EP0579954B1 - Locking and unlocking device for emergency door lock - Google Patents
Locking and unlocking device for emergency door lock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0579954B1 EP0579954B1 EP93109636A EP93109636A EP0579954B1 EP 0579954 B1 EP0579954 B1 EP 0579954B1 EP 93109636 A EP93109636 A EP 93109636A EP 93109636 A EP93109636 A EP 93109636A EP 0579954 B1 EP0579954 B1 EP 0579954B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- locking
- stop
- driving arm
- locking lever
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
- E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
- E05B47/0676—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents by disconnecting the handle
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
- E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
- E05B47/0002—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets
- E05B47/0006—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets having a non-movable core; with permanent magnet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a locking / unlocking device for an escape door lock with an electromagnet and a locking lever cooperating therewith, the locking lever being held in its locked position when the electromagnet is energized.
- Escape doors are known to be locked in the normal state and can only be opened when an emergency situation arises.
- the invention has for its object to provide a locking / unlocking device of the type mentioned, which consists of a few parts and still works reliably.
- a driver arm is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a trigger nut, that the securing lever is designed as a two-armed pivot lever and is pivoted axially parallel to the follower nut, that one arm of the locking lever is designed as an armature of the electromagnet and the other arm is provided with a stop for engagement with the driving lever, and that the effective contact surface between driving arm and stop is designed so that even under uninterrupted pressure of the driver arm on the stop at the time of a supply interruption of the electromagnet, a wedge-like displacement effect on the stop takes place by the driver arm.
- the invention has the advantage that a reliable locking / unlocking of the escape door lock is ensured with a single movable part, the pivotable locking lever, in combination with the driving arm mounted on the handle follower.
- the electromagnet when the electromagnet is de-energized, only the dead weight of the safety lever or a part of it and, if necessary, the spring force of a pre-tension spring has to be overcome in order to actuate the follower to open the lock.
- Even in the event of panic if a person exerts strong pressure on the handle nut before switching off or interrupting the magnetic current, functional reliability is reliably guaranteed.
- the driver has a link for guiding the stop, which keeps the stop outside the pivoting path of the driver when the driver arm has been deflected in the de-energized state of the electromagnet.
- the locking lever In order to prevent the locking lever from being briefly moved from the locked position into the open position by manipulation, for example by impact on the lock, it is expedient for the locking lever to be resiliently biased towards the locked position.
- the arm of the locking lever serving as an anchor is at an angle of approximately 45 ° to Aligned vertically and pivotally mounted at its lower end, and that the stop arm carrying the stop lever is aligned approximately horizontally and is on the same side as the other arm with respect to the pivot axis. In this way, the electromagnet can also be arranged to save space.
- the stop consists of a rotatably mounted bushing.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a frontal view of a security / unlocking device for an escape door lock and FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 1.
- 10 denotes a hard disk on which all components of an escape door lock are arranged. In order to keep the figure clear, those lock parts are not shown which are not directly related to the securing / releasing device.
- a lock latch (not shown) can be brought from the closed position into the open position by means of a follower 11 by turning it in the counterclockwise direction according to arrow 12 when a safety / unlocking device is released.
- the securing / unlocking device comprises an electromagnet 13, a pivotably mounted securing lever 14 and a driving arm 15 connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the trigger nut 11 a stop 18 is arranged for engagement with the driving arm 15.
- the figure shows the locked position of the safety lever 14, in which the armature 16 rests directly on the electromagnet 13 and the stop 18 is located in the pivoting path of the driving arm 15. In the energized state of the electromagnet 13, this holds the driver arm in the position shown, so that a pivoting movement of the driver arm 15 and a rotation of the follower 14 are excluded.
- the locking / unlocking device is located above the trigger nut 11.
- the arm of the locking lever 14 forming the armature 16 is inclined approximately 45 ° to the vertical and at its lower end laterally offset above the trigger nut 11 on an axis parallel to the trigger nut 11 Bolt 19 pivotally mounted.
- the arm 17 carrying the stop 18 is oriented approximately horizontally, the stop 18 lying approximately vertically above the follower nut 11. Accordingly, the driving arm 15 is slightly inclined to the right in this position. Due to the arrangement of the securing lever 14, it is held in the locked position shown by its own weight. It can also be held in this position by a spring 23.
- the stop 18 consists of a rotatably mounted bushing 20.
