EP0588775A2 - Process for utilizing dairy wastes - Google Patents
Process for utilizing dairy wastes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0588775A2 EP0588775A2 EP93850175A EP93850175A EP0588775A2 EP 0588775 A2 EP0588775 A2 EP 0588775A2 EP 93850175 A EP93850175 A EP 93850175A EP 93850175 A EP93850175 A EP 93850175A EP 0588775 A2 EP0588775 A2 EP 0588775A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- milk
- whey
- fat
- evaporated
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title description 9
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Chemical class OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical class [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003505 heat denaturation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019156 vitamin B Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011720 vitamin B Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000006395 Globulins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010044091 Globulins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012888 dietary physiology Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021095 non-nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002884 skin cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021262 sour milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/007—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from derived products of animal origin or their wastes, e.g. leather, dairy products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a process in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 for utilizing dairy wastes.
- At least a part of the fat and the proteins contained in waste milk products are separated from said products in a manner known per se and these are then further processed in order to produce useful products.
- the invention also relates to a fertilizer mixture according to the preamble of claim 7 which is intended for use in particular as a liquid fertilizer of garden and indoor plants.
- milk and products processed thereof belong to civilization's oldest feedstuffs. Generally, milk is obtained from cows and to some extent from goats. Chemically and as far as its nutritional physiology is concerned, milk is a full nutrient which contains almost all components needed by a growing animal. Thus, it is comprised of proteins, emulsified fats and milk sugar. In addition to these components milk contains calcium, phosphates and many trace elements as well as vitamins A, D, B and C.
- Milk processing and milk treatment processes are operated under hygienic and sterile conditions.
- dairies and cheese dairies in the following also called "milk processing plants” all vessels used for milk transportation as well as the tanks of tank cars are cleaned each time they have been emptied. Therefore, a milk processing plant uses large amounts of water each day, the amount of water being more than twice the amount of milk intake.
- the containers and vessels as well as the production equipment are generally sterilized by acid and alkaline sterilization.
- the chemicals used for sterilization i.e. nitric acid and sodium hydroxide, have so far primarily been discarded. Typically, the concentrations of all these liquid streams dumped have been rather low.
- the loss of milk during dairy operations is about 0.6 % of the purchased milk.
- various batches of milk which cannot be forwarded to further processing or to the consumers and which therefore are discarded.
- the present invention aims at eliminating the problems related to the prior art while providing a process of a completely novel kind for utilizing the wastes of milk processing plants.
- the invention is based on the concept that, first, the fats and proteins are separated either together or separately from the waste milk or from a milk product which otherwise is useless.
- the whey of milk which contains the milk sugar and the soluble nutrients, trace elements and water-soluble vitamins B and C of the milk.
- This whey is, for instance in the preparation of curd cheese, typically discarded or it is dried to form a milk sugar product.
- the whey is very well suited to the use as a fertilizer, in particular if suitable nutrients are added thereto.
- nitric acid and potassium hydroxide are combined with the whey.
- the last-mentioned substances are preferably obtained from the sterilization waters of the equipment of the milk treatment plant.
- the NaOH-based alkali normally used for sterilization is therefore replaced by KOH, which in effect means that a non-nutrient has been substituted by a nutrient which is useful as far as further processing is concerned.
- KOH nitric acid and the potassium hydroxide due care is taken that the pH of the whey does not drop so low as to cause precipitation of the remaining proteins.
- additional nutrients and salts can, for instance, be added thereto.
- the novel fertilizer mixture according to the invention therefore contains milk proteins, milk sugars and milk trace elements in addition to the known and commonly used nutrients. Furthermore, the potassium content of the fertilizer mixture is higher than that of milk, because it contains at least some of an alkaline sterilization solution based on potassium hydroxide.
- the fertilizer mixture is, again, characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 7.
- the term "waste milk product” designates milk batches which for some reason cannot be further processed or sold to the consumers and which, so far, have been discarded.
- the milk waste product can, for instance, comprise the rinsing waters of milk containers.
