EP0543075A1 - Electrical heating element for a soot filter - Google Patents
Electrical heating element for a soot filter Download PDFInfo
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- EP0543075A1 EP0543075A1 EP92101593A EP92101593A EP0543075A1 EP 0543075 A1 EP0543075 A1 EP 0543075A1 EP 92101593 A EP92101593 A EP 92101593A EP 92101593 A EP92101593 A EP 92101593A EP 0543075 A1 EP0543075 A1 EP 0543075A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- rows
- openings
- row
- sheet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/16—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric heating element of a soot filter for the exhaust gases of a diesel engine with a filter body, to which the heating element can be applied in order to heat the filter body through which exhaust gases flow for regeneration to a temperature at which soot particles of the exhaust gas burn,
- the heating element essentially is formed cylindrically from sheet metal, with openings in the sheet extending along a main opening direction being aligned in rows in the opening direction and being offset from row to row, and wherein the heating element has at least two spaced-apart power connection elements, each extending in a connection direction, which in the are oriented essentially parallel to each other.
- connection direction of the power connection elements is understood to mean the main direction in which these power connection elements extend, that is to say, in the case of the strip-shaped connection elements known in particular, the longitudinal direction of the strips.
- the transition of the current paths between such a power connection element and the sheet metal of the heating element is approximately at right angles to the connection direction defined above.
- Known electrical heating elements of this type are intended to heat the associated filter body on which they are arranged uniformly and high enough so that the soot particles that have accumulated in the filter body are as safe as possible at any point on the filter body, in particular also in the vicinity of its outlet end burn.
- the temperature of the heating element should not be too high at any point because this quickly destroys the heating element and possibly also the surface areas of the filter body Consequence, which are applied to the heating element.
- heating elements which consist of an expanded metal or a perforated plate, apart from other constructions made of wires (EP 0 275 372 B1).
- these known heating elements can be designed as closed cylinders or open cylinders along the jacket.
- the casing consists of a perforated plate, the holes are round and therefore do not have any particular opening direction. They are arranged in the sheet so that each hole is at the same distance from the holes adjacent to it. In this respect, too, no preferred direction is defined.
- the individual current paths when this is connected to a voltage, are approximately triangular and relatively short. The current paths are very uneven in cross section, which results in a higher temperature in some areas.
- the relatively short current paths correspond to a relatively low specific surface resistance, from which the requirement for a relatively thin sheet is derived in order to adapt the electrical resistance to the on-board voltage and the required power of the heating element.
- the lifespan is therefore not as long as is desirable in many cases.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an electrical heating element with which a relatively high specific surface resistance is achieved, so that the material thickness can be selected relatively large to achieve a long life of the heating element.
- the heating element should be designed so that uniform heating by Joule heat occurs, which is also conducive to a long service life with good soot combustion over the entire area of the heating element.
- This object is achieved in that the openings arranged in rows in the heating element are oriented essentially parallel to the connection direction. This results in a current distribution with approximately sinusoidal current paths, which are relatively long, as a result of the known offset of the openings of adjacent rows. This means a high specific surface resistance, which enables the use of thick sheet metal for the heating element, which therefore also has a long service life.
- the power connection elements and the openings arranged in rows which are oriented in the main opening direction and are offset from one another from row to row, can be arranged in the circumferential direction of the heating element.
- the power connection elements preferably enclose the ends of the heating elements, which are designed as closed cylinders could be. With the usual main dimensions of the heating element - length greater than diameter times ⁇ - the greatest surface resistances can be achieved.
- the power connection elements and the openings arranged in rows which in turn are oriented in the main opening direction, can be oriented in the axial direction of the heating element.
- the axial direction here means a direction parallel to the main axis of the cylindrical heating element.
- These heating elements have an open cylindrical shape, which therefore has a non-electrically conductive recess in the axial direction, the power connection elements being arranged parallel to the recess at the adjacent material ends.
- both of the above-mentioned variants can be carried out both with a perforated plate, the perforated plate having elongated holes as openings which extend in the main opening direction, as well as with rows of approximately diamond-shaped openings which also extend with their main opening direction in the direction of a row.
- the version with diamond-shaped openings which can consist in particular of expanded material, does not have a quite as favorable specific surface resistance as the version with a perforated plate from which elongated holes are punched out of approximately constant width.
- the stamped sheet metal design i.e. Perforated plate has the additional advantage that no connection strip needs to be soldered on.
- the electrical heating element can be dimensioned particularly advantageously according to claim 5 so that webs in the sheet of the heating element are arranged between two in a row Openings are approximately twice as long as a width of material between the rows of openings. This results in an almost uniform current density over the effective area of the perforated plate, with the result of soot combustion at all points and a long service life.
