EP0580585B1 - Tunnel-driving machine - Google Patents

Tunnel-driving machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0580585B1
EP0580585B1 EP92903024A EP92903024A EP0580585B1 EP 0580585 B1 EP0580585 B1 EP 0580585B1 EP 92903024 A EP92903024 A EP 92903024A EP 92903024 A EP92903024 A EP 92903024A EP 0580585 B1 EP0580585 B1 EP 0580585B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting wheel
central
driving machine
tunnel
machine according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92903024A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0580585A1 (en
Inventor
Gebhard Lehmann
Rolf Heerssen
Martin Herrenknecht
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Herrenknecht GmbH
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Herrenknecht GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
    • E21D9/0657—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end structurally associated with rock crushers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield
    • E21D9/0875—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket
    • E21D9/0879—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield with a movable support arm carrying cutting tools for attacking the front face, e.g. a bucket the shield being provided with devices for lining the tunnel, e.g. shuttering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine for drilling a tunnel with a shield that can be driven into the ground, in which a drivable and equipped with removal tools outer cutting wheel and a center cutter arranged in the hub area of the cutting wheel and rotatable relative to the cutting wheel and also having removal tools are arranged with a central cutting wheel and are provided in the funding for the removal of the accumulated overburden.
  • Such a tunnel boring machine is described in DE-A-1 534 612.
  • the center cutter of the known object is arranged on a sun shaft which is driven by the outer cutting wheel via planetary and sun pinions and is thus geared to the rotational movement of the outer cutting wheel.
  • the direction of rotation of the center cutter is provided in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the outer cutting wheel, the aim being the same average peripheral speed of the two cutting wheels.
  • the soil loosened by the outer cutting wheel with the aid of sharpened disks serving as removal tools can be fed to an endless belt conveyor or a blow line either via a conveyor belt or via a cellular wheel sluice.
  • the center cutter has a three-cone roller chisel as a dismantling tool, in which the overburden is introduced into and removed from the hollow sun shaft through a central opening.
  • the known device ensures good route propulsion, since the opposing drive of the two cutting wheels prevents the formation of an earth plug in the hub region of the tunnel boring machine.
  • the central opening in the center cutter is suitable for receiving drilling dust or smaller rock fragments for removal by the sun wave. Larger fragments of rock can only be removed using the conveying means assigned to the outer cutting wheel. If larger fragments are flushed into the opening of the three-cone roller chisel, even removal can be hindered, which can result in the sun shaft becoming blocked. This applies in particular if the tunnel boring machine is driven by air.
  • a tunnel boring machine with a cutting wheel in which a plurality of roller chisels are arranged as removal tools on the front of the cutting wheel in order to produce a relatively fine-grained overburden.
  • a center cutter is not provided in this device.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a tunnel boring machine, the cutting wheel rotation of which and the removal of overburden can be adapted during the advance to the lithology of the face that has been approached.
  • the center cutter has a drive independent of the outer cutting wheel for both directions of rotation and that the center cutter has at least one entry opening for the soil to be mined, which opens into a crusher chamber.
  • the outer cutting wheel and the center cutter have their own drives, the outer cutting wheel and the center cutter can be controlled independently of one another with regard to their rotational speed and their direction of rotation.
  • the center cutter has at least one entry opening for the soil to be mined.
  • the inlet openings are arranged radially around the axis of rotation of the center cutter and open into a crusher chamber.
  • the crusher chamber is directly connected to a conveying means, preferably a rinsing and suction line, so that the mined soil in the crusher chamber can be removed sufficiently by the center cutter.
  • the rinsing and suction line of the center cutter can be controlled independently of the funding assigned to the outer cutting wheel, so that, for example, at a high speed of the center cutter and at a low speed of the outer cutting wheel, the overburden that accumulates relatively quickly in the hub area can be removed correspondingly more quickly.
  • the central cutting wheel of the center cutter preferably has a rim through which a between the center cutter and the opening in the central cutting wheel for the center cutter, the existing annular gap is covered in the direction of advance.
  • the central cutting wheel of the center cutter is provided with a plurality of inlet openings, at the edges of which peeling knives or other dismantling tools are provided.
  • FIG. 1 can be seen on the front part of a tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring machine for the Tunnel construction provided shield 1 in longitudinal section.
  • the shield 1 has a cylindrical shield shell 2 which is provided with a shield cutting edge 3 at the front end pointing in the direction of advance. Since FIG. 2 has broken off to the right, neither the tail of shield 1 nor the remaining parts of the tunnel boring machine are shown in FIG. 1.
  • a center tube 4 which is short in the axial direction relative to the shield jacket 2, extends coaxially to the shield jacket 2.
  • the center tube 4 is fastened at its right end in FIG. 1 with the help of a pressure wall 5 and at its left end in FIG .
  • Both the pressure wall 5 and the plunge wall 6 are annular, the outer diameter of the ring in each case corresponding to the inner diameter of the shield jacket and the inner diameter of the ring in each case corresponding to the outer diameter of the central tube.
