EP0585432B1 - Filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine - Google Patents

Filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0585432B1
EP0585432B1 EP93905339A EP93905339A EP0585432B1 EP 0585432 B1 EP0585432 B1 EP 0585432B1 EP 93905339 A EP93905339 A EP 93905339A EP 93905339 A EP93905339 A EP 93905339A EP 0585432 B1 EP0585432 B1 EP 0585432B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
heating
heating loops
loops
channels
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP93905339A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0585432A1 (en
Inventor
Franz Pischinger
Gerhard Lepperhoff
Georg HÜTHWOHL
Rolf Backes
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FEV Europe GmbH
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FEV Motorentechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/10—Residue burned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter arrangement for removing soot particles from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Exhaust aftertreatment systems are known for reducing particle emissions, particularly in diesel engines. These usually consist of filter systems that retain and collect the particles present in the exhaust gas. The soot particles retained in the filter increase the flow resistance in the exhaust system, which increases the exhaust gas back pressure of the engine. This leads to an increase in fuel consumption and, in extreme cases, to engine shutdown. It is therefore necessary to remove the soot particles deposited in the filter, which can be done, for example, by oxidation at high temperatures.
  • honeycomb filters made of a porous ceramic material have proven to be expedient as filter bodies for the retention of the soot particles.
  • These honeycomb filters are formed by a large number of parallel filter channels, which are alternately closed on the gas inlet side and gas outlet side, so that the exhaust gases flow through the porous filter walls and the soot particles separate on the walls of the filter channels.
  • For Regeneration of the filter it is possible, for example, to increase the exhaust gas temperature to such an extent that the ignition temperature of the soot particles attached to the walls of the filter channels is reached and burn them. The temperatures required for this are not reached in the required frequency, at least in vehicle diesel engines, so that regeneration is not ensured.
  • Additional engine measures to increase the exhaust gas temperature can also be associated with a considerable increase in fuel consumption.
  • the use of additional energy, for example by additional burners to increase the exhaust gas temperature requires high performance and thus leads to an increase in the vehicle's energy consumption.
  • Energy-efficient regeneration can be achieved if the soot layer deposited on the filter body is ignited selectively by a brief supply of energy in the inlet area of the filter channels. The energy release during the soot combustion that then begins can lead to self-supporting soot combustion, since the heat released is greater than the heat dissipated.
  • resistance heating elements are provided on the inlet-side end face of the filter body, each with a supply line and a discharge line, which form heating zones for adjacent end face regions.
  • the size of the heating zone acted upon by the respective resistance heating element is determined by the electrical resistance of the heating element required for the heat release for a given wire cross-section and given wire material and the power of the existing power supply, in particular the existing vehicle alternator.
  • the division of the end face of the filter body into a corresponding number of heating zones enables practically all filter channels in the area heat their inlet opening despite the limitation of the available electrical power. This takes place in that the individual resistance heating elements are switched on and off again in succession via a switching device, so that the soot deposits in the filter channels of each heating zone are continuously burned off in a corresponding cycle.
  • the resistance heating elements are formed from at least one meandering wire, the loops of which are each inserted into an inlet opening of the filter channel.
  • the free ends of the meander are each connected via a connecting element to a feed line or discharge line which is guided at a distance over the end face of the filter body.
  • a connecting element to a feed line or discharge line which is guided at a distance over the end face of the filter body.
  • the invention has for its object to reliably prevent migration of the heating loops without additional brackets with low construction costs.
  • the object is achieved by the means of claim 1. Due to the positive connection provided according to the invention between the heating loops on the one hand and the walls of the filter channels of the filter body, on the other hand, the resistance heating elements are properly and reliably fixed to the filter body without additional fastening elements being required for this.
  • the flanks of heating loops are fixed by grooves in the filter channel and corresponding bulges of the heating loops in the area of their flanks. It can also be provided that the heating loops are fixed by grooves in the area of the filter face and corresponding bulges of the heating loops in the area of their flanks.
  • a further advantageous embodiment provides that the heating loops have barbs which inhibit the outward movement of the heating loops, and these barbs can be produced by appropriately bending the heating wire. It can also be advantageous that the roughness of the heating wire and / or the filter material is such that an outward movement of the heating loops is inhibited.
  • the filter material and the heating loops are positively connected by heating the heating conductor to the melting temperature of the ceramic material of the filter body.
  • the resistance heating element of a filter arrangement consists of a meandering heating conductor 1, the flanks 2 of which dip into the inlet opening of filter channels 5 of a filter body 6 designed as a honeycomb filter.
  • the flanks 2 are connected on the filter face or in the channel by cross connections 3, 4.
  • the exhaust gas flow flows through the filter channels 5 in the direction of arrow 7.
  • the heating conductor is shaped in such a way that no force can form on the filter face on the filter wall in the event of thermal expansion of the loops or in the event of vibrations.
  • barbs 8 are incorporated into the flanks 2 of the heating conductor 1. This has the effect that when the heating conductor 1 is stretched by electrical heating, the heating conductor 1 can migrate into the filter channel 5 in the direction of the exhaust gas flow 7. During the subsequent cooling, the length of the heating conductor 1 is shortened, and the barbs 8 pull the upper conductor region into the wall of the filter channel 5, so that an outward movement of the heating conductor 1 is prevented.
  • barbs 8 into the wire material can e.g. 3 by upsetting or knurling. It is also possible to incorporate micro scales using special surface processing.
  • micro scale structure 10 into the ceramic material 9 of the filter channel 5. This can be achieved by special shaping of the surface of the mouthpiece of the extrusion machine. It is also possible to introduce the micro scales by means of special particles which are added to the ceramic mass during the extrusion and which are washed out or melted out after the extrusion. During extrusion, these additional particles align on the surface in the direction of extrusion and thus generate the micro scales.
  • surface treatment of the heating conductor or the filter wall can produce a friction pairing which has a higher coefficient of friction in the direction of the filter face than in the immersion direction.
  • the frictional resistance of the filter material is e.g. influenced by special surface treatment of the extrusion tool.
  • the frictional resistance of the wire material is adjusted by applying barbs or using a suitable surface treatment (e.g. knurling).
  • the ceramic wall in the contact area with the heating conductor is adapted to its shape, so that positive connections are formed in the area of the barbs and the meander is fixed.
  • the channel cross section of the filter inlet channel 5 is narrowed on the inlet side by compressing the ceramic material before firing.
  • the shape of the heating conductor 11 is adapted to the shape of the filter wall.
  • the narrowing of the channel in the area of the filter face can e.g. by plastic deformation of the extruded filter blank before the actual firing process.
  • the heating conductor 11 is given a shape corresponding to the constriction in the region of the flank, as a result of which an additional force counteracts the migration of the heating conductor 11.
  • the flank 2 of the Heating conductor 12 additionally incorporated into the wall of the filter channel 5 by heating or vibration.
  • the meandering shape receives an additional nose 13 in the area of the loop on the filter inlet side.
  • the nose 13 of the flank 2 lies in a recess 14 in the channel wall. This prevents the meander from migrating.
  • the nose 13 of the flank 2 is bent such that the resistance to an outward movement of the heating loop out of the filter channel 5 is higher than the resistance against the heating loop being pushed into the filter channel 5. This is advantageous achieved a particularly secure locking of the heating loop.

