EP0587622B1 - Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entrainement - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entrainement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0587622B1
EP0587622B1 EP92910878A EP92910878A EP0587622B1 EP 0587622 B1 EP0587622 B1 EP 0587622B1 EP 92910878 A EP92910878 A EP 92910878A EP 92910878 A EP92910878 A EP 92910878A EP 0587622 B1 EP0587622 B1 EP 0587622B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sportsperson
movements
sporting activity
computer
tone generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92910878A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0587622A1 (fr
EP0587622A4 (fr
Inventor
Ronald Gerry Dawson
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
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Publication of EP0587622A4 publication Critical patent/EP0587622A4/fr
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Publication of EP0587622B1 publication Critical patent/EP0587622B1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
    • A63B69/36—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf
    • A63B69/3623—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for golf for driving
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0686—Timers, rhythm indicators or pacing apparatus using electric or electronic means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A63B2024/0012—Comparing movements or motion sequences with a registered reference
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0003—Analysing the course of a movement or motion sequences during an exercise or trainings sequence, e.g. swing for golf or tennis
    • A63B24/0006—Computerised comparison for qualitative assessment of motion sequences or the course of a movement
    • A63B2024/0012—Comparing movements or motion sequences with a registered reference
    • A63B2024/0015—Comparing movements or motion sequences with computerised simulations of movements or motion sequences, e.g. for generating an ideal template as reference to be achieved by the user
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
    • A63B71/0622—Visual, audio or audio-visual systems for entertaining, instructing or motivating the user
    • A63B2071/0625—Emitting sound, noise or music