- the width of the current paths between the adjacent openings of a row and in the material from row to row with respect to the inside width of the holes can be varied so that the desired total resistance of the electrical heating element is achieved with given dimensions of the filter, and also a required dimension of the passage area of the exhaust gas can be taken into account.
- connection elements 3 which are connected to the perforated plate in an electrically conductive manner.
- the connection elements extend in connection directions (arrows) 5 and 6 along the cylinder circumference.
- the perforated plate 2 also has elongated holes oriented in the circumferential direction, e.g. 7, which are arranged in parallel rows 8-11, the illustration in the drawing being incomplete.
- the entire perforated plate between the connections 3 and 4 is provided with such elongated holes.
- the rows of elongated holes are also oriented in the main opening direction, one of which is designated by 12 (arrow). It is essential that the main opening direction, the direction of the rows of holes and the connection directions of the connection elements 4 and 5 run parallel to one another. It is also important for the desired current profile that the elongated holes of the successive rows of holes are offset from one another in the circumferential direction, as can be seen from the illustration of the rows of holes 8-11.
- Current paths 13, 14 then appear, which are indicated by broken lines. The current paths run approximately sinusoidally and are particularly long compared to the extent of the heating element 1 in the axial direction.
- FIG. 1 shows sizes for a preferred dimensioning of the rows of elongated holes in the perforated plate, although the perforated plate shown is not designed according to the preferred dimensioning.
- a dimensioning is preferred that webs, for example web 15, between two openings arranged in a row have a length a which is approximately twice as large as a width b2 of the material of the heating element between two successive rows of holes, here rows of holes 9 and 10.
- the paths of the current paths for example 13, 14, have approximately the same electrical resistance everywhere, so that a uniform development of Joule heat occurs when a voltage is applied to the connections 3 and 4 .
- the length 1 of the elongated holes also goes into the dimensioning of the heating element with regard to its total resistance given the external dimensions of the heating element. The latter also influences the passage area of the filter, not shown in the rest, of which the heating element is a part, for exhaust gases flowing through.
- the thickness of the perforated plate is not shown, but it is relatively large because of the large specific surface resistance of the perforated plate, which ensures a long service life.
- the heating element is generally designated 16. It consists of a perforated plate 17 shaped as an open cylinder, which is therefore not closed in the region of a recess 18. Parallel to the recess in connection directions 19, 20, the heating element has long connection elements 21, 22 which are parallel to one another.
- the elongated holes, e.g. 24, are arranged offset in rows parallel to one another, the rows extending in the main opening direction being designated by 25, 26. The further rows of elongated holes are not shown in FIG. 2.
- webs which are not designated here, can also exist between elongated holes in a row with respect to a width of the material which lies between two adjacent ones Row of holes stands, be dimensioned so that the same electrical resistances are set along current paths not shown here.
- the current paths are long compared to the circumference of the non-closed cylinder, which is formed by the perforated plate 17.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show heating elements 27, 28 with diamond-shaped openings, here made of expanded metal 29, 30. Openings, e.g. 31, 32 of the expanded metal are arranged offset in adjacent rows, in such a way that main opening directions 33, 34 in turn run parallel to connection directions 35, 36 of strip-shaped connection elements 37, 38 and 39, 40, respectively.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Heizelement eines Rußfilters für die Abgase eines Dieselmotors mit einem Filterkörper, auf welchen das Heizelement aufbringbar ist, um den von Abgasen durchströmten Filterkörper zur Regeneration auf eine Temperatur zu erwärmen, bei der Rußteilchen des Abgases verbrennen, wobei das Heizelement im wesentlichen zylindrisch aus Blech ausgebildet ist, wobei in dem Blech sich längs einer Öffnungshauptrichtung erstreckende Öffnungen in Öffnungsrichtung reihenweise ausgerichtet sind und von Reihe zu Reihe gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet sind und wobei das Heizelement wenigstens zwei voneinander entfernte, sich in je einer Anschlußrichtung erstreckende Stromanschlußelemente aufweist, die im wesentlichen parallel zueinander orientiert sind.The invention relates to an electric heating element of a soot filter for the exhaust gases of a diesel engine with a filter body, to which the heating element can be applied in order to heat the filter body through which exhaust gases flow for regeneration to a temperature at which soot particles of the exhaust gas burn, the heating element essentially is formed cylindrically from sheet metal, with openings in the sheet extending along a main opening direction being aligned in rows in the opening direction and being offset from row to row, and wherein the heating element has at least two spaced-apart power connection elements, each extending in a connection direction, which in the are oriented essentially parallel to each other.
