EP0577857A1 - Structural member - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0577857A1
EP0577857A1 EP92110693A EP92110693A EP0577857A1 EP 0577857 A1 EP0577857 A1 EP 0577857A1 EP 92110693 A EP92110693 A EP 92110693A EP 92110693 A EP92110693 A EP 92110693A EP 0577857 A1 EP0577857 A1 EP 0577857A1
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Prior art keywords
reinforcement element
reinforcement
concrete
prestressed
tensile
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EP92110693A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Franz Bucher
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/065—Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component made of reinforced concrete that can be subjected to bending and a method for its production.
  • Such components are known in various designs. In general, two groups can be distinguished, namely components in which a slack reinforcement is arranged and components whose reinforcement is prestressed.
  • Components with prestressed reinforcement can absorb higher loads due to the high-tensile prestressing steel used, although the cross-section of the concrete is a decisive criterion for the load-bearing capacity, since it is stressed by the prestressing forces. Components with prestressed reinforcement are therefore not used where specified concrete cross-sections cannot be increased, for example, ceiling girders and the like, since the higher load-bearing capacity can only be partially used and the production of the components is anyway more difficult due to the necessary clamping devices.
  • At least one prestressed and at least one pressed reinforcement element is provided as reinforcement for the tensile zone
  • components with prestressed reinforcement can be produced with small concrete cross sections, since the pressure absorption capacity of the concrete, which is thus also pressure-reinforced, is increased by more than 50% in this way.
  • Components can thus be produced whose concrete cross-section corresponds to the conventional components reinforced with slack, but whose load-bearing capacity is significantly increased.
  • the load bearing capacity is not to be enlarged, the concrete cross-section should be reduced. The latter is particularly important in the case of ceiling beams and the like, since the transport and assembly weight is reduced, the deflection behavior is improved and larger assembly support distances can be achieved.
  • the load capacity of the component according to the invention is even greater than in the case of prestressed reinforcement by the combination of prestressed and compressed reinforcement alone, since as soon as the tensile forces exceed the prestressing forces, the pressed reinforcement becomes effective as additional tensile reinforcement.
  • a preferred embodiment of such a component provides for the use of sheet metal formwork as a pressed reinforcement element, which is filled with concrete, in which the prestressed reinforcement element runs eccentrically at the lowest possible point.
  • Components according to the invention can be rationally produced by prestressing at least a first reinforcement element of the tensile zone and at least a second reinforcement element of the tensile zone being arranged slack parallel to it, that concrete is poured in, and that after the concrete has hardened, the tensile forces are released, whereupon the components are cut to length will. This can be done, for example, in a fitted bed with a length of several hundred meters.
  • the abscissa shows the strain values in the usual way, and the ordinate shows the stress values ⁇ of a high-tensile, prestressable reinforcement element 2. If the prestressed reinforcement element 2 is concreted in, the origin then shifts A in point B as the origin of a new coordinate system.
  • At least one prestressed reinforcement element 2 which is arranged eccentrically in the tension zone, and at least one pressed reinforcement element 3.
  • the manufacture of such a reinforcement element takes place, for example in a fitted bed, at the two ends of which clamping devices for prestressing each reinforcement element 2 are arranged.
  • the fitted bed preferably has a length of several hundred meters.
  • at least one reinforcement element 3 is furthermore slack, which consists of commercially available reinforcement steel, the tensile strength of which is, for example, one third of the tensile strength of the prestressing steel.
  • the entered tensile force which for example comprises two thirds of the yield strength, is given off to the concrete 1, the pressure absorption capacity of which is considerably increased due to the slack, now pressed reinforcement element 3.
  • the components can now be any or desired Length can be cut. Bars, flat bars etc. are used as slack reinforcement elements 3, whereby, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a reinforcement element 3 can form the concrete formwork.
  • the extended characteristic curve initially applies to the shifted origin B, in which the tensile forces exerted by the tensioning devices in the prestressed reinforcement element 2 are again achieved by the external bending loads, and in which the first pressed reinforcement element 3 is essentially free of forces again.
  • the stress values ⁇ v of the prestressed and the stress values ⁇ s of the slack reinforcement elements therefore correspond to each other, as do the associated strain values.
  • Both reinforcement elements 2, 3 are thus used to absorb the tensile stresses from external stresses. This can be taken into account when calculating the concrete component insofar as the pressed reinforcement can be included as tensile reinforcement.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 have reinforcement elements 4 in the form of individual bars, single brackets or loop coils, which are provided in the concrete only in the tension zone 1 and which are provided for delivery in in-situ concrete and, if necessary, by additional longitudinal bars which form a top chord. are connected.
  • FIG. 7 shows a precast member with an I cross section, the one above which is the zero plane 6 lying part is also reinforced.
  • a reinforcement element can have a prestress and another reinforcement element 9 can serve as pressure reinforcement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)

