EP0576808B1 - Method of manufacturing gratings - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing gratings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0576808B1
EP0576808B1 EP19930107504 EP93107504A EP0576808B1 EP 0576808 B1 EP0576808 B1 EP 0576808B1 EP 19930107504 EP19930107504 EP 19930107504 EP 93107504 A EP93107504 A EP 93107504A EP 0576808 B1 EP0576808 B1 EP 0576808B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
bars
support
grating
crossbars
cross bars
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EP19930107504
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0576808A1 (en
Inventor
Jan Stapelmann
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STACO STAPELMANN GmbH
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STACO STAPELMANN GmbH
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/42Gratings; Grid-like panels
    • E04C2/421Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction
    • E04C2/422Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction with continuous bars connecting at crossing points of the grid pattern
    • E04C2/423Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction with continuous bars connecting at crossing points of the grid pattern with notches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21FWORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/08Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings
    • B21F27/10Making wire network, i.e. wire nets with additional connecting elements or material at crossings with soldered or welded crossings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Process for the production of support and cross bars existing gratings with given dimensions and Divisions.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-26 17 696 describes a method in which the cross bars are drawn off endlessly from a bundle and in parallel position with a distance corresponding to the cross bar division, and the supporting bars are fed individually to a welding device transversely to the direction of advance of the cross bars.
  • the supporting bars are pressure-welded to the cross bars in the welding device, whereby a grating web is formed, which is cut to length by means of scissors or a saw in the finished dimensions of the gratings - if appropriate taking into account the width of any edge bars - corresponding distances.
  • the separation point of the grating path coincides with a rod or is so close to a rod that it is no longer possible to use scissors at the separation point provided.
  • the grating track must then be subdivided elsewhere, so that a grating with undersize or oversize is obtained, or an intermediate cut is required in the region of the head end of the grating track, ie in connection with the previous cut, which leads to a scrap piece.
  • Cutting with a saw is also possible in the plane of a crossbar. However, the crossbar is lost in view of the cutting width of the saw blade, for example 6 mm; this also leads to an unnecessary loss of material and is associated with high saw blade wear.
  • the parting plane can shift from grating to grating with respect to the adjacent end bars if, for example, the grating length is not a multiple of the crossbar division. This not only results in different support rod protrusions on both sides of the grate, but also on both sides of the parting plane, ie from grate to grate despite the same grate dimensions. The result of this is that after the grids have been laid, the end bars no longer align with one another as a result of the different support bar projections or end fields of similar mats, and a correspondingly uneven laying pattern is produced.
  • the aforementioned disadvantages occur both when welding individual cross bars as well as when welding in pairs the cross bars with the support bars because in in both cases the crossbar division by the respective Intended use is specified as well as the grating dimensions, which is completely independent of the crossbar department after the one to be designed with the gratings Area, i.e. according to the local conditions.
  • the grating dimensions can vary depending on the one to be designed Area to be very different, albeit Experience has shown that around 70% of the gratings in a laying plan Grate groups with the same dimensions belong together.
  • a support grate is further known from grid-like, interconnected support rods and twisted crossbars, in which the support rods and the crossbars are each arranged parallel to one another and have essentially the same distance from one another.