Definitions

  • the invention relates to training a sportsperson for some sporting activity and, in particular, to regulating the movements of the sportsperson engaged in that activity.
  • the invention has application to all kinds of sports and to a wide range of sportspersons including a novice commencing to learn the rudiments of some sport as well as someone more proficient seeking to improve performance.
  • US-A-4285041 discloses a pacing timer for a runner.
  • the timer produces a repeating tone that is intended to coincide with every alternate stride the runner takes, thus providing a reference signal allowing the runner to pace his speed during a long distance race.
  • the timer is programmable allowing it to take into account target times, a variety of stride lengths and various speeds at which the runner will run. By increasing or decreasing the length of time between subsequent tones, the runner can alter his stride time and hence increase or decrease his speed accordingly.
  • US-A-3808707 discloses a physical training system that produces an audible signal generated to assist an individual to obtain optimum performance during an activity such as golf.
  • the audible signal varies in frequency, intensity and duration in accordance with the rate of muscle activity and with the level of muscular exertion.
  • the user of the system preprogrammes an ideal signal for the activity to be performed and can then match his muscle activity to the signal.
  • the matching of muscle activity with the audible signal should produce the optimum performance the user can achieve.
  • US-A-3492582 discloses a method and system for providing a pace rhythm for track runners.
  • the system comprises of an audio oscillator that produces a repeating tone against which the runner can time his stride.
  • a sports training device to deliver to a sportsperson engaged in a sporting activity predetermined synchronisation signals in the form of auditory pulses to induce and guide movements of the sportsperson engaged in that sporting activity
  • a digital logic computer and a tone generator the computer logic being programmed to activate the tone generator in accordance with stimulus timing parameters, means to input into the computer predetermined stimulus timing parameters based upon a behavioural analysis of models of the relevant sporting activity to cause the computer to activate the tone generator to generate a sequence of auditory pulses and audio output means through which the generated sounds are relayed to the sportsperson engaged in the sporting activity as a guide to the sporting activity characterised in that said stimulus timing parameters are movement timing parameters having varying characteristics indicative of the onset, temporal duration and temporal proportionality of specific movements of different parts of the body of the sportsperson engaged in a sporting activity derived from a prior behavioural analysis of movement initiation, the temporal duration of movements, and the relative proportional timing of movements, and wherein said sequence of auditory pulses have predetermined varying characteristics
  • predetermined signals are used as timing synchronizers to induce and guide the execution of movements by a sportsperson engaged in a particular sporting activity.
  • the signals may be produced by an electronic device which has been programmed to generate a sequence of auditory pulses having predetermined characteristics.
  • the predetermined signals are dependent upon the particular sporting activity.
  • characteristics of the sequential pulses are derived from a prior analysis of the movements involved in an appropriate sporting behaviour.
  • the prior analysis may be based upon an optimum model of performance where the sportsperson is being trained to achieve an output for which there is an accepted standard.
  • the prior analysis may be based upon a model derived from a study of the sportsperson's own behaviour.
  • the derived model may be used repetitively by that particular sportsperson in order to achieve consistency in timing.
  • a number of models may be analysed so that the sportsperson may experiment with different timing strategies.
  • the model may be a human one or it may be mechanical.
  • stimulus parameters are derived. These parameters may include the onset of movement of a body part, the duration of movement and the relative timing of movements of different parts of the body. Other information such as speed or force of movement may be included.
  • the stimulus parameters are used to vary characteristics of the auditory pulses such as intensity or duration or quality or the like to relate to movements of different parts of the body and/or to provide other information concerning the particular movement.
  • the stimulus parameters are fed into a programmable computer by such means as a keyboard.
  • the auditory pulses are relayed to the sportsperson by audio output means.
  • the audio output means include an individual earpiece for each sportsperson.
  • the audio output means may include a radio link to a remote sportsperson. In either case, timing information may be relayed directly and instantaneously to a sportsperson.
  • sports-sync sports-sync
  • sports-pacer sports-pacer
  • the sports-synch is intended primarily for what may be described as discrete activities such as hitting a golf ball or hitting a cricket ball. Such activities can be made more precise if the onset and duration of various body movements can be signalled precisely to the sportsperson. Incidentally, those two particularised activities illustrate the flexibility of the sports-synch to control self-contained, internally triggered actions as occur in golf as well as actions which have external timing requirements as in cricket.
  • the ideal golf swing involves synchronous movement of several parts of the body.
  • a sequential signal pattern may be based on an analysis of the golf swing using a human or mechanical model.
  • the synchrony may be signalled to the golfer by a sequence of different auditory tones which signal the onset of movement for different body parts.
  • the whole sequence commences with a brief synchronous tone burst at, for example, 2 per second. This tone burst acts as an onset signal and may be triggered at the golfer's discretion.
  • the golfer will learn which tones are the trigger for movement of particular parts of the body and will then practise to put the sequence together with the timing indicated. Thus, the golfer will learn to maintain consistency in timing.
  • the sports-synch also has application to cricket batting strokes. Efficient stroke-play in cricket involves a multiplicity of decisions in a short space of time. Sports-synch will enable a batsman to practise the timing of specifically identified shots.
  • the timing sequence of the shot could be based upon an ideal model or, alternatively, on an individual model as, for example, in the case of juniors whose body proportions do not allow them to approach the ideal.
  • Each shot will be identified by a different tonal sequence and, preferably, a different onset signal for the commencement of each shot.
  • the advantage of using the bowling machine is that the batsman could practise a certain shot over and over again provided that the bowling machine is set up to deliver a ball at constant length and velocity.
  • the timing sequence would preferably be initiated remotely from the bowling machine by, for example, a radio link. If a human bowler were to be used, the timing sequence for the shot could be initiated remotely by a third party such as a coach.
  • the timing of each tone would be programmed in advance from a model such that the sequence for an activity may be triggered in full from a single input.
  • the single input trigger could be initiated manually or by a remote signal from another device such as a bowling machine.