Es sei an dieser Stelle bemerkt, daß unter der Anschlußrichtung der Stromanschlußelemente die Hauptrichtung verstanden wird, in der sich diese Stromanschlußelemente erstrecken, bei den insbesondere bekannten streifenförmigen Anschlußelementen also die Längsrichtung der Streifen. Der Übergang der Strompfade zwischen einem derartigen Stromanschlußelement und dem Blech des Heizelements ist annähernd rechtwinklig zu der voranstehend definierten Anschlußrichtung.It should be noted at this point that the connection direction of the power connection elements is understood to mean the main direction in which these power connection elements extend, that is to say, in the case of the strip-shaped connection elements known in particular, the longitudinal direction of the strips. The transition of the current paths between such a power connection element and the sheet metal of the heating element is approximately at right angles to the connection direction defined above.
Derartige bekannte elektrische Heizelemente sollen den zugehörigen Filterkörper, an dem sie angeordnet sind, gleichmäßig und hoch genug erwärmen, um die Rußteilchen, die sich in dem Filterkörper angesammelt haben, möglichst an jeder Stelle des Filterkörpers, insbesondere auch in der Nähe dessen Austrittsendes, sicher zu verbrennen. Andererseits soll jedoch die Temperatur des Heizelements an keiner Stelle zu hoch sein, weil dies eine rasche Zerstörung des Heizelements und unter Umständen auch der Flächenbereiche des Filterkörpers zur Folge hätte, die an dem Heizelement anliegen. Außerdem ist es wünschenswert, die Summe der Öffnungsflächen in dem Filterkörper genügend groß zu gestalten, damit ein Rückstau des Abgases zum Dieselmotor nicht zu hoch wird. Mit anderen Worten, es wird ein bestimmter Durchlaßgrad des Heizelements gefordert.Known electrical heating elements of this type are intended to heat the associated filter body on which they are arranged uniformly and high enough so that the soot particles that have accumulated in the filter body are as safe as possible at any point on the filter body, in particular also in the vicinity of its outlet end burn. On the other hand, however, the temperature of the heating element should not be too high at any point because this quickly destroys the heating element and possibly also the surface areas of the filter body Consequence, which are applied to the heating element. In addition, it is desirable to make the sum of the opening areas in the filter body large enough so that a backflow of the exhaust gas to the diesel engine does not become too high. In other words, a certain degree of transmittance of the heating element is required.
Im einzelnen bekannt sind Heizelemente, die aus einem Streckmetall oder einem Lochblech bestehen, abgesehen von anderen Konstruktionen aus Drähten (EP 0 275 372 B1). Im einzelnen können diese bekannten Heizelemente als längs des Mantels geschlossener Zylinder oder offener Zylinder ausgebildet sein. Wenn der Mantel aus einem Lochblech besteht, sind die Löcher rund, haben also keine bestimmte Öffnungshauptrichtung. Sie sind in dem Blech so angeordnet, daß jedes Loch zu den ihm benachbarten Löchern gleiche Abstände aufweist. Auch insofern ist keine Vorzugsrichtung definiert. Infolge dieser Ausbildung und Anordnung der Löcher in dem bekannten Lochblech sind die einzelnen Strompfade, wenn dieses an eine Spannung gelegt wird, annähernd dreieckförmig und relativ kurz. Die Strompfade sind im Querschnitt sehr ungleichmäßig, woraus sich eine stellenweise höhere Temperatur ergibt. Den verhältnismäßig kurzen Strompfaden entspricht ein verhältnismäßig niedriger spezifischer Flächenwiderstand, woraus sich zur Anpassung des elektrischen Widerstands an die Bordspannung und die erforderliche Leistung des Heizelements die Forderung nach einem verhältnismäßig dünnen Blech ableitet. Dessen Lebensdauer ist deswegen nicht so hoch, wie dies in vielen Fällen wünschenswert ist.In particular, heating elements are known which consist of an expanded metal or a perforated plate, apart from other constructions made of wires (EP 0 275 372 B1). In particular, these known heating elements can be designed as closed cylinders or open cylinders along the jacket. If the casing consists of a perforated plate, the holes are round and therefore do not have any particular opening direction. They are arranged in the sheet so that each hole is at the same distance from the holes adjacent to it. In this respect, too, no preferred direction is defined. As a result of this design and arrangement of the holes in the known perforated plate, the individual current paths, when this is connected to a voltage, are approximately triangular and relatively short. The current paths are very uneven in cross section, which results in a higher temperature in some areas. The relatively short current paths correspond to a relatively low specific surface resistance, from which the requirement for a relatively thin sheet is derived in order to adapt the electrical resistance to the on-board voltage and the required power of the heating element. The lifespan is therefore not as long as is desirable in many cases.