- the locking lever 14 is formed in the area of the arm 17 as a fork 24 and the bush 20 is mounted in the fork 24.
- the follower 11 can be turned counterclockwise.
- the edge of the driving arm 15 pushes the socket 20 away by pivoting the locking lever 14 according to arrow 21, so that the driving arm 15 can be pivoted freely to the left.
- the bushing 20 rolls here on a link 22 on the upper side of the driving arm 15, so that it is prevented from lying in the pivoting path when the driving arm 15 moves backward.
- the bushing 20 and the relevant edge of the driving arm 15 cooperate in such a way that a displacement effect of the driving arm 15 is exerted on the bushing 20. Due to the cylinder jacket of the bushing 20, the bushing 20 is deflected in the manner of a wedge gear, the friction being minimized by the bushing 20 rolling off. Because of this assignment and assignment, a reliable function is ensured even if the safety lever 14 is only released at a time when a person is already trying to open the door and exerts strong pressure on the stop 18. It is not necessary that the pressure be relieved or even completely removed after the supply to the electromagnet is interrupted. Even under these circumstances, jamming is excluded and the point of engagement of the driving arm 14 on the bushing 20 passes through a path which prevents blocking.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung für ein Fluchttürschloß mit einem Elektromagneten und einem mit diesem zusammenwirkenden Sicherungshebel, wobei der Sicherungshebel im bestromten Zustand des Elektromagneten in seiner Sperrlage gehalten ist.The invention relates to a locking / unlocking device for an escape door lock with an electromagnet and a locking lever cooperating therewith, the locking lever being held in its locked position when the electromagnet is energized.
Fluchttüren sollen bekanntlich im Normalzustand gesperrt sein und nur dann geöffnet werden können, wenn eine Notsituation eintritt. Zu diesem Zweck ist es bekannt, im zugehörigen Schloß einen magnetbeaufschlagten Sicherungshebel vorzusehen, welcher im bestromten Zustand des Magneten eine Schloßbetätigung verhindert. Im Notfall wird die Stromzuführung an den Elektromagneten verhindert, so daß die Schloßsperre aufgehoben wird und die Fluchttür geöffnet werden kann.Escape doors are known to be locked in the normal state and can only be opened when an emergency situation arises. For this purpose, it is known to provide in the associated lock a magnet-actuated safety lever which prevents the lock from being actuated when the magnet is energized. In an emergency, the power supply to the electromagnet is prevented, so that the lock lock is released and the escape door can be opened.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche aus wenigen Teilen besteht und dennoch zuverlässig wirkt.The invention has for its object to provide a locking / unlocking device of the type mentioned, which consists of a few parts and still works reliably.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß an einer Drückernuß ein Mitnehmerarm drehfest angeordnet ist, daß der Sicherungshebel als zweiarmiger Schwenkhebel ausgebildet und achsparallel zur Drückernuß schwenkbar gelagert ist, daß ein Arm des Sicherungshebels als Anker des Elektromagneten ausgebildet und der andere Arm mit einem Anschlag zum Eingriff mit dem Mitnehmerhebel versehen ist, und daß die wirksame Berührungsfläche zwischen Mitnehmerarm und Anschlag so ausgebildet ist, daß auch unter ununterbrochenem Druck des Mitnehmerarms auf den Anschlag zum Zeitpunkt einer Versorgungsunterbrechung des Elektromagneten eine keilartige Verdrängungswirkung auf den Anschlag durch den Mitnehmerarm erfolgt.This object is achieved in that a driver arm is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a trigger nut, that the securing lever is designed as a two-armed pivot lever and is pivoted axially parallel to the follower nut, that one arm of the locking lever is designed as an armature of the electromagnet and the other arm is provided with a stop for engagement with the driving lever, and that the effective contact surface between driving arm and stop is designed so that even under uninterrupted pressure of the driver arm on the stop at the time of a supply interruption of the electromagnet, a wedge-like displacement effect on the stop takes place by the driver arm.