- Milk contains several different proteins, such as casein, albumin and globulin.
- protein is used in this application for all the different proteins, i.e. protein fractions, contained in milk.
- fat fraction of milk is called “fat”.
- Said fraction comprises mainly triglycerides of butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Small amounts of, for instance, lecithin are also present.
- whey designates waste milk products, from which most part of the fat and protein have been removed.
- the dry matter content of the whey is normally about 1 to 10 wt-% and its fat and protein concentrations are about 0.01 to 1 wt-% and 0.01 to 5 wt-%, respectively.
- Machine processing plant denotes dairies and cheese dairies and similar plants which process milk in order to form feedstuffs for humans and animals.
- the fat and most of the protein of the waste milk product are removed. That separation can be carried out by using methods known per se, such as pH chock precipitation, heat denaturation-based precipitation and other methods based on, e.g. the use of electric fields (electrolytic electro-precipitation).
- the electro-precipitation is preferably carried out between two or more electrodes at a pH-value in the range from 5.5 to 4.4.
- the emulsions can be broken up.
- the protein can be coagulated by adding mineral acid rapidly to decrease the pH to below 2.5.
- heat denaturation the waste milk is heated to above 50 °C.
- the fat and protein fraction are then removed in, e.g., a clarifier.
- the separation can be enhanced by flotation, for instance by conducting air or another gas into the waste milk.
- the fat-protein fraction whose dry substance typically is about 14 to 20 wt-% is recovered and can be used as such as a fodder. Alternatively, it can be used for the manufacture of protein-containing fat products, such as various face and skin creams.
- the fat and the proteins can also be separated from each other before any further treatment. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this separation is carried out by separately melting off fat from a mixture of protein and water and by centrifugating the melt product. It is, however, also possible to separate the fat by, e.g., supercritical extraction by carbon dioxide.
- the whey which consists of water containing milk carbohydrates (sugars) and some organic acids, vitamins and protein and possibly small amounts of fat, is combined in the second step of the process with sterilization and rinsing waters of the milk processing plant.
- Said solutions contain nitric acid and potassium hydroxide.
- the acid sterilization solution containing nitric acid and the alkaline sterilization solution containing potassium hydroxide are separately added to the whey, but it is also possible to mix the solutions together before adding them.
- nitric acid and potassium hydroxide can also be fed to the whey in the form of fresh chemicals; the potassium and the nitrate can, of course, also be added in the form of a potassium nitrate solution.
- the pH of the solution formed is so high that the remaining proteins of the whey do not coagulate. To some extent the lower pH limit depends on the waste water product, but it is typically about 2.5.
- the nitric acid content is typically about 0.2 % and that of potassium hydroxide about 0.4 % by weight of a product evaporated to 1/5 of its original volume.
- nitric acid and potassium hydroxide are added to the whey obtained after fat and protein separation only after the removal of most of the milk sugars (lactose).
- lactose milk sugars
- This additional step is taken when the milk sugar is intended to be used as a raw material of some processed products, such as dietary foodstuffs.
- the milk sugar contained in the whey does not, per se, hinder the use of the end product as a fertilizer.
- the milk sugar is for instance removed by fermentation or crystallization.
- the solution can further be separately complemented with additional nitrogen-, phosphorand potassium-containing nutrients which are suitable as far as the use of the solution as a fertilizer is concerned. It is also possible to add trace elements.
- nitrogenous compounds the following should be mentioned: ammonium salts and nitrates (e.g. ammonium nitrate).
- phosphates can be mentioned (e.g. ammonium phosphate) and of the trace elements, the borates (e.g. sodium tetraborate) should be mentioned.
- borates e.g. sodium tetraborate
- other substances commonly used in fertilizers can be used.
- the whey is evaporated.
- the purpose of this process step is to remove so much water that the milk-sugar-salt mixture of the whey becomes so concentrated that the salts added to the concentrated solution can prevent the whey from being subjected to yeast or bacterium fermentation at 38 °C.
