EP0586864A2 - Process and device for heating bulk goods to high temperature - Google Patents

Process and device for heating bulk goods to high temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0586864A2
EP0586864A2 EP93112126A EP93112126A EP0586864A2 EP 0586864 A2 EP0586864 A2 EP 0586864A2 EP 93112126 A EP93112126 A EP 93112126A EP 93112126 A EP93112126 A EP 93112126A EP 0586864 A2 EP0586864 A2 EP 0586864A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
temperature
heating
heated
circulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93112126A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0586864A3 (en
EP0586864B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Herman Dipl.-Ing. Juergens
Achim Dipl.-Ing. Schmidt
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Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
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Gebrueder Loedige Maschinenbau GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any preceding group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0072—Use of a pinion and a rack
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
    • F27D2009/0005—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a gas
    • F27D2009/0008—Ways to inject gases against surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D2099/0061—Indirect heating
    • F27D2099/0065—Gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0045—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for granular materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for heating bulk goods to high temperatures, in which the bulk goods are first heated to a desired final temperature and then cooled to a lower temperature, but well above the outside temperature, and can be kept at any adjustable temperature.
  • the invention also relates to a device for performing this method.
  • the heat supply must be controllable in such a way that the desired operating conditions are always achieved and maintained.
  • Known reactors do not meet these conditions.
  • the object of the invention is to heat up bulk material in an economical and safe manner first to a greatly elevated temperature and then to cool it to a relatively high temperature without fear of damage to the bulk material container due to inadequate temperature control.
  • the risk of damage to the container is particularly high due to excessive temperature gradients on the container and the associated material stress.
  • the double jacket provided for gas routing is designed such that thermal expansions can be absorbed and compensated for by compensators, not least also because nozzles and manholes arranged on the mixer or reactor are also enclosed by the double jacket.
  • the double jacket is divided so that the gas can be guided separately in each section. Throttle bodies allow the gas quantities to be set so that the gas flow is the same everywhere.
  • the exhaust flap provided in the device according to the invention does not close absolutely tightly. This ensures that no excess pressure can build up in the gas circulation system.
  • the double jacket 4 is designed such that it surrounds connecting pieces or other connecting elements leading into the mixer 1 or leading out of the mixer - not shown in FIG. 1 -.
  • the double jacket 4 is divided on the inside by a circular disk-shaped partition 5 into two sections 6 and 7 surrounding the drum-shaped container of the mixer 1 in a ring.
  • Each of these annular sections 6 and 7 is each provided with an inlet connection 8 and an outlet connection 9 for hot gas, which is preferably air, which serves as a heat carrier.
  • Each inlet connection 8 is preceded by a flap 10 regulating the inlet quantity of the gas.
  • the flaps 10 of the two inlet ports are individually controllable.
  • the amount of gas let through each flap 10 is detected by a downstream sensor 11.
  • the flap 10 connected upstream of this sensor is controlled according to the values determined by the respective sensor 11.
  • the air baffles 43 arranged in the inlet connection 8 can be angular in front view, as shown in FIG. 6. However, they can also have any other shape, for example also be a simple plate-shaped sheet.
  • the ends of the double jacket 4 are arranged on the container of the mixer 1 via compensators 49, which consist of bellows bent from sheet metal .
  • Such bellows can also be provided between the inlet and outlet connections and further connections leading into the container 48 of the mixer 1 and / or the double jacket 4.
  • compensators 49 ensure a tight, but stress-free connection between the container 48 and the double jacket 4 arranged thereon.
  • the gas used for indirect heating and cooling of the mixer 1 can be supplied with cool gas, such as fresh air, through a line 12, the amount of fish air supplied being controlled by a control element 13 arranged in the line 12.
  • cool gas such as fresh air
  • the fresh air supplied passes through a line 14 to a blower or compressor 15 which is provided with a motor 16 and which circulates the air which has entered the line 14.
  • the compressor 15 is connected via an intermediate line 17 to a heat exchanger 18 serving as a heating device.
  • the heat exchanger 18 contains a heating coil 20 which is heated by an electrical energy source 19 and through which the air brought in through the intermediate line 17 flows in order to be heated to the desired operating temperature.
  • the heating device can also be designed according to another functional principle, for. B. as a direct fire gas heater.
  • the air heated in the heat exchanger 18 flows through a further line 21 to a distributor 22 which leads to the two flaps 10 and thus to the two inlet ports 8 of the double jacket 4.
  • a collector 23 is connected to the two outlet ports 9 and directs the partial air quantities flowing out of the double jacket 4 into a common outlet line 24.
  • a controllable regulating element 25 is installed in this outlet line 24 and, together with the regulating elements 26 and 13, controls the amount of the exhaust air flowing out of the outlet line 24.
  • the line 14 is connected to the outlet line 24, which contains a further controllable control member 26 which is arranged between the outlet line 24 and the point at which the line 12 containing the control member 13 for the supply of fresh air into the line 14 opens.
  • a temperature sensor 27 is connected to the line 21 leading from the heat exchanger 18 to the double jacket 4 and detects the temperature of the heated air flowing through the line 21.
  • a further temperature sensor 28 is connected to the outlet line 24 and detects the temperature of the exhaust air flowing through the outlet line 24.
  • the two temperature sensors 27 and 28 are electrically linked to one another via a switching element 29 that detects the temperature difference.
  • a further temperature sensor 33 is connected to the interior of the mixer 1, which detects the temperature prevailing in the interior of the mixer 1 and in particular the temperature of the bulk material located in the mixer 1.
  • This temperature sensor is electrically linked to a setpoint-actual value switching element 34, which compares the temperature values detected with the temperature sensor 33 with a setpoint value for the temperature, for example specified by a program.
  • This switching element 34 is electrically connected to the circuit 32 provided for the calculation and forwards the possibly determined differences between the target value and the actual value to this circuit.
  • a controller 35 operating according to the split-range principle is electrically connected to the circuit 32 used for the calculation, to which the temperature sensor 27 assigned to the inlet line 21 is also electrically connected.
  • This split-range controller works in such a way that the heating of the circulating air used for heating and cooling is controlled in the case of a negative control deviation and the cooling in the case of a positive control deviation.
  • the split-range controller 35 is electrically connected on the one hand to the control elements 13, 25 and 26 and on the other hand to the energy source 19 of the heat exchanger 18. He can thus carry out a control of the regulating elements corresponding to the desired working temperature and thus the regulated supply of fresh air and the regulated return of exhaust air, and on the other hand control the heating energy input into the heat exchanger 18.
  • the setpoint for the temperature of the bulk material is entered into the switching element 34 by a program. This setpoint is compared in the switching element 34 with the actual value detected by the temperature sensor 33 and the temperature of the bulk material prevailing in the mixer 1. The desired value for the temperature of the heated gas flowing through the line 21 to the double jacket 4 is calculated from the comparison value obtained in this way.
  • both the heating energy given off by the energy source 19 and the control on the inlet, outlet and intermediate passage are regulated by means of the regulating elements 13, 25 and 26.
  • the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures is measured using the temperature sensors 27 and 28.
  • the difference value determined by the switching element 29 is included in the calculation of the reference variable for heating and cooling the mixer 1, taking into account the setpoint value determined by the switching element 34, and in the controller 35.
  • this is a split-range controller that controls the heating in the upper area and the cooling in the lower area. This ensures that either heating or cooling is the only option.
  • Fig. 2 to 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a system which is constructed and operates according to the circuit diagram from FIG. 1.
  • a silo-like feed container 36 is provided, which opens into the mixer 1 via a connecting piece 37, which contains a closure (not shown).
  • a second feed hopper 38 leading upwards is arranged next to the feed container 36.
  • an outlet funnel 39 is attached, which opens into a downpipe 40.
  • the outlet funnel is also provided with a closure, not shown, so that mix can only be removed from the mixer 1 when it has been heated and cooled sufficiently.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 the mixer 1 having a double jacket 4 is shown in more detail and somewhat more precisely than in the previous figures. It can be seen that the drive motor 3 is connected to the shaft 41 for the mixing mechanism provided in the container 48 of the mixer 1 via an intermediate gear 42.