Die Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß mit einem einzigen bewegbaren Teil, dem verschwenkbaren Sicherungshebel, in Kombination mit dem an der Drückernuß drehfest gelagerten Mitnehmerarm eine zuverlässige Sicherung-/Entsicherung des Fluchttürschlosses gewährleistet ist. Im Notfall, wenn der Elektromagnet stromlos ist, ist lediglich das Eigengewicht des Sicherungshebels oder ein Teil davon und gegebenenfalls die Federkraft einer Vorspannungsfeder zu überwinden, um die Drückernuß zum Öffnen des Schlosses zu betätigen. Auch im Panikfall, wenn eine Person noch vor dem Abschalten bzw. Unterbrechen des Magnetstroms starken Druck auf die Drückernuß ausübt, ist die Funktionssicherheit zuverlässig gewährleistet. In einem vorübergehenden stromlosen Zustandes des Elektromagneten, der keinen Notfall darstellt, beispielsweise aufgrund eines kurzzeitigen Stromausfalls, behält die Hebelmechanik systembedingt ihre Sperrlage bei. Es ist also ausgeschlossen, daß beim Wiederanlegen der Magnetspannung die Gefahr besteht, daß die Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung nicht mehr in den Sperrzustand zurückgeführt werden kann.The invention has the advantage that a reliable locking / unlocking of the escape door lock is ensured with a single movable part, the pivotable locking lever, in combination with the driving arm mounted on the handle follower. In an emergency, when the electromagnet is de-energized, only the dead weight of the safety lever or a part of it and, if necessary, the spring force of a pre-tension spring has to be overcome in order to actuate the follower to open the lock. Even in the event of panic, if a person exerts strong pressure on the handle nut before switching off or interrupting the magnetic current, functional reliability is reliably guaranteed. In a temporary de-energized state of the electromagnet, which is not an emergency, for example due to a brief power failure, the lever mechanism maintains its locked position due to the system. It is therefore excluded that when the magnetic voltage is reapplied there is a risk that the safety / unlocking device can no longer be returned to the locked state.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß der Mitnehmer eine Kulisse zur Führung des Anschlags aufweist, welche den Anschlag außerhalb des Schwenkweges des Mitnehmers hält, wenn der Mitnehmerarm im stromlosen Zustand des Elektromagneten ausgelenkt wurde.A preferred development of the invention is that the driver has a link for guiding the stop, which keeps the stop outside the pivoting path of the driver when the driver arm has been deflected in the de-energized state of the electromagnet.
Das hat den Vorteil, daß die Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung nach einer Notbetätigung ohne weiteres wieder in den Sicherungszustand, d.h., in die Sperrlage des Mitnehmerarms, gebracht werden kann, weil sich die bewegbaren Teile nicht gegenseitig blockieren.This has the advantage that the safety / unlocking device can be easily brought back into the safety state, i.e. into the locked position of the driving arm, after an emergency actuation, because the movable parts do not block each other.
Um zu verhindern, daß der Sicherungshebel durch Manipulation, beispielsweise durch Schlageinwirkung auf das Schloß, kurzzeitig aus der Sperrlage in die Offen-Lage gebracht werden kann, ist es zweckmäßig, daß der Sicherungshebel in Richtung auf die Sperrlage federnd vorgespannt ist. Um zu gewährleisten, daß das Eigengewicht des Sicherungshebels die Beibehaltung der Sperr-Lage unterstützt und gleichzeitig ein Einbau in herkömmliche Schloßgehäuse möglich ist, besteht eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung darin, daß der als Anker dienende Arm des Sicherungshebels in einem Winkel von etwa 45° zur Vertikalen ausgerichtet und an seinem unteren Ende schwenkbar gelagert ist, und daß der den Anschlag tragende Arm des Sicherungshebels etwa horizontal ausgerichtet und bezüglich der Schwenkachse auf der gleichen Seite liegt wie der andere Arm. Auf diese Weise kann auch der Elektromagnet raumsparend angeordnet werden.In order to prevent the locking lever from being briefly moved from the locked position into the open position by manipulation, for example by impact on the lock, it is expedient for the locking lever to be resiliently biased towards the locked position. In order to ensure that the dead weight of the locking lever supports the retention of the locking position and at the same time installation in conventional lock housings is possible, a preferred development of the invention is that the arm of the locking lever serving as an anchor is at an angle of approximately 45 ° to Aligned vertically and pivotally mounted at its lower end, and that the stop arm carrying the stop lever is aligned approximately horizontally and is on the same side as the other arm with respect to the pivot axis. In this way, the electromagnet can also be arranged to save space.
