EP0581688A1 - Method and device for forcing a pipe into the soil by ramming, especially for making a pile - Google Patents

Method and device for forcing a pipe into the soil by ramming, especially for making a pile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581688A1
EP0581688A1 EP93401984A EP93401984A EP0581688A1 EP 0581688 A1 EP0581688 A1 EP 0581688A1 EP 93401984 A EP93401984 A EP 93401984A EP 93401984 A EP93401984 A EP 93401984A EP 0581688 A1 EP0581688 A1 EP 0581688A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
tube
support
threshing
hammer
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Granted
Application number
EP93401984A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0581688B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Roger
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Saipem SA
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Bouygues Offshore SA
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Publication of EP0581688A1 publication Critical patent/EP0581688A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/72—Pile shoes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/28—Placing of hollow pipes or mould pipes by means arranged inside the piles or pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for driving a tube into the ground, by threshing, for the purpose, for example, of making a stake or a pile, in particular for a foundation on land, in a port or at sea.
  • a known technique for beating a tube in order to form a pile consists in closing the lower end of the pile by a stopper made of resistant material, in particular concrete, so as to define a driving head and to beat this head by dropping a mass inside the tube.
  • Variants of this technique consist in replacing this stopper made of resistant material with a metal cover (French patent 85 19405).
  • Another known technique is to provide the tube in its lower part with a shoulder on which comes to bear a metal plug in the shape of a point, on which one comes to strike by causing a metallic mass to fall (French patent 72 03451).
  • the recovery of the driving head is impossible in the case of the cover and requires special tools in the case of the metal plug. However, it may be necessary to remove this driving head to drill a harder soil area impossible to cross by threshing or to make a recognition of the foundation soil.
  • the wall thickness of the pile or pile is much more often determined by the value of the impact of threshing impact to be supported than by the final load applied to the pile, which leads to unnecessary extra expense.
  • the head-threshing system is always very noisy and often prohibits its use in urbanized areas.
  • this pile driving technique does not allow a rigorous control of the state of the pile or of the pile in its lower part, and when these controls have been performed after the fact, it has often been observed that the tube has been crushed.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks which have just been mentioned.
  • the tube is provided in the lower part with an internal lateral support, a driving head is applied against this support, the upper part of which is movable in a cage secured to a hydraulic or electro-magnetic hammer and which is equipped with a point before penetrating the ground, which projects at the lower end of the tube when the head is in support and the hammer is controlled to transmit the threshing energy to the head by the upper end or by the lower end of the cage, depending on whether you want to push the tube or extract the head.
  • the tube is provided in the lower part with an internal lateral and transverse threshing support, leaving at least the major part of the cross section of the tube clear.
  • FIG. 1 essentially shows a tube 1 into which a hydraulic hammer 3 has been introduced provided with a driving head 2.
  • the driving head 2 is supported on a support means constituted in this example by an annular flange 4 formed inside the tube 1 near the lower end 1a of the tube.
  • This flange came from manufacture with the tube, or was machined in the tube, or was attached to the tube, in which case it may be made of a material different from that of the tube.
  • the tube 1 is, for example, made of concrete and the collar 4 is provided by an annular shoe 5 made of steel attached to the tube and which constitutes the lower end of the tube.
  • the driving head 2 is equipped with a front penetration point 6 which projects from the lower end of the tube when the head is in contact with the flange (fig. 2).
  • the head is made of steel, concrete, or another material in a manner known per se.
  • the point is, for example, a conical steel point, possibly filled with a ballast.
  • the means for constituting the internal threshing support of the tube can be more complex than a simple collar.
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example a support constituted by a pair of opposite vertical racks 7,7 'which provide a plurality of stepped supports for radial pieces 8,8' fixed to the shutter 2 and which mesh with the racks in the direction of threshing.
  • This damper makes it possible to transmit to the tube only a part of the threshing energy applied to the head and therefore to size this tube for the final load to be received and not for the threshing shock force to be supported.
  • annular jack In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 7, there is also interposed, between the threshing support 4 and the driving head 2, an annular jack consisting of an annular piston 10 and a chamber 11 containing a hydraulic fluid and that we can put in the exhaust.
  • Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D illustrate the operation of such a device.
  • the annular cylinder (10,11) therefore allows the threshing energy to be used to beat only the head, or only the tube, or both the tube and the head.
  • a hydraulic hammer 3 supplied by an umbilical 12 is used to beat the head.
  • hammers known per se (cf. for example the publications EP-A-0206384 and EP-A-0095801), comprise a striking mass which moves in a chamber in one direction under the action of a hydraulic fluid and , in the other direction, under the action of gravity preferably combined with the effect of a hydraulic fluid.
  • the hammer shown in the figures comprises a cage (13) integral with the hammer and in which the upper part 2a of the driving head 2 can be moved, trapped in the cage, between an upper end (13a) and a lower shoulder (13b) from the cage.
  • Such a structure makes it possible to use the energy of the hammer either to drive the head and the tube, or on the contrary, to extract the head from the tube, if the direction of the blows is reversed.
  • the upper end (13a) of the cage which transmits the threshing energy to the head in the direction of insertion.
  • Hydraulic or electro-magnetic hammers allow curved piles to be made if the curvature of the pile is compatible with the length of the hammer and does not prevent the hammer from being put in and out.
  • the invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments.
  • Tube 1 can be used as, if it has a wall thickness and sufficient strength, for a foundation, where it can be filled with a hardenable material such as concrete, in a manner known per se.
  • This tube is made of all suitable materials, and preferably steel or concrete tubes are used.
  • the ends of the tubes are straight or bevelled.