Bekannt ist es auch, als Blech des elektrischen Heizelements ein Streckmetall einzusetzen, welches nach Streckung annähernd rombusförmige Öffnungen aufweist. Die Öffnungen verlaufen reihenweise jeweils in Öffnungshauptrichtung und von Reihe zu Reihe gegeneinander versetzt. Da davon ausgegangen werden muß, daß die Öffnungshauptrichtungen in axialer Richtung des Heizelements und die Anschlußrichtungen rechtwinklig dazu in Umfangsrichtung verlaufen, sind die Strompfade verhältnismäßig kurz, woraus sich wiederum ein verhältnismäßig geringer Flächenwiderstand ergibt, der eine geringe Materialstärke bedingt.It is also known to use an expanded metal as the sheet metal of the electrical heating element, which after stretching has approximately diamond-shaped openings. The openings run in rows in the main opening direction and offset from row to row. Since it is assumed must that the main opening directions in the axial direction of the heating element and the connection directions perpendicular to it in the circumferential direction, the current paths are relatively short, which in turn results in a relatively low surface resistance, which requires a low material thickness.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein elektrisches Heizelement zu schaffen, mit dem ein verhältnismäßig hoher spezifischer Flächenwiderstand erreicht wird, so daß zur Erzielung einer langen Lebensdauer des Heizelements dessen Materialstärke verhältnismäßig groß gewählt werden kann. Darüber hinaus soll das Heizelement so ausgebildet sein, daß eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung durch Joule'sche Wärme eintritt, was ebenfalls einer langen Lebensdauer bei guter Rußverbrennung über die Gesamtfläche des Heizelements dienlich ist.The present invention has for its object to provide an electrical heating element with which a relatively high specific surface resistance is achieved, so that the material thickness can be selected relatively large to achieve a long life of the heating element. In addition, the heating element should be designed so that uniform heating by Joule heat occurs, which is also conducive to a long service life with good soot combustion over the entire area of the heating element.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen in dem Heizelement im wesentlichen parallel zu der Anschlußrichtung orientiert sind. Daraus ergibt sich infolge des an sich bekannten Versatzes der Öffnungen einander benachbarter Reihen eine Stromverteilung mit annähernd sinusförmigen Strompfaden, die verhältnismäßig lang sind. Dies bedeutet einen hohen spezifischen Flächenwiderstand, der den Einsatz dicken Blechs für das Heizelement ermöglicht, welches damit auch insofern eine hohe Lebensdauer hat.This object is achieved in that the openings arranged in rows in the heating element are oriented essentially parallel to the connection direction. This results in a current distribution with approximately sinusoidal current paths, which are relatively long, as a result of the known offset of the openings of adjacent rows. This means a high specific surface resistance, which enables the use of thick sheet metal for the heating element, which therefore also has a long service life.
Im einzelnen können die Stromanschlußelemente und die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen, die in Öffnungshauptrichtung orientiert sind und von Reihe zu Reihe gegeneinander versetzt sind, in Umfangsrichtung des Heizelements angeordnet sein. Dabei umschließen die Stromanschlußelemente vorzugsweise die Enden der Heizelemente, die als geschlossene Zylinder ausgebildet sein können. Damit können bei üblichen Kauptabmessungen des Heizelements - Länge größer als Durchmesser mal π - die größten Flächenwiderstände erzielt werden.In detail, the power connection elements and the openings arranged in rows, which are oriented in the main opening direction and are offset from one another from row to row, can be arranged in the circumferential direction of the heating element. The power connection elements preferably enclose the ends of the heating elements, which are designed as closed cylinders could be. With the usual main dimensions of the heating element - length greater than diameter times π - the greatest surface resistances can be achieved.
In einer anderen Variante können aber die Stromanschlußelemente und die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen, die wiederum in Öffnungshauptrichtung ausgerichtet sind, in axialer Richtung des Heizelements orientiert sein. Unter axialer Richtung wird hier eine Richtung parallel zur Hauptachse des zylindrischen Heizelements verstanden. Diese Heizelemente weisen eine offene zylindrische Form auf, die also eine nicht elektrisch leitende Aussparung in axialer Richtung hat, wobei parallel zu der Aussparung an den angrenzenden Materialenden die Stromanschlußelemente angeordnet sind.In another variant, however, the power connection elements and the openings arranged in rows, which in turn are oriented in the main opening direction, can be oriented in the axial direction of the heating element. The axial direction here means a direction parallel to the main axis of the cylindrical heating element. These heating elements have an open cylindrical shape, which therefore has a non-electrically conductive recess in the axial direction, the power connection elements being arranged parallel to the recess at the adjacent material ends.
