EP0581354B1 - Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression - Google Patents

Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581354B1
EP0581354B1 EP19930201980 EP93201980A EP0581354B1 EP 0581354 B1 EP0581354 B1 EP 0581354B1 EP 19930201980 EP19930201980 EP 19930201980 EP 93201980 A EP93201980 A EP 93201980A EP 0581354 B1 EP0581354 B1 EP 0581354B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
coating
wall
pressure gas
gas discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930201980
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0581354A1 (fr
Inventor
Petrus Martinus Gerardus Van Gennip
Mark Josephus Lucien Maria Van Dommelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP19930201980 priority Critical patent/EP0581354B1/fr
Publication of EP0581354A1 publication Critical patent/EP0581354A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0581354B1 publication Critical patent/EP0581354B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp comprising:
  • Such a high-pressure gas discharge lamp is known from US 4 594 529.
  • the known lamp is suitable for use as a vehicle headlamp and has electrode rods which may or may not have an enveloping winding at their ends and which may be made of, for example, thoriated tungsten.
  • the known lamp has only a short life when it is frequently switched on and switched off again after a short operating period.
  • the lamp vessel is then found to have become leaky, owing to which filling components have escaped and the lamp no longer ignites, or the lamp vessel is then cracked.
  • a seal is made in which one or several said metal foils are enclosed in the wall.
  • the quartz glass is softened at the area where this seal is to be created in the presence of the metal foil, the external current conductor and the electrode rod.
  • the electrode rod contracts more strongly than does the quartz glass, glass having a SiO 2 content of at least 98% by weight (approximately 6 x 10 -7 K -1 ) in which it is embedded. This creates a capillary space around the said rod. No such capillary space is created around the metal foil, often a molybdenum foil, because of the foil shape.
  • US 3 868 528-A discloses a metal halide lamp in which current supply conductors for a main and for a auxiliary electrode are enclosed in a seal of the lamp vessel next to one another. Under the influence of their opposite potentials and of metal halide, devitrification of the seal may occur in this lamp. To prevent this, the spaces surrounding the electrode rods in this lamp are filled with an alkaline earth-aluminosilicate glass with a comparatively low melting point and with a linear thermal coefficient of expansion which is close to that of tungsten.
  • a disadvantage of this is that the electrode rod must be kept above the metal foil while the seal is being made in order to allow the silicate glass to flow into the space around the rod and to keep it there.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a high-pressure gas discharge lamp of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which is of a simple construction and in which premature failure is counteracted.
  • this object is achieved in that in the wall the electrode rods have a circumferential coating of quartz glass, at least adjacent the respective metal foil, which coating is mechanically unconnected with the quartz glass of the wall.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that the electrode rods must be given a greater mass without substantially changing their electrical characteristics and the characteristics of the discharge thereby.
  • the quartz glass coating of the electrode rods increases the mass of the rods and thus their heat capacity, the energy required for one degree of temperature rise, and also increases their diameter and thus their heat conductance. On the other hand, their electrical conductance does not increase.
  • the increased mass decelerates the temperature rise of the rods during lamp ignition, so that the surrounding quartz glass of the wall is given an opportunity of assuming a higher temperature and expanding owing to the permanent contact with the embedded metal foil, partly also as a result of the heat generated in this foil by the current passage.
  • the high-pressure gas discharge lamp according to the invention is very easy to manufacture.
  • Manufacture may start, for example, with electrode rods which have an additive, e.g. ThO 2 , at least at their surfaces.
  • the rods, fastened to the metal foil with the external current conductor, are enclosed in the wall of the lamp vessel in that the glass of the lamp vessel under manufacture is locally heated and brought into contact with the said metal parts. Contraction takes place upon cooling-down. Strain is created by this in the glass, which causes the glass to crack, whereby the circumferential quartz glass coating of the rods is obtained, mechanically unconnected with the glass of the wall owing to the said crack.
  • the crack follows a path which has such a shape that strain at the surface of the coating is at a minimum: the crack starts at an acute angle ⁇ to the rod in the location where the rod loses its contact with the wall adjacent the discharge space, runs on in a substantially cylindrical shape towards the metal foil and ends there at an acute angle to the rod.