Abstract

To heat bulk goods to high temperatures, in which the bulk goods are first heated to a desired end temperature and then cooled to a lower, but far above ambient, temperature, the bulk goods are heated by circulated heated gas, such as heated air, and cooled in the same manner. For this purpose, a vessel is provided having an agitator or centrifugal mechanism arranged therein for circulating bulk goods charged therein, which vessel is equipped with a jacket for passing through gas, such as air, serving as heat transport medium. In this case, a pipe system, forming a circuit, is connected to the jacket for circulating and heating the gas serving as heat transport medium. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Schüttgut auf hohe Temperaturen, bei dem das Schüttgut zunächst auf eine gewünschte Endtemperatur aufgeheizt und sodann auf eine niedrigere, aber weit über Außentemperatur liegende Temperatur abgekühlt wird und auf jeder einstellbaren Temperatur gehalten werden kann. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for heating bulk goods to high temperatures, in which the bulk goods are first heated to a desired final temperature and then cooled to a lower temperature, but well above the outside temperature, and can be kept at any adjustable temperature. The invention also relates to a device for performing this method.

Bei der Behandlung spezieller Schüttgüter ist es beispielsweise erforderlich, das Schüttgut zunächst einmal auf eine erhöhte Temperatur von beispielsweise etwa 650° C zu erhitzen und dann auf eine zwar niedrigere, aber immer noch deutlich über Raumtemperatur liegende Temperatur von beispielsweise etwa 170° C abzukühlen, auf der das Schüttgut dann aber gehalten werden muß, d. h. daß diese Temperatur nicht unterschritten werden darf. Die Temperierung muß also so erfolgen, daß die Vorlauftemperatur des Gases möglichst schnell und genau den vorgegebenen Sollwerten folgt.In the treatment of special bulk materials, it is necessary, for example, to first heat the bulk material to an elevated temperature of, for example, about 650 ° C. and then to cool it down to a temperature of, for example, about 170 ° C., which is still lower but still clearly above room temperature but then the bulk goods must be kept, d. H. that this temperature must not be fallen below. The temperature control must therefore be such that the flow temperature of the gas follows the specified setpoints as quickly and precisely as possible.