Beide voranstehend genannten Varianten können sowohl mit einem Lochblech ausgeführt werden, wobei das Lochblech Langlöcher als Öffnungen aufweist, die sich in Öffnungshauptrichtung erstrecken, als auch mit reihenweise angeordneten, annähernd rombusförmigen Öffnungen, die sich ebenfalls mit ihrer Öffnungshauptrichtung in Richtung einer Reihe erstrecken. Die Ausführung mit rombusförmigen Öffnungen, die insbesondere aus Streckmaterial bestehen kann, hat allerdings keinen ganz so günstigen spezifischen Flächenwiderstand wie die Ausführung mit einem Lochblech, aus welchem Langlöcher annähernd konstanter Breite ausgestanzt sind.Both of the above-mentioned variants can be carried out both with a perforated plate, the perforated plate having elongated holes as openings which extend in the main opening direction, as well as with rows of approximately diamond-shaped openings which also extend with their main opening direction in the direction of a row. However, the version with diamond-shaped openings, which can consist in particular of expanded material, does not have a quite as favorable specific surface resistance as the version with a perforated plate from which elongated holes are punched out of approximately constant width.
Die Ausführung aus gestanztem Blech, d.h. Lochblech, hat den zusätzlichen Vorteil, daß kein Anschlußstreifen angelötet zu werden braucht.The stamped sheet metal design, i.e. Perforated plate has the additional advantage that no connection strip needs to be soldered on.
Das elektrische Heizelement kann besonders vorteilhaft gemäß Anspruch 5 so dimensioniert werden, daß Stege in dem Blech des Heizelements zwischen je zwei in einer Reihe angeordneten Öffnungen etwa doppelt so lang sind wie eine Materialbreite zwischen den Reihen der Öffnungen. Damit wird eine fast gleichmäßige Stromdichte über der wirksamen Fläche des Lochblechs erzielt, mit der Folge einer an allen Stellen guten Rußverbrennung und einer hohen Lebensdauer.The electrical heating element can be dimensioned particularly advantageously according to claim 5 so that webs in the sheet of the heating element are arranged between two in a row Openings are approximately twice as long as a width of material between the rows of openings. This results in an almost uniform current density over the effective area of the perforated plate, with the result of soot combustion at all points and a long service life.
Im übrigen kann die Breite der Strompfade zwischen den benachbarten Öffnungen einer Reihe und in dem Material zwischen Reihe zu Reihe in Bezug auf die lichte Weite der Löcher so variiert werden, daß der gewünschte Gesamtwiderstand des elektrischen Heizelements bei vorgegebenen Abmessungen des Filters erreicht wird, wobei außerdem ein gefordertes Maß der Durchtrittsfläche des Abgases berücksichtigt werden kann.Incidentally, the width of the current paths between the adjacent openings of a row and in the material from row to row with respect to the inside width of the holes can be varied so that the desired total resistance of the electrical heating element is achieved with given dimensions of the filter, and also a required dimension of the passage area of the exhaust gas can be taken into account.
Vier Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen elektrischen Heizelements werden im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung mit vier Figuren beschrieben, in denen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematisierte schaubildliche Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des Heizelements, im wesentlichen bestehend aus einem Lochblech mit Langlöchern annähernd konstanter Breite,
- Fig. 2
- eine schematisierte schaubildliche Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Heizelements, ebenfalls im wesentlichen bestehend aus einem Lochblech,
- Fig. 3
- eine schematisierte schaubildliche Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Heizelements mit rautenförmigen Öffnungen und
- Fig. 4
- eine schematisierte schaubildliche Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Heizelements, ebenfalls im wesentlichen aus Streckmetall bestehend.
- Fig. 1
- 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the heating element, consisting essentially of a perforated plate with elongated holes of approximately constant width,
- Fig. 2
- 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the heating element, likewise essentially consisting of a perforated plate,
- Fig. 3
- a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heating element with diamond-shaped openings and
- Fig. 4
- a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heating element, also consisting essentially of expanded metal.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 allgemein ein Heizelement bezeichnet, welches im wesentlichen aus einem Lochblech 2 besteht, welches als geschlossener Zylinder geformt ist. An den Enden des zylindrischen Lochblechs 2 sitzen Anschlußelemente 3, 4, die mit dem Lochblech stromleitend verbunden sind. Die Anschlußelemente erstrecken sich in Anschlußrichtungen (Pfeile) 5 und 6 längs des Zylinderumfangs.In Fig. 1, 1 generally denotes a heating element which essentially consists of a perforated plate 2 which is shaped as a closed cylinder. At the ends of the cylindrical perforated plate 2 there are connection elements 3, 4 which are connected to the perforated plate in an electrically conductive manner. The connection elements extend in connection directions (arrows) 5 and 6 along the cylinder circumference.