Um im Notfall die Auslenkung des Sicherungshebels ohne Gefahr einer Verklemmung sicherzustellen, ist es vorteilhaft, daß der Anschlag aus einer drehbar gelagerten Buchse besteht.In order to ensure the deflection of the safety lever without the risk of jamming in an emergency, it is advantageous that the stop consists of a rotatably mounted bushing.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles weiter beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch eine Frontalansicht einer Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung für ein Fluchttürschloß und Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1.1 schematically shows a frontal view of a security / unlocking device for an escape door lock and FIG. 2 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 1.
In den Figuren ist mit 10 eine Festplatte bezeichnet, auf welcher alle Komponenten eines Fluchttürschlosses angeordnet sind. Um die Figur übersichtlich zu halten, sind diejenigen Schloßteile nicht wiedergegeben, welche nicht unmittelbar mit der Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung in Zuzusammeng stehen.In the figures, 10 denotes a hard disk on which all components of an escape door lock are arranged. In order to keep the figure clear, those lock parts are not shown which are not directly related to the securing / releasing device.
Eine Schloßfalle (nicht dargestellt) kann über eine Drückernuß 11 durch Drehung gemäß Pfeil 12 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn aus der Schließ- in die Offenstellung gebracht werden, wenn eine Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung freigegeben ist.A lock latch (not shown) can be brought from the closed position into the open position by means of a
Die Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung umfaßt einen Elektromagneten 13, einen schwenkbar gelagerten Sicherungshebel 14 und einen drehfest mit der Drückernuß 11 verbundenen Mitnehmerarm 15. Der Sicherungshebel 14 ist zweiarmig ausgebildet, wobei der eine Arm als Anker 16 des Elektromagneten 13 ausgebildet ist und am anderen Arm 17 ein Anschlag 18 zum Eingriff mit dem Mitnehmerarm 15 angeordnet ist. Die Figur zeigt die Sperrlage des Sicherungshebels 14, in welcher der Anker 16 unmittelbar am Elektromagneten 13 anliegt und sich der Anschlag 18 im Schwenkweg des Mitnehmerarms 15 befindet. Im bestromten Zustand des Elektromagneten 13 hält dieser den Mitnehmerarm in der gezeigten Position, so daß eine Schwenkbewegung des Mitnehmerarms 15 und eine Drehung der Drückernuß 14 ausgeschlossen sind.The securing / unlocking device comprises an
Die Sicherungs-/Entsicherungsvorrichtung befindet sich oberhalb der Drückernuß 11. Der den Anker 16 bildende Arm des Sicherungshebels 14 ist etwa 45° zur Vertikalen geneigt und an seinem unteren Ende seitlich versetzt oberhalb der Drückernuß 11 an einem zur Drückernuß 11 achsparallelen Bolzen 19 schwenkbar gelagert. Der den Anschlag 18 tragende Arm 17 ist etwa horizontal ausgerichtet, wobei der Anschlag 18 etwa senkrecht oberhalb der Drückernuß 11 liegt. Dementsprechend ist der Mitnehmerarm 15 in dieser Position leicht nach rechts geneigt. Aufgrund der Anordnung des Sicherungshebels 14 wird dieser durch sein Eigengewicht in der dargestellten Sperrlage gehalten. Er kann zusätzlich durch eine Feder 23 in dieser Position gehalten werden. Der Anschlag 18 besteht aus einer drehbar gelagerten Buchse 20.The locking / unlocking device is located above the
Der Sicherungshebel 14 ist im Bereich des Arms 17 als Gabel 24 ausgebildet und die Buchse 20 ist in der Gabel 24 gelagert.The
Ist der Elektromagnet 13 stromlos, so kann die Drückernuß 11 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn gedreht werden. Hierbei drückt der Rand des Mitnehmerarms 15 die Buchse 20 unter Verschwenkung des Sicherungshebels 14 gemäß Pfeil 21 weg, so daß der Mitnehmerarm 15 ungehindert nach links verschwenkt werden kann. Die Buchse 20 rollt hierbei auf einer Kulisse 22 an der Oberseite des Mitnehmerarms 15, so daß verhindert wird, daß sie bei einer Rückwärtsbewegung des Mitnehmerarms 15 im Schwenkweg liegt.If the
Die Buchse 20 und die betreffende Kante des Mitnehmerarms 15 wirken in der Weise zusammen, daß eine Verdrängungswirkung des Mitnehmerarms 15 auf die Buchse 20 ausgeübt wird. Durch den Zylindermantel der Buchse 20 erfolgt die Auslenkung der Buchse 20 in der Art eines Keilgetriebes, wobei die Reibung durch ein Abrollen der Buchse 20 minimiert wird. Aufgrund dieser An- und Zuordnung ist eine zuverlässige Funktion auch dann sichergestellt, wenn der Sicherungshebel 14 erst zu einem Zeitpunkt freigegeben wird, wenn bereits eine Person die Tür zu öffnen versucht und starken Druck auf den Anschlag 18 ausübt. Es ist nicht erforderlich, daß der Druck nach dem Unterbrechen der Versorgung des Elektromagnets nachgelassen oder gar vollständig weggenommen werden muß. Auch unter diesen Umständen ist eine Verklemmung ausgeschlossen und der Angriffspunkt des Mitnehmerarms 14 an der Buchse 20 durchläuft eine Bahn, welche eine Blockierung ausschließt.The bushing 20 and the relevant edge of the