Abstract

A filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, has at least one filtering unit (6) made of porous material and comprising filtering ducts (5) in a honeycomb configuration. A resistor-heating element (1) is respectively arranged in the vicinity of the inlet aperture of the filter ducts (5), which are open on the gas inlet side, and serves several inlet apertures; the said heating element protrudes into the filter ducts as a loop and is connected via feed and discharge lines to electrical power supply. To prevent the resistor heating elements (1) from coming adrift, the surface of the filter ducts (5) and the loop-shaped heating element (1) therein are designed in such a way that their resistance to any movement of the heating loops out of the filter duct (5) is at least as great as the resistance of the loops to being pushed into the duct (5).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Filteranordnung zum Entfernen von Rußpartikeln aus Abgasen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine insbesondere eines Dieselmotors, entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a filter arrangement for removing soot particles from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Verminderung der Partikelemission, insbesondere bei Dieselmotoren, sind Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme bekannt. Diese bestehen in der Regel aus Filtersystemen, die die im Abgas vorhandenen Partikel zurückhalten und sammeln. Die im Filter zurückgehaltenen Rußpartikel führen zu einer Erhöhung des Strömungswiderstandes im Abgassystem, wodurch der Abgasgegendruck des Motors ansteigt. Dies führt zu einer Erhöhung des Brennstoffverbrauchs und im Extremfall zum Motorstillstand. Deshalb ist es notwendig, die im Filter abgelagerten Rußpartikel zu beseitigen, was beispielsweise durch Oxidation bei hohen Temperaturen erfolgen kann.Exhaust aftertreatment systems are known for reducing particle emissions, particularly in diesel engines. These usually consist of filter systems that retain and collect the particles present in the exhaust gas. The soot particles retained in the filter increase the flow resistance in the exhaust system, which increases the exhaust gas back pressure of the engine. This leads to an increase in fuel consumption and, in extreme cases, to engine shutdown. It is therefore necessary to remove the soot particles deposited in the filter, which can be done, for example, by oxidation at high temperatures.