Abstract

A structural element which can be subjected to bending loading and consists of concrete (1) has, as reinforcement of the tension zone, at least one prestressed reinforcing element (2) and at least one compressed reinforcing element (3). One of the compressed reinforcing elements (3) is formed, in particular, by a sheet-metal shuttering for the concrete (1). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein auf Biegung beanspruchbares Bauelement aus bewehrtem Beton sowie ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung.The invention relates to a component made of reinforced concrete that can be subjected to bending and a method for its production.

Derartige Bauelemente sind in verschiedensten Ausführungen bekannt. Generell lassen sich zwei Gruppen unterscheiden, nämlich Bauelemente, in denen eine schlaffe Bewehrung angeordnet ist und Bauelemente, deren Bewehrung vorgespannt ist.Such components are known in various designs. In general, two groups can be distinguished, namely components in which a slack reinforcement is arranged and components whose reinforcement is prestressed.

Bauelemente mit vorgespannter Bewehrung können aufgrund der verwendeten hochzugfesten Spannstähle höhere Lasten aufnehmen, wobei jedoch der Querschnitt des Betons ein maßgebliches Kriterium für die Belastbarkeit darstellt, da er durch die Vorspannkräfte auf Druck beansprucht ist. Bauelemente mit vorgespannter Bewehrung werden daher dort nicht eingesetzt, wo vorgegebene Betonquerschnitte nicht erhöht werden können, beispielsweise Deckenträger und dgl., da die höhere Lastaufnahmefähigkeit nur teilweise genützt werden kann und die Herstellung der Bauelemente aufgrund der notwendigen Spanneinrichtungen ohnedies schwieriger ist.Components with prestressed reinforcement can absorb higher loads due to the high-tensile prestressing steel used, although the cross-section of the concrete is a decisive criterion for the load-bearing capacity, since it is stressed by the prestressing forces. Components with prestressed reinforcement are therefore not used where specified concrete cross-sections cannot be increased, for example, ceiling girders and the like, since the higher load-bearing capacity can only be partially used and the production of the components is anyway more difficult due to the necessary clamping devices.

Sind nun gemäß der Erfindung als Bewehrung der Zugzone zumindest ein vorgespanntes und zumindest ein gedrücktes Bewehrungselement vorgesehen, so lassen sich Bauelemente mit vorgespannter Bewehrung mit geringen Betonquerschnitten erzeugen, da die Druckaufnahmefähigkeit des somit auch druckbewehrten Betons auf diese Weise bis über 50 % erhöht ist. Es lassen sich somit Bauteile erzeugen, deren Betonquerschnitt dem herkömmlichen von schlaff bewehrten Bauteilen entspricht, deren Lastaufnahmefähigkeit aber wesentlich erhöht ist. Umgekehrt kann, wenn die Lastaufnahmefähigkeit nicht vergrößert werden soll, der Betonquerschnitt verringert werden. Letzteres ist insbesondere bei Deckenträger und dgl. von Bedeutung, da das Transport- und Montagegewicht verringert, das Durchbiegeverhalten verbessert und größere Montagestützweiten erzielbar sind.If, according to the invention, at least one prestressed and at least one pressed reinforcement element is provided as reinforcement for the tensile zone, components with prestressed reinforcement can be produced with small concrete cross sections, since the pressure absorption capacity of the concrete, which is thus also pressure-reinforced, is increased by more than 50% in this way. Components can thus be produced whose concrete cross-section corresponds to the conventional components reinforced with slack, but whose load-bearing capacity is significantly increased. Conversely, if the load bearing capacity is not to be enlarged, the concrete cross-section should be reduced. The latter is particularly important in the case of ceiling beams and the like, since the transport and assembly weight is reduced, the deflection behavior is improved and larger assembly support distances can be achieved.