  • the vacuumtight seal of the lamp vessel is present, as usual, in a zone between the ends of the metal foil. If the electrode rod should continue to outside the lamp vessel, and accordingly no embedded metal foil were connected to it, the lamp vessel would obviously be leaky from the start.
  • the coatings of individual lamps of one kind may have varying lengths because the rod loses its contact with the wall in locations which vary from lamp to lamp when the seal is made. This may be due to small variations in the temperature of the quartz glass during making of the seal.
  • the wall portions facing towards the discharge space are heated as little as possible so as to avoid deformation. Accordingly, there is a strong temperature gradient during making of the seal, the location of which may be subject to minor variations. If during sealing a location which will be situated in the seal in an individual lamp has a less high temperature than would otherwise be the case, the quartz glass in that location is comparatively viscous and no adhesion to the rod takes place in that location. The glass of that location then has no contact with the rod upon cooling down.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in spite of variations in the length of the coating, i.e. of the longitudinal portion of the electrode rod which has the coating.
  • this coating is achieved at a result of the high temperature and the close contact between the quartz glass and the current lead-through in that spot during sealing, or under the pressure exerted by the pinching blocks on the electrode rod during making of a pinched seal.
  • the quartz glass of the coating has a strong adhesion to the electrode rod owing to the additive present at least at the surface of said rod and which has penetrated into the layer of the coating which adjoins the interface between the electrode rod and the coating.
  • the lamp has the advantage that the passage which has arisen owing to the crack has only a very small width, smaller than the width of the said capillary space.
  • EP 0 330 268-A1 discloses electrical lamps which are closed in a vacuumtight manner and in which a tungsten wire does run directly from outside the lamp vessel through its wall into the interior.
  • This wire accordingly has a coating of quartz glass to which the wall, however, is sealed between the coating's ends, so that the coating projects from the wall both inside and outside the lamp vessel.
  • the coating is provided separately and ends at both sides at an acute angle. It is essential that the coating comprises an additive, such as thorium, in a layer which adjoins the metal/glass interface. It may nevertheless be advantageous, as it is in the lamp according to the present invention, to use a conventional current lead-through comprising a foil portion, because the industrial use thereof is very familiar.
  • the surface of the rod must be provided with this additive in order to achieve that the quartz glass will adhere to the rod.
  • the rod may be oxidized first and the tungsten oxide may be removed by evaporation, so that a skin is removed from the rod.
  • the additive present in this skin remains behind at the surface.
  • additives may be provided on the surface of the rod, for example, in the form of a suspension, according to the cited EP Application. When the quartz glass coating is provided, the additive then penetrates the coating in a layer adjoining the metal/glass interface, thus achieving adhesion to the rod.
  • additives which may be used are, for example, thorium, hafnium, chromium, aluminium, titanium, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zirconium, lanthanum, scandium, lanthanides, niobium, boron, yttrium, as elements or in the form of oxides or salts.
  • the presence of the added element in the glass of the coating at the metal/coating interface can be demonstrated in a "Scanning Electron Microscope” by means of "Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays” or “Wavelength Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays”.
  • the process may start with electrode rods which contain rhenium at least at their surfaces.
  • Rhenium may have been provided, for example, as a suspension or as a suspension of its oxide or of a salt. When an oxide or salt is heated, for example to 2200° C, the compound is dissociated and rhenium remains behind.
  • manufacture may start with tungsten/rhenium wire, for example, comprising one to several % by weight of rhenium, and rhenium may be brought to the surface in that the wire is oxidized and tungsten oxide is evaporated.
  • the coating of the electrode rods may alternatively be provided in a separate step preceding the manufacture of the lamp, for example, by means of a quartz glass tube.
  • the high-pressure gas discharge lamp according to the invention may be used, for example, as a vehicle headlamp, or in an optical system of a different kind.
  • the lamp may be fixed in a lamp cap, and may or may not be surrounded by an outer envelope.
  • a lamp cap may or may not be integrated with a reflector.
  • the metal foils may be embedded next to one another in one region of the wall, or they may be embedded in regions situated at a distance from one another, for example, opposite one another.
  • the high-pressure gas discharge lamp in the drawing has a lamp vessel 1 which is closed in a vacuumtight manner and has a quartz glass wall 2 enclosing a discharge space 3.