Das Lochblech 2 weist ebenfalls in Umfangsrichtung orientierte Langlöcher, z.B. 7, auf, die in parallelen Reihen 8 - 11 angeordnet sind, wobei die Darstellung in der Zeichnung unvollständig ist. Es ist das gesamte Lochblech zwischen den Anschlüssen 3 und 4 mit solchen Langlöchern versehen. Die Reihen der Langlöcher sind ebenfalls in Öffnungshauptrichtung orientiert, von denen eine mit 12 bezeichnet ist (Pfeil). Wesentlich ist, daß die Öffnungshauptrichtung, die Richtung der Lochreihen und die Anschlußrichtungen der Anschlußelemente 4 und 5 parallel zueinander verlaufen. Weiterhin ist für den gewünschten Stromverlauf wichtig, daß die Langlöcher der aufeinanderfolgenden Lochreihen in Umfangsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt sind, wie es sich aus der Darstellung der Lochreihen 8 - 11 ergibt. Es stellen sich dann Strompfade 13, 14 ein, die mit unterbrochenen Linien angedeutet sind. Die Strompfade verlaufen annähernd sinusförmig und sind gegenüber der Erstreckung des Heizelements 1 in axialer Richtung besonders lang.The perforated plate 2 also has elongated holes oriented in the circumferential direction, e.g. 7, which are arranged in parallel rows 8-11, the illustration in the drawing being incomplete. The entire perforated plate between the connections 3 and 4 is provided with such elongated holes. The rows of elongated holes are also oriented in the main opening direction, one of which is designated by 12 (arrow). It is essential that the main opening direction, the direction of the rows of holes and the connection directions of the
In Fig. 1 sind Größen für eine bevorzugte Dimensionierung der reihenweisen Langlöcher in dem Lochblech dargestellt, obwohl das gezeigte Lochblech nicht entsprechend der bevorzugten Dimensionierung ausgebildet ist. Bevorzugt ist eine solche Dimensionierung, daß Stege, z.B. der Steg 15, zwischen zwei in einer Reihe angeordneten Öffnungen eine Länge a aufweisen, die etwa doppelt so groß ist wie eine Breite b₂ des Materials des Heizelements zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Lochreihen, hier Lochreihen 9 und 10. Bei dieser bevorzugten Dimensionierung haben die Bahnen der Strompfade, z.B. 13, 14, überall etwa den gleichen elektrischen Widerstand, so daß eine gleichmäßige Entwicklung Joule'scher Wärme eintritt, wenn an die Anschlüsse 3 und 4 eine Spannung angelegt wird.1 shows sizes for a preferred dimensioning of the rows of elongated holes in the perforated plate, although the perforated plate shown is not designed according to the preferred dimensioning. Such a dimensioning is preferred that webs, for
In die Dimensionierung des Heizelements hinsichtlich dessen Gesamtwiderstand bei vorgegebenen Außenabmessungen des Heizelements geht auch die Länge 1 der Langlöcher ein. Letztere beeinflußt auch die Durchtrittsfläche des im übrigen nicht dargestellten Filters, dessen Bestandteil das Heizelement ist, für hindurchströmende Abgase.The length 1 of the elongated holes also goes into the dimensioning of the heating element with regard to its total resistance given the external dimensions of the heating element. The latter also influences the passage area of the filter, not shown in the rest, of which the heating element is a part, for exhaust gases flowing through.
Die Dicke des Lochblechs ist nicht dargestellt, sie ist jedoch wegen des großen spezifischen Flächenwiderstands des Lochblechs verhältnismäßig groß, was eine lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet.The thickness of the perforated plate is not shown, but it is relatively large because of the large specific surface resistance of the perforated plate, which ensures a long service life.