Da die Behandlung des Schüttgutes in einem geschlossenen Behältnis wie einem Reaktor, der auch Mischwerkzeuge enthalten kann, erfolgt, muß die Wärmezufuhr so steuerbar sein, daß die gewünschten Betriebsbedingungen stets erreicht und eingehalten werden. Bekannte Reaktoren erfüllen diese Bedingungen nicht.Since the bulk material is treated in a closed container such as a reactor, which may also contain mixing tools, the heat supply must be controllable in such a way that the desired operating conditions are always achieved and maintained. Known reactors do not meet these conditions.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei der Wärmebehandlung von Schüttgut dieses in wirtschaftlicher und sicherer Weise zunächst auf eine stark erhöhte Temperatur aufzuheizen und anschließend auf eine verhältnismäßig hohe Temperatur abkühlen, ohne Schäden am das Schüttgut aufzunehmenden Behälter wegen unzulänglicher Temperaturführung befürchten zu müssen.The object of the invention is to heat up bulk material in an economical and safe manner first to a greatly elevated temperature and then to cool it to a relatively high temperature without fear of damage to the bulk material container due to inadequate temperature control.

Die Gefahr von Schäden am Behälter ist besonders durch zu hohe Temperaturgefälle am Behälter und die damit verbundene Materialbeanspruchung gegeben.The risk of damage to the container is particularly high due to excessive temperature gradients on the container and the associated material stress.

Diese gestellte Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung gelöst, welches die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 aufweist. Außerdem wird diese Aufgabe mit einer Vorrichtung gelöst, welche die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 4 aufweist.This object is achieved with a method of the type mentioned, which has the characterizing features of claim 1. In addition, this object is achieved with a device which has the features of claim 4.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das Gehäuse des Reaktors oder Mischers mit einem Doppelmantel ausgerüstet, der auch die Einlaß- und Auslaßstutzen des Mischbehälters umgibt und der zur Führung der zum Heizen und Kühlen bestimmten Gase dient. Dabei wird das geregelt temperierte Gase, vorzugsweise Luft, im Kreislauf gefahren. In diesem Kreislauf ist vorzugsweise eine Klappenstation zur Zugabe von Kaltluft und zur Regelung der im Kreislauf geführten Gasmenge enthalten, ferner ein Ventilator zum Fördern des temperierten Gases wie Luft, ein Erhitzer zum Aufheizen des Gases wie Luft und Drosselorgane zum Führen der Gasmengen im Doppelmantel. Ein Meß- und Regelsystem ermöglicht ein gezieltes Erhöhen und Absenken der Temperatur des im Kreislauf geführten Gases.
   ei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgt die Temperaturregelung nach zwei Gesichtspunkten:

  • a) In einem Programm ist die Sollwert-Temperatur des Schüttgutes vorgegeben. Sie wird mit der von einem Istwert-Thermometer ermittelten Temperatur des Schüttgutes verglichen. Daraus ergibt sich die Stellgröße, die als Sollwert für die tatsächliche Sollwert-Berechnung der Temperatur des Vorlaufes der Zuluft eingeht.
  • b) Um unzulässige Wärmespannungen am Reaktor zu vermeiden, wird die Differenz zwischen der Temperatur der Zuluft und der Temperatur der Abluft gemessen. Diese Temperaturdifferenz geht in die Berechnung der Führungsgröße für das Heizen und Kühlen unter Berücksichtigung des Sollwertes in einem zweiten Regler ein. Dieser arbeitet als Split-range-Regler, d. h. im oberen Temperaturbereich wird die Heizung geregelt, im unteren Temperaturbereich die Kühlung. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß entweder geheizt oder gekühlt wird. Die vorgegebenen Bereiche für die möglichen Sollwerte sind unterschiedlich für Heizen und Kühlen.
According to the invention, the housing of the reactor or mixer is equipped with a double jacket which also surrounds the inlet and outlet ports of the mixing vessel and which is used to guide the gases intended for heating and cooling. The controlled temperature gases, preferably air, are circulated. This circuit preferably contains a flap station for adding cold air and for regulating the amount of gas carried in the circuit, a fan for conveying the temperature-controlled gas such as air, a heater for heating the gas such as air and throttling elements for guiding the gas amounts in the double jacket. A measuring and control system enables a targeted increase and decrease in the temperature of the gas circulated.
In the method according to the invention, the temperature is controlled according to two aspects:
  • a) The setpoint temperature of the bulk material is specified in a program. It is compared with the temperature of the bulk material determined by an actual value thermometer. This results in the manipulated variable that is used as the setpoint for the actual setpoint calculation of the temperature of the supply air flow.
  • b) In order to avoid impermissible thermal stresses on the reactor, the difference between the temperature of the supply air and the temperature of the exhaust air is measured. This temperature difference is included in the calculation of the reference variable for heating and cooling, taking into account the setpoint in a second controller. This works as a split-range controller, ie the heating is regulated in the upper temperature range and the cooling in the lower temperature range. This ensures that either heating or cooling is carried out. The specified ranges for the possible setpoints are different for heating and cooling.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist der für die Gasführung vorgesehene Doppelmantel so ausgebildet, daß Wärmedehnungen durch Kompensatoren aufgefangen und ausgeglichen werden können, nicht zuletzt auch deshalb, weil am Mischer oder Reaktor angeordnete Stutzen und Mannlöcher auch von dem Doppelmantel umschlossen sind. Der Doppelmantel ist so unterteilt, daß das Gas in jedem Teil-Abschnitt separat geführt werden kann. Durch Drosselorgane lassen sich die Gasmengen so einstellen, daß überall ein gleicher Gasstrom herrscht.In the device according to the invention, the double jacket provided for gas routing is designed such that thermal expansions can be absorbed and compensated for by compensators, not least also because nozzles and manholes arranged on the mixer or reactor are also enclosed by the double jacket. The double jacket is divided so that the gas can be guided separately in each section. Throttle bodies allow the gas quantities to be set so that the gas flow is the same everywhere.