- the solution should not, however, become so concentrated with respect to the salts that these would crystallize and separate from the liquid phase.
- the upper limit for the nutrient concentration is represented by their solubility at 0 °C.
- the evaporation of the whey can be carried out before the addition of the nitric acid/potassium hydroxide solutions or subsequent to it.
- the whey is, however, evaporated before the introduction of additional nutrients, because the salts of these nutrient will make the evaporation more difficult.
- the combined stream of waste milk, rinsing water and sterilization solutions is evaporated to at least less than 1/2 of its original volume, preferably to less than 1/3 of its original volume and in particular to less than 1/5 of its original volume. From a technical and economical point of view, it is not sensible to evaporate the combined stream to less than 1/20 of its original volume.
- the whey product produced by the process can be used for fertilizing plants, preferably in the form of a liquid fertilizer which can be applied during watering of the plants.
- the fertilizer mixture according to the invention is well suited to this purpose, because the nitrogenous nutrients contained therein at least partially consist of proteins and amino acids from which the nitrogen is slowly released. It has also been found that the biological soluble organic compounds contained in the whey, such as the sugars, organic acids etc. at small concentrations promote the growth of plants.
- the condensated vapour can be circulated and used as cleansing and rinsing water of the milk treatment unit. Before being used for this purpose, said condensate is cleansed to remove volatile aroma substances by activated carbon filtration and it is sterilized by manners known per se, for instance by UV-radiation.
- the water regenerated by, for instance, compressor evaporation is more inexpensive than the sum of the fresh water and the waste water treatment fee.
- Waste processed sour milk is treated with nitric acid addition based on pH shock so that by aeration the main part of the proteins - and the fat along with the proteins - was separated and emerged to the surface. 0.015 % of the fat and 0.60 % of the protein remained in the whey. The total dry matter content of said whey was 5.88 %.
- the mixture was evaporated to 1/3 of its original volume and 15.75 kg nitric acid, 6.0 kg potassium hydroxide and 5.1 kg monoammonium phosphate and 5.7 g sodium tetraborate were added for each 45 litre of the evaporated mixture.
- the fertilizer solution obtained was diluted to 0.02 % with the aid of an automatic diluter and it was pumped for use as a watering fertilizer for straw berries.
- the fertilizing results do not differ from those obtained with the best commercial watering fertilizer results.
- the taste of the strawberries was excellent and their texture was good.
- the combined waste water of a dairy whose dry matter content was 0.35 %, was electrolytically treated in an electric field between two electrodes manufactured of platinum at a pH value of 4.8 and at 25 °C.
- the voltage was 9 V and the current was 25 to 40 A.
- the waste water was pumped through the apparatus at a rate of 1500 l/h.
- an apparatus supplied by Ekofloc Oy was used for the electrolysis.
- an acid sterilization solution containing nitric acid and an alkaline sterilization solution containing potassium hydroxide obtained from the various stages of the rinsing were added to the product.
- the separated fat and the protein was allowed to submerge and they were then separated by scraping.
- the obtained fat- and protein-free water was evaporated to 1/10 of its volume, its dry matter content being increased to 3.07 %. 0.40 kg/l of potassium nitrate and 0.11 kg/l of diammonium phosphate were added to the solution. It was mixed and then filtrated and used in a plant room as a fertilizer for cucumber and strawberries in the form of a 0.02 % solution.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention concerns a process in accordance with the preamble of claim 1 for utilizing dairy wastes.
- According to a process of the present kind, at least a part of the fat and the proteins contained in waste milk products are separated from said products in a manner known per se and these are then further processed in order to produce useful products.
- The invention also relates to a fertilizer mixture according to the preamble of claim 7 which is intended for use in particular as a liquid fertilizer of garden and indoor plants.