Die Belastbarkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Bauelementes ist durch die Kombination von vorgespannter und gedrückter Bewehrung noch größer als bei vorgespannter Bewehrung allein, da, sobald die Zugkräfte die Vorspannkräfte übersteigen, die gedrückte Bewehrung als zusätzliche Zugbewehrung wirksam wird.The load capacity of the component according to the invention is even greater than in the case of prestressed reinforcement by the combination of prestressed and compressed reinforcement alone, since as soon as the tensile forces exceed the prestressing forces, the pressed reinforcement becomes effective as additional tensile reinforcement.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführung eines derartigen Bauelementes sieht die Verwendung einer Blechschalung als gedrücktes Bewehrungselement vor, die mit Beton gefüllt ist, in dem insbesondere exzentrisch an tiefstmöglicher Stelle das vorgespannte Bewehrungelement verläuft.A preferred embodiment of such a component provides for the use of sheet metal formwork as a pressed reinforcement element, which is filled with concrete, in which the prestressed reinforcement element runs eccentrically at the lowest possible point.

Erfindungsgemäße Bauelemente lassen sich rationell dadurch herstellen, daß zumindest ein erstes Bewehrungselement der Zugzone vorgespannt und zumindest ein zweites Bewehrungselement der Zugzone parallel dazu schlaff angeordnet wird, daß Beton eingegossen wird, und daß nach dem Erhärten des Betons die Spannkräfte aufgehoben werden, worauf die Bauelemente abgelängt werden. Dies kann beispielsweise in einem Spannbett mit einer Länge von auch mehreren hundert Metern erfolgen.Components according to the invention can be rationally produced by prestressing at least a first reinforcement element of the tensile zone and at least a second reinforcement element of the tensile zone being arranged slack parallel to it, that concrete is poured in, and that after the concrete has hardened, the tensile forces are released, whereupon the components are cut to length will. This can be done, for example, in a fitted bed with a length of several hundred meters.

Nachstehend wird nun die Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein.The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings, without being limited thereto.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 und 2 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel in schematischer Stirn- und Seitenansicht.
  • Fig. 3 bis 7 schematische Stirnansichten fünf weiterer Ausführungsbeispiele, und
  • Fig. 8 ein Spannungs-Dehnungsdiagramm.
Show it:
  • 1 and 2, a first embodiment in a schematic front and side view.
  • 3 to 7 are schematic end views of five further exemplary embodiments, and
  • Fig. 8 is a stress-strain diagram.

Im Spannungs-Dehnungsdiagramm zeigen, ausgehend vom Ursprung A des Koordinatenkreuzes, die Abszisse in üblicher Weise die Dehnungswerte, und die Ordinate die Spannungswerte σ eines hochzugfesten, vorspannfähigen Bewehrungselementes 2. Wird das vorgespannte Bewehrungselement 2 einbetoniert, so verschiebt sich in der weiteren Folge der Ursprung A in den Punkt B als Ursprung eines neuen Koordinatenkreuzes.In the stress-strain diagram, starting from the origin A of the coordinate system, the abscissa shows the strain values in the usual way, and the ordinate shows the stress values σ of a high-tensile, prestressable reinforcement element 2. If the prestressed reinforcement element 2 is concreted in, the origin then shifts A in point B as the origin of a new coordinate system.

Ein auf Biegung beanspruchtes Bauelement, beispielsweise ein Deckenträger, Unterzug od. dgl. umfaßt gemäß Fig. 1 bis 7 zumindest ein vorgespanntes Bewehrungselement 2, das exzentrisch in der Zugzone angeordnet ist, und zumindestens ein gedrücktes Bewehrungselement 3. Die Herstellung eines derartigen Bewehrungselementes erfolgt beispielsweise in einem Spannbett, an dessen beiden Enden Spanneinrichtungen zum Vorspannen jedes Bewehrungselementes 2 angeordnet sind. Das Spannbett weist vorzugsweise eine Länge von mehreren hundert Metern auf. In der Betonschalung des Spannbettes wird weiters zumindest ein Bewehrungselement 3 schlaff angeordnet, das aus handelsüblichem Bewehrungsstahl besteht, wobei dessen Zugfestigkeit beispielsweise ein Drittel der Zugfestigkeit des Spannstahles beträgt.1 to 7 comprises at least one prestressed reinforcement element 2, which is arranged eccentrically in the tension zone, and at least one pressed reinforcement element 3. The manufacture of such a reinforcement element takes place, for example in a fitted bed, at the two ends of which clamping devices for prestressing each reinforcement element 2 are arranged. The fitted bed preferably has a length of several hundred meters. In the concrete formwork of the prestressed bed, at least one reinforcement element 3 is furthermore slack, which consists of commercially available reinforcement steel, the tensile strength of which is, for example, one third of the tensile strength of the prestressing steel.