Als Filterkörper für den Rückhalt der Rußpartikel haben sich sogenannte Wabenfilter aus einem porösen keramischen Material als zweckmäßig erwiesen. Diese Wabenfilter werden durch eine Vielzahl paralleler Filterkanäle gebildet, die wechselweise gaseintrittsseitig und gasaustrittsseitig verschlossen sind, so daß die Abgase durch die porösen Filterwände strömen und sich hierbei die Rußpartikel auf den Wandungen der Filterkanäle abscheiden. Zur Regeneration des Filters ist es beispielsweise möglich., die Abgastemperatur so weit zu erhöhen, daß die Zündtemperatur der an den Wandungen der Filterkanäle angelagerten Rußpartikel erreicht wird und diese verbrennen. Die hierzu notwendigen Temperaturen werden zumindest bei Fahrzeug-Dieselmotoren nicht in der erforderlichen Häufigkeit erreicht, so daß die Regeneration nicht sichergstellt ist. Motorische Zusatzmaßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur können zudem mit einem erheblichen Kraftstoffmehrverbrauch verbunden sein. Auch der Einsatz von Zusatzenergie, beispielsweise durch Zusatzbrenner zur Erhöhung der Abgastemperatemperatur, erfordert hohe Leistungen und führt damit zu einer Erhöhung des Energieverbrauchs des Fahrzeugs.So-called honeycomb filters made of a porous ceramic material have proven to be expedient as filter bodies for the retention of the soot particles. These honeycomb filters are formed by a large number of parallel filter channels, which are alternately closed on the gas inlet side and gas outlet side, so that the exhaust gases flow through the porous filter walls and the soot particles separate on the walls of the filter channels. For Regeneration of the filter it is possible, for example, to increase the exhaust gas temperature to such an extent that the ignition temperature of the soot particles attached to the walls of the filter channels is reached and burn them. The temperatures required for this are not reached in the required frequency, at least in vehicle diesel engines, so that regeneration is not ensured. Additional engine measures to increase the exhaust gas temperature can also be associated with a considerable increase in fuel consumption. The use of additional energy, for example by additional burners to increase the exhaust gas temperature, requires high performance and thus leads to an increase in the vehicle's energy consumption.

Eine energiegünstige Regeneration kann erreicht werden, wenn die am Filterkörper abgelagerte Rußschicht im Eintrittsbereich der Filterkanäle durch eine kurzfristige Energiezufuhr punktuell entzündet wird. Die Energiefreisetzung bei der dann einsetzenden Rußverbrennung kann zu einem selbsttragenden Rußabbrand führen, da die freigesetzte Wärme größer ist als die abgeführte Wärme.Energy-efficient regeneration can be achieved if the soot layer deposited on the filter body is ignited selectively by a brief supply of energy in the inlet area of the filter channels. The energy release during the soot combustion that then begins can lead to self-supporting soot combustion, since the heat released is greater than the heat dissipated.