  • the dimensions of the respective outer meshes resulting from the support and cross bars may differ from the distances between the other support and cross bars.
  • a grate and a method for producing a grate are also known in which the support and cross bars are arranged so that the outer support and cross bars do not form the outer border , but protrude beyond the respective outer cross or support rod and form protrusions.
  • the longitudinal bars are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals.
  • the crossbars are distributed using the respectively given permissible minus and / or plus tolerance of the crossbar distances so that the same support rod projection results on each grate on both grate sides and at the same time all crossbars have the same distance.
  • the aim is to achieve the same supporting rod protrusions and to keep the number of cross rods as low as possible.
  • a disadvantage of this method and the grating itself is that the arrangement of the cross bars not only by the specified crossbar spacing, the the external appearance and functionality of the Grate determined, but essentially also by the Tolerance limits are determined, which are in the range of 5% of the predetermined crossbar spacing. It will therefore in favor of a given, only two The distance between a large number of cross bars from the given optimum for the crossbar spacing modified.
  • the invention is based on the problem of a method to create a grating, with which gratings with predetermined dimensions and have divisions made with regard to the arrangement the support or cross bars symmetrical with respect are the central longitudinal or central transverse axis and thus have the same final mesh sizes.
  • Procedure for a grating whose width is not equal the sum of an integer multiple of one predetermined pitch of the support rods and the thickness one of the support rods arranged at the edge of the grating is, support rods in the longitudinal direction parallel to each other arranged, cut to a predetermined length, and, either the two support rods between which the Central longitudinal axis, or two symmetrical to Middle longitudinal axis arranged pairs of neighboring Support bars with a spacing different from the pitch arranged while the remaining support rods are symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis with the same pitch are arranged.
  • the cross bars can also be arranged.
  • the gratings are in all embodiments of the method to the central longitudinal axis and to the central transverse axis symmetrical so that all four corner stitches are the same size are. Thereby lie from the given dimensions deviating meshes either in the area of the central axes, between the central axes and the edge bars or on the edge of the grate.
  • the solution to this problem is based on the idea that Support and / or the cross bars using the given Divisions, starting from a central longitudinal axis and / or a central transverse axis or starting from the outer support rods and / or the first and last crossbar with constant division in the longitudinal and transverse directions to be distributed in such a way that based on the given
  • the remaining stitches in the dimensions and pitches Area of the central longitudinal axis and / or the central transverse axis lie or remaining stitches adjacent to the outer Support rods and / or to the first and last crossbar or in the area on both sides of the central longitudinal axis and / or the central transverse axis parallel and symmetrical to arise.
  • the size of the end panels at the Rostecken can be Adjust fastening techniques for the gratings.
  • the Gratings can be, regardless of the pitch of the Support and cross bars immediately to the side and at the beginning and produce edged at the end. There can be no duplication of material by welding a so-called third party arise, which is beneficial to behavior with a possible coating, for example one Galvanizing has an impact.
  • a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of consisting of supporting and cross bars Gratings with specified dimensions and division dimensions is that according to the invention in a computer the grating length and width as well as the thickness and entered the division dimensions of the supporting bars and the cross bars be, the calculator the number of for a grate required supporting bars and cross bars are determined, the width of the grating not equal to the sum of one integer multiples of the pitch of the support rods and the thickness of one of the arranged at the edge of the grating Support rods is, the calculator either the two Supporting rods, between which the central longitudinal axis runs, or two arranged symmetrically to the central longitudinal axis Pairs of adjacent supporting bars with one of the Pitch different distance, the remaining support rods symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis with the same Pitch and the cross bars symmetrical to the central transverse axis distributed and in which the support rods by control a support rod holder and the cross bars Control a crossbar holder positioned and the Cross bars are welded to the support bars.