Nach dem Erhärten des eingegossenen Betons werden die äußeren Spannkräfte aufgehoben, wobei die eingetragene Zugkraft, die beispielsweise zwei Drittel der Streckgrenze umfaßt, an den Beton 1 abgegeben wird, dessen Druckaufnahmefähigkeit aufgrund des schlaffen, nunmehr gedrückten Bewehrungselementes 3 wesentlich erhöht ist. Die Bauelemente können nun auf jede beliebige bzw. gewünschte Länge zugeschnitten werden. Als schlaff anzuordnende Bewehrungselemente 3 dienen Stäbe, Flacheisen usw., wobei, wie Fig. 1 bis 3 zeigt, ein Bewehrungselement 3 die Betonschalung bilden kann.After the poured concrete has hardened, the external tensile forces are released, the entered tensile force, which for example comprises two thirds of the yield strength, is given off to the concrete 1, the pressure absorption capacity of which is considerably increased due to the slack, now pressed reinforcement element 3. The components can now be any or desired Length can be cut. Bars, flat bars etc. are used as slack reinforcement elements 3, whereby, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a reinforcement element 3 can form the concrete formwork.

Zurückkommend auf Fig. 8 trifft also ausgehend vom Ursprung A für das vorgespannte Bewehrungselement 2 vorerst die ausgezogene Kennlinie bis zum verschobenen Ursprung B zu, in dem durch die äußeren Biegebelastungen etwa wieder die durch die Spanneinrichtungen ausgeübten Zugkräfte im vorgespannten Bewehrungselement 2 erreicht sind, und in dem das zuerst gedrückte Bewehrungselement 3 im wesentlichen wieder kräftefrei ist. Bei weiterer Belastung erfolgt nunmehr eine zunehmende Zugbeanspruchung sowohl des vorgespannten Bewehrungselementes 2 (ausgezogene Kennlinie) als auch des schlaffen Bewehrungselementes 3 (strichlierte Kennlinie), wobei die beiden Kennlinien zumindest bis zur 0,2 %-Dehngrenze im wesentlichen ineinander fallen. Die Spannungswerte σv des vorgespannten und die Spannungswerte σs des schlaffen Bewehrungselementen entsprechen daher einander ebenso wie die zugehörigen Dehnungswerte. Beide Bewehrungselemente 2, 3 werden somit zur Aufnahme der Zugspannungen aus äußeren Beanspruchungen herangezogen. Dies kann bei der Berechnung des Betonbauteiles insoferne berücksichtigt werden, als auch die gedrückte Bewehrung als Zugbewehrung einrechenbar ist.Returning to FIG. 8, starting from the origin A for the prestressed reinforcement element 2, the extended characteristic curve initially applies to the shifted origin B, in which the tensile forces exerted by the tensioning devices in the prestressed reinforcement element 2 are again achieved by the external bending loads, and in which the first pressed reinforcement element 3 is essentially free of forces again. With further loading, there is now an increasing tensile stress on both the prestressed reinforcement element 2 (solid characteristic) and the slack reinforcement element 3 (dashed characteristic), the two characteristics essentially falling into one another at least up to the 0.2% proof stress. The stress values σ v of the prestressed and the stress values σ s of the slack reinforcement elements therefore correspond to each other, as do the associated strain values. Both reinforcement elements 2, 3 are thus used to absorb the tensile stresses from external stresses. This can be taken into account when calculating the concrete component insofar as the pressed reinforcement can be included as tensile reinforcement.

Die in den Fig. 1 bis 6 gezeigten Bauteile weisen aus dem nur in der Zugzone vorgesehenen Beton 1 hochstehende Bewehrungselemente 4 in Form von Einzelstäben, Einzelbügeln oder Bügelschlangen auf, die zur Entbindung in Ortbeton vorgesehen und gegebenenfalls durch zusätzliche Längsstäbe, die einen Obergurt bilden, verbunden sind. In Fig. 7 ist ein Fertigteilträger mit I-Querschnitt gezeigt, dessen oberhalb der Nullebene 6 liegenden Teil ebenfalls bewehrt ist. Auch hier kann ein Bewehrungselement eine Vorspannung aufweisen und ein weiteres Bewehrungselement 9 als Druckbewehrung dienen.The components shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 have reinforcement elements 4 in the form of individual bars, single brackets or loop coils, which are provided in the concrete only in the tension zone 1 and which are provided for delivery in in-situ concrete and, if necessary, by additional longitudinal bars which form a top chord. are connected. FIG. 7 shows a precast member with an I cross section, the one above which is the zero plane 6 lying part is also reinforced. Here, too, a reinforcement element can have a prestress and another reinforcement element 9 can serve as pressure reinforcement.