  • the baffle 6 is provided with a baffle opening 7 shown at the bottom in FIG. 1, which can be seen in FIG. 2 in view.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the shield jacket 2 already mentioned and the baffle 6, in front of which an outer cutting wheel 8 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is arranged in the direction of advance.
  • the cutting wheel 8 has a plurality of cutting arms 9.
  • the cutting arms 9 of the outer cutting wheel 8 are each provided with a number of excavation tools 10 which remove the soil in the area of the working face when the tunnel boring machine is being driven, mixing it with water into the back wall through the baffle 6 limited extraction chamber 11 and via the baffle opening 7 into the pressure chamber 12, from where the Soil mixed with water is pumped out via a suction line 13 with the aid of a centrifugal pump to a separating system which is located, for example, above ground.
  • the baffle opening 7 is provided, for example, with a grid consisting of a plurality of bars 14.
  • the cutting wheel 8 has in the area of its hub a receiving opening 15 for receiving a center cutter 16, for example, which is similar to a micromachine and has a central cutting wheel 17.
  • the outer cutting wheel 8 is provided on its rear side, which points away from the removal tools 10, with a connecting flange 18.
  • the connecting flange 18 of the outer cutting wheel 8 is rotatably connected to an output flange 19.
  • the output flange 19 is part of an outer cutting wheel drive 20, via which the outer cutting wheel 8 can be driven both clockwise and counterclockwise.
  • a plurality of hydraulic or electric drive motors 21 are provided, which are coupled to drive pinions 23, of which one is shown in FIG. 1, via reduction gears housed in reduction gear housings 22.
  • the drive pinion 23 is mounted in the main gear housing 24 of the tunnel boring machine and is connected to the reduction gear of the drive motor 21 via a pinion shaft 65.
  • the main transmission housing 24 has a transmission housing inner jacket 25, which is designed as a short piece of pipe and extends between an annular front transmission housing wall 26 and a rear transmission housing wall 27.
  • the main gear housing 24 is attached to the center tube 4.
  • a bearing 28 extends along the center tube 4, the bearing outer ring 29 being fixedly connected to the main transmission housing 24 and the bearing inner ring 30 being firmly connected to the drive flange 19.
  • the bearing inner ring 30 has a toothing 31, in which the teeth of the drive pinion 23 engage.
  • a seal 32 is provided all around the output flange 19, which consists of a seal race 33, a seal carrier 34, a seal package 35 and a clamping ring 36.
  • an inner seal 67 is provided along the output flange 19 and the front gear housing wall 26.
  • a feed water supply line allows water or a water suspension to be introduced into the pressure chamber 12, so that it is continuously filled with liquid, for example up to half the height.
  • the soil removed with the aid of the outer cutting wheel 8 is discharged via the suction line 13 with the aid of the liquid supplied via the water inflow lines when the cutting arms 9 are rotated with the drive motors 21 to the right or left while driving the tunnel boring machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a broken-away partial view and a sectional view and in FIG. 2 a top view against the direction of advance is recognizable.
  • the central cutting wheel 17 of the center cutter 16 has a curved end face 37, in which a plurality of inlet openings 38 are provided.
  • the inlet openings 38 which can be seen in FIG. 2, extend in the radial direction up to a rim 39. Wide spokes 40 are located between the inlet openings 38.
  • removal tools 41 for example peeling knives or picks, are provided along the inlet openings 38.
  • the central cutting wheel 17 has a hub 42 which extends into a conical crusher space 43 and is connected to a drive actuator 44 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a plurality of inner crushing bars 45 extend along the hub 42 in the interior of the cone-shaped crusher chamber 43.
  • the crusher chamber 43 is surrounded by a cone plate 46 which is provided with a multiplicity of outer crushing bars 47.
  • a stone crusher is formed for the soil penetrating through the inlet openings 38. 2 also shows the inner crushing bars 45 and the outer crushing bars 47.
  • the material comminuted in the cone crusher thus formed leaves the crushing space 43 via an annular gap 48 which is connected to a flushing or suction line 49 which extends through the drive actuator 44.
  • the crusher chamber 43 is surrounded by a distributor chamber 50 for feed water, which extends in the radial direction to the housing jacket 51 of the center cutter 16 and in the axial direction to a rear wall 52.
  • a plurality of mouths of feed water lines 53 is provided for feed water, which leaves the distributor space 50 via passages 54, so that material present in the crusher space 43 can be removed via the annular gap 48 and the rinsing and suction line 49.
  • the feed or suction line 49 can convey both liquid to the separating system and feed water from the separating system.
  • a plurality of drive motors 55 for driving the central cutting wheel 17 are provided in the housing shell 51.
  • the drive actuator 44 has a turntable 56 into which pinions 57 of the drive motors 55 engage.
  • the drive actuator 44 is supported by means of a bearing 58, a front seal 59 and rear seal 60 providing the necessary seals.
  • the rim 39 projecting over the annular gap remaining in the receiving opening 15 also has a sealing effect.
  • Fig. 3 shows the front part of a tunnel boring machine, which essentially corresponds to the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the central cutting wheel 17 is provided with other mining tools than shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the center cutter 16 shown there is provided with roller drilling tools 70 which are fastened on a disk-shaped tool carrier plate 71.
  • the tool carrier plate 71 can be seen in a top view in FIG. 4. 4 also shows a plurality of reinforcing ribs 72 and clearing strips 73. Components which are identical to those from FIG. 1 and 2 match, have the same reference numerals in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a series of carbide applications 74 along the circumference of the rim 39 of the central cutting wheel 17 can also be seen in FIG. 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