  • the cross bars can also be arranged.
  • the same advantage applies to all process variants, namely remaining and final stitches of equal size with symmetrical Corner areas reached, and the calculation of the
  • the number of supporting beams and the number of crossbars and their distribution are limited depend on the number of support and cross bars from the given grate dimensions and To calculate divisions and these in the specified Way to distribute. Because the tolerances when positioning the support rods and the cross rods do not cumulate -
  • the support rods or the cross bars are always outgoing from the central longitudinal axis or the central transverse axis or the side support bars or the first and the positioned from the last crossbar - result in precise dimensions Gratings that are easy to put together leave and result in a symmetrical laying pattern.
  • the Control of the support bar and cross bar holder and the Grid pull-out if the crossbars are laid step by step are significantly simplified, so that the manufacture of the gratings according to the invention can be carried out more cost-effectively.
  • the invention is based on one in the Drawing schematically shown grating explained in more detail.
  • the grating consists of support rods 1, 7, 8, which are parallel in the longitudinal direction and cut to a predetermined length, of which the outer support rods 7, 8 form the lateral boundary of the grating.
  • the support rods 1,7,8 are aligned with a pitch T 1 from the outer support rods 7,8 towards a central longitudinal axis 3. If the grating width does not correspond to an integer multiple of the pitch T 1 , there are 3 remaining meshes 5 with a width B in the area of the central longitudinal axis.
  • the number of supporting bars 1,7,8 for a given grating width and a given pitch T 1 is chosen so that the Width B of the remaining stitches 5 does not become smaller than half the pitch T 1 and not larger than one and a half times the pitch T 1 .
  • Cross bars 2, 9, 10 are pressure-welded onto the support bars 1, 7, 8, the first cross bar 9 and the last one Cross bar 10 the front and rear end of the grating form.
  • the cross bars 2, 9, 10, starting from a central transverse axis 4, are distributed with the same pitch T 2 , which in addition to the first and last cross bars 9, 10 creates remaining stitches 6, the length L of which corresponds to a pitch T 2 when the grate length is one is an integer multiple of the pitch T 2 . If this is not the case, the length L of the remaining stitches 6 can be greater or smaller than the pitch T 2 , the length L being chosen not less than half the pitch T 2 and not greater than one and a half times the pitch T 2 .
  • the corners 11 of the grating all have the same Size and can be the fastening technology for the Adjust grating.
  • Another design of the grating can consist in that both the support rods 1,7,8 and the crossbars 2,9,10, starting from the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4, are distributed with the same pitch T 1 , T 2 . In this case, the remaining stitches result next to the first and the last cross bar 9, 10 as well as next to the outer support bars 7, 8.
  • gratings can also be produced in which the support bars 1,7,8 and the cross bars 2,9,10, starting from the outer support bars 7,8 or the first and the last Cross bar 9, 10, to the central longitudinal axis 3 and to the central transverse axis 4 with the same pitch T 1 , T 2 , so that the remaining meshes between the supporting bars 1 and between the cross bars 2 in the area of the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4 surrender.
  • predetermined fixed division dimensions T 1 , T 2 serve to distribute the support rods 1,7,8 and the cross bars 2,9,10, respectively, either starting from the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4 or , starting from the outer support rods 7,8, or the first and the last crossbar 9,10, so that either in the area of the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4, or next to the outer support rods 7,8 or the first and the last crossbar 9.10 residual meshes arise which can be larger, equal or smaller than the pitch T 1 , T 2 .