  • Metal foils 4 connected to respective external current conductors 5 are embedded in the lamp vessel wall.
  • Tungsten electrode rods 6 are each connected to a respective one of said metal foils, in the Figure made of Mo with 0.5% Y 2 O 3 by weight, and project from the lamp vessel wall into the discharge space. As ususal the metal foils have feathered edges. An ionizable filling is present in the discharge space.
  • the electrode rods 6 each have a circumferential coating 7 of quartz glass, which is mechanically unconnected with the glass of the wall 2.
  • the electrode rods 6 comprise an additive which is present at least in a layer of the coating 7 adjoining the interface of electrode rod 6 and the coating.
  • the additive comprises an element chosen from the group consisting of thorium, hafnium, chromium, aluminium, titanium, tantalum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zirconium, lanthanum, scandium, lanthanides, niobium, boron, and yttrium.
  • the electrode rods 6 of Figs. 1 and 2 comprise a small quantity of tungsten crystal growth regulating means, such as 0.01% by weight in total of K, Al, and Si, and as an additive 1.5% ThO 2 by weight distributed through said rods.
  • the tungsten crystals have an average size of 3 * 3 * 10 ⁇ m 3 .
  • a skin was removed from the rods 6 in that the latter were oxidized and the formed oxides were removed, whereby ThO 2 was brought to the surface.
  • the rods 6, which are connected to the metal foils 4 with connected thereto the external conductors 5, made of Mo in the present embodiment, were partly enclosed in the lamp vessel wall in that the quartz glass was fused to them, or in that the quartz glass was pinched so as to make a pinched seal.
  • the lamp vessel is surrounded by an outer envelope 9 and coupled thereto.
  • the lamp may be gripped by a lamp cap at a metal clamping sleeve 10.
  • the lamp has a filling of mercury, sodium iodide and scandium iodide, and xenon, for example, xenon at a pressure of 7 bar at room temperature, and consumes a power of 35 W during operation at rated voltage.
  • the electrode rod 6 has a coating 7 inside the wall 2 of the lamp vessel 1 at least adjacent to the metal foil 4.
  • the coating is fully circumferential and made of quartz glass, the glass of the lamp vessel 1.
  • the coating is substantially cylindrical in shape with tapering ends near the foil 4 and at the area where the rod loses its contact with the glass. As a result, the coating has an acute edge angle ⁇ .
  • the broken line 7' indicates that layer of the coating 7 which adjoins the electrode rod/coating interface. It is noted that the lamp vessel wall at the area indicated with 2' is not deformed during making of the seal because the lamp vessel under manufacture had already been given its final shape in that location before. No close circumferential contact between the rod and the glass was effected in this location.
  • the temperature of the quartz glass is always sufficiently high for achieving close contact, and thus adhesion, during lamp manufacture.
  • the electrode rod has a thickness of 250 ⁇ m and the coating has a layer thickness of approximately 40 ⁇ m. It can be seen that the coating 7 and the crack surrounding it end at the weld 4' between the rod and the foil, or at the foil.
  • the seal 2 is vacuumtight in a zone between the external current conductor and the electrode rod 4.
  • the lamp vessel 1 is enclosed in a different outer envelope 9' and coupled thereto.
  • the lamp vessel is fixed in a lamp cap 8 of the bayonet type, provided with a central pin contact 11 and a ring contact 12 which are connected to respective electrode rods 6, the ring contact via a connection conductor 13.
  • the electrode rods have Y 2 O 3 as the additive, both in their bulk, 3% by weight, and in the glass of their coatings.
  • the lamp vessel 1 is enclosed in a different lamp cap 8' which has contacts 11' and 12' at cables issuing to the exterior.
  • the electrode rods 6 comprise HfO 2 as the additive in a layer of the coating which adjoins the electrode rod/coating interface.
  • a ceramic insulator 14 is present around the connection conductor 13.