Abstract

The pipe is rammed by means of a hydraulic or electromagnetic hammer (3) applied against a shut-off head (2) located at the end of the pipe. Preferably, the pipe is equipped at the bottom with a ramming support (4) and a removable head is used which is capable of resting laterally on this support. The invention applies particularly to the production of a post or pile, particularly for foundations. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour enfoncer un tube dans le sol, par battage, dans le but, par exemple, de réaliser un pieu ou une pile, en particulier pour une fondation sur terre, dans un port ou en mer.The invention relates to a method and a device for driving a tube into the ground, by threshing, for the purpose, for example, of making a stake or a pile, in particular for a foundation on land, in a port or at sea.

Une technique connue pour battre un tube afin de former un pieu consiste à fermer l'extrémité inférieure du pieu par un bouchon en matière résistante, en particulier en béton, de manière à définir une tête de fonçage et à battre cette tête en faisant chuter une masse à l'intérieur du tube.A known technique for beating a tube in order to form a pile consists in closing the lower end of the pile by a stopper made of resistant material, in particular concrete, so as to define a driving head and to beat this head by dropping a mass inside the tube.

Des variantes de cette technique consistent à remplacer ce bouchon en matière résistante par un couvercle métallique (brevet français 85 19405). Une autre technique connue est de munir le tube en sa partie basse d'un épaulement sur lequel vient prendre appui un bouchon métallique en forme de pointe, sur lequel on vient frapper en faisant chuter une masse métallique (brevet français 72 03451).Variants of this technique consist in replacing this stopper made of resistant material with a metal cover (French patent 85 19405). Another known technique is to provide the tube in its lower part with a shoulder on which comes to bear a metal plug in the shape of a point, on which one comes to strike by causing a metallic mass to fall (French patent 72 03451).

Les défauts majeurs de ces différents systèmes sont les suivants :

  • Dans le cas d'emploi de bouchon en béton, la pénétration du tube n'est assurée que par le frottement du bouchon sur son enveloppe et ce procédé ne permet pas de réaliser des pieux ou piles de grande longueur.
The major shortcomings of these different systems are as follows:
  • In the case of use of a concrete plug, the penetration of the tube is only ensured by the friction of the plug on its casing and this process does not make it possible to make piles or piles of great length.

La récupération de la tête de fonçage est impossible dans le cas du couvercle et nécessite des outils spéciaux dans le cas du bouchon métallique. Or, il peut être nécessaire d'enlever cette tête de fonçage pour forer une zone de sol plus dure impossible à traverser par battage ou pour faire une reconnaissance du sol de fondation.The recovery of the driving head is impossible in the case of the cover and requires special tools in the case of the metal plug. However, it may be necessary to remove this driving head to drill a harder soil area impossible to cross by threshing or to make a recognition of the foundation soil.