Die bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung vorgesehene Abgasklappe schließt nicht absolut dicht. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß sich im Gaskreislaufsystem kein Überdruck aufbauen kann.The exhaust flap provided in the device according to the invention does not close absolutely tightly. This ensures that no excess pressure can build up in the gas circulation system.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeigneten Vorrichtung schematisch dargestellt, und zwar zeigt

Fig. 1
ein Schalt-Diagramm dieser Vorrichtung,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht der Vorrichtung,
Fig. 4
eine weitere Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung ähnlich wie in Fig. 2, wobei jedoch weitere Elemente der Vorrichtung zu erkennen sind,
Fig. 5
eine im Maßstab größere Teilansicht des Mischers der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 bis 4, woraus insbesondere der Doppelmantel zu erkennen ist, und
Fig. 6
einen senkrechten Schnitt der Vorrichtung aus Fig. 5.
In the drawing, an embodiment of a device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown schematically, and shows
Fig. 1
a circuit diagram of this device,
Fig. 2
a side view of the device,
Fig. 3
a plan view of the device,
Fig. 4
FIG. 2 shows a further side view of the device similar to that in FIG. 2, but further elements of the device can be seen,
Fig. 5
a larger-scale partial view of the mixer of the device according to FIGS. 1 to 4, from which in particular the double jacket can be seen, and
Fig. 6
5 shows a vertical section of the device from FIG. 5.

Ein Mischer 1 mit liegendem Behälter und somit horizontaler Achse 2 und einem Antriebsmotor 3 für ein nicht näher dargestelltes Mischwerk ist mit einem Doppelmantel 4 versehen, der zum Durchleiten von heißem Gas bestimmt ist, mit dessen Hilfe das im Mischer befindliche und dort gegebenenfalls bewegte Schüttgut aufgeheizt und schließlich auf einer verminderten, jedoch noch deutlich über Außentemperatur liegenden Temperatur für eine vorgegebene Behandlungszeit gehalten werden kann. Der Doppelmantel 4 ist so ausgebildet, daß er in den Mischer 1 führende bzw. aus dem Mischer herausführende - in Fig. 1 nicht gezeigte - Stutzen oder sonstige Anschlußelemente umschließt.A mixer 1 with a horizontal container and thus a horizontal axis 2 and a drive motor 3 for a mixer, not shown in detail, is provided with a double jacket 4, which is intended for passing hot gas, with the aid of which the bulk material located in the mixer and possibly moved there is heated and finally can be kept at a reduced temperature, which is still significantly above the outside temperature, for a predetermined treatment time. The double jacket 4 is designed such that it surrounds connecting pieces or other connecting elements leading into the mixer 1 or leading out of the mixer - not shown in FIG. 1 -.

Gemäß Fig. 1 ist der Doppelmantel 4 im Inneren durch eine kreisscheibenförmige Zwischenwand 5 in zwei den trommelförmigen Behälter des Mischers 1 ringförmig umgebende Abschnitte 6 und 7 unterteilt. Jeder dieser ringförmigen Abschnitte 6 und 7 ist jeweils mit einem Einlaßstutzen 8 und einem Auslaßstutzen 9 für als Wärmeträger dienendes heißes Gas, das vorzugsweise Luft ist, versehen.1, the double jacket 4 is divided on the inside by a circular disk-shaped partition 5 into two sections 6 and 7 surrounding the drum-shaped container of the mixer 1 in a ring. Each of these annular sections 6 and 7 is each provided with an inlet connection 8 and an outlet connection 9 for hot gas, which is preferably air, which serves as a heat carrier.