Proposed is a tunnel-driving machine designed to bore a tunnel and having, in addition to a large outer cutter wheel (8), a smaller central cutter wheel (17) which is mounted near the hub of the outer cutter wheel (8) and which enables the formation of soil plugs and dead cores to be avoided along the longitudinal axis of the cutting wheel (8), thus reducing the resistance of the machine to forward motion.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zum Bohren eines Tunnels mit einem in das Erdreich vortreibbaren Schild, in dem ein antreibbares und mit Abbauwerkzeugen ausgestattetes äußeres Schneidrad und ein im Nabenbereich des Schneidrades angeordneter, gegenüber dem Schneidrad drehbarer, ebenfalls Abbauwerkzeuge aufweisender Zentrumsschneider mit einem zentralen Schneidrad angeordnet sind und in dem Fördermittel zum Abtransport des anfallenden Abraumes vorgesehen sind.The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine for drilling a tunnel with a shield that can be driven into the ground, in which a drivable and equipped with removal tools outer cutting wheel and a center cutter arranged in the hub area of the cutting wheel and rotatable relative to the cutting wheel and also having removal tools are arranged with a central cutting wheel and are provided in the funding for the removal of the accumulated overburden.

In der DE-A-1 534 612 ist eine derartige Tunnelvortriebsmaschine beschrieben. Der Zentrumssechneider des bekannten Gegenstandes ist auf einer Sonnenwelle angeordnet, die von dem äußeren Schneidrad über Planeten- und Sonnenritzel angetrieben ist und somit getrieblich an die Rotationsbewegung des äußeren Schneidrades gekoppelt ist. Die Drehrichtung des Zentrumsschneiders ist gegenläufig zur Drehrichtung des äußeren Schneidrades vorgesehen, wobei eine gleiche mittlere Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der beiden Schneidräder angestrebt ist.Such a tunnel boring machine is described in DE-A-1 534 612. The center cutter of the known object is arranged on a sun shaft which is driven by the outer cutting wheel via planetary and sun pinions and is thus geared to the rotational movement of the outer cutting wheel. The direction of rotation of the center cutter is provided in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the outer cutting wheel, the aim being the same average peripheral speed of the two cutting wheels.

Das von dem äußeren Schneidrad mit Hilfe von als Abbauwerkzeuge dienenden angeschrärften Scheiben gelockerte Erdreich ist wahlweise über ein Förderband oder über eine Zellenradschleuse einem endlosen Bandförderer oder einer Blasleitung zuführbar.The soil loosened by the outer cutting wheel with the aid of sharpened disks serving as removal tools can be fed to an endless belt conveyor or a blow line either via a conveyor belt or via a cellular wheel sluice.

Der Zentrumschneider weist als Abbauwerkzeug einen Dreikegelrollenmeißel auf, in dem durch eine zentrale Öffnung der Abraum in die hohle Sonnenwelle eingebracht und abgeführt wird.The center cutter has a three-cone roller chisel as a dismantling tool, in which the overburden is introduced into and removed from the hollow sun shaft through a central opening.

Die bekannte Vorrichtung gewährleistet bei homogenen geologischen Verhältnissen einen guten Streckenvortrieb, da durch den gegenläufigen Antrieb der beiden Schneidräder eine Erdpfropfbildung im Nabenbereich der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine vermieden ist.In the case of homogeneous geological conditions, the known device ensures good route propulsion, since the opposing drive of the two cutting wheels prevents the formation of an earth plug in the hub region of the tunnel boring machine.

Wechselt beim Streckenvortrieb die angefahrene Lithologie, ist es mit der bekannten Vorrichtung nicht möglich, die durch die Kopplung der beiden Schneidräder bedingte Drehzahl- und Drehrichtungsabhängigkeit zwischen dem äußeren Schneidrad und dem Zentrumsschneider zu verändern, um einen möglichst optimalen Streckenvortrieb aufrechtzuerhalten. Durch Verändern der Drehzahl oder der Drehrichtung ist entweder das äußere Schneidrad oder der Zentrumsschneider den entsprechenden lithologischen Gegebenheiten anpaßbar.If the lithology used during line advance changes, it is not possible with the known device to change the speed and direction of rotation dependence caused by the coupling of the two cutting wheels between the outer cutting wheel and the center cutter in order to maintain the best possible line advance. By changing the speed or the direction of rotation, either the outer cutting wheel or the center cutter can be adapted to the corresponding lithological conditions.

Die zentrale Öffnung in dem Zentrumsschneider ist zur Aufnahme von Bohrmehl oder kleineren Gesteinsbruchstücken für einen Abtransport durch die Sonnenwelle geeignet. Größere Gesteinsbruchstücke sind nur über die dem äußeren Schneidrad zugeordneten Fördermittel abtransportierbar. Werden größere Bruchstücke in die Öffnung des Dreikegelrollenmeißeles eingespült, kann ein gleichmäßiger Abtransport behindert sein, was eine Verstopfung der Sonnenwelle zur Folge haben kann. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine luftgestützt vorgetrieben wird.The central opening in the center cutter is suitable for receiving drilling dust or smaller rock fragments for removal by the sun wave. Larger fragments of rock can only be removed using the conveying means assigned to the outer cutting wheel. If larger fragments are flushed into the opening of the three-cone roller chisel, even removal can be hindered, which can result in the sun shaft becoming blocked. This applies in particular if the tunnel boring machine is driven by air.