- Milk and products processed thereof belong to mankind's oldest feedstuffs. Generally, milk is obtained from cows and to some extent from goats. Chemically and as far as its nutritional physiology is concerned, milk is a full nutrient which contains almost all components needed by a growing animal. Thus, it is comprised of proteins, emulsified fats and milk sugar. In addition to these components milk contains calcium, phosphates and many trace elements as well as vitamins A, D, B and C.
- Milk processing and milk treatment processes are operated under hygienic and sterile conditions. In dairies and cheese dairies (in the following also called "milk processing plants") all vessels used for milk transportation as well as the tanks of tank cars are cleaned each time they have been emptied. Therefore, a milk processing plant uses large amounts of water each day, the amount of water being more than twice the amount of milk intake. In addition to being cleaned, the containers and vessels as well as the production equipment are generally sterilized by acid and alkaline sterilization. The chemicals used for sterilization, i.e. nitric acid and sodium hydroxide, have so far primarily been discarded. Typically, the concentrations of all these liquid streams dumped have been rather low.
- The loss of milk during dairy operations is about 0.6 % of the purchased milk. In addition there are various batches of milk which cannot be forwarded to further processing or to the consumers and which therefore are discarded.
- As described above, at a milk processing plant there are certain problems with the fresh water and in particularly with the waste water at the same time as valuable chemicals are discarded and, as a result, cause pollution of the waters and the waste water purification plants.
- The present invention aims at eliminating the problems related to the prior art while providing a process of a completely novel kind for utilizing the wastes of milk processing plants.
- The invention is based on the concept that, first, the fats and proteins are separated either together or separately from the waste milk or from a milk product which otherwise is useless.
- After the separation of the fats and the proteins, there will remain a fraction known as the whey of milk, which contains the milk sugar and the soluble nutrients, trace elements and water-soluble vitamins B and C of the milk. This whey is, for instance in the preparation of curd cheese, typically discarded or it is dried to form a milk sugar product. However, in connection with the present invention it has been found that the whey is very well suited to the use as a fertilizer, in particular if suitable nutrients are added thereto. Thus, according to the present invention, in the next stage of the process, nitric acid and potassium hydroxide are combined with the whey. The last-mentioned substances are preferably obtained from the sterilization waters of the equipment of the milk treatment plant. According to the invention, the NaOH-based alkali normally used for sterilization is therefore replaced by KOH, which in effect means that a non-nutrient has been substituted by a nutrient which is useful as far as further processing is concerned. During the addition of the nitric acid and the potassium hydroxide due care is taken that the pH of the whey does not drop so low as to cause precipitation of the remaining proteins. After this stage, depending on the intended use of the whey, additional nutrients and salts can, for instance, be added thereto.
- The novel fertilizer mixture according to the invention therefore contains milk proteins, milk sugars and milk trace elements in addition to the known and commonly used nutrients. Furthermore, the potassium content of the fertilizer mixture is higher than that of milk, because it contains at least some of an alkaline sterilization solution based on potassium hydroxide.
- More specifically, the process according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- The fertilizer mixture is, again, characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 7.
- Within the scope of the present invention, the term "waste milk product" designates milk batches which for some reason cannot be further processed or sold to the consumers and which, so far, have been discarded. The milk waste product can, for instance, comprise the rinsing waters of milk containers.
- Milk contains several different proteins, such as casein, albumin and globulin. For the sake of simplicity the term "protein" is used in this application for all the different proteins, i.e. protein fractions, contained in milk. Similarly, the fat fraction of milk is called "fat". Said fraction comprises mainly triglycerides of butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Small amounts of, for instance, lecithin are also present.
- As mentioned above, for the purpose of this application, the term "whey" designates waste milk products, from which most part of the fat and protein have been removed. The dry matter content of the whey is normally about 1 to 10 wt-% and its fat and protein concentrations are about 0.01 to 1 wt-% and 0.01 to 5 wt-%, respectively.
- "Milk processing plant" denotes dairies and cheese dairies and similar plants which process milk in order to form feedstuffs for humans and animals.