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von aus Trag- und aus Querstäben bestehenden Gitterrosten mit vorgegebenen Abmessungen und Teilungen.The invention relates to a Process for the production of support and cross bars existing gratings with given dimensions and Divisions.

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Gitterrosten aus abgelängten Trag- und Querstäben oder endlosen Tragstäben und abgelängten Querstäben sind bekannt. So beschreibt die deutsche Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-26 17 696 ein Verfahren, bei dem die Querstäbe endlos von jeweils einem Bund abgezogen und in paralleler Lage mit einem der Querstabteilung entsprechenden Abstand sowie die Tragstäbe einzeln quer zur Vorschubrichtung der Querstäbe einer Schweißvorrichtung zugeführt werden. Bei diesem und anderen bekannten Verfahren werden die Tragstäbe in der Schweißvorrichtung mit den Querstäben preßverschweißt, wobei eine Gitterrostbahn entsteht, die mittels einer Schere oder Säge in den Fertigabmessungen der Gitterroste - gegebenenfalls unter Berücksichtigung der Breite etwaiger Randstäbe - entsprechenden Abständen abgelängt wird. Da die Rostabmessungen und die Teilung völlig unabhängig voneinander vorgegeben sind, kann es dazu kommen, daß die Trennstelle der Gitterrostbahn mit einem Stab zusammenfällt oder so nahe an einem Stab liegt, daß es nicht mehr möglich ist, eine Schere an der vorgesehenen Trennstelle anzusetzen. Die Gitterrostbahn muß alsdann an anderer Stelle unterteilt werden, so daß ein Gitterrost mit Unter- oder Übermaß anfällt, oder es ist im Bereich des Kopfendes der Gitterrostbahn, d.h. im Zusammenhang mit dem vorausgehenden Schnitt ein Zwischenschnitt erforderlich, der zu einem Schrottstück führt.
Mit einer Säge ist zwar auch ein Trennen in der Ebene eines Querstabs möglich. Der Querstab geht jedoch angesichts der Schnittbreite des Sägeblatts von beispielsweise 6 mm verloren; auch das führt zu einem unnötigen Materialverlust und ist mit einem hohen Sägeblattverschleiß verbunden. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, daß sich die Trennebene von Gitterrost zu Gitterrost in bezug auf die einander benachbarten Endstäbe verschieben kann, wenn beispielsweise die Gitterrostlänge nicht ein Vielfaches der Querstabteilung beträgt. Daraus resultieren nicht nur unterschiedliche Tragstabüberstände an beiden Seiten des Gitterrostes, sondern auch beiderseits der Trennebene, d. h. von Gitterrost zu Gitterrost trotz gleichbleibender Rostabmessungen. Das hat zur Folge, daß nach dem Verlegen der Roste die Endstäbe infolge der unterschiedlichen Tragstabüberstände bzw. Endfelder gleichartiger Matten nicht mehr miteinander fluchten und ein entsprechend ungleichmäßiges Verlegungsbild entsteht.
Methods for producing gratings from cut support and cross bars or endless support bars and cut cross bars are known. For example, German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-26 17 696 describes a method in which the cross bars are drawn off endlessly from a bundle and in parallel position with a distance corresponding to the cross bar division, and the supporting bars are fed individually to a welding device transversely to the direction of advance of the cross bars. In this and other known methods, the supporting bars are pressure-welded to the cross bars in the welding device, whereby a grating web is formed, which is cut to length by means of scissors or a saw in the finished dimensions of the gratings - if appropriate taking into account the width of any edge bars - corresponding distances. Since the grate dimensions and the division are completely independent of one another, it can happen that the separation point of the grating path coincides with a rod or is so close to a rod that it is no longer possible to use scissors at the separation point provided. The grating track must then be subdivided elsewhere, so that a grating with undersize or oversize is obtained, or an intermediate cut is required in the region of the head end of the grating track, ie in connection with the previous cut, which leads to a scrap piece.
Cutting with a saw is also possible in the plane of a crossbar. However, the crossbar is lost in view of the cutting width of the saw blade, for example 6 mm; this also leads to an unnecessary loss of material and is associated with high saw blade wear. Another disadvantage is that the parting plane can shift from grating to grating with respect to the adjacent end bars if, for example, the grating length is not a multiple of the crossbar division. This not only results in different support rod protrusions on both sides of the grate, but also on both sides of the parting plane, ie from grate to grate despite the same grate dimensions. The result of this is that after the grids have been laid, the end bars no longer align with one another as a result of the different support bar projections or end fields of similar mats, and a correspondingly uneven laying pattern is produced.