Aus der WO 81/00590 ist eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem Schneidrad bekannt, bei der zur Erzeugung eines relativ feinkörnigen Abraumes eine Vielzahl von Rollenmeißeln als Abbauwerkzeuge an der Vorderseite des Schneidrades angeordnet sind. Ein Zentrumsschneider ist bei dieser Vorrichtung jedoch nicht vorgesehen.From WO 81/00590 a tunnel boring machine with a cutting wheel is known, in which a plurality of roller chisels are arranged as removal tools on the front of the cutting wheel in order to produce a relatively fine-grained overburden. However, a center cutter is not provided in this device.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zu schaffen, deren Schneidradrotation und deren Abraumabtransport beim Vortrieb an die Lithologie der angefahrenen Ortsbrust anpaßbar ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a tunnel boring machine, the cutting wheel rotation of which and the removal of overburden can be adapted during the advance to the lithology of the face that has been approached.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Zentrumsschneider über einen vom äußeren Schneidrad unabhängigen Antrieb für beide Drehrichtungen verfügt und daß der Zentrumsschneider wenigstens eine Eintrittsöffnung für das abzubauende Erdreich aufweist, die in einen Brecherraum mündet.This object is achieved in that the center cutter has a drive independent of the outer cutting wheel for both directions of rotation and that the center cutter has at least one entry opening for the soil to be mined, which opens into a crusher chamber.

Da das äußere Schneidrad und der Zentrumsschneider über eigene Antriebe verfügen, sind das äußere Schneidrad und der Zentrumsschneider unabhängig voneinander bezüglich ihrer Rotationsgeschwindigkeit und ihrer Drehrichtung steuerbar.Since the outer cutting wheel and the center cutter have their own drives, the outer cutting wheel and the center cutter can be controlled independently of one another with regard to their rotational speed and their direction of rotation.

Um auch gröberes Material im Nabenbereich der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine zentral abzuführen, verfügt der Zentrumsschneider über wenigstens eine Eintrittsöffnung für das abzubauende Erdreich. Die Eintrittsöffnungen sind radial um die Drehachse des Zentrumsschneiders angeordnet und münden in einen Brecherraum. Der Brecherraum steht unmittelbar mit einem Fördermittel, vorzugsweise einer Spül- und Absaugleitung, in Verbindung steht, so daß das abgebaute Erdreich im Brecherraum ausreichend nachzerkleinert von dem Zentrumsschneider abführbar ist.In order to also remove coarser material centrally in the hub area of the tunnel boring machine, the center cutter has at least one entry opening for the soil to be mined. The inlet openings are arranged radially around the axis of rotation of the center cutter and open into a crusher chamber. The crusher chamber is directly connected to a conveying means, preferably a rinsing and suction line, so that the mined soil in the crusher chamber can be removed sufficiently by the center cutter.

Die Spül- und Absaugleitung des Zentrumsscheiders ist unabhängig von dem dem äußeren Schneidrad zugeordneten Fördermittel steuerbar, so daß beispielsweise bei einer hohen Drehzahl des Zentrumsschneiders und bei einer geringen Drehzahl des äußeren Schneidrades der im Nabenbereich relativ rascher anfallende Abraum entsprechend rascher abführbar ist.The rinsing and suction line of the center cutter can be controlled independently of the funding assigned to the outer cutting wheel, so that, for example, at a high speed of the center cutter and at a low speed of the outer cutting wheel, the overburden that accumulates relatively quickly in the hub area can be removed correspondingly more quickly.

Das zentrale Schneidrad des Zentrumsschneiders verfügt vorzugsweise über eine Felge, durch die ein zwischen dem Zentrumsschneider und der Öffnung im zentralen Schneidrad für den Zentrumsschneider vorhandener Ringspalt in Vortriebsrichtung abgedeckt ist. Bei einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist das zentrale Schneidrad des Zentrumsschneiders mit mehreren Eintrittsöffnungen versehen, an deren Berandung jeweils Schälmesser oder sonstige Abbauwerkzeuge vorgesehen sind. Insbesondere ist es möglich, das zentrale Schneidrad mit mehreren in Vortriebsrichtung arbeitenden Rollenmeißeln auszustatten. Entlang der Felge des zentralen Schneidrades des Zentrumsschneiders können Karbidaufträge vorgesehen sein.The central cutting wheel of the center cutter preferably has a rim through which a between the center cutter and the opening in the central cutting wheel for the center cutter, the existing annular gap is covered in the direction of advance. In one embodiment of the invention, the central cutting wheel of the center cutter is provided with a plurality of inlet openings, at the edges of which peeling knives or other dismantling tools are provided. In particular, it is possible to equip the central cutting wheel with a plurality of roller chisels working in the direction of advance. Carbide applications can be provided along the rim of the central cutter wheel of the center cutter.