Jedem Einlaßstutzen 8 ist eine die Einlaßmenge des Gases regelnde Klappe 10 vorgeschaltet. Die Klappen 10 der beiden Einlaßstutzen sind individuell steuerbar. Die von jeder Klappe 10 durchgelassene Gasmenge wird von einem nachgeschalteten Fühler 11 erfaßt. Nach den vom jeweiligen Fühler 11 ermittelten Werten wird die diesem Fühler vorgeschaltete Klappe 10 gesteuert. Um einen gleichmäßigen Gasdurchfluß im vorderen und hinteren Bereich des Doppelmantels 4 einstellen zu können, ist in jedem Einlaßstutzen 8 jeweils ein von Hand verstellbares Luftleitblech 43 angeordnet, das um eine horizontale Achse 44 mittels eines Handrades 45 verstellt werden kann.Each inlet connection 8 is preceded by a flap 10 regulating the inlet quantity of the gas. The flaps 10 of the two inlet ports are individually controllable. The amount of gas let through each flap 10 is detected by a downstream sensor 11. The flap 10 connected upstream of this sensor is controlled according to the values determined by the respective sensor 11. In order to be able to set a uniform gas flow in the front and rear region of the double jacket 4, there is a manually adjustable air baffle 43 in each inlet connection 8 arranged, which can be adjusted about a horizontal axis 44 by means of a handwheel 45.

Die in den Einlaßstutzen 8 angeordneten Luftleitbleche 43 können in Stirnansicht winkelförmig ausgeführt sein, wie Fig. 6 zeigt. Sie können aber auch jede andere Form aufweisen, beispielsweise auch ein einfaches plattenförmiges Blech sein.The air baffles 43 arranged in the inlet connection 8 can be angular in front view, as shown in FIG. 6. However, they can also have any other shape, for example also be a simple plate-shaped sheet.

Damit sich zwischen dem trommelförmigen Behälter 48 des Mischers 1 und dem diesen umschließenden Doppelmantel 4 keine Spannungen durch Temperaturunterschiede aufbauen können, ist der Doppelmantel 4 mit seinen Enden über Kompensatoren 49 auf dem Behälter des Mischers 1 angeordnet, welche aus aus Metall-Blech gebogenen Faltenbälgen bestehen. Derartige Faltenbälge können auch zwischen den Einlaß- und Auslaßstutzen und weiteren in den Behälter 48 des Mischers 1 und/oder den Doppelmantel 4 führenden Stutzen vorgesehen sein. Diese Kompensatoren 49 gewährleisten eine dichte, jedoch spannungsfreie Verbindung zwischen dem Behälter 48 und dem auf diesem angeordneten Doppelmantel 4.So that no tensions due to temperature differences can build up between the drum-shaped container 48 of the mixer 1 and the double jacket 4 enclosing it, the ends of the double jacket 4 are arranged on the container of the mixer 1 via compensators 49, which consist of bellows bent from sheet metal . Such bellows can also be provided between the inlet and outlet connections and further connections leading into the container 48 of the mixer 1 and / or the double jacket 4. These compensators 49 ensure a tight, but stress-free connection between the container 48 and the double jacket 4 arranged thereon.

Dem zum indirekten Heizen und Kühlen des Mischers 1 verwendetes Gas kann durch eine Leitung 12 kühles Gas wie Frischluft zugeführt werden, wobei die zugeführte Menge Fischluft durch ein in der Leitung 12 angeordnetes Regelorgan 13 gesteuert wird. Die zugeführte Frischluft gelangt durch eine Leitung 14 zu einem Gebläse oder Verdichter 15, der mit einem Motor 16 versehen ist und für die Umwälzung der in die Leitung 14 gelangten Luft sorgt. Der Verdichter 15 ist über eine Zwischenleitung 17 mit einem als Heizeinrichtung dienenden Wärmetauscher 18 verbunden.The gas used for indirect heating and cooling of the mixer 1 can be supplied with cool gas, such as fresh air, through a line 12, the amount of fish air supplied being controlled by a control element 13 arranged in the line 12. The fresh air supplied passes through a line 14 to a blower or compressor 15 which is provided with a motor 16 and which circulates the air which has entered the line 14. The compressor 15 is connected via an intermediate line 17 to a heat exchanger 18 serving as a heating device.

Der Wärmetauscher 18 enthält beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eine von einer elektrischen Energiequelle 19 erhitzte Heizschlange 20, über welche die durch die Zwischenleitung 17 herangeführte Luft strömt, um auf die gewünschte Betriebstemperatur aufgeheizt zu werden. Die Heizeinrichtung kann auch nach einem anderen Funktionsprinzip ausgeführt sein, z. B. als direkt befeuerbarer Gaserhitzer.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the heat exchanger 18 contains a heating coil 20 which is heated by an electrical energy source 19 and through which the air brought in through the intermediate line 17 flows in order to be heated to the desired operating temperature. The heating device can also be designed according to another functional principle, for. B. as a direct fire gas heater.

Die im Wärmetauscher 18 aufgeheizte Luft strömt durch eine weitere Leitung 21 zu einem Verteiler 22, der zu den beiden Klappen 10 und damit zu den beiden Einlaßstutzen 8 des Doppelmantels 4 führt.The air heated in the heat exchanger 18 flows through a further line 21 to a distributor 22 which leads to the two flaps 10 and thus to the two inlet ports 8 of the double jacket 4.