Hinzu kommt, daß je nach Lage der Trennebene zwischen den Endstäben zweier aufeinanderfolgender Gitterroste einer Gitterrostbahn die Tragstabüberstände kleiner als an sich von der vorgegebenen Teilung her zulässig sind und demgemäß die Masse bzw. Zahl der Querstäbe größer ist als bei einem Gitterrost mit maximal zulässigem Tragstabüberstand.In addition, depending on the position of the parting plane between the End bars of two successive gratings one Grid track the support rod protrusions smaller than per se are permitted by the given division and accordingly the mass or number of cross bars is greater than at a grating with a maximum permissible support rod protrusion.

Die vorerwähnten Nachteile treten sowohl beim Verschweißen einzelner Querstäbe als auch beim paarweisen Verschweißen der Querstäbe mit den Tragstäben auf, weil in beiden Fällen die Querstabteilung durch den jeweiligen Verwendungszweck ebenso vorgegeben ist wie die Gitterrostabmessung, die sich völlig unabhängig von der Querstabteilung nach der mit den Gitterrosten auszulegenden Fläche, d.h. nach den örtlichen Gegebenheiten richtet. Dabei können die Gitterrostabmessungen je nach der auszulegenden Fläche sehr unterschiedlich sein, wenngleich erfahrungsgemäß etwa 70% der Gitterroste eines Verlegeplans Rostgruppen mit jeweils gleichen Abmessungen angehören.The aforementioned disadvantages occur both when welding individual cross bars as well as when welding in pairs the cross bars with the support bars because in in both cases the crossbar division by the respective Intended use is specified as well as the grating dimensions, which is completely independent of the crossbar department after the one to be designed with the gratings Area, i.e. according to the local conditions. The grating dimensions can vary depending on the one to be designed Area to be very different, albeit Experience has shown that around 70% of the gratings in a laying plan Grate groups with the same dimensions belong together.

Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-21 24 523 ist weiterhin ein Tragrost aus gitterartig angeordneten, miteinander verbundenen Tragstäben und verdrillten Querstäben bekannt, bei dem die Tragstäbe und die Querstäbe jeweils parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und im wesentlichen einen gleichen Abstand voneinander besitzen. Die Abmessungen der jeweils äußeren, sich aus Trag- und Querstäben ergebenden Maschen können dabei von den Abständen der übrigen Trag- und Querstäbe abweichen.From the German published patent application DE-A- 21 24 523 a support grate is further known from grid-like, interconnected support rods and twisted crossbars, in which the support rods and the crossbars are each arranged parallel to one another and have essentially the same distance from one another. The dimensions of the respective outer meshes resulting from the support and cross bars may differ from the distances between the other support and cross bars.

Nachteilig bei dieser Tragstab- und Querstabanordnung ist jedoch, daß die Maschengröße an den Rändern des Rostes unterschiedlich und auch sehr gering ist. Dadurch entsteht bei einem Aneinanderlegen verschiedener Roste einerseits ein uneinheitliches Bild, weil die aneinandergrenzenden Stäbe nicht fluchten, und andererseits kommt es in den Bereichen, wo die Roste aneinander anstoßen, zu einer sehr hohen Dichte von Trag- und Querstäben.A disadvantage of this support rod and crossbar arrangement is, however, that the mesh size at the edges of the Rust varies and is also very low. Thereby arises when different grids are put together on the one hand an inconsistent picture because the contiguous Bars are not in alignment, and on the other hand it occurs in the areas where the grates meet abut, to a very high density of support and cross bars.

Aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-32 45 179 sind weiterhin ein Gitterrost und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gitterrostes bekannt, bei dem die Trag- und die Querstäbe so angeordnet sind, daß die äußeren Trag- bzw. Querstäbe jeweils nicht die äußere Umrandung bilden, sondern über den jeweiligen äußeren Quer- bzw. Tragstab hinausragen und jeweils Überstände bilden. Die Längsstäbe sind dabei parallel und mit gleichen Abständen angeordnet. Die Querstäbe werden dabei unter Ausnutzung der jeweils vorgegebenen zulässigen Minus- und/oder Plustoleranz der Querstababstände so verteilt, daß sich bei jedem Gitterrost an beiden Rostseiten ein gleicher Tragstabüberstand ergibt und gleichzeitig sämtliche Querstäbe einen gleichen Abstand aufweisen. Ziel ist es dabei, gleiche Tragstabüberstände zu erzielen und die Zahl der Querstäbe möglichst gering zu halten.From the German Offenlegungsschrift DE-A- 32 45 179 a grate and a method for producing a grate are also known in which the support and cross bars are arranged so that the outer support and cross bars do not form the outer border , but protrude beyond the respective outer cross or support rod and form protrusions. The longitudinal bars are arranged in parallel and at equal intervals. The crossbars are distributed using the respectively given permissible minus and / or plus tolerance of the crossbar distances so that the same support rod projection results on each grate on both grate sides and at the same time all crossbars have the same distance. The aim is to achieve the same supporting rod protrusions and to keep the number of cross rods as low as possible.

