beträgt.3. sintered friction material according to claim 2, characterized in that the average grain size of natural graphite is 20 to 120 microns.
4. Sinterreibwerkstoff nach einem der vorstehenden An¬ sprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Anteil von 5 bis 15 Volumenprozent nichtmetallischer Stoffe enthält, die aus Metalloxiden, Metallkarbiden und/oder Erdalkalisul¬ faten konstituiert sind.4. Sintered friction material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a proportion of 5 to 15 percent by volume of non-metallic substances which are constituted from metal oxides, metal carbides and / or alkaline earth sulphates.
5. Sinterreibwerkstoff nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeich- net, daß die Metalloxide, Metallkarbide und/oder Erdalkali¬ sulfate als natürliche Stoffe in Form von Mineralmehlen vorliegen.5. Sintered friction material according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal oxides, metal carbides and / or Erdalkali¬ sulfates are present as natural substances in the form of mineral flours.
6. Sinterreibwerkstoff nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er ein Porenvolumen von bis zu 40 % aufweist.6. Sintered friction material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a pore volume of up to 40%.
7. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Reibbelags aus einem Sinterreibwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß der pulverförmige Sinterreib¬ werkstoff mit einem Druck von 300 bis 800 MPa verpreßt und bei einer Temperatur von 950 bis 1.150 °C in Schutz- gasatmosphäre gesintert wird.7. A method for producing a friction lining from a sintered friction material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the powdery sintered friction material is pressed at a pressure of 300 to 800 MPa and sintered at a temperature of 950 to 1,150 ° C in a protective gas atmosphere.
8. Reibschlüssiges Element, insbesondere Synchronring, mit einem Reibbelag aus einem Sinterreibwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger für den Reibbelag aus Sinterstahl besteht, und der Reibbelag einen Bestandteil eines Gradientengefügeε darstellt.8. Frictional element, in particular synchronizer ring, with a friction lining made of a sintered friction material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carrier for the friction lining consists of sintered steel, and the friction lining is part of a gradient structure.
9. Reibschlüssiges Element, insbesondere Synchronring mit einem Reibbelag aus einem Sinterreibwerkstoff nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Reibbelag auf einen Träger aus Stahl gesintert ist. 9. Frictional element, in particular synchronizer ring with a friction lining made of a sintered friction material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the friction lining is sintered on a steel carrier.
EP93903892A 1992-02-06 1993-01-30 Sintered material for frictionally locking elements, as well as a method for manufacture thereof Withdrawn EP0590107A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4203321 1992-02-06
DE19924203321 DE4203321A1 (en) 1992-02-06 1992-02-06 SINTER FRUIT MATERIAL FOR FRICTIONAL ELEMENTS, ESPECIALLY SYNCHRONIZING BODIES, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SINTER FRICTION COVER AND FRICTIONAL ELEMENT
PCT/EP1993/000216 WO1993016207A1 (en) 1992-02-06 1993-01-30 Sintered material for frictionally locking elements, as well as a method for manufacture thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0590107A1 true EP0590107A1 (en) 1994-04-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93903892A Withdrawn EP0590107A1 (en) 1992-02-06 1993-01-30 Sintered material for frictionally locking elements, as well as a method for manufacture thereof

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0590107A1 (en)
DE (1) DE4203321A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993016207A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4400431A1 (en) * 1994-01-10 1995-07-13 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Sintered friction material for frictional element
CN105798311B (en) * 2016-03-21 2018-07-10 北京科技大学 A kind of preparation method of high heat conduction ferrous based powder metallurgical brake block for high-speed train

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH352352A (en) * 1955-12-31 1961-02-28 Cosid Werke Veb Process for the production of an iron-graphite composite
DE1126623B (en) * 1959-01-09 1962-03-29 Jurid Werke Gmbh Process for the preparation of graphite-containing powder mixtures for the production of sintered friction materials
CA1162005A (en) * 1980-12-19 1984-02-14 Herbert W. Lloyd Sintered powder metal friction material

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9316207A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4203321A1 (en) 1993-08-12
WO1993016207A1 (en) 1993-08-19

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