Nachfolgend werden zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
den vorderen Schildbereich einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine gemäß der Erfindung im Schnitt mit einer ausgebrochenen Teilansicht des Zentrumsschneiders,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht auf die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Ansicht entgegen der Vortriebsrichtung,
Fig. 3
ein gegenüber Fig. 1 abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem Rollenbohrwerkzeuge aufweisenden Zentrumsschneider und
Fig. 4
eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Ansicht des Zentrumsschneiders in einer gegenüber den Fig. 2 und 3 etwas vergrößerten Darstellung.
Two exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
the front shield area of a tunnel boring machine according to the invention in section with a broken partial view of the center cutter,
Fig. 2
1 in a view against the direction of advance,
Fig. 3
an modified embodiment of FIG. 1 of the tunnel boring machine according to the invention with a center cutter having roller boring tools and
Fig. 4
a view corresponding to FIG. 2 of the center cutter in a somewhat enlarged representation compared to FIGS. 2 and 3.

In Fig. 1 erkennt man den am vorderen Teil einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine oder Tunnelbohrmaschine für den Tunnelbau vorgesehenen Schild 1 im Längsschnitt. Der Schild 1 weist einen zylindrischen Schildmantel 2 auf, der an dem in Vortriebsrichtung weisenden vorderen Ende mit einer Schildschneide 3 versehen ist. Da die Fig. 2 nach rechts abgebrochen ist, sind in Fig. 1 weder der Schildschwanz des Schildes 1 noch die übrigen Teile der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine dargestellt.In Fig. 1 can be seen on the front part of a tunnel boring machine or tunnel boring machine for the Tunnel construction provided shield 1 in longitudinal section. The shield 1 has a cylindrical shield shell 2 which is provided with a shield cutting edge 3 at the front end pointing in the direction of advance. Since FIG. 2 has broken off to the right, neither the tail of shield 1 nor the remaining parts of the tunnel boring machine are shown in FIG. 1.

Koaxial zum Schildmantel 2 erstreckt sich ein in axialer Richtung gegenüber dem Schildmantel 2 kurzes Zentrumsrohr 4. Das Zentrumsrohr 4 ist an seinem in Fig. 1 rechten Ende mit Hilfe einer Druckwand 5 und an seinem in Fig. 1 linken Ende mit Hilfe einer Tauchwand 6 befestigt. Sowohl die Druckwand 5 als auch die Tauchwand 6 sind ringförmig ausgebildet, wobei der Außendurchmesser des Ringes jeweils dem Schildmantelinnendurchmesser und der Innendurchmesser des Ringes jeweils dem Zentrumsrohraußendurchmesser entspricht.A center tube 4, which is short in the axial direction relative to the shield jacket 2, extends coaxially to the shield jacket 2. The center tube 4 is fastened at its right end in FIG. 1 with the help of a pressure wall 5 and at its left end in FIG . Both the pressure wall 5 and the plunge wall 6 are annular, the outer diameter of the ring in each case corresponding to the inner diameter of the shield jacket and the inner diameter of the ring in each case corresponding to the outer diameter of the central tube.

Die Tauchwand 6 ist mit einer in Fig. 1 unten dargestellten Tauchwandöffnung 7 versehen, die in Fig. 2 in Ansicht zu erkennen ist.The baffle 6 is provided with a baffle opening 7 shown at the bottom in FIG. 1, which can be seen in FIG. 2 in view.

In Fig. 2 erkennt man den bereits erwähnten Schildmantel 2 und die Tauchwand 6, vor der in Vortriebsrichtung ein in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestelltes äußeres Schneidrad 8 angeordnet ist.2 shows the shield jacket 2 already mentioned and the baffle 6, in front of which an outer cutting wheel 8 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is arranged in the direction of advance.

Das Schneidrad 8 verfügt über mehrere Schneidarme 9. Die Schneidarme 9 des äußeren Schneidrades 8 sind jeweils mit mehreren Abbauwerkzeugen 10 versehen, die beim Vortrieb der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine das Erdreich im Bereich der Ortsbrust abtragen, wobei dieses vermischt mit Wasser in die durch die Tauchwand 6 nach hinten begrenzte Abbaukammer 11 und über die Tauchwandöffnung 7 in die Druckkammer 12 gelangt, von wo aus das mit Wasser vermischte Erdreich über eine Saugleitung 13 mit Hilfe einer Kreiselpumpe zu einer Separieranlage abgepumpt wird, die sich zum Beispiel über Tage befindet. Um ein Verstopfen der Saugleitung 13 zu vermeiden, ist zum Beispiel die Tauchwandöffnung 7 mit einem aus mehreren Gitterstäben 14 bestehenden Gitter versehen.The cutting wheel 8 has a plurality of cutting arms 9. The cutting arms 9 of the outer cutting wheel 8 are each provided with a number of excavation tools 10 which remove the soil in the area of the working face when the tunnel boring machine is being driven, mixing it with water into the back wall through the baffle 6 limited extraction chamber 11 and via the baffle opening 7 into the pressure chamber 12, from where the Soil mixed with water is pumped out via a suction line 13 with the aid of a centrifugal pump to a separating system which is located, for example, above ground. In order to avoid clogging of the suction line 13, the baffle opening 7 is provided, for example, with a grid consisting of a plurality of bars 14.