Ein Nachteil dieses Verfahrens und des Gitterrostes selbst liegt darin, daß die Anordnung der Querstäbe nicht allein durch den vorgegebenen Querstababstand, der das äußere Erscheinungsbild und die Funktionalität des Gitterrostes bestimmt, sondern wesentlich auch durch die Toleranzgrenzen bestimmt wird, die im Bereich von 5% des vorgegebenen Querstababstandes liegen. Es wird daher zugunsten eines vorgegebenen, nur zweifach auftretenden Tragstabüberstandes der Abstand einer Vielzahl von Querstäben vom vorgegebenen Optimum für den Querstababstand abgeändert.A disadvantage of this method and the grating itself is that the arrangement of the cross bars not only by the specified crossbar spacing, the the external appearance and functionality of the Grate determined, but essentially also by the Tolerance limits are determined, which are in the range of 5% of the predetermined crossbar spacing. It will therefore in favor of a given, only two The distance between a large number of cross bars from the given optimum for the crossbar spacing modified.

Der Erfindung liegt nun das Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gitterrostes zu schaffen, mit dem sich Gitterroste mit vorgegebenen Abmessungen und Teilungen herstellen lassen, die bezüglich der Anordnung der Trag- bzw. Querstäbe symmetrisch bezüglich der Mittellängs- bzw. Mittelquerachse sind und somit gleiche Endmaschengrößen aufweisen.The invention is based on the problem of a method to create a grating, with which gratings with predetermined dimensions and have divisions made with regard to the arrangement the support or cross bars symmetrical with respect are the central longitudinal or central transverse axis and thus have the same final mesh sizes.

Zur Lösung dieses Problems werden nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bei einem Gitterrost, dessen Breite ungleich der Summe aus einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen eines vorgegebenen Teilungsmaßes der Tragstäbe und der Dicke eines der am Rand des Gitterrostes angeordneten Tragstäbe ist, Tragstäbe in Längsrichtung parallel zueinander angeordnet, auf eine vorgegebene Länge geschnitten, und, entweder die beiden Tragstäbe, zwischen denen die Mittellängsachse verläuft, oder zwei symmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse angeordnete Paare von benachbarten Tragstäben mit einem vom Teilungsmaß verschiedenen Abstand angeordnet, während die restlichen Tragstäbe symmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse mit dem gleichen Teilungsmaß angeordnet sind. To solve this problem, according to the invention Procedure for a grating whose width is not equal the sum of an integer multiple of one predetermined pitch of the support rods and the thickness one of the support rods arranged at the edge of the grating is, support rods in the longitudinal direction parallel to each other arranged, cut to a predetermined length, and, either the two support rods between which the Central longitudinal axis, or two symmetrical to Middle longitudinal axis arranged pairs of neighboring Support bars with a spacing different from the pitch arranged while the remaining support rods are symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis with the same pitch are arranged.

In gleicher Weise, wie zuvor für die Tragstäbe beschrieben, können auch die Querstäbe angeordnet sein.In the same way as previously described for the support rods, the cross bars can also be arranged.

Bei allen Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind die Gitterroste zur Mittellängsachse und zur Mittelquerachse symmetrisch, so daß alle vier Eckmaschen gleich groß sind. Dabei liegen die von den vorgegebenen Abmessungen abweichenden Maschen entweder im Bereich der Mittelachsen, zwischen den Mittelachsen und den Randstäben oder am Rand des Rostes.The gratings are in all embodiments of the method to the central longitudinal axis and to the central transverse axis symmetrical so that all four corner stitches are the same size are. Thereby lie from the given dimensions deviating meshes either in the area of the