An die beiden Auslaßstutzen 9 ist ein Sammler 23 angeschlossen, der die aus dem Doppelmantel 4 abströmenden Teilluftmengen in eine gemeinsame Auslaßleitung 24 leitet. In diese Auslaßleitung 24 ist ein steuerbares Regelorgan 25 eingebaut, das zusammen mit den Regelorganen 26 und 13 die Menge der aus der Auslaßleitung 24 ausströmenden Abluft steuert.A collector 23 is connected to the two outlet ports 9 and directs the partial air quantities flowing out of the double jacket 4 into a common outlet line 24. A controllable regulating element 25 is installed in this outlet line 24 and, together with the regulating elements 26 and 13, controls the amount of the exhaust air flowing out of the outlet line 24.

Vor dem Regelorgan 25 ist an die Auslaßleitung 24 die Leitung 14 angeschlossen, welche ein weiteres steuerbares Regelorgan 26 enthält, das zwischen der Auslaßleitung 24 und der Stelle angeordnet ist, an der die das Regelorgan 13 enthaltende Leitung 12 für die Zufuhr von Frischluft in die Leitung 14 mündet.Before the control member 25, the line 14 is connected to the outlet line 24, which contains a further controllable control member 26 which is arranged between the outlet line 24 and the point at which the line 12 containing the control member 13 for the supply of fresh air into the line 14 opens.

An die vom Wärmetauscher 18 zum Doppelmantel 4 führende Leitung 21 ist ein Temperaturfühler 27 angeschlossen, der die Temperatur der durch die Leitung 21 strömenden erhitzten Luft erfaßt. An die Auslaßleitung 24 ist ein weiterer Temperaturfühler 28 angeschlossen, der die Temperatur der durch die Auslaßleitung 24 strömenden Abluft erfaßt. Die beiden Temperaturfühler 27 und 28 sind über ein die Temperaturdifferenz erfassendes Schaltelement 29 untereinander elektrisch verknüpft.A temperature sensor 27 is connected to the line 21 leading from the heat exchanger 18 to the double jacket 4 and detects the temperature of the heated air flowing through the line 21. A further temperature sensor 28 is connected to the outlet line 24 and detects the temperature of the exhaust air flowing through the outlet line 24. The two temperature sensors 27 and 28 are electrically linked to one another via a switching element 29 that detects the temperature difference.

An den Innenraum des Mischers 1 ist schließlich ein weiterer Temperaturfühler 33 angeschlossen, welcher die im Inneren des Mischers 1 herrschende Temperatur und insbesondere die Temperatur des im Mischer 1 befindlichen Schüttgutes erfaßt. Dieser Temperaturfühler ist mit einem Sollwert-Istwert-Schaltelement 34 elektrisch verknüpft, das die mit dem Temperaturfühler 33 erfaßten Temperaturwerte mit einem beispielsweise durch ein Programm vorgegebenen Sollwert für die Temperatur vergleicht. Dieses Schaltelement 34 ist mit dem zur Berechnung vorgesehenen Schaltkreis 32 elektrisch verbunden und gibt die gegebenenfalls ermittelten Differenzen zwischen Sollwert und Istwert an diesen Schaltkreis weiter.Finally, a further temperature sensor 33 is connected to the interior of the mixer 1, which detects the temperature prevailing in the interior of the mixer 1 and in particular the temperature of the bulk material located in the mixer 1. This temperature sensor is electrically linked to a setpoint-actual value switching element 34, which compares the temperature values detected with the temperature sensor 33 with a setpoint value for the temperature, for example specified by a program. This switching element 34 is electrically connected to the circuit 32 provided for the calculation and forwards the possibly determined differences between the target value and the actual value to this circuit.

An den der Berechnung dienenden Schaltkreis 32 ist ein nach dem Split-range-Prinzip arbeitender Regler 35 elektrisch angeschlossen, mit dem auch der an der Zulauf-Leitung 21 zugeordnete Temperaturfühler 27 elektrisch verbunden ist. Dieser Split-range-Regler arbeitet derart, daß bei negativer Regelabweichung die Heizung und bei positiver Regelabweichung die Kühlung der zum Heizen und Kühlen verwendeten umgewälzten Luft geregelt wird.A controller 35 operating according to the split-range principle is electrically connected to the circuit 32 used for the calculation, to which the temperature sensor 27 assigned to the inlet line 21 is also electrically connected. This split-range controller works in such a way that the heating of the circulating air used for heating and cooling is controlled in the case of a negative control deviation and the cooling in the case of a positive control deviation.

Der Split-range-Regler 35 ist elektrisch einerseits mit den Regelorganen 13, 25 und 26 und andererseits mit der Energiequelle 19 des Wärmetauschers 18 elektrisch verbunden. Somit kann er eine der gewünschten Arbeitstemperatur entsprechende Steuerung der Regelorgane und damit der geregelten Zufuhr von Frischluft und der geregelten Rückleitung von Abluft vornehmen und andererseits die in den Wärmetauscher 18 eingegebene Heizenergie steuern.The split-range controller 35 is electrically connected on the one hand to the control elements 13, 25 and 26 and on the other hand to the energy source 19 of the heat exchanger 18. He can thus carry out a control of the regulating elements corresponding to the desired working temperature and thus the regulated supply of fresh air and the regulated return of exhaust air, and on the other hand control the heating energy input into the heat exchanger 18.