- In the first stage of the process according to the invention, the fat and most of the protein of the waste milk product are removed. That separation can be carried out by using methods known per se, such as pH chock precipitation, heat denaturation-based precipitation and other methods based on, e.g. the use of electric fields (electrolytic electro-precipitation). The electro-precipitation is preferably carried out between two or more electrodes at a pH-value in the range from 5.5 to 4.4. By means of the above methods, the emulsions can be broken up. The protein can be coagulated by adding mineral acid rapidly to decrease the pH to below 2.5. For the purpose of heat denaturation, the waste milk is heated to above 50 °C.
- The fat and protein fraction are then removed in, e.g., a clarifier. The separation can be enhanced by flotation, for instance by conducting air or another gas into the waste milk.
- The fat-protein fraction whose dry substance typically is about 14 to 20 wt-% is recovered and can be used as such as a fodder. Alternatively, it can be used for the manufacture of protein-containing fat products, such as various face and skin creams. The fat and the proteins can also be separated from each other before any further treatment. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, this separation is carried out by separately melting off fat from a mixture of protein and water and by centrifugating the melt product. It is, however, also possible to separate the fat by, e.g., supercritical extraction by carbon dioxide.
- After the first process step the whey, which consists of water containing milk carbohydrates (sugars) and some organic acids, vitamins and protein and possibly small amounts of fat, is combined in the second step of the process with sterilization and rinsing waters of the milk processing plant. Said solutions contain nitric acid and potassium hydroxide. In most cases, the acid sterilization solution containing nitric acid and the alkaline sterilization solution containing potassium hydroxide are separately added to the whey, but it is also possible to mix the solutions together before adding them. If desired, nitric acid and potassium hydroxide can also be fed to the whey in the form of fresh chemicals; the potassium and the nitrate can, of course, also be added in the form of a potassium nitrate solution. When the nitric acid/potassium hydroxide is added due care is taken that the pH of the solution formed is so high that the remaining proteins of the whey do not coagulate. To some extent the lower pH limit depends on the waste water product, but it is typically about 2.5. After the addition of the sterilization solutions and after the evaporation described in further detail below, the nitric acid content is typically about 0.2 % and that of potassium hydroxide about 0.4 % by weight of a product evaporated to 1/5 of its original volume.
- According to one embodiment of the invention, nitric acid and potassium hydroxide are added to the whey obtained after fat and protein separation only after the removal of most of the milk sugars (lactose). This additional step is taken when the milk sugar is intended to be used as a raw material of some processed products, such as dietary foodstuffs. The milk sugar contained in the whey does not, per se, hinder the use of the end product as a fertilizer. The milk sugar is for instance removed by fermentation or crystallization.
- After the second process step, the solution can further be separately complemented with additional nitrogen-, phosphorand potassium-containing nutrients which are suitable as far as the use of the solution as a fertilizer is concerned. It is also possible to add trace elements. Of the nitrogenous compounds, the following should be mentioned: ammonium salts and nitrates (e.g. ammonium nitrate). Of the phosphorous compounds, the phosphates can be mentioned (e.g. ammonium phosphate) and of the trace elements, the borates (e.g. sodium tetraborate) should be mentioned. However, also other substances commonly used in fertilizers can be used.
- At a suitable stage of the process, the whey is evaporated. The purpose of this process step is to remove so much water that the milk-sugar-salt mixture of the whey becomes so concentrated that the salts added to the concentrated solution can prevent the whey from being subjected to yeast or bacterium fermentation at 38 °C. The solution should not, however, become so concentrated with respect to the salts that these would crystallize and separate from the liquid phase. The upper limit for the nutrient concentration is represented by their solubility at 0 °C. The evaporation of the whey can be carried out before the addition of the nitric acid/potassium hydroxide solutions or subsequent to it. Preferably, the whey is, however, evaporated before the introduction of additional nutrients, because the salts of these nutrient will make the evaporation more difficult. The combined stream of waste milk, rinsing water and sterilization solutions is evaporated to at least less than 1/2 of its original volume, preferably to less than 1/3 of its original volume and in particular to less than 1/5 of its original volume. From a technical and economical point of view, it is not sensible to evaporate the combined stream to less than 1/20 of its original volume.