  • the sports-synch could also be reprogrammed by the user in order to change various features of the total event to suit the individual.
  • the sports-synch may be used in other activities which culminate in a precise movement which has a timing prerequisite such as high-jumping, bowling a cricket ball, putting, etc. All of these activities involve a single sequence of events which should be tailor-made and then initiated singly.
  • the sports-pacer is intended for the timing of measured repetitive movements such as occurs in running and swimming.
  • the essential purpose of this device is to deliver auditory signals which are to be synchronized with the mode of propulsion (e.g., a pace in running or a swimming stroke) such that the pacing feature is immediately convertible into a measure of velocity.
  • a sports-pacer acts as a speedometer for the athlete.
  • the accuracy of the speedometer function is dependent upon measurements of the particular athlete performing over set distances so that paces or strokes per distance can be converted to pulses per unit time. Given this information, it is possible to programme a training regimen for an athlete or a full race without the athlete having constantly to check a time-piece.
  • the device would be flexible enough to correct for changes in terrain, simply by the athlete or coach noting the change in distance travelled over changes in slope of running surface.
  • a race like a marathon could be programmed from start to finish.
  • the athlete in full knowledge of his speed throughout the race, would be able to preset his pace for the race in advance.
  • An athlete would also be able to test out different strategies for racing given that the pacer would enable the athlete to race at different velocities at different stages of the race, with a precise knowledge of what those velocities are.
  • An application of the device which differs slightly from the prior examples is to aid in synchronizing the run-up of a bowler in cricket.
  • Fast bowlers in particular need a precise rhythm when they bowl.
  • a sports-pacer would be able to provide a series of pulses to pace each step in the run-up and the subsequent arm movements leading to the delivery of the ball.
  • a sports-pacer needs to be a more flexible device than a sports-synch.
  • the device would have inbuilt programmes of performance based, for example, upon the measurement of world-class athletes in appropriate races which can be used as a model.
  • the device could also be based upon individual programmes over set distances.
  • the sports training device illustrated in Fig.1 is suitable for both the sports-synch and sports-pacer applications.
  • the device comprises a programmable electronic system made up of three main components.
  • the first is an input device with a keypad which is used to select programmes (if there is more than one programme) and input stimulus parameters.
  • the second is a computer and tone generator with an associated memory made with programmable microchips.
  • the third is an audio amplifier and speaker, through which the sounds generated by the computer are relayed to a sportsperson.
  • the device allows the user to select sounds covering a wide range of frequencies and intensities and arrange them in sequence.
  • the sequence can then be played, on command from the keypad, through any of a number of speaker or earpiece outputs.
  • the device may also contain a display which indicates to the user the precise details (frequency, duration, sequence, etc.) of the information currently programmed.
  • the output characteristics of the device can cover the whole range of audible frequencies of sound, the tonal durations may range from milliseconds to seconds and the total duration of the auditory sequences can be as short as milliseconds or as long as hours.
  • the device may include means whereby a number of different auditory sequences can be stored concurrently. Further, the device may incorporate more than one programme. In this event, the appropriate programme and auditory sequence may be selected through operation of the keypad.
  • the audio output means used to relay a sequence of auditory tones to a sportsperson comprises an earpiece which may be worn by the sportsperson.
  • individual earpieces may be supplied to each person.
  • the audio output means should include a radio link.
  • the training device be battery powered.
  • Figs. 2a and 2b depict a circuit diagram for a sports training device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the training device may be used either as a sports-synch or a sports-pacer.
  • the major differences in function result from the way in which tonal sequences are selected by the programme and are stored in the hardware and triggered by the sportsperson.
  • Tonal sequences are selected by the programme and are stored in the hardware and triggered by the sportsperson.
  • preparatory signals start off a sequence. These are followed by a series of tones, whose frequency and inter-pulse-intervals have been selected so as to guide a whole-body action involving the movement of many parts.
  • the range of tones used will be less extensive, since it is the repetitive feature of a particular movement which will be signalled; however, the output will be such as to cover the repetitive movement sequence for the total duration of a sporting activity, such as the running of a marathon, which takes over two hours.
  • the circuit shown in Figs. 2a and 2b represents a programmable tone sequence generator which is controlled by a Motorola (MC 68705C8) microcontroller U1.
  • the controller U1 monitors the input keys of keyboard K1 and performs all timing and tone selection functions for the device operation in either of its sports-synch or sports-pacer applications.
  • the tones and times are stored in the processor ROM and are accessed by the CPU to generate precisely controlled tones and accurate durations.
  • the circuit also includes a reset generator (MC34064) U2 which monitors the power supply and holds controller U1 in a reset condition during power failure or low battery voltage.
  • Voltage regulator (MC78L05) U3 regulates the battery voltage to give +5 volts for the digital circuit.
  • a generator U4 generates -5 volts from the +5 supply for the microchip of tone generator (ML2035) U5 which takes serial data from controller U1 via the SPI in hexidecimal format to produce a sine wave.
  • a low power amplifier (LM386) U6 takes sine wave from tone generator U5 and provides sufficient power to drive low impedance head phones or earpiece. The power is provided by a 9 volt battery B1.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entraînement, qui fournit des signaux de synchronisation pour induire et guider les mouvements d'un sportif pratiquant des exercices d'entraînement. Ce dispositif comprend un ordinateur logique numérique et un générateur de sons. La logique de l'ordinateur est programmée pour activer le générateur de sons en fonction de paramètres de stimuli. Des moyens sont prévus pour introduire dans l'ordinateur les paramètres de stimuli prédéterminés sur la base d'une analyse comportementale de modèles de séquences de mouvements appropriées relatives à l'activité sportive, afin d'amener le générateur de sons à générer une séquence d'impulsions auditives ayant des caractéristiques prédéterminées. Ces caractéristiques, telles que l'intensité, la durée, la qualité et autres, se rapportent aux mouvements de différentes parties du corps et/ou fournissent d'autres informations concernant un mouvement particulier. Ce dispositif comporte également un organe de sortie audio par lequel les sons générés sont relayés vers le sportif pour lui servir de préfiguration et de guide dans la pratique de ses exercices d'entraînement.