Von einem Programm wird der Sollwert für die Temperatur des Schüttgutes in das Schaltelement 34 eingegeben. Dieser Sollwert wird in dem Schaltelement 34 mit dem von dem Temperaturfühler 33 erfaßten Istwert der im Mischer 1 herrschenden Temperatur des Schüttgutes verglichen. Aus dem so gewonnenen Vergleichswert wird der Sollwert für die Temperatur des durch die Leitung 21 zum Doppelmantel 4 strömenden erhitzten Gases berechnet. Entsprechend dem Sollwert wird sowohl die von der Energiequelle 19 abgegebene Heizenergie als auch die Steuerung am Zulauf, Auslauf und Zwischenlauf mittels der Regelorgane 13, 25 und 26 geregelt.The setpoint for the temperature of the bulk material is entered into the switching element 34 by a program. This setpoint is compared in the switching element 34 with the actual value detected by the temperature sensor 33 and the temperature of the bulk material prevailing in the mixer 1. The desired value for the temperature of the heated gas flowing through the line 21 to the double jacket 4 is calculated from the comparison value obtained in this way. In accordance with the setpoint, both the heating energy given off by the energy source 19 and the control on the inlet, outlet and intermediate passage are regulated by means of the regulating elements 13, 25 and 26.

Um den Mischer 1 nicht zu ungleichmäßig aufzuheizen, wird die Differenz zwischen der Einlaß- und Auslaßtemperatur mit Hilfe der Temperaturfühler 27 und 28 gemessen. Der vom Schaltelement 29 ermittelte Differenzwert geht in die Berechnung der Führungsgröße für das Heizen und Kühlen des Mischers 1 unter Berücksichtigung des vom Schaltelement 34 ermittelten Sollwertes und in den Regler 35 ein.In order not to heat the mixer 1 too unevenly, the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures is measured using the temperature sensors 27 and 28. The difference value determined by the switching element 29 is included in the calculation of the reference variable for heating and cooling the mixer 1, taking into account the setpoint value determined by the switching element 34, and in the controller 35.

Dieser ist, wie gesagt, ein Split-range-Regler, der im oberen Bereich die Heizung und im unteren Bereich die Kühlung regelt. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, daß entweder nur geheizt oder nur gekühlt werden kann.As I said, this is a split-range controller that controls the heating in the upper area and the cooling in the lower area. This ensures that either heating or cooling is the only option.

Fign. 2 bis 4 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Anlage, die nach dem Schaltschema aus Fig. 1 aufgebaut ist und arbeitet. Für die Aufgabe des im Mischer 1 zu behandelnden Schüttgutes ist ein siloartiger Aufgabebehälter 36 vorgesehen, der über einen Anschlußstutzen 37, welcher einen nicht dargestellten Verschluß enthält, in den Mischer 1 mündet. Neben dem Aufgabebehälter 36 ist ein nach oben führender zweiter Aufgabetrichter 38 angeordnet.Fig. 2 to 4 show an exemplary embodiment of a system which is constructed and operates according to the circuit diagram from FIG. 1. For the task of the bulk material to be treated in the mixer 1, a silo-like feed container 36 is provided, which opens into the mixer 1 via a connecting piece 37, which contains a closure (not shown). A second feed hopper 38 leading upwards is arranged next to the feed container 36.

An die tiefste Stelle des Mischers 1 ist ein Auslaßtrichter 39 angebaut, der in ein Fallrohr 40 mündet. Der Auslaßtrichter ist ebenfalls mit einem nicht dargestellten Verschluß versehen, damit aus dem Mischer 1 Mischgut erst dann abgeführt werden kann, wenn dieses ausreichend beheizt und gekühlt worden ist.At the lowest point of the mixer 1, an outlet funnel 39 is attached, which opens into a downpipe 40. The outlet funnel is also provided with a closure, not shown, so that mix can only be removed from the mixer 1 when it has been heated and cooled sufficiently.