Tous ces procédés fonctionnent mal ou ne fonctionnent pas du tout pour battre des pieux ou piles inclinés et encore moins des piles courbes assez fré- quemment utilisées pour guider les forages pétroliers dans leur partie supérieure.All these methods work badly or do not work at all for beating inclined piles or piles and even less curved piles which are quite frequently used to guide oil drilling in their upper part.

C'est une des raisons pour lesquelles la plupart des battages de pieux ou de piles sont exécutés à l'aide de moutons tapant sur un casque recouvrant la tête de ces tubes.This is one of the reasons why most pile or pile driving is carried out using sheep tapping on a helmet covering the head of these tubes.

Les défauts majeurs de ces systèmes de frappe en tête sont les suivants :

  • L'énergie de battage nécessaire pour atteindre un enfoncement déterminé de la pile ou du pieu est presque toujours supérieure à l'énergie que nécessiterait un battage en fond de pieu.
The major shortcomings of these head striking systems are:
  • The threshing energy required to reach a specified pile or pile depth is almost always greater than the energy that would be required by pile driving.

L'épaisseur de paroi du pieu ou de la pile est beaucoup plus souvent déterminée par la valeur de l'effort de choc de battage à supporter que par la charge finale appliquée sur la pile, ce qui conduit à un surcroît de dépenses inutile.The wall thickness of the pile or pile is much more often determined by the value of the impact of threshing impact to be supported than by the final load applied to the pile, which leads to unnecessary extra expense.

Le système de battage en tête est toujours très bruyant et fait souvent proscrire son emploi dans les zones urbanisées.The head-threshing system is always very noisy and often prohibits its use in urbanized areas.

Dans les battages de pieux de très grande longueur, par exemple pour des plates-formes pétrolières en mer, cette technique de battage ne permet pas un contrôle rigoureux de l'état du pieu ou de la pile dans sa partie basse, et lorsque ces contrôles ont été réalisés à posteriori, il a souvent été constaté des écrasements du tube.In the pile driving of very long piles, for example for oil platforms at sea, this pile driving technique does not allow a rigorous control of the state of the pile or of the pile in its lower part, and when these controls have been performed after the fact, it has often been observed that the tube has been crushed.

La présente invention se propose de remédier aux inconvénients qui viennent d'être cités.The present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks which have just been mentioned.

Pour cela, elle propose une technique de battage selon laquelle on applique l'énergie de battage à l'extrémité inférieure du tube, au moyen d'un marteau spécialement aménagé.For this, it proposes a threshing technique according to which the threshing energy is applied to the lower end of the tube, by means of a specially fitted hammer.

Selon l'invention, on munit le tube, en partie basse, d'un appui latéral interne, on applique contre cet appui une tête de fonçage dont la partie supérieure est mobile dans une cage solidaire d'un marteau hydraulique ou électro-magnétique et qui est équipée d'une pointe avant de pénétration du sol, qui est en saillie à l'extrémité inférieure du tube lorsque la tête est en appui et on commande le marteau pour transmettre l'énergie de battage à la tête par l'extrémité supérieure ou par l'extrémité inférieure de la cage, selon que l'on veut enfoncer le tube ou extraire la tête.According to the invention, the tube is provided in the lower part with an internal lateral support, a driving head is applied against this support, the upper part of which is movable in a cage secured to a hydraulic or electro-magnetic hammer and which is equipped with a point before penetrating the ground, which projects at the lower end of the tube when the head is in support and the hammer is controlled to transmit the threshing energy to the head by the upper end or by the lower end of the cage, depending on whether you want to push the tube or extract the head.

Le tube est muni en partie basse d'un appui de battage interne latéral et transversal, laissant dégagée la majeure partie au moins de la section droite du tube.The tube is provided in the lower part with an internal lateral and transverse threshing support, leaving at least the major part of the cross section of the tube clear.