Das Schneidrad 8 verfügt im Bereich seiner Nabe über eine Aufnahmeöffnung 15 zur Aufnahme eines beispielsweise ähnlich einer Mikromaschine ausgebildeten Zentrumsschneiders 16 mit einem zentralen Schneidrad 17.The cutting wheel 8 has in the area of its hub a receiving opening 15 for receiving a center cutter 16, for example, which is similar to a micromachine and has a central cutting wheel 17.

Das äußere Schneidrad 8 ist an seiner von den Abbauwerkzeugen 10 wegweisenden Rückseite mit einem Anschlußflansch 18 versehen. Der Anschlußflansch 18 des äußeren Schneidrades 8 ist mit einem Abtriebsflansch 19 drehfest verbunden. Der Abtriebsflansch 19 ist Teil eines äußeren Schneidradantriebs 20, über den das äußere Schneidrad 8 sowohl rechtsdrehend als auch linksdrehend angetrieben werden kann. Dazu sind mehrere hydraulische oder elektrische Antriebsmotoren 21 vorgesehen, die über in Untersetzungsgetriebegehäusen 22 untergebrachten Untersetzungsgetrieben mit Antriebsritzeln 23 gekoppelt sind, von denen in Fig. 1 eins dargestellt ist.The outer cutting wheel 8 is provided on its rear side, which points away from the removal tools 10, with a connecting flange 18. The connecting flange 18 of the outer cutting wheel 8 is rotatably connected to an output flange 19. The output flange 19 is part of an outer cutting wheel drive 20, via which the outer cutting wheel 8 can be driven both clockwise and counterclockwise. For this purpose, a plurality of hydraulic or electric drive motors 21 are provided, which are coupled to drive pinions 23, of which one is shown in FIG. 1, via reduction gears housed in reduction gear housings 22.

Das Antriebsritzel 23 ist im Hauptgetriebegehäuse 24 der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine gelagert und über eine Ritzelwelle 65 mit dem Untersetzungsgetriebe des Antriebsmotors 21 verbunden. Das Hauptgetriebegehäuse 24 verfügt über einen Getriebegehäuseinnenmantel 25, der als kurzes Rohrstück ausgebildet ist und sich zwischen einer ringförmigen vorderen Getriebegehäusewand 26 und einer hinteren Getriebegehäusewand 27 erstreckt.The drive pinion 23 is mounted in the main gear housing 24 of the tunnel boring machine and is connected to the reduction gear of the drive motor 21 via a pinion shaft 65. The main transmission housing 24 has a transmission housing inner jacket 25, which is designed as a short piece of pipe and extends between an annular front transmission housing wall 26 and a rear transmission housing wall 27.

Wie man in Fig. 1 erkennt, ist das Hauptgetriebegehäuse 24 am Zentrumsrohr 4 befestigt. Entlang dem Zentrumsrohr 4 erstreckt sich ein Lager 28, wobei der Lageraußenring 29 fest mit dem Hauptgetriebegehäuse 24 und der Lagerinnenring 30 mit dem Antriebsflansch 19 fest verbunden ist. Der Lagerinnenring 30 verfügt über eine Verzahnung 31, in die die Zähne des Antriebsritzels 23 eingreifen.As can be seen in Fig. 1, the main gear housing 24 is attached to the center tube 4. A bearing 28 extends along the center tube 4, the bearing outer ring 29 being fixedly connected to the main transmission housing 24 and the bearing inner ring 30 being firmly connected to the drive flange 19. The bearing inner ring 30 has a toothing 31, in which the teeth of the drive pinion 23 engage.

Um zu verhindern, daß Material aus der Abbaukammer 11 in das Lager 28 eindringen kann, ist umlaufend um den Abtriebsflansch 19 eine Dichtung 32 vorgesehen, die aus einem Dichtungslaufring 33, einem Dichtungsträger 34, einem Dichtungspacket 35 und einem Klemmring 36 besteht. Außerdem ist eine innere Dichtung 67 entlang dem Abtriebsflansch 19 und der vorderen Getriebegehäusewand 26 vorgesehen.To prevent material from the mining chamber 11 from penetrating into the bearing 28, a seal 32 is provided all around the output flange 19, which consists of a seal race 33, a seal carrier 34, a seal package 35 and a clamping ring 36. In addition, an inner seal 67 is provided along the output flange 19 and the front gear housing wall 26.

Eine in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Speisewasserzuflußleitung gestattet es, Wasser oder eine Wassersuspension in die Druckkammer 12 einzubringen, so daß diese beispielsweise bis zur halben Höhe dauernd mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist. Das mit Hilfe des äußeren Schneidrades 8 abgetragene Erdreich wird mit Hilfe der über die Wasserzuflußleitungen zugeführten Flüssigkeit über die Saugleitung 13 abgeführt, wenn die Schneidarme 9 mit Hilfe der Antriebsmotoren 21 rechts oder links drehend während eines Vortriebs der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine gedreht werden.A feed water supply line, not shown in the drawing, allows water or a water suspension to be introduced into the pressure chamber 12, so that it is continuously filled with liquid, for example up to half the height. The soil removed with the aid of the outer cutting wheel 8 is discharged via the suction line 13 with the aid of the liquid supplied via the water inflow lines when the cutting arms 9 are rotated with the drive motors 21 to the right or left while driving the tunnel boring machine.