Claims (7)

  1. Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entraînement pour fournir à un sportif, engagé dans une activité sportive, des signaux de synchronisation prédéterminés sous la forme d'impulsions auditives pour induire et guider les mouvements du sportif engagé dans cette activité sportive, comprenant un ordinateur numérique et un générateur de tonalité, la logique informatique étant programmée pour activer le générateur de tonalité selon des paramètres de synchronisation de stimulus, des moyens destinés à entrer dans l'ordinateur des paramètres de synchronisation de stimulus prédéterminés basés sur une analyse de comportement de modèles de l'activité sportive concernée pour provoquer l'activation du générateur de tonalité par l'ordinateur afin de générer une séquence d'impulsions auditives et des moyens de sortie audio à travers lesquels les sons générés sont retransmis au sportif engagé dans l'activité sportive en tant que guide pour l'activité sportive, caractérisé en ce que lesdits paramètres de synchronisation de stimulus sont des paramètres de synchronisation de mouvements présentant des caractéristiques variables montrant le commencement, la durée temporelle et la proportionnalité temporelle de mouvements spécifiques de différentes parties du corps du sportif engagé dans une activité sportive déduites d'une analyse préalable du comportement du commencement des mouvements, de la durée temporelle des mouvements et de la proportionnalité temporelle relative des mouvements, et dans lequel ladite séquence d'impulsions auditives présente des caractéristiques variables prédéterminées d'intensité, de fréquence ou de qualité de tonalité, ou similaire, afin de signaler le commencement, la durée temporelle et la proportionnalité temporelle des mouvements spécifiques des différentes parties du corps à exécuter par le sportif.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les caractéristiques prédéterminées signalent également des informations supplémentaires concernant les mouvements à exécuter.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits moyens audio comprennent un écouteur porté par le sportif.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de sortie audio comprennent une liaison radio.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens destinés à entrer les paramètres de stimulus comprennent un clavier.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant des moyens par lesquels un certain nombre de séquences auditives différentes peuvent être stockées simultanément.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant des moyens destinés à stocker une pluralité de programmes.
EP92910878A 1991-05-22 1992-05-22 Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entrainement Expired - Lifetime EP0587622B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPK627691 1991-05-22
AU6276/91 1991-05-22
PCT/AU1992/000237 WO1992021106A1 (fr) 1991-05-22 1992-05-22 Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entrainement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0587622A1 EP0587622A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
EP0587622A4 EP0587622A4 (fr) 1994-03-24
EP0587622B1 true EP0587622B1 (fr) 1997-03-26