  • the lamp of Fig. 4 has electrode rods of tungsten with 1% rhenium by weight distributed therein. Rhenium is also present at the surface, whereby a strong adhesion between the quartz glass coating and the electrode rods is obtained owing to the interlocking surface structures of the rods and their coatings.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Lampe à décharge dans le gaz à haute pression comprenant:
    une enceinte à décharge (1) qui est fermée d'une façon étanche au vide et qui est munie d'une paroi en verre de quartz (2) enfermant un espace à décharge (3);
    des feuilles métalliques (4) noyées dans la paroi de l'enceinte à décharge et connectées chacune à un conducteur de courant externe respectif (5);
    des broches d'électrode en tungstène (6) qui peuvent être munies d'un additif, qui sont connectées chacune à l'une desdites feuilles métalliques et qui font saillie de la paroi de l'enceinte à décharge dans l'espace à décharge;
    un remplissage ionisable disposé dans l'espace à décharge,
       caractérisée en ce que les broches d'électrode (6) disposées dans la paroi (2) sont munies d'un revêtement circonférentiel (7) en verre de quartz, disposé au moins près de la feuille métallique respective (4), lequel revêtement n'est pas relié mécaniquement au verre de quartz de la paroi (2).
  2. Lampe à décharge dans le gaz à haute pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les broches d'électrode (6) munies du revêtement présentent un additif prévu au moins dans une couche du revêtement (7), qui avoisine l'interface de la broche d'électrode (6) et le revêtement pour améliorer l'adhérence du revêtement (7) à la broche d'électrode.
  3. Lampe à décharge dans le gaz à haute pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'additif contient un élément choisi dans le groupe comprenant le thorium, le hafnium, le chrome, l'aluminium, le titane, le tantale, le magnésium, le calcium, le strontium, le baryum, le zirconium, le lanthane, le scandium, les lanthanides, le niobium, le bore et l'yttrium.
  4. Lampe à décharge dans le gaz à haute pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les broches d'électrode contiennent du rhénium, au moins à leur surface.
  5. Lampe à décharge dans le gaz à haute pression selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la lampe est maintenue dans un culot de lampe (8).
EP19930201980 1992-07-13 1993-07-07 Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression Expired - Lifetime EP0581354B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19930201980 EP0581354B1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1993-07-07 Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92202132 1992-07-13
EP92202132 1992-07-13
EP19930201980 EP0581354B1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1993-07-07 Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0581354A1 EP0581354A1 (fr) 1994-02-02
EP0581354B1 true EP0581354B1 (fr) 1998-04-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930201980 Expired - Lifetime EP0581354B1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1993-07-07 Lampe à décharge électrique à haute pression

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EP (1) EP0581354B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5598063A (en) * 1992-12-16 1997-01-28 General Electric Company Means for supporting and sealing the lead structure of a lamp
DE29507422U1 (de) * 1994-05-10 1995-06-29 Philips Electronics N.V., Eindhoven Gesockelte Hochdruckentladungslampe
CN1145133A (zh) * 1994-12-23 1997-03-12 菲利浦电子有限公司 有帽的电灯
WO1998037570A1 (fr) * 1997-02-24 1998-08-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe aux halogenures haute pression
DE69915253T2 (de) 1998-06-30 2005-01-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Hochdruckentladungslampe
ES2209436T3 (es) 1998-06-30 2004-06-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampara de descarga de gas de alta presion.
CN1293598C (zh) * 1998-12-21 2007-01-03 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 电灯
CN1235260C (zh) * 2001-03-30 2006-01-04 松下电器产业株式会社 汽车前灯用金属卤化物灯
JP2008506229A (ja) * 2004-07-06 2008-02-28 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 放電ランプ
EP1797580A2 (fr) * 2004-09-30 2007-06-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe electrique
DE102007015740A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Christoph Schwellenbach Bräunungsvorrichtung zur UV-Bestrahlung der menschlichen Haut
DE102007015738A1 (de) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Christoph Schwellenbach Lampe zur Verwendung als Bestrahlungsphase bei einer Bestrahlungsvorrichtung zur UV-Bestrahlung der menschlichen Haut

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868528A (en) * 1974-01-14 1975-02-25 Gen Electric Quartz pinches containing sealant glass
JPH0330995Y2 (fr) * 1985-06-14 1991-07-01
EP0410511A1 (fr) * 1989-07-24 1991-01-30 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0581354A1 (fr) 1994-02-02

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