Dans des réalisations particulièrement avantageuses, l'invention présente encore une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • - on interpose entre la tête de fonçage et l'appui un moyen d'amortissement qui permet de transformer la courbe de transmission de l'énergie de battage,
  • - on interpose entre la tête de fonçage et l'appui un moyen d'accouplement qui permet de lever la tête par rapport à l'appui tout en conservant l'accouplement et qui permet aussi de désaccoupler la tête et l'appui, en sorte que l'on puisse, au choix, utiliser l'énergie de battage pour enfoncer à la fois la tête et le tube ou seulement la tête ou le tube.
In particularly advantageous embodiments, the invention also has one or more of the following characteristics:
  • - a damping means is inserted between the driving head and the support which makes it possible to transform the transmission curve of the threshing energy,
  • - there is interposed between the driving head and the support a coupling means which makes it possible to lift the head relative to the support while retaining the coupling and which also makes it possible to uncoupl the head and the support, so that one can, as desired, use the threshing energy to drive both the head and the tube or only the head or the tube.

Cette technique et ses avantages seront décrits ci-après, en référence aux figures du dessin joint, et la description et les figures feront apparaître d'autres aspects importants de l'invention.This technique and its advantages will be described below, with reference to the figures of the attached drawing, and the description and the figures will reveal other important aspects of the invention.

Sur les figures :

  • - la fig. 1 est une coupe axiale verticale d'un tube équipé d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention pour enfoncer le tube dans le sol;
  • - la fig. 2 est une vue agrandie de l'extrémité inférieure du tube de la fig. 1;
  • - la fig. 3 est une coupe axiale de l'extrémité inférieure d'un tube munie d'une tête de fonçage selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention;
  • - la fig. 4 est une coupe axiale analogue à celle de la fig. 2, mais dans le cas où un amortisseur est interposé entre la tête de fonçage et l'appui de battage du tube;
  • - la fig. 5 est une coupe axiale analogue à celle de la fig. 2, mais dans le cas où un vérin découpleur est interposé entre la tête de fonçage et l'appui de battage du tube;
  • - la fig. 6 est une vue de détail agrandie du vérin découpleur de la fig. 5; et
  • - la fig. 7 est un schéma montrant différentes phases d'une opération de battage du tube.
In the figures:
  • - fig. 1 is a vertical axial section of a tube fitted with a device according to the invention for driving the tube into the ground;
  • - fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the lower end of the tube of FIG. 1;
  • - fig. 3 is an axial section of the lower end of a tube provided with a driving head according to another alternative embodiment of the invention;
  • - fig. 4 is an axial section similar to that of FIG. 2, but in the case where a shock absorber is interposed between the driving head and the support threshing the tube;
  • - fig. 5 is an axial section similar to that of FIG. 2, but in the case where a decoupler cylinder is interposed between the driving head and the threshing support of the tube;
  • - fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view of the decoupler cylinder of FIG. 5; and
  • - fig. 7 is a diagram showing different phases of a tube threshing operation.

La figure 1 montre essentiellement un tube 1 dans lequel on a introduit un marteau hydraulique 3 muni d'une tête de fonçage 2.FIG. 1 essentially shows a tube 1 into which a hydraulic hammer 3 has been introduced provided with a driving head 2.

La tête de fonçage 2 est en appui sur un moyen d'appui constitué dans cet exemple par une collerette annulaire 4 formée à l'intérieur du tube 1 à proximité de l'extrémité inférieure la du tube. Cette collerette est venue de fabrication avec le tube, ou a été usinée dans le tube, ou a été rapportée sur le tube, auquel cas elle peut être dans un matériau différent de celui du tube.The driving head 2 is supported on a support means constituted in this example by an annular flange 4 formed inside the tube 1 near the lower end 1a of the tube. This flange came from manufacture with the tube, or was machined in the tube, or was attached to the tube, in which case it may be made of a material different from that of the tube.

Le tube 1 est, par exemple, en béton et la collerette 4 est fournie par un sabot annulaire 5 en acier rapporté sur le tube et qui constitue l'extrémité inférieure du tube.The tube 1 is, for example, made of concrete and the collar 4 is provided by an annular shoe 5 made of steel attached to the tube and which constitutes the lower end of the tube.

La tête de fonçage 2 est équipée d'une pointe avant 6 de pénétration qui est en saillie à l'extrémité inférieure du tube lorsque la tête est en appui sur la collerette (fig. 2). La tête est en acier, en béton, ou en un autre matériau de façon en soi connue.The driving head 2 is equipped with a front penetration point 6 which projects from the lower end of the tube when the head is in contact with the flange (fig. 2). The head is made of steel, concrete, or another material in a manner known per se.