In der Variante gemäß Fig. 2 ist das Heizelement allgemein mit 16 bezeichnet. Es besteht aus einem als offenen Zylinder geformten Lochblech 17, welches also im Bereich einer Aussparung 18 nicht geschlossen ist. Parallel zu der Aussparung in Anschlußrichtungen 19, 20 weist das Heizelement zueinander parallele lange Anschlußelemente 21, 22 auf. In dem Lochblech 17 verlaufen die Öffnungshauptrichtungen, z.B. 23, von Langlöchern, z.B. 24, parallel zu den Anschlußrichtungen 19, 20. Die Langlöcher, z.B. 24, sind in zueinander parallelen Reihen versetzt angeordnet, wobei die sich in Öffnungshauptrichtung erstreckenden Reihen mit 25, 26 bezeichnet sind. Die weiteren Reihen Langlöcher sind in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellt.In the variant according to FIG. 2, the heating element is generally designated 16. It consists of a
Analog zu den Dimensionierungsangaben zu der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 können auch hier nicht bezeichnete Stege zwischen in einer Reihe aufeinanderfolgenden Langlöchern bezüglich einer Breite des Materials, welches zwischen zwei benachbarten Lochreihen steht, so bemessen werden, daß sich längs hier nicht eingezeichneten Strompfaden gleiche elektrische Widerstände einstellen. Die Strompfade sind hier gegenüber dem Umfang des nicht geschlossenen Zylinders, welcher durch das Lochblech 17 gebildet wird, lang.Analogous to the dimensioning information for the embodiment according to FIG. 1, webs, which are not designated here, can also exist between elongated holes in a row with respect to a width of the material which lies between two adjacent ones Row of holes stands, be dimensioned so that the same electrical resistances are set along current paths not shown here. The current paths are long compared to the circumference of the non-closed cylinder, which is formed by the
Die Ausführungsformen nach den Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen Heizelemente 27, 28 mit rautenförmigen Öffnungen, hier aus Streckmetall 29, 30. Öffnungen, z.B. 31, 32 des Streckmetalls sind in nebeneinanderliegenden Reihen versetzt angeordnet, in der Weise, daß Öffnungshauptrichtungen 33, 34 wiederum parallel zu Anschlußrichtungen 35, 36 von streifenförmigen Anschlußelementen 37, 38 bzw. 39, 40 verlaufen.The embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4
Claims (7)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen (7, 24, 31, 32) im wesentlichen parallel zu der Anschlußrichtung (5, 6, 19, 20) orientiert sind.Electric heating element of a soot filter for the exhaust gases of a diesel engine with a filter body, to which the heating element can be applied in order to heat the filter body through which exhaust gases flow for regeneration to a temperature at which soot particles of the exhaust gas burn, the heating element being essentially cylindrical made of sheet metal in which openings (7, 24, 31, 32) which extend along a main opening direction (12, 23, 33, 34) are aligned in rows in the main opening direction and are arranged offset from one another from row to row, and wherein the heating element (1st , 16, 27, 28) has at least two power connection elements (3, 4, 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40), which are at a distance from one another and each extend in a connection direction (5, 6, 19, 20) are oriented parallel to each other,
characterized,
that the rows (7, 24, 31, 32) arranged in rows are oriented essentially parallel to the connection direction (5, 6, 19, 20).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Stromanschlußelemente (3, 4, 37, 38) und die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen (7, 31) in Umfangsrichtung des Heizelements (1, 27) orientiert sind.Electric heating element according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the power connection elements (3, 4, 37, 38) and the rows (7, 31) arranged in rows are oriented in the circumferential direction of the heating element (1, 27).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Stromanschlußelemente (2, 22, 39, 40) und die reihenweise angeordneten Öffnungen (24, 32) in axialer Richtung des Heizelements (16, 28) orientiert sind.Electric heating element according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the power connection elements (2, 22, 39, 40) and the rows (24, 32) arranged in rows are oriented in the axial direction of the heating element (16, 28).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Blech ein Lochblech (2, 17) ist, welches Langlöcher (7, 24) als Öffnungen aufweist.Electrical heating element according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the sheet is a perforated sheet (2, 17), which has elongated holes (7, 24) as openings.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß Stege (15) in dem Blech des Heizelements (1) zwischen je zwei in einer Reihe (13) angeordneten Öffnungen etwa doppelt so lang (a) sind wie eine Materialbreite (b₂) zwischen den Reihen (11, 12) der Öffnungen.Electric heating element according to claim 1,
characterized,
that webs (15) in the sheet of the heating element (1) between two in a row (13) arranged openings are approximately twice as long (a) as a material width (b₂) between the rows (11, 12) of the openings.
gekennzeichnet durch,
ein Streckmetall (29, 30) als Blech mit reihenweisen Öffnungen (31, 32).Electrical heating element according to one of claims 1-3,
marked by,
an expanded metal (29, 30) as a sheet with rows of openings (31, 32).