Hierzu sind an der eintrittsseitigen Stirnfläche des Filterkörpers jeweils mit Zuleitung und Ableitung versehene Widerstandsheizelemente angeordnet, die für aneinandergrenzende Stirnflächenbereiche Heizzonen bilden. Durch die Aufteilung der eintrittsseitigen Stirnfläche des Filterkörpers in mehrere Heizzonen ist es möglich, die hierfür erforderlichen Widerstandsheizelemente hinsichtlich der zur Erzeugung der Zündtemperatur erforderlichen elektrischen Energie an die Leistung der vorhandenen Fahrzeuglichtmaschine anzupassen. Die Größe der durch das jeweilige Widerstandsheizelement beaufschlagten Heizzone ist durch den für die Wärmefreisetzung erforderlichen elektrischen Widerstand des Heizelements bei gegebenem Drahtquerschnitt und gegebenem Drahtmaterial sowie die Leistung der vorhandenen Stromversorgung, insbesondere der vorhandenen Fahrzeuglichtmaschine, festgelegt. Die Aufteilung der Stirnfläche des Filterkörpers in eine entsprechende Zahl von Heizzonen ermöglicht es, praktisch alle Filterkanäle im Bereich ihrer Eintrittsöffnung trotz der Begrenzung der zur Verfügung stehenden elektrischen Leistung aufzuheizen. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß die einzelnen Widerstandsheizelemente über eine Schalteinrichtung nacheinander ein- und wieder ausgeschaltet werden, so daß in einem entsprechenden Zyklus fortlaufend die Rußablagerungen in den Filterkanälen jeder Heizzone abgebrannt werden.For this purpose, resistance heating elements are provided on the inlet-side end face of the filter body, each with a supply line and a discharge line, which form heating zones for adjacent end face regions. By dividing the end face of the filter body on the inlet side into a plurality of heating zones, it is possible to adapt the resistance heating elements required for this to the power of the existing vehicle alternator with regard to the electrical energy required to generate the ignition temperature. The size of the heating zone acted upon by the respective resistance heating element is determined by the electrical resistance of the heating element required for the heat release for a given wire cross-section and given wire material and the power of the existing power supply, in particular the existing vehicle alternator. The division of the end face of the filter body into a corresponding number of heating zones enables practically all filter channels in the area heat their inlet opening despite the limitation of the available electrical power. This takes place in that the individual resistance heating elements are switched on and off again in succession via a switching device, so that the soot deposits in the filter channels of each heating zone are continuously burned off in a corresponding cycle.

Die Widerstandsheizelemente sind aus wenigstens einem mäanderförmig gebogenen Draht gebildet, dessen Schlaufen jeweils in eine Eintritts öffnung des Filterkanals eingesteckt sind.The resistance heating elements are formed from at least one meandering wire, the loops of which are each inserted into an inlet opening of the filter channel.

Die freien Enden des Mäanders sind über ein Anschlußelement jeweils mit einer mit Abstand über die Stirnfläche des Filterkörpers geführten Zuleitung bzw. Ableitung verbunden. Eine derartige Ausgestaltung hat den Vorteil, daß durch die aus mehreren parallel zueinander verlaufenden Heizdrähten und der jeweils im Endbereich quer hierzu verlaufenden Zuleitung bzw. Ableitung ein stabiles Heizelement gebildet wird, das eine zuverlässige Positionierung der Heizdrähte an deren freien Enden ermöglicht.The free ends of the meander are each connected via a connecting element to a feed line or discharge line which is guided at a distance over the end face of the filter body. Such an embodiment has the advantage that a stable heating element is formed by a plurality of heating wires running parallel to one another and the supply line or discharge line running transversely in the end region, which enables reliable positioning of the heating wires at their free ends.