La pointe est, parexemple, une pointe conique en acier, éventuellement remplie d'un lest.The point is, for example, a conical steel point, possibly filled with a ballast.

Le moyen pour constituer l'appui de battage interne du tube peut être plus complexe qu'une simple collerette.The means for constituting the internal threshing support of the tube can be more complex than a simple collar.

La figure 3 montre à titre d'exemple un appui constitué par un couple de crémaillères verticales opposées 7,7' qui fournissent une pluralité d'appuis étagés pour des pièces radiales 8,8' fixées à l'obturateur 2 et qui engrènent avec les crémaillères dans le sens du battage.FIG. 3 shows by way of example a support constituted by a pair of opposite vertical racks 7,7 'which provide a plurality of stepped supports for radial pieces 8,8' fixed to the shutter 2 and which mesh with the racks in the direction of threshing.

Il est souvent avantageux d'interposer un amortisseur 9 continu ou discontinu, entre la tête de fonçage 2 et l'appui de battage, comme cela a été représenté par exemple sur les figures 4 à 7.It is often advantageous to interpose a continuous or discontinuous damper 9 between the driving head 2 and the threshing support, as has been shown for example in FIGS. 4 to 7.

Cet amortisseur permet de ne transmettre au tube qu'une partie de l'énergie de battage appliquée à la tête et donc de dimensionner ce tube pour la charge finale à recevoir et non pour l'effort de choc de battage à supporter.This damper makes it possible to transmit to the tube only a part of the threshing energy applied to the head and therefore to size this tube for the final load to be received and not for the threshing shock force to be supported.

Dans la réalisation des figures 5 à 7, on a interposé de plus, entre l'appui de battage 4 et la tête de fonçage 2, un vérin annulaire constitué d'un piston annulaire 10 et d'une chambre 11 contenant un fluide hydraulique et que l'on peut mettre à l'échappement.In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 to 7, there is also interposed, between the threshing support 4 and the driving head 2, an annular jack consisting of an annular piston 10 and a chamber 11 containing a hydraulic fluid and that we can put in the exhaust.

Les figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D illustrent le fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif.Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D illustrate the operation of such a device.

Lorsque la chambre n'est pas mise à l'échappement, il y a désaccouplement entre la tête 2 et l'appui 4 et le battage de la tête fera seulement descendre la tête uniquement jusqu'à ce que le vérin soit à l'état de contraction maximale.When the chamber is not exhausted, there is a decoupling between the head 2 and the support 4 and the beating of the head will only lower the head only until the jack is in the state maximum contraction.

Lorsque le vérin est au point de contraction maximale (fig. 7A), l'admission d'huile dans la chambre 11 fera lever la tête jusqu'à ce que le vérin soit à l'état d'extension maximale (fig. 7B) et, si on ferme la chambre, le battage ultérieur de la tête provoquera la descente simultanée de la tête et du tube.When the cylinder is at the point of maximum contraction (fig. 7A), the admission of oil into chamber 11 will raise the head until the cylinder is in the state of maximum extension (fig. 7B) and, if the chamber is closed, the subsequent beating of the head will cause the head and the tube to descend simultaneously.

Si l'on a réglé la course du vérin pour qu'elle corresponde à la course de battage, la tête revient à la position qu'elle occupait avant d'être levée (fig. 7C) et tout se passe comme si, de la configuration de la figure 7A à celle de la figure 7C, la tête n'avait pas bougé et seul le tube était descendu. Si par contre, à partir de la configuration de la figure 7C où le vérin est à l'état d'extension maximale, on bat la tête tout en mettant à l'échappement la chambre du véérin, c'est la tête qui descend alors que le tube ne bouge pas (fig. 7D).If you have adjusted the stroke of the cylinder to correspond to the threshing stroke, the head returns to the position it occupied before being lifted (fig. 7C) and everything happens as if from the configuration of Figure 7A to that of Figure 7C, the head had not moved and only the tube was lowered. If on the other hand, starting from the configuration of FIG. 7C where the jack is in the maximum extension state, the head is beaten while exhausting the chamber of the véérin, it is the head which then descends the tube does not move (fig. 7D).