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ID=3775419

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92910878A Expired - Lifetime EP0587622B1 (fr) 1991-05-22 1992-05-22 Dispositif pour la pratique d'exercices d'entrainement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0587622B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3308529B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100218640B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU650755B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2109413C (fr)
DE (1) DE69218597T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992021106A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104661713A (zh) * 2012-04-10 2015-05-27 艾佩克有限公司 互动认知的多感官交互设备与方法来评估、分析、培训和/或提高运动员和其他人群的运动能力
US10446051B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2019-10-15 Apexk Inc. Interactive cognitive-multisensory interface apparatus and methods for assessing, profiling, training, and improving performance of athletes and other populations
US10610143B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2020-04-07 Apexk Inc. Concussion rehabilitation device and method

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995011730A1 (fr) * 1993-10-27 1995-05-04 Gerhard Roth Procede et dispositif de controle sensoriel de mouvements
GB2316198B (en) * 1995-05-16 1999-11-10 Patrick Gerard Miley Programmable audible pacing device
GB9509849D0 (en) * 1995-05-16 1995-07-12 Miley Patrick G Programmeable sports pacing device
FI111215B (fi) * 1995-05-31 2003-06-30 Polar Electro Oy Telemetristä tiedonsiirtoa käyttävä menetelmä ja järjestelmä sydänsykkeen mittaukseen
AT3169U1 (de) 1999-04-21 1999-11-25 Wagner Herrmann Golf-trainings-vorrichtung sowie golf-trainings-system
WO2005004999A1 (fr) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Fusion Sport International Pty Ltd Procedes, appareil et systeme d'entrainement sportif et d'evaluation
JP4770313B2 (ja) * 2005-07-27 2011-09-14 ソニー株式会社 オーディオ信号の生成装置
CN111768758B (zh) * 2020-07-24 2023-04-07 四川大学华西医院 基于视频判读技术的自助化基础生命支持考核系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3492582A (en) * 1967-03-21 1970-01-27 Richard D Heywood Method and apparatus for teaching track runners proper pacing rhythm
US3808707A (en) * 1972-04-03 1974-05-07 C Fink Physical training system
US4285041A (en) * 1979-06-22 1981-08-18 Smith Kent G Digital pacing timer
FR2470404A1 (fr) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-29 Allain Robert Temporisateur pour l'entrainement individuel au tir sur cible
DE3445654A1 (de) * 1984-12-14 1986-06-19 Volker 6702 Bad Dürkheim Reinfrank Zeitmessgeraet fuer trainingszwecke
FR2622994B1 (fr) * 1987-11-06 1990-03-23 Barjon Franck Procede de chronometrage avec des temps de repos fixes ou variables et le dispositif de mise en oeuvre
AU1380792A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-10-01 Peter Claringbull An apparatus for a physical exercise game

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104661713A (zh) * 2012-04-10 2015-05-27 艾佩克有限公司 互动认知的多感官交互设备与方法来评估、分析、培训和/或提高运动员和其他人群的运动能力
US10446051B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2019-10-15 Apexk Inc. Interactive cognitive-multisensory interface apparatus and methods for assessing, profiling, training, and improving performance of athletes and other populations
US10478698B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2019-11-19 Apexk Inc. Interactive cognitive-multisensory interface apparatus and methods for assessing, profiling, training, and/or improving performance of athletes and other populations
US10610143B2 (en) 2012-04-10 2020-04-07 Apexk Inc. Concussion rehabilitation device and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69218597T2 (de) 1997-11-13
AU1769992A (en) 1992-12-30
CA2109413C (fr) 2002-07-02
AU650755B2 (en) 1994-06-30
CA2109413A1 (fr) 1992-11-23
JPH06507556A (ja) 1994-09-01
DE69218597D1 (de) 1997-04-30
JP3308529B2 (ja) 2002-07-29
WO1992021106A1 (fr) 1992-11-26
EP0587622A1 (fr) 1994-03-23
KR100218640B1 (ko) 1999-09-01
EP0587622A4 (fr) 1994-03-24

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