Durch Erschütterungen sowie thermische Dehnung ist es jedoch möglich, daß die Mäander aus den Kanälen herauswandern. Hierdurch ist eine zuverlässige Dauerhaltbarkeit des Systems nicht mehr gegeben. Zusätzliche Halterungen und/oder Abdeckscheiben, wie in DE-OS 37 12 333 beschrieben, haben den Nachteil eines höheren Bauaufwandes.However, due to vibrations and thermal expansion, it is possible for the meanders to migrate out of the channels. As a result, the system no longer has a reliable durability. Additional brackets and / or cover plates, as described in DE-OS 37 12 333, have the disadvantage of higher construction costs.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Auswandern der Heizschlaufen ohne zusätzliche Halterungen bei niedrigem Bauaufwand zuverlässig zu vermeiden.The invention has for its object to reliably prevent migration of the heating loops without additional brackets with low construction costs.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe mit den Mitteln des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Formschluß zwischen den Heizschlaufen einerseits und den Wandungen der Filterkanäle des Filterkörpers andererseits ergibt sich eine einwandfreie und zuverlässige Fixierung der Widerstandsheizelemente am Filterkörper, ohne daß es hierzu zusätzlicher Befestigungselemente bedarf.According to the invention, the object is achieved by the means of claim 1. Due to the positive connection provided according to the invention between the heating loops on the one hand and the walls of the filter channels of the filter body, on the other hand, the resistance heating elements are properly and reliably fixed to the filter body without additional fastening elements being required for this.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Flanken von Heizschlaufen durch Nuten im Filterkanal und entsprechende Auswölbungen der Heizschlaufen im Bereich ihrer Flanken fixiert. Auch kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Heizschlaufen durch Nuten im Bereich der Filterstirnfläche und entsprechende Auswölbungen der Heizschlaufen im Bereich ihrer Flanken fixiert sind.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flanks of heating loops are fixed by grooves in the filter channel and corresponding bulges of the heating loops in the area of their flanks. It can also be provided that the heating loops are fixed by grooves in the area of the filter face and corresponding bulges of the heating loops in the area of their flanks.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildung sieht vor, daß die Heizschlaufen die Auswärtsbewegung der Heizschlaufen hemmende Widerhaken aufweisen, und diese Widerhaken können durch entsprechendes Biegen des Heizdrahtes erzeugt sein. Auch kann es vorteilhaft sein, daß die Rauheit des Heizdrahtes und/oder des Filtermaterials derart beschaffen ist, daß eine Auswärtsbewegung der Heizschlaufen gehemmt ist.A further advantageous embodiment provides that the heating loops have barbs which inhibit the outward movement of the heating loops, and these barbs can be produced by appropriately bending the heating wire. It can also be advantageous that the roughness of the heating wire and / or the filter material is such that an outward movement of the heating loops is inhibited.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß das Filtermaterial und die Heizschlaufen durch Aufheizen des Heizleiters auf die Schmelztemperatur des keramischen Materials des Filterkörpers formschlüssig verbunden sind.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the filter material and the heating loops are positively connected by heating the heating conductor to the melting temperature of the ceramic material of the filter body.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous refinements are specified in the subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 im Teillängsschnitt und in vergrößerter Darstellung eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt nach der Linie A-A der Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht eines Teiles eines Heizleiters.
  • Fig. 4 in vergrößerter Darstellung einen Teilschnitt der Filteranordnung und in Seitenansicht einen Teil eines Heizleiters.
  • Fig. 5-7 im Teillängsschnitt weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 in partial longitudinal section and in an enlarged view a first embodiment of the invention.
  • 2 shows a cross section along the line AA of FIG. 1st
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view of part of a heating conductor.
  • Fig. 4 in an enlarged view a partial section of the filter arrangement and in side view a part of a heating conductor.
  • Fig. 5-7 in partial longitudinal section further embodiments of the invention.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, besteht das Widerstandsheizelement einer Filteranordnung gemäß der Erfindung aus einem mäanderförmig gebogenen Heizleiter 1, dessen Flanken 2 in die Eintrittsöffnung von Filterkanälen 5 eines als Wabenfilter ausgebildeten Filterkörpers 6 eintauchen. Die Flanken 2 sind auf der Filterstirnfläche bzw. im Kanal durch Querverbindungen 3, 4 verbunden. Die Filterkanäle 5 werden vom Abgasstrom in Richtung des Pfeiles 7 durchströmt.As shown in FIG. 1, the resistance heating element of a filter arrangement according to the invention consists of a meandering heating conductor 1, the flanks 2 of which dip into the inlet opening of filter channels 5 of a filter body 6 designed as a honeycomb filter. The flanks 2 are connected on the filter face or in the channel by cross connections 3, 4. The exhaust gas flow flows through the filter channels 5 in the direction of arrow 7.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der Heizleiter derart geformt, daß sich bei thermischer Dehnung der Schlaufen oder bei Schwingungen keine Kraft zur Filterstirnfläche auf der Filterwand ausbilden kann. In die Flanken 2 des Heizleiters 1 sind hierfür Widerhaken 8 eingearbeitet. Dies bewirkt, daß bei Dehnung des Heizleiters 1 durch elektrisches Aufheizen der Heizleiter 1 in Richtung der Abgasströmung 7 in den Filterkanal 5 einwandern kann. Bei dem anschließenden Abkühlen verkürzt sich die Länge des Heizleiters 1, und durch die Widerhaken 8 wird der obere Leiterbereich in die Wandung des Filterkanals 5 hineingezogen, so daß eine Auswärtsbewegung des Heizleiters 1 verhindert wird.According to the invention, the heating conductor is shaped in such a way that no force can form on the filter face on the filter wall in the event of thermal expansion of the loops or in the event of vibrations. For this purpose barbs 8 are incorporated into the flanks 2 of the heating conductor 1. This has the effect that when the heating conductor 1 is stretched by electrical heating, the heating conductor 1 can migrate into the filter channel 5 in the direction of the exhaust gas flow 7. During the subsequent cooling, the length of the heating conductor 1 is shortened, and the barbs 8 pull the upper conductor region into the wall of the filter channel 5, so that an outward movement of the heating conductor 1 is prevented.