Le vérin annulaire (10,11) permet donc d'utiliser l'énergie de battage pour battre seulement la tête, ou seulement le tube, ou à la fois le tube et la tête.The annular cylinder (10,11) therefore allows the threshing energy to be used to beat only the head, or only the tube, or both the tube and the head.

De préférence, on utilise pour battre la tête un marteau hydraulique 3 alimenté par un ombilical 12.Preferably, a hydraulic hammer 3 supplied by an umbilical 12 is used to beat the head.

Ces marteaux, connus en soi (cf. par exemple les publications EP-A-0206384 et EP-A-0095801), comportent une masse frappante qui se déplace dans une chambre, dans un sens sous l'action d'un fluide hydraulique et, dans l'autre sens, sous l'action de la gravité conjuguée de préférence avec l'effet d'un fluide hydraulique.These hammers, known per se (cf. for example the publications EP-A-0206384 and EP-A-0095801), comprise a striking mass which moves in a chamber in one direction under the action of a hydraulic fluid and , in the other direction, under the action of gravity preferably combined with the effect of a hydraulic fluid.

Le marteau représenté sur les figures comporte une cage (13) solidaire du marteau et dans laquelle peut se déplacer la partie supérieure 2a de la tête de fonçage 2 prisonnière de la cage, entre une extrémité supérieure (13a) et un épaulement inférieur (13b) de la cage.The hammer shown in the figures comprises a cage (13) integral with the hammer and in which the upper part 2a of the driving head 2 can be moved, trapped in the cage, between an upper end (13a) and a lower shoulder (13b) from the cage.

Une telle structure permet d'utiliser l'énergie du marteau soit pour enfoncer la tête et le tube, soit au contraire, pour extraire la tête du tube, si l'on inverse la direction des coups.Such a structure makes it possible to use the energy of the hammer either to drive the head and the tube, or on the contrary, to extract the head from the tube, if the direction of the blows is reversed.

Dans le premier cas, c'est l'extrémité supérieure (13a) de la cage qui transmet l'énergie de battage à la tête dans le sens de l'enfoncement.In the first case, it is the upper end (13a) of the cage which transmits the threshing energy to the head in the direction of insertion.

Dans le second cas, c'est l'extrémité inférieure (13b) de la cage qui transmet l'énergie de battage à la tête dans le sens de l'arrachement.In the second case, it is the lower end (13b) of the cage which transmits the threshing energy to the head in the tearing direction.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux moyens de réalisation qui ont été décrits.The invention is not limited to the means of embodiment which have been described.

Les marteaux hydrauliques ou électro-magnétiques permettent de réaliser des pieux courbes si la courbure du pieu est compatible avec la longueur du marteau et ne s'oppose pas à la mise en place et à l'extraction du marteau.Hydraulic or electro-magnetic hammers allow curved piles to be made if the curvature of the pile is compatible with the length of the hammer and does not prevent the hammer from being put in and out.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à ces exemples de réalisation.The invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments.

Le tube 1 pourra être utilisé tel que, s'il présente une épaisseur de paroi et une résistance suffisante, pour une fondation, où il pourra être rempli d'un matériau durcissable tel que du béton, de façon connue en soi.Tube 1 can be used as, if it has a wall thickness and sufficient strength, for a foundation, where it can be filled with a hardenable material such as concrete, in a manner known per se.

Ce tube est réalisé en tous matériaux appropriés, et on utilise de préférence des tubes en acier ou en béton. Les extrémités des tubes sont droites ou biseautées.This tube is made of all suitable materials, and preferably steel or concrete tubes are used. The ends of the tubes are straight or bevelled.

Claims (12)