- The whey product produced by the process can be used for fertilizing plants, preferably in the form of a liquid fertilizer which can be applied during watering of the plants. The fertilizer mixture according to the invention is well suited to this purpose, because the nitrogenous nutrients contained therein at least partially consist of proteins and amino acids from which the nitrogen is slowly released. It has also been found that the biological soluble organic compounds contained in the whey, such as the sugars, organic acids etc. at small concentrations promote the growth of plants.
- The condensated vapour can be circulated and used as cleansing and rinsing water of the milk treatment unit. Before being used for this purpose, said condensate is cleansed to remove volatile aroma substances by activated carbon filtration and it is sterilized by manners known per se, for instance by UV-radiation.
- There are considerable advantages associated with the invention. Thus, by replacing the NaOH solution normally used in the sterilization of the milk processing plants by a KOH solution, all the wastes generated - except for the external car cleansing waters and sanitary waters - can be utilized and the valuable components thereof can be recovered. The recovered components of the milk can be sold ecologically and economically to the right place. At the same time further waste water loads are avoided and by circulating the condensate of the whey, the need for purchasing fresh water is diminished. As far as the dairy process technology is concerned, the process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to achieve a waste-less milk processing plant .
- Furthermore it has surprisingly been found that the water regenerated by, for instance, compressor evaporation, is more inexpensive than the sum of the fresh water and the waste water treatment fee.
- In the following, the invention will be examined in more detail with the aid of working examples:
- Waste processed sour milk is treated with nitric acid addition based on pH shock so that by aeration the main part of the proteins - and the fat along with the proteins - was separated and emerged to the surface. 0.015 % of the fat and 0.60 % of the protein remained in the whey. The total dry matter content of said whey was 5.88 %. The mixture was evaporated to 1/3 of its original volume and 15.75 kg nitric acid, 6.0 kg potassium hydroxide and 5.1 kg monoammonium phosphate and 5.7 g sodium tetraborate were added for each 45 litre of the evaporated mixture.
- The fertilizer solution obtained was diluted to 0.02 % with the aid of an automatic diluter and it was pumped for use as a watering fertilizer for straw berries.
- The fertilizing results do not differ from those obtained with the best commercial watering fertilizer results. The taste of the strawberries was excellent and their texture was good.
- The combined waste water of a dairy, whose dry matter content was 0.35 %, was electrolytically treated in an electric field between two electrodes manufactured of platinum at a pH value of 4.8 and at 25 °C. The voltage was 9 V and the current was 25 to 40 A. The waste water was pumped through the apparatus at a rate of 1500 l/h. For the electrolysis an apparatus supplied by Ekofloc Oy was used. After the electrolytic separation, before the evaporation of the purified product, an acid sterilization solution containing nitric acid and an alkaline sterilization solution containing potassium hydroxide obtained from the various stages of the rinsing, were added to the product. The separated fat and the protein was allowed to submerge and they were then separated by scraping.
- The analysis shows that the degree of separation for fats was 93 % and for proteins 85 %.
- The obtained fat- and protein-free water was evaporated to 1/10 of its volume, its dry matter content being increased to 3.07 %. 0.40 kg/l of potassium nitrate and 0.11 kg/l of diammonium phosphate were added to the solution. It was mixed and then filtrated and used in a plant room as a fertilizer for cucumber and strawberries in the form of a 0.02 % solution.
Claims (7)
- A process for utilization of milk-containing wastes of milk processing plants, according to which process- at least a part of the fat and proteins contained in the waste milk product are separated in a manner known per se from said product in order to produce a low-fat and low-protein whey fraction,
characterized in that- after the separation of the fat and the protein, an acid sterilization solution containing nitric acid and an alkaline sterilization solution containing potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof, is added to the whey fraction,- the whey fraction is evaporated at a suitable stage to less than 1/2 of its original volume,- nitrogen-, phosphor- and potassium-containing nutrients are optionally added to the obtained product,- the vapour of the evaporation is condensed and reused in the milk processing plant, and- the evaporated solution is used as a plant fertilizer. - The process according to claim 1, characterized in that during the addition of the acid and the alkaline solutions to the whey fraction, the pH of the solution formed is kept so high that the remaining proteins of the whey do not coagulate.