Claims (5)

Auf Biegung beanspruchbares Bauelement aus bewehrtem Beton, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Bewehrung der Zugzone zumindest ein vorgespanntes (2) und zumindest ein gedrücktes Bewehrungselement (3) vorgesehen sind.Component made of reinforced concrete that can be subjected to bending, characterized in that at least one prestressed (2) and at least one pressed reinforcement element (3) are provided as reinforcement for the tensile zone. Bauelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vorgespannte Bewehrungselement (2) exzentrisch in der Zugzone angeordnet ist.Component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the prestressed reinforcement element (2) is arranged eccentrically in the tension zone. Bauelement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zugfestigkeit des vorgespannten Bewehrungselementes (2) etwa dem Dreifachen der Zugfestigkeit des gedrückten Bewehrungselementes (3) entspricht.Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tensile strength of the prestressed reinforcement element (2) corresponds to approximately three times the tensile strength of the pressed reinforcement element (3). Bauelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein gedrücktes Bewehrungselement (3) durch eine verlorene Blechschalung gebildet ist.Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one pressed reinforcement element (3) is formed by lost sheet metal formwork. Verfahren zur Herstellung von auf Biegung beanspruchbaren Bauelementen aus bewehrtem Beton, beispielsweise Deckenträgern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein erstes Bewehrungselement der Zugzone vorgespannt und zumindest ein zweites Bewehrungselement der Zugzone parallel dazu schlaff angeordnet wird, daß Beton eingegossen wird, und daß nach dem Erhärten des Betons die Spannkräfte aufgehoben werden, worauf die Bauelemente abgelängt werden.Process for the production of structural elements made of reinforced concrete, such as ceiling girders, which can be subjected to bending, characterized in that at least one first reinforcement element of the tensile zone is prestressed and at least one second reinforcement element of the tensile zone is slackly arranged parallel to the fact that concrete is poured in, and that after the hardening of the Concrete the clamping forces are released, after which the components are cut to length.
EP92110693A 1992-06-26 1992-06-26 Structural member Withdrawn EP0577857A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2190744A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-08-01 Sanchez Jaime Enrique Jimenez Self-supporting pretensioned beam for the construction of houses and its manufacture.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH443619A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-09-15 Union Tech Interprofessionnell Reinforced concrete construction element and method for its manufacture
DE1909306A1 (en) * 1969-02-25 1970-09-10 Aloys Bastgen Reinforced concrete beams and T-beams with lightweight steel girders as a falsework, formwork and reinforcement
AT286583B (en) * 1970-01-23 1970-12-10 Johann Meier Reinforced concrete beams
DE2203126B2 (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-02-28 Polensky & Zoellner, 5000 Koeln Process for the production of prestressed concrete components
DE2626980A1 (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-01-13 Raphael Lipski CONCRETE AND STEEL BEAM
BE904131A (en) * 1986-01-29 1986-05-15 Entpr S Sbbm Et Six Construct PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BEAMS COMPRISING STEEL AND CONCRETE BEAMS AND BEAMS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH443619A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-09-15 Union Tech Interprofessionnell Reinforced concrete construction element and method for its manufacture
DE1909306A1 (en) * 1969-02-25 1970-09-10 Aloys Bastgen Reinforced concrete beams and T-beams with lightweight steel girders as a falsework, formwork and reinforcement
AT286583B (en) * 1970-01-23 1970-12-10 Johann Meier Reinforced concrete beams
DE2203126B2 (en) * 1972-01-24 1974-02-28 Polensky & Zoellner, 5000 Koeln Process for the production of prestressed concrete components
DE2626980A1 (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-01-13 Raphael Lipski CONCRETE AND STEEL BEAM
BE904131A (en) * 1986-01-29 1986-05-15 Entpr S Sbbm Et Six Construct PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BEAMS COMPRISING STEEL AND CONCRETE BEAMS AND BEAMS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2190744A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-08-01 Sanchez Jaime Enrique Jimenez Self-supporting pretensioned beam for the construction of houses and its manufacture.

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