Die Einarbeitung der Widerhaken 8 in das Drahtmaterial kann z.B. entsprechend der Darstellung in Fig. 3 durch Stauchen oder aber auch durch Rändeln erfolgen. Auch möglich ist das Einarbeiten von Mikroschuppen durch spezielle Oberflächenbearbeitung.The incorporation of barbs 8 into the wire material can e.g. 3 by upsetting or knurling. It is also possible to incorporate micro scales using special surface processing.

Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, ist es ausschließlich oder zusätzlich möglich, eine Mikroschuppenstruktur 10 in das keramische Material 9 des Filterkanals 5 einzuarbeiten. Dies kann durch spezielle Ausformung der Oberfläche des Mundstückes der Extrudiermaschine erreicht werden. Auch ist die Einbringung der Mikroschuppen durch spezielle Teilchen möglich, die der keramischen Masse beim Extrudieren zugesetzt werden und die nach dem Extrudieren ausgewaschen oder ausgeschmolzen werden. Während des Extrudierens richten sich diese Zusatzteilchen auf der Oberfläche in Extrudierrichtung aus und erzeugen so die Mikroschuppen.4 shows, it is only or additionally possible to incorporate a micro scale structure 10 into the ceramic material 9 of the filter channel 5. This can be achieved by special shaping of the surface of the mouthpiece of the extrusion machine. It is also possible to introduce the micro scales by means of special particles which are added to the ceramic mass during the extrusion and which are washed out or melted out after the extrusion. During extrusion, these additional particles align on the surface in the direction of extrusion and thus generate the micro scales.

Im Bereich der Flanke 2 des Heizleiters 1 kann durch Oberflächenbehandlung des Heizleiters oder der Filterwand eine Reibpaarung erzeugt werden, die in Richtung Filterstirnfläche einen höheren Reibungsbeiwert aufweist als in Eintauchrichtung. Der Reibungswiderstand des Filtermaterials wird hierbei z.B. durch spezielle Oberflächenbehandlung des Extrudierwerkzeuges beeinflußt. Der Reibungswiderstand des Drahtmaterials wird durch Aufbringen von Widerhaken oder entsprechende Oberflächenbehandlung (z.B. Rändeln) eingestellt.In the area of the flank 2 of the heating conductor 1, surface treatment of the heating conductor or the filter wall can produce a friction pairing which has a higher coefficient of friction in the direction of the filter face than in the immersion direction. The frictional resistance of the filter material is e.g. influenced by special surface treatment of the extrusion tool. The frictional resistance of the wire material is adjusted by applying barbs or using a suitable surface treatment (e.g. knurling).

Auch ist es möglich, den Draht nach Montage im Filterkanal auf eine Temperatur im Schmelzbereich der Keramik aufzuheizen. Hierbei wird die Keramikwand im Kontaktbereich mit dem Heizleiter an dessen Form angepaßt, so daß im Bereich der Widerhaken formschlüssige Verbindungen entstehen und der Mäander fixiert wird.It is also possible to heat the wire to a temperature in the melting range of the ceramic after installation in the filter channel. Here, the ceramic wall in the contact area with the heating conductor is adapted to its shape, so that positive connections are formed in the area of the barbs and the meander is fixed.

Wie Fig. 5 zeigt, ist der Kanalquerschnitt des Filtereintrittskanals 5 eintrittsseitig durch Stauchen des keramischen Materials vor dem Brennen verengt. Die Form des Heizleiters 11 ist an die Form der Filterwandung angepaßt. Die Verengung des Kanals im Bereich der Filterstirnfläche kann z.B. durch plastische Verformung des extrudierten Filterrohlings vor dem eigentlichen Brennprozeß erfolgen. Der Heizleiter 11 erhält im Bereich der Flanke eine zu der Verengung korrespondierende Form, wodurch dem Auswandern des Heizleiters 11 eine zusätzliche Kraft entgegenwirkt.5 shows, the channel cross section of the filter inlet channel 5 is narrowed on the inlet side by compressing the ceramic material before firing. The shape of the heating conductor 11 is adapted to the shape of the filter wall. The narrowing of the channel in the area of the filter face can e.g. by plastic deformation of the extruded filter blank before the actual firing process. The heating conductor 11 is given a shape corresponding to the constriction in the region of the flank, as a result of which an additional force counteracts the migration of the heating conductor 11.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 6 ist die Fianke 2 des Heizleiters 12 zusätzlich durch Aufheizen oder Vibration in die Wand des Filterkanals 5 eingearbeitet.6, the flank 2 of the Heating conductor 12 additionally incorporated into the wall of the filter channel 5 by heating or vibration.