- The process according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the evaporation is carried out after the addition of the nitric acid and potassium hydroxide solutions, characterized in that the combined flow of waste milk, cleansing water and sterilizing solutions is evaporated to less than 1/3 of its original volume, preferably to less than 1/5 of its original volume.
- The process according to claim 1, characterized in that at the most so much nutrients are added to the whey as will dissolve at 0 °C and at least so much that the whey does not ferment at a temperature of +38 °C.
- The process according to claim 1, characterized in that after the separation of fat and protein, the main part of the milk sugars of the whey are removed by fermentation or crystallization before nitric acid and potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof are added to it.
- The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensed vapour is used as cleansing and rinsing water of the milk processing plant and that before that use it is freed from evaporated aroma substances by activated carbon filtration and sterilized by, for instance, UV-radiation.
- Fertilizer mixture intended for use as a liquid fertilizer and which contains nutrients known to promote the growth of plants, characterized in that it contains at least some milk proteins, milk sugar compounds and some milk trace elements, and its potassium content is higher than that of milk.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI924097 | 1992-09-11 | ||
FI924097A FI94996C (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1992-09-11 | Ways to utilize the waste from a milk treatment plant |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0588775A2 true EP0588775A2 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
EP0588775A3 EP0588775A3 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
EP0588775B1 EP0588775B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
Family
ID=8535856
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP93850175A Expired - Lifetime EP0588775B1 (en) | 1992-09-11 | 1993-09-10 | Process for utilizing dairy wastes |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP0588775B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69307814T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI94996C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997022569A1 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-26 | Dairygold Technologies Limited | Base material, growing medium and fertilizer all containing dairy waste products and processes for the manufacture thereof |
CN1039438C (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1998-08-05 | 首钢总公司 | High-strength super-invar alloy and productive method thereof |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2341043A1 (en) * | 1973-08-14 | 1975-02-27 | Weigert Chem Fab | Albuminous diary waste outflow reduction - by acid and alkaline cleansing agents used as fodder with whey admixt |
EP0311977A2 (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-04-19 | Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliike | A process of recovering lactose from whey |
WO1989003369A1 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-20 | Veszprémi Vegyipari Egyetem | Improved process and equipment for purifying treatment and utilization of waste-waters from the dairy industry |
-
1992
- 1992-09-11 FI FI924097A patent/FI94996C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-09-10 EP EP93850175A patent/EP0588775B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-10 DE DE69307814T patent/DE69307814T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2341043A1 (en) * | 1973-08-14 | 1975-02-27 | Weigert Chem Fab | Albuminous diary waste outflow reduction - by acid and alkaline cleansing agents used as fodder with whey admixt |
WO1989003369A1 (en) * | 1987-10-12 | 1989-04-20 | Veszprémi Vegyipari Egyetem | Improved process and equipment for purifying treatment and utilization of waste-waters from the dairy industry |
EP0311977A2 (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-04-19 | Valio Meijerien Keskusosuusliike | A process of recovering lactose from whey |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1039438C (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1998-08-05 | 首钢总公司 | High-strength super-invar alloy and productive method thereof |
WO1997022569A1 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-26 | Dairygold Technologies Limited | Base material, growing medium and fertilizer all containing dairy waste products and processes for the manufacture thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0588775A3 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
DE69307814D1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
FI94996C (en) | 1995-12-11 |
FI94996B (en) | 1995-08-31 |
FI924097A (en) | 1994-03-12 |
EP0588775B1 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
DE69307814T2 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
FI924097A0 (en) | 1992-09-11 |
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