RU2299570C1 - Method for producing of dry lactoserum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: milk industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves collecting, reserving, heating, separating, pasteurizing and cooling serum. Serum is subjected to electrical activation in cathode and anode space within apparatus. In cathode chamber, lactose is isomerized into lactulose and serum proteins are subjected to alkaline hydrolysis. Simultaneously with these processes, acid hydrolysis of lactose and serum proteins occurs in anode chamber. Method further involves mixing, condensing and drying fractions. Dry lactoserum produced by said method may be used in production of bifidus bacteria preparations utilized as nutritive base and foods having functional properties, such as sour milk beverages with bifidus bacteria.

EFFECT: improved quality and wider range of products obtained using dry lactoserum.

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Description

The invention relates to the dairy industry and can be used to obtain dry whey with bifidogenic properties. The product is a nutrient basis for the cultivation of bifidobacteria and can be used in the microbiological and food industries.

Bifidobacteria form the basis of the normal intestinal microflora of a healthy person and protect him from adverse environmental influences. To maintain and restore a normal level of bifidoflora, bacterial preparations or fermented milk products containing live bifidobacteria cells are used. However, their cultivation raises a number of problems. This is due to the fact that bifidobacteria need a large number of growth factors (bifidogenic factors). Therefore, nutrient media for the cultivation of bifidobacteria are expensive, they grow poorly in milk and hardly take root in the human intestines.

To solve these problems, specially processed milk whey can be used, which contains valuable components (lactose, proteins, minerals). However, there are few monosaccharides and nitrogenous substances necessary for bifidobacteria (external bifidogenic factors for growing bifidobacteria in nutrient media or in milk). In addition, there are no substances in the serum that would contribute to the survival of bifidobacteria in the intestine (internal bifidogenic factors, prebiotics). The bifidogenic properties of serum can be improved by hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins, as well as isomerization of lactose into lactulose, which is the most famous and well-studied prebiotic. Known methods for carrying out these processes are based on the use of expensive enzyme preparations or chemical catalysts that must be removed, which makes the process more expensive and complicated. A promising way to treat whey and increase its bifidogenicity is electroactivation, which refers to non-reagent methods of exposure to raw materials.

The electroactivation of aqueous solutions is the process of their unipolar electric treatment in a special diaphragm electrolyzer, which significantly changes their reactivity. The change in the properties of solutions is due to two main factors, a change in their composition as a result of electrochemical reactions at the electrodes and the transition of solutions to a metastable state with excess potential energy.

A known method of producing a syrup containing lactose derivatives (RU 2169776, C13K 5/00, A23C 21/00, publ. 06/27/2001, bull. No. 18), providing for the preparation of an aqueous solution of lactose 10-40% concentration, heating it to 70 ° C and the introduction of an electroactivator into the cathode and anode chambers, isomerization of lactose into lactulose at pH 11.5-12.5 in the cathode chamber and hydrolysis of lactose to monosugars in the anode, thickening the hydrolyzate obtained in a mixture with an isomerized solution or separately from it followed by crystallization of lactose and the separation of lactose crystals t syrup.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of raw milk sugar, which has a high cost and does not contain proteins, therefore, in the resulting product there are no sources of nitrogenous nutrition for bifidobacteria.

The closest technical solution to the claimed is a method for the production of whey (RU 2218798, A23C 21/00, publ. 12/20/2003, bull. No. 35), which provides for the collection and reservation of whey, its heating, separation, pasteurization and cooling, isomerization , thickening and drying the condensed whey. Isomerization is carried out without introducing chemicals, by the method of electrochemical activation of serum to a pH of (11 ± 0.5) units. followed by thermostating at (70 ± 0.5) ° С for 15-25 minutes. Next, neutralization with acidic serum is carried out to a pH value (7 ± 0.5) units. The method provides the enrichment of whey bifidogenic factor - lactulose and alkaline hydrolysis products of whey proteins.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the use of only the cathode fraction of electroactivated serum, and hence the incomplete use of opportunities to increase the nutritional value and bifidogenic activity of serum.