Claims (5)
- Locking and unlocking device for an emergency door lock with an electromagnet (13) and a locking lever (14) cooperating therewith, the locking lever (14) being held in its locked position when the electromagnet (13) is energized,
a latch nut acting on the lock catch,
a driving arm (15) is placed in non-rotary manner on the latch nut (11), the locking lever (14) is constructed as a two-arm rocking lever and is pivotably mounted axially parallel to the latch nut (11),
one arm of the locking lever is constructed as the armature (16) of the electromagnet and the other arm (17) is provided with a stop (18) for engaging with the driving arm (15) and
the effective contact surface between the driving arm (15) and the stop (18) is so constructed that even under uninterrupted pressure of the driving arm (15) on the stop (18) at the time of a supply interruption to the electromagnet (13), a wedge-like displacement action takes place on the stop (18) through the driving arm (15). - Locking and unlocking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving arm (15) has a link (22) for guiding the driving arm (15), which, following a pivoting of the driving arm (15) out of the locked position, keeps the locking lever (15) outside the pivoting path of the driving arm (15).
- Locking and unlocking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the locking lever (14) is resiliently pretensioned in the direction of the locked position.
- Locking and unlocking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arm of the locking lever (14) serving as the armature (16) is oriented to the vertical under an angle of approximately 45° and is pivotably mounted at its lower end and that the arm (17) of the locking lever (14) carrying the stop (18) is roughly horizontally oriented and with respect to the pivoting axis is located on the same side as the other arm.
- Locking and unlocking device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop (18) comprises a bush (20) mounted in rotary manner.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4219710 | 1992-06-16 | ||
| DE4219710A DE4219710C1 (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1992-06-16 | Securing / unlocking device for an escape door lock |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0579954A1 EP0579954A1 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
| EP0579954B1 true EP0579954B1 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
Family
ID=6461136
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93109636A Expired - Lifetime EP0579954B1 (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1993-06-16 | Locking and unlocking device for emergency door lock |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0579954B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE128749T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4219710C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4340537C2 (en) * | 1993-11-29 | 1996-05-09 | Doerrenhaus Fa Wilhelm | Anti-panic hotel lock |
| SE0004281D0 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2000-11-22 | Assa Ab | Locking |
| DE102011008213C5 (en) | 2011-01-10 | 2019-08-22 | Assa Abloy Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh | Door lock device and method for opening a door lock device |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3506883A (en) * | 1965-12-22 | 1970-04-14 | Heiwa Electric | Electrical locking device |
| US3955840A (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1976-05-11 | Cornell Iron Works, Inc. | Door release mechanism |
| GB2230550B (en) * | 1989-03-18 | 1993-02-10 | Walter Wilson Hugh Clarke | Electromagnetic door lock |
| DE4031077A1 (en) * | 1990-10-02 | 1992-04-09 | Trumpf Schloss & Beschlag | ELECTROMAGNETIC DOOR LOCKING |
-
1992
- 1992-06-16 DE DE4219710A patent/DE4219710C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-06-16 DE DE59300710T patent/DE59300710D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-16 EP EP93109636A patent/EP0579954B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-16 AT AT93109636T patent/ATE128749T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4219710C1 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| DE59300710D1 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
| ATE128749T1 (en) | 1995-10-15 |
| EP0579954A1 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
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