Um zu vermeiden, daß sich im Nabenbereich des äußeren Schneidrades 8 ein toter Kern bildet, ist das bereits erwähnte zentrale Schneidrad 17 vorgesehen, das in Fig. 1 in einer ausgebrochenen Teilansicht und einer Schnittansicht sowie in Fig. 2 in einer Draufsicht entgegen der Vortriebsrichtung zu erkennen ist.In order to avoid that a dead core forms in the hub area of the outer cutting wheel 8, the already mentioned central cutting wheel 17 is provided, which in FIG. 1 shows a broken-away partial view and a sectional view and in FIG. 2 a top view against the direction of advance is recognizable.

Das zentrale Schneidrad 17 des Zentrumsschneiders 16 verfügt über eine gewölbte Stirnfläche 37, in der mehrere Eintrittsöffnungen 38 vorgesehen sind. Die in Fig. 2 erkennbaren Eintrittsöffnungen 38 erstrecken sich in radialer Richtung bis zu einer Felge 39. Zwischen den Eintrittsöffnungen 38 befinden sich breite Speichen 40.The central cutting wheel 17 of the center cutter 16 has a curved end face 37, in which a plurality of inlet openings 38 are provided. The inlet openings 38, which can be seen in FIG. 2, extend in the radial direction up to a rim 39. Wide spokes 40 are located between the inlet openings 38.

Wie man in Fig. 2 erkennen kann, sind entlang den Eintrittsöffnungen 38 Abbauwerkzeuge 41, beispielsweise Schälmesser oder Rundschaftsmeißel vorgesehen.As can be seen in FIG. 2, removal tools 41, for example peeling knives or picks, are provided along the inlet openings 38.

Das zentrale Schneidrad 17 verfügt über eine Nabe 42, die in einem konusförmigen Brecherraum 43 hineinreicht und mit einem Antriebsteller 44 drehfest verbunden ist.The central cutting wheel 17 has a hub 42 which extends into a conical crusher space 43 and is connected to a drive actuator 44 in a rotationally fixed manner.

Entlang der Nabe 42 erstrecken sich im Innern des konusförmigen Brecherraums 43 mehrere innere Brechleisten 45. Der Brecherraum 43 ist von einem Konusblech 46 umgeben, das mit einer Vielzahl von äußeren Brechleisten 47 versehen ist. Auf diese Weise wird ein Steinbrecher für das durch die Eintrittsöffnungen 38 eindringende Erdreich gebildet. In Fig. 2 erkennt man ebenfalls die inneren Brechleisten 45 und die äußeren Brechleisten 47.A plurality of inner crushing bars 45 extend along the hub 42 in the interior of the cone-shaped crusher chamber 43. The crusher chamber 43 is surrounded by a cone plate 46 which is provided with a multiplicity of outer crushing bars 47. In this way, a stone crusher is formed for the soil penetrating through the inlet openings 38. 2 also shows the inner crushing bars 45 and the outer crushing bars 47.

Das im so gebildeten Konusbrecher zerkleinerte Material verläßt den Brechraum 43 über einen Ringspalt 48, der mit einer sich durch den Antriebsteller 44 erstreckenden Spül- oder Absaugleitung 49 in Verbindung steht.The material comminuted in the cone crusher thus formed leaves the crushing space 43 via an annular gap 48 which is connected to a flushing or suction line 49 which extends through the drive actuator 44.

Der Brecherraum 43 ist von einem Verteilerraum 50 für Speisewasser umgeben, der in radialer Richtung bis zum Gehäusemantel 51 des Zentrumsschneiders 16 und in axialer Richtung bis zu einer Rückwand 52 reicht.The crusher chamber 43 is surrounded by a distributor chamber 50 for feed water, which extends in the radial direction to the housing jacket 51 of the center cutter 16 and in the axial direction to a rear wall 52.

In der Rückwand 52 sind mehrere Mündungen von Speisewasserleitungen 53 für Speisewasser vorgesehen, das den Verteilerraum 50 über Durchtritte 54 verläßt, so daß im Brecherraum 43 vorhandenes Material über den Ringspalt 48 und die Spül- und Absaugleitung 49 abtransportiert werden kann. Die Speise- oder Absaugleitung 49 kann sowohl Flüssigkeit zur Separieranlage als auch Speisewasser von der Separieranlage fördern.In the rear wall 52, a plurality of mouths of feed water lines 53 is provided for feed water, which leaves the distributor space 50 via passages 54, so that material present in the crusher space 43 can be removed via the annular gap 48 and the rinsing and suction line 49. The feed or suction line 49 can convey both liquid to the separating system and feed water from the separating system.