The technical result of the invention is to obtain a product with high nutritional value, with bifidogenic activity, based on the integrated use of products of electrochemical processing of serum.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that whey is processed simultaneously in the cathode and anode chamber of the electroactivation installation. At the same time, in the cathode chamber, lactose isomerizes into lactulose, as well as alkaline hydrolysis of whey proteins. Simultaneously with these processes, acid hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins takes place in the anode chamber.

A method of producing whey powder is as follows. Collect and reserve whey, its heating, separation, pasteurization and cooling. Then it is subjected to electroactivation in the cathode and anode space of the installation.

As a result of electroactivation, the pH of the serum placed in the cathode space of the installation changes and reaches a pH value of (11 ± 0.5) units; in the anode space, the acidity of the serum decreases to a pH value (2.5 ± 0.5) units. The process is carried out at a serum temperature of (70 ± 5) ° C for (20 ± 5) minutes. By lowering the temperature and thermostatting time, the maximum degree of isomerization and hydrolysis is not achieved, when these parameters are increased, too much energy is expended with an insignificant change in the degree of isomerization and hydrolysis, in addition, adverse reactions are possible.

At the same time, in the catholyte, isomerization of 20-25% of lactose into lactulose, as well as alkaline hydrolysis of whey proteins of the order of 30-40% occur, while in the anolyte hydrolysis of 10-20% of lactose to glucose and galactose - monosaccharides, which have great sweetness, occurs than lactose and are better absorbed by microorganisms, and acid hydrolysis of whey proteins is about 30-40%.

After cooling the treated serum, the cathode fraction is mixed with the anode fraction of electroactivated serum, while the pH of the mixture is set at 7.0-8.0, favorable for the development of bifidobacteria.

Thanks to this complex treatment of serum, a product is obtained that is a nutritional basis for the cultivation of bifidobacteria, because contains:

- glucose and galactose, which are easily absorbed by bifidobacteria as sources of carbon and energy (external bifidogenic factors);

- a variety of products of alkaline and acid hydrolysis of whey proteins, which are used by bifidobacteria as sources of nitrogen (external bifidogenic factors);

- lactulose, which stimulates the development and survival of bifidobacteria in the human intestine (internal bifidogenic factor, prebiotic).

To ensure the preservation of the properties of the product for a long time, the mixture of cathode and anode fractions of the whey is thickened to a dry matter content of CB (45 ± 5)% and the condensed mixture is dried on a spray dryer.

Thus obtained dry whey can be used in the microbiological industry in the production of bifidobacteria as a nutritional basis, as well as in the food industry in the production of products with functional properties, for example, in the production of fermented milk drinks with bifidobacteria.

Example. Curd whey with titratable acidity K = 86 ° T, active acidity pH 4.65 and dry matter content of 6.2% from the intermediate storage tank is fed to the regeneration section of the pasteurization-cooling plant for heating. Then it is fed to a self-discharging separator for cleaning from grease and casein dust. Next, whey is pasteurized in a pasteurization-cooling unit at a temperature of t = 75 ° C. Storage of pasteurized whey at a temperature of t = 6 ° C is allowed for no more than 24 hours. Then the serum is subjected to electroactivation for 15 minutes until a pH of 11.5 units is reached in the cathode chamber. pH, and in the anode - 2.5 units. pH After electroactivation, the cathode and anode fractions are mixed and concentrated in a vacuum evaporator at t = 60 ° C to a solids content of 50% and sent to a spray dryer. In this case, the mass fraction of lactulose in the finished product was 10.5%, alkaline hydrolysis of whey proteins - 34%, hydrolysis of lactose was 16%, and acid hydrolysis of whey proteins - 35%.

Claims (1)

A method for the production of whey powder, providing for its collection, reservation, heating, separation, pasteurization, cooling, isomerization of lactose into lactulose in the cathode chamber of an electroactivation unit at pH 11 ± 0.5, thickening and drying the condensed mixture, characterized in that the whey is simultaneously they are also introduced into the anode chamber of the installation, where acid hydrolysis of lactose and whey proteins occurs at pH 2.5 ± 0.5, the treatment is carried out at a temperature of 70 ± 5 ° C for 20 ± 5 min, and after processing the cathode and anode fraction and mix.