In Fign. 5 und 6 ist der einen Doppelmantel 4 aufweisende Mischer 1 im einzelnen und etwas genauer als in den vorhergehenden Figuren dargestellt. Dabei ist erkennbar, daß der Antriebsmotor 3 mit der Welle 41 für das im Behälter 48 des Mischers 1 vorgesehene Mischwerk über ein Zwischengetriebe 42 verbunden ist.In Figs. 5 and 6, the mixer 1 having a double jacket 4 is shown in more detail and somewhat more precisely than in the previous figures. It can be seen that the drive motor 3 is connected to the shaft 41 for the mixing mechanism provided in the container 48 of the mixer 1 via an intermediate gear 42.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zum Erhitzen von Schüttgut auf hohe Temperaturen, bei dem das Schüttgut zunächst auf eine erwünschte End-Temperatur aufgeheizt und sodann auf eine niedrigere, aber weit über Außentemperatur liegende Temperatur abgekühlt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Schüttgut mittels im Kreislauf geführten erhitzten Gases wie erhitzter Luft aufgeheizt und auf gleiche Weise abgekühlt wird.Process for heating bulk goods to high temperatures, in which the bulk goods are first heated to a desired final temperature and then cooled to a lower temperature which is far above the outside temperature,
characterized,
that the bulk material is heated by means of circulated heated gas such as heated air and cooled in the same way. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem im Kreislauf geführten Gas zum Abkühlen des Schüttgutes kaltes Gas beigemischt und dabei überschüssiges Gas aus dem Kreislauf abgelassen wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that cold gas is added to the circulating gas to cool the bulk material, and excess gas is discharged from the circuit. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Erhitzen und beim Abkühlen des Schüttgutes die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem in den Erhitzungs- und Abkühlbereich zuströmenden und dem aus diesem Bereich abströmenden Gas auf maximal etwa 100° C begrenzt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when heating and cooling the bulk material the temperature difference between the gas flowing into the heating and cooling area and the gas flowing out of this area is limited to a maximum of about 100 ° C. Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen Behälter (1) mit einem darin angeordneten Rühr- oder Schleuderwerk (2, 3) zum Umwälzen von darin eingefülltem Schüttgut aufweist, der mit einem Doppelmantel (4) zum Durchleiten von als Wärmeträger dienendem Gas wie Luft versehen ist, und daß ein einen Kreislauf bildendes Leitungssystem (14, 21, 24) zum Umwälzen und Aufheizen des als Wärmeträger dienenden Gases an den Doppelmantel angeschlossen ist.Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a container (1) with an agitator or centrifugal mechanism (2, 3) arranged therein for circulating bulk material which is filled therein and which has a double jacket (4 ) is provided for the passage of gas serving as a heat transfer medium, such as air, and that a line system (14, 21, 24) forming a circuit for circulating and heating the gas serving as heat transfer medium is connected to the double jacket. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Doppelmantel (4) in zwei oder mehr parallel zueinander geschaltete Teilbereiche (6, 7) unterteilt ist, von denen jeder mit einer verstellbaren Durchstromsteuerung (10) versehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the double jacket (4) is divided into two or more partial areas (6, 7) connected in parallel, each of which is provided with an adjustable flow control (10). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitungssystem 14, 21, 24) eine ein- und ausschaltbare Fördereinrichtung (15, 16) zum Umwälzen des Gases und eine regelbare Heizeinrichtung (18, 19, 20) enthält.Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the line system 14, 21, 24) contains a conveyor device (15, 16) which can be switched on and off for circulating the gas and a controllable heating device (18, 19, 20). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Leitungssystem (14, 21, 24) mit einer Zuleitung (12) für Frischluft und einer Ableitung für überschüssiges Gas versehen ist, die in gegenseitiger Abhängigkeit steuerbare Verschlußelemente (13, 25, 26) enthalten.Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the line system (14, 21, 24) is provided with a supply line (12) for fresh air and a discharge line for excess gas, the mutually dependent locking elements (13, 25, 26) included.
EP93112126A 1992-08-20 1993-07-29 Process and device for heating bulk goods to high temperature Expired - Lifetime EP0586864B1 (en)

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DE4227541A DE4227541A1 (en) 1992-08-20 1992-08-20 Method and device for heating bulk goods to high temperatures
DE4227541 1992-08-20

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EP0586864A2 true EP0586864A2 (en) 1994-03-16
EP0586864A3 EP0586864A3 (en) 1994-05-25
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH350248A (en) * 1957-03-13 1960-11-15 Buettner Werke Aktiengesellsch Device for drying specifically light goods, e.g. Wood chips
FR2144282A5 (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-02-09 Luwa Ag
US4058905A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-11-22 The Superior Oil Company Method for reducing residence time and eliminating gas leakage between zones in a cross-flow device for heating and cooling solids
EP0015109A1 (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-09-03 John Michael Chambers Drying process and apparatus therefor
EP0094448A1 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Kikkoman Corporation Method and apparatus for heat-treating powdered, granular and like materials
US4872954A (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-10-10 Hogan Jim S Apparatus for the treatment of waste

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH350248A (en) * 1957-03-13 1960-11-15 Buettner Werke Aktiengesellsch Device for drying specifically light goods, e.g. Wood chips
FR2144282A5 (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-02-09 Luwa Ag
US4058905A (en) * 1974-12-19 1977-11-22 The Superior Oil Company Method for reducing residence time and eliminating gas leakage between zones in a cross-flow device for heating and cooling solids
EP0015109A1 (en) * 1979-02-12 1980-09-03 John Michael Chambers Drying process and apparatus therefor
EP0094448A1 (en) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-23 Kikkoman Corporation Method and apparatus for heat-treating powdered, granular and like materials
US4872954A (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-10-10 Hogan Jim S Apparatus for the treatment of waste

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EP0586864A3 (en) 1994-05-25
EP0586864B1 (en) 1997-05-21
ES2105016T3 (en) 1997-10-16
DE59306502D1 (en) 1997-06-26
DE4227541A1 (en) 1994-02-24

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