Im Gehäusemantel 51 sind mehrere Antriebsmotoren 55 zum Antrieb des zentralen Schneidrades 17 vorgesehen. Wie man in Fig. 1 erkennt, verfügt der Antriebsteller 44 über einen Drehkranz 56, in den Ritzel 57 der Antriebsmotoren 55 eingreifen. Wie man in Fig. 1 weiter erkennt, ist der Antriebsteller 44 mit Hilfe eines Lagers 58 gelagert, wobei eine vordere Dichtung 59 und hintere Dichtung 60 für die notwendige Dichtigkeiten sorgen. Die über den in der Aufnahmeöffnung 15 verbleibenden Ringspalt ragende Felge 39 hat ebenfalls eine Abdichtwirkung.A plurality of drive motors 55 for driving the central cutting wheel 17 are provided in the housing shell 51. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the drive actuator 44 has a turntable 56 into which pinions 57 of the drive motors 55 engage. As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the drive actuator 44 is supported by means of a bearing 58, a front seal 59 and rear seal 60 providing the necessary seals. The rim 39 projecting over the annular gap remaining in the receiving opening 15 also has a sealing effect.

Fig. 3 zeigt den vorderen Teil einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine, die im wesentlichen dem in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Aufbau entspricht, wobei jedoch das zentrale Schneidrad 17 mit anderen als in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Abbauwerkzeugen versehen ist. Wie man in Fig. 3 erkennt, ist der dort dargestellte Zentrumsschneider 16 mit Rollenbohrwerkzeugen 70 versehen, die auf einer scheibenförmigen Werkzeugträgerplatte 71 befestigt sind.Fig. 3 shows the front part of a tunnel boring machine, which essentially corresponds to the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the central cutting wheel 17 is provided with other mining tools than shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the center cutter 16 shown there is provided with roller drilling tools 70 which are fastened on a disk-shaped tool carrier plate 71.

Die Werkzeugträgerplatte 71 ist in Fig. 4 in einer Draufsicht zu erkennen. Außerdem erkennt man in Fig. 4 eine Mehrzahl von Verstärkungsrippen 72 sowie Räumleisten 73. Bauteile, die mit denjenigen aus den Fig. 1 und 2 übereinstimmen, haben in den Fig. 3 und 4 die gleichen Bezugszeichen.The tool carrier plate 71 can be seen in a top view in FIG. 4. 4 also shows a plurality of reinforcing ribs 72 and clearing strips 73. Components which are identical to those from FIG. 1 and 2 match, have the same reference numerals in FIGS. 3 and 4.

In Fig. 4 erkennt man ebenfalls eine Reihe von Karbidaufträgen 74 entlang dem Umfang der Felge 39 des zentralen Schneidrads 17.A series of carbide applications 74 along the circumference of the rim 39 of the central cutting wheel 17 can also be seen in FIG. 4.

Claims (7)

  1. A tunnel driving machine for boring a tunnel comprising a shield which can be driven forwardly into the earth and in which there are arranged a drivable outer cutting wheel (8) provided with mining tools (10) and in the hub region (15) of the cutting wheel (8) a central cutter (16) which is rotatable relative to the cutting wheel (8) and which also has mining tools (41, 70, 74), the central cutter having a central cutting wheel (17), conveyor means (13, 49) being provided in the shield for transporting away the waste material produced, characterised in that the central cutter (16) has a drive (55, 56, 57) which is independent of the outer cutting wheel (8), and that the central cutter (16) has at least one intake opening (38) for the earth to be cut away, said intake opening opening into a breaker space (43).
  2. A tunnel driving machine according to claim 1 characterised in that there are provided a plurality of intake openings (38) which are arranged radially around the axis of rotation of the central cutting wheel (17).
  3. A tunnel driving machine according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the breaker space (43) is in the form of a conical breaker having a plurality of breaking bars (45, 47) which are arranged on the one hand on the hub of the central cutting wheel (17) and on the other hand on the inside of the conical metal plate (46) of the conical breaker.
  4. A tunnel driving machine according to claim 1 characterised in that a flushing and suction removal conduit (49) is provided as the conveyor means (49) for removal of the waste material which occurs in the hub region.
  5. A tunnel driving machine according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the central cutting wheel (17) has a rim (39) by which an annular gap between the central cutter (16) and the receiving opening (15) in the outer cutting wheel for the central cutter (16) is covered over in the direction of forward driving motion.
  6. A tunnel driving machine according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that peeling knives (41) are provided at the edge configuration of the intake openings (38).
  7. A tunnel driving machine according to claim 6 characterised in that carbide attachments (74) are provided along the rim (39) of the central cutting wheel (17) of the central cutter (16).
EP92903024A 1991-04-23 1992-01-25 Tunnel-driving machine Expired - Lifetime EP0580585B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4113208A DE4113208C2 (en) 1991-04-23 1991-04-23 Shield boring machine
DE4113208 1991-04-23
PCT/DE1992/000047 WO1992018751A1 (en) 1991-04-23 1992-01-25 Tunnel-driving machine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0580585A1 EP0580585A1 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0580585B1 true EP0580585B1 (en) 1996-03-27

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EP92903024A Expired - Lifetime EP0580585B1 (en) 1991-04-23 1992-01-25 Tunnel-driving machine

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US (1) US5437500A (en)
EP (1) EP0580585B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4113208C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1992018751A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0580585A1 (en) 1994-02-02
DE4113208C2 (en) 1995-04-06
WO1992018751A1 (en) 1992-10-29
DE59205869D1 (en) 1996-05-02
US5437500A (en) 1995-08-01
DE4113208A1 (en) 1992-10-29

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