1. Procédé pour enfoncer par battage dans le sol un tube muni d'un appui latéral interne (4) en partie basse caractérisé en ce qu'on applique contre cet appui une tête de fonçage (2) dont la partie supérieure (2a) est mobile dans une cage (13) solidaire d'un marteau hydraulique (3) ou électro-magnétique, cette tête étant équipée d'une pointe avant (6) de pénétration du sol qui est en saillie à l'extrémité inférieure du tube lorsque la tête est en appui, et on commande le marteau pour transmettre l'énergie de battage à la tête par l'extrémité supérieure ou par l'extrémité inférieure de la cage selon que l'on veut enfoncer le tube ou extraire la tête.1. A method for driving a tube fitted with an internal lateral support (4) into the ground by threshing in the lower part, characterized in that a driving head (2) is applied against this support, the upper part (2a) of which is movable in a cage (13) secured to a hydraulic (3) or electro-magnetic hammer, this head being equipped with a front point (6) for penetrating the ground which projects at the lower end of the tube when the head is in support, and the hammer is controlled to transmit the threshing energy to the head by the upper end or by the lower end of the cage depending on whether one wants to push the tube or extract the head. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on transmet au tube l'énergie de battage de la tête par l'intermédiaire d'un amortisseur (9) interposé entre la tête de fonçage (2) et l'appui de battage (4) pour transformer la courbe de transmission de l'énergie de battage et pour ne transmettre au tube qu'une partie de l'énergie de battage appliquée à la tête.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beating energy of the head is transmitted to the tube by means of a damper (9) interposed between the driving head (2) and the support threshing (4) to transform the threshing energy transmission curve and to transmit only part of the threshing energy applied to the head to the tube. 3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on interpose entre la tête de fonçage (2) et ledit appui (4) un moyen d'accouplement (10,11) qui permet de lever la tête par rapport à l'appui tout en conservant l'accouplement et qui permet aussi de désaccoupler la tête et l'appui.3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that interposed between the driving head (2) and said support (4) a coupling means (10,11) which allows to lift the head with respect to the support while retaining the coupling and which also makes it possible to decouple the head and the support. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un vérin annulaire (10,11) comme moyen d'accouplement.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that an annular cylinder (10,11) is used as the coupling means. 5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des phases durant lesquelles on relève la tête (2) vers le haut sans bouger le tube (1) et on bat ensuite la tête pour enfoncer le tube, la tête revenant à la position qu'elle occupait avant d'être relevée.5. Method according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that it comprises phases during which the head (2) is raised upward without moving the tube (1) and then the head is beaten to depress the tube, the head returning to the position it occupied before being raised. 6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des phases durant lesquelles on désaccouple la tête (2) et l'appui (4) et on bat la tête pour provoquer un enfoncement de la tête sans enfoncer le tube.6. Method according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it comprises phases during which the head (2) and the support (4) are uncoupled and the head is beaten to cause the head to sink. without sinking the tube. 7. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 qui comprend un marteau et des moyens pour constituer dans le tube (1), en partie basse, un appui de battage (4) interne latéral et transversal, laissant dégagée la majeure partie au moins de la section droite du tube caractérisé en ce que le marteau est un marteau hydraulique ou électro-magnétique (3) apte à être introduit dans le tube et muni d'une tête de fonçage (2) dont la partie supérieure (2a) est mobile entre l'extrémité supérieure (13a) et l'extrémité inférieure (13b) d'une cage (13) solidaire du marteau 3, ladite tête étant équipée d'une pointe avant de pénétration (6) qui est en saillie à l'extrémité inférieure du tube lorsque la tête est en appui, ladite tête reposant sur cet appui latéral (4) tout en obturant sensiblement l'extrémité inférieure du tube et ledit marteau pouvant transmettre l'énergie de battage à la tête, soit par l'extrémité supérieure (13a) soit par l'extrémité inférieure (13b) de la cage (13).7. Device for implementing a method according to one of claims 1 to 6 which comprises a hammer and means for forming in the tube (1), in the lower part, a threshing abutment (4) internal lateral and transverse, leaving free at least the major part of the cross section of the tube, characterized in that the hammer is a hydraulic or electro-magnetic hammer (3) able to be introduced into the tube and provided with a driving head (2) the upper part (2a) is movable between the upper end (13a) and the lower end (13b) of a cage (13) integral with the hammer 3, said head being equipped with a front penetration point (6) which protrudes at the lower end of the tube when the head is in support, said head resting on this lateral support (4) while substantially closing the lower end of the tube and said hammer being able to transmit threshing energy to the head , either by the upper end ure (13a) or by the lower end (13b) of the cage (13). 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit appui de battage (4) est constitué par une pièce (5) rapportée à l'extrémité basse du tube.8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said threshing support (4) is constituted by a part (5) attached to the lower end of the tube. 9. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit appui de battage est constitué par des crémaillères (7,7') qui fournissent une pluralité d'appuis étagés.9. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said threshing support is constituted by racks (7,7 ') which provide a plurality of stepped supports. 10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un amortisseur (9) entre l'appui de battage (4,7,7') et la tête de fonçage (2).10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a damper (9) between the threshing support (4,7,7 ') and the driving head (2). 11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'accouplement (10,11) pour réaliser un accouplement sélectif entre la tête et le tube.11. Device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that it comprises coupling means (10,11) for carrying out a selective coupling between the head and the tube. 12. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'accouplement sont constitués par un vérin annulaire (10,11) interposé entre la tête et l'appui de battage.12. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said coupling means are constituted by an annular cylinder (10,11) interposed between the head and the threshing support.
EP93401984A 1992-07-31 1993-07-30 Method and device for forcing a pipe into the soil by ramming, especially for making a pile Expired - Lifetime EP0581688B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9209559A FR2694315B1 (en) 1992-07-31 1992-07-31 Method and device for driving a tube into the ground, by beating, in particular for making a foundation pile
FR9209559 1992-07-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0581688A1 true EP0581688A1 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0581688B1 EP0581688B1 (en) 1996-03-20