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Anschlußelemente (21, 22, 39, 40) durchgehende Blechstreifen an dem die Öffnungen aufweisenden Blech des Heizelements (16, 18) angebracht sind.Electric heating element according to claim 6,
characterized,
that as connection elements (21, 22, 39, 40) continuous sheet metal strips are attached to the sheet metal of the heating element (16, 18) having the openings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4138426 | 1991-11-22 | ||
| DE19914138426 DE4138426A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1991-11-22 | ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENT OF A SOOT FILTER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0543075A1 true EP0543075A1 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
Family
ID=6445350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92101593A Withdrawn EP0543075A1 (en) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-01-31 | Electrical heating element for a soot filter |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0543075A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH05296026A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4138426A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0637984A1 (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1995-02-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter cartridge for trap apparatus |
| US5409669A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1995-04-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrically regenerable diesel particulate filter cartridge and filter |
| US5656048A (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1997-08-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrically regenerable diesel particulate filter cartridge and filter |
| EP0838578A1 (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-04-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Particulate trap and heater |
| US8526801B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2013-09-03 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Line connector for media lines |
| CN101606014B (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2013-12-11 | 福士汽车配套部件责任有限公司 | Line connector for media lines |
| ES2524013R1 (en) * | 2013-01-19 | 2015-03-03 | Technokontrol Cat Global Sl | Body of alloys in laminar or other format, suppressors of all types of vaporizations and emissions. |
| ES2543225A1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-17 | Technokontrol-Cat Global, Sl | Suppressive filter system for polluting and non-polluting particles, in or without atmospheric, gaseous or liquid suspension (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| US9651185B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2017-05-16 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Line connector for media lines |
| WO2017212079A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-14 | Technokontrol Global, Ltd | Alloyed body in a laminar or other format, which eliminates all types of vaporisation and emission |
| DE102021207621A1 (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | centrotherm international AG | heating element |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4224172C2 (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 1997-11-20 | Bernhard Nibbrig | Gas cleaning device |
| WO2016123738A1 (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-11 | 深圳麦克韦尔股份有限公司 | Cigarette heater and heating assembly thereof |
| CN104720109B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2018-07-20 | 深圳麦克韦尔股份有限公司 | Cigarette heater and its heating component |
| CN106108117B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-04-05 | 朱晓春 | A kind of electronic cigarette |
| CA3021841C (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2021-03-16 | Shenzhen First Union Technology Co., Ltd. | Low-temperature baking vaporizer and low-temperature baking smoking set |
| WO2023286194A1 (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2023-01-19 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Flavor inhaler, and heater manufacturing method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1216381A (en) * | 1957-11-18 | 1960-04-25 | Manufacture of electric heating and conductive devices | |
| US3099540A (en) * | 1958-01-07 | 1963-07-30 | Eisler Paul | Electric foil resistance drier |
| FR2517163A1 (en) * | 1981-11-23 | 1983-05-27 | Metal Deploye | ELECTRIC RESISTANCE IN TOLE RAIDIE |
| EP0275372A1 (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1988-07-27 | Kanthal GmbH | Soot filter for a diesel engine |
-
1991
- 1991-11-22 DE DE19914138426 patent/DE4138426A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1992
- 1992-01-31 EP EP92101593A patent/EP0543075A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-11-24 JP JP4313706A patent/JPH05296026A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1216381A (en) * | 1957-11-18 | 1960-04-25 | Manufacture of electric heating and conductive devices | |
| US3099540A (en) * | 1958-01-07 | 1963-07-30 | Eisler Paul | Electric foil resistance drier |
| FR2517163A1 (en) * | 1981-11-23 | 1983-05-27 | Metal Deploye | ELECTRIC RESISTANCE IN TOLE RAIDIE |
| EP0275372A1 (en) * | 1987-01-17 | 1988-07-27 | Kanthal GmbH | Soot filter for a diesel engine |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0637984A1 (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1995-02-15 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Filter cartridge for trap apparatus |
| EP0637984A4 (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1995-07-19 | Donaldson Co Inc | Filter cartridge for trap apparatus. |
| US5409669A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1995-04-25 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrically regenerable diesel particulate filter cartridge and filter |
| US5656048A (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1997-08-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Electrically regenerable diesel particulate filter cartridge and filter |
| EP0838578A1 (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1998-04-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Particulate trap and heater |
| US5958095A (en) * | 1996-10-22 | 1999-09-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Regenerative heater of diesel engine particulate trap and diesel engine particulate trap using the same heater |
| US8526801B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2013-09-03 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Line connector for media lines |
| CN101606014B (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2013-12-11 | 福士汽车配套部件责任有限公司 | Line connector for media lines |
| CN103644421A (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2014-03-19 | 福士汽车配套部件责任有限公司 | Line connector for media lines |
| US9429259B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2016-08-30 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Line connector for media lines |
| US9651185B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 | 2017-05-16 | Voss Automotive Gmbh | Line connector for media lines |
| ES2524013R1 (en) * | 2013-01-19 | 2015-03-03 | Technokontrol Cat Global Sl | Body of alloys in laminar or other format, suppressors of all types of vaporizations and emissions. |
| ES2543225A1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2015-08-17 | Technokontrol-Cat Global, Sl | Suppressive filter system for polluting and non-polluting particles, in or without atmospheric, gaseous or liquid suspension (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| WO2017212079A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-14 | Technokontrol Global, Ltd | Alloyed body in a laminar or other format, which eliminates all types of vaporisation and emission |
| DE102021207621A1 (en) | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | centrotherm international AG | heating element |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05296026A (en) | 1993-11-09 |
| DE4138426A1 (en) | 1993-05-27 |
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