Die Mäanderform erhält hierzu eine zusätzliche Nase 13 im Bereich der filtereintrittsseitigen Schlaufe. Die Nase 13 der Flanke 2 liegt in einer Vertiefung 14 der Kanalwand. Ein Auswandern des Mäanders ist hierdurch unterbunden.For this purpose, the meandering shape receives an additional nose 13 in the area of the loop on the filter inlet side. The nose 13 of the flank 2 lies in a recess 14 in the channel wall. This prevents the meander from migrating.

Bei der in Fig. 7 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Nase 13 der Flanke 2 derart gebogen, daß der Widerstand gegen eine Auswärtsbewegung der Heizschlaufe aus dem Filterkanal 5 höher ist als der Widerstand gegen das Einschieben der Heizschlaufe in den Filterkanal 5. Hierdurch ist in vorteilhafter Weise eine besonders sichere Arretierung der Heizschlaufe erreicht.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, the nose 13 of the flank 2 is bent such that the resistance to an outward movement of the heating loop out of the filter channel 5 is higher than the resistance against the heating loop being pushed into the filter channel 5. This is advantageous achieved a particularly secure locking of the heating loop.

Claims (8)

  1. A filter arrangement for removing soot particles from exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, particularly a diesel engine, having at least one filter body (6) consisting of a porous filter material and formed by filter channels (5) in a honeycomb arrangement in relation to each other, wherein a resistance heating element (1) in the form of heating loops and which is associated with a plurality of inlet openings is disposed in the region of each of the inlet openings of the filter channels (5), which are open on the gas inlet side, which resistance element dips into the filter channels (5) and is connected to a power supply via a supply line and a return line, characterised in that the heating loops are attached to the walls of the filter channels (5) with a positive fit, wherein the surface of the filter channels (5) on the one hand and the heating loops of the heating elements (1) which dip into the filter channels (5) on the other hand are constructed in such a way that the resistance to an outward movement of the heating loops from the filter channel (5) is at least as large as the resistance to the insertion of the heating loops into the filter channel (5).
  2. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of filter channels (5) is narrowed on the inlet side.
  3. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the flanks (2) of heating loops are fixed by grooves (14) in the filter channel (5) and by corresponding arched protrusions (13) of the heating loops in the region of their flanks (2).
  4. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the heating loops are fixed by grooves in the inlet region of the filter channels (5) and by corresponding arched protrusions (13) of the heating loops in the region of their flanks (2).
  5. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the heating loops have barbs (8) which impede the outward movement of the heating loops.
  6. A filter arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the barbs (8) are produced by bending the heater wire.
  7. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the roughness of the surface of the heater conductor (1) on the one hand and the roughness of the filter material on the other hand is constituted in such a way that an outward movement of the heating loops is impeded in the manner of a positive fit.
  8. A filter arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the filter material and the heating loops are positively attached by heating the heater conductor to the melting temperature of the ceramic material of the filter body.
EP93905339A 1992-03-21 1993-03-11 Filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0585432B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4209213 1992-03-21
DE4209213A DE4209213A1 (en) 1992-03-21 1992-03-21 FILTER ARRANGEMENT FOR REMOVING SOOT PARTICLES FROM EXHAUST GASES FROM AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
PCT/EP1993/000553 WO1993019288A1 (en) 1992-03-21 1993-03-11 Filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine

Publications (2)

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EP0585432A1 EP0585432A1 (en) 1994-03-09
EP0585432B1 true EP0585432B1 (en) 1996-02-14

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EP93905339A Expired - Lifetime EP0585432B1 (en) 1992-03-21 1993-03-11 Filtering system for removing soot particles from the exhaust gas of a combustion engine

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EP (1) EP0585432B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4209213A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993019288A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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US5472462A (en) 1995-12-05
WO1993019288A1 (en) 1993-09-30
EP0585432A1 (en) 1994-03-09
DE59301627D1 (en) 1996-03-28
DE4209213A1 (en) 1993-09-23

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