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EP93401984A Expired - Lifetime EP0581688B1 (en) 1992-07-31 1993-07-30 Method and device for forcing a pipe into the soil by ramming, especially for making a pile

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5449253A (en)
EP (1) EP0581688B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2794622B2 (en)
AU (1) AU662646B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69301874T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0581688T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2085740T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2694315B1 (en)
HK (1) HK24097A (en)

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CN106400789A (en) * 2016-05-23 2017-02-15 中交第航务工程局有限公司 Pile toe formwork fixing process
WO2017203023A1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-30 Technische Universiteit Delft Foundation pile installation device

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US6715962B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2004-04-06 Smith International, Inc. Assembly and floatation method for drilling drivepipe
NO313340B1 (en) 2000-02-29 2002-09-16 Harald Strand Procedure for piling guide tubes into a water bottom
US6832575B2 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-12-21 Willard D. Carroll, Jr. Point drive stake system
NZ528332A (en) * 2003-09-22 2006-04-28 Ramet Holdings Ltd Impact driver for driving poles, piles or posts including linear induction motor
US20050098087A1 (en) * 2003-11-10 2005-05-12 Carroll Willard D.Jr. Stake driving device and method
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US9416514B2 (en) * 2013-01-29 2016-08-16 Danuser Llc Post driver with limited movement floating post anvil
NL2012858B1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2016-03-15 Ihc Holland Ie Bv Tubular foundation element, assembly and method for installing tubular foundation elements in a ground formation.
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CN104947661B (en) * 2015-06-05 2017-03-01 汤始建华建材（苏州）有限公司 Protection pile top
US9915051B2 (en) * 2015-09-01 2018-03-13 Bahman Niroumand Mandrel for forming an aggregate pier, and aggregate pier compacting system and method
JP6961344B2 (en) * 2016-12-28 2021-11-05 旭化成建材株式会社 Structure of steel pipe pile and its penetration method
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CN109440770B (en) * 2018-12-21 2024-03-29 江西联保工程咨询有限公司 Pile guiding device capable of reducing pile sinking construction noise

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NL2014578A (en) * 2015-04-02 2016-10-10 Ihc Holland Ie Bv A pile driving assembly and a follower.
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CN107466330B (en) * 2015-04-02 2020-03-10 Ihc荷兰Ie有限公司 Pile driving assembly and follower
CN106400789A (en) * 2016-05-23 2017-02-15 中交第航务工程局有限公司 Pile toe formwork fixing process
WO2017203023A1 (en) * 2016-05-25 2017-11-30 Technische Universiteit Delft Foundation pile installation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06322762A (en) 1994-11-22
JP2794622B2 (en) 1998-09-10
DK0581688T3 (en) 1996-07-22
ES2085740T3 (en) 1996-06-01
DE69301874D1 (en) 1996-04-25
FR2694315A1 (en) 1994-02-04
AU4436093A (en) 1994-02-03
HK24097A (en) 1997-02-27
DE69301874T2 (en) 1996-10-10
EP0581688B1 (en) 1996-03-20
AU662646B2 (en) 1995-09-07
FR2694315B1 (en) 1994-10-21
US5449253A (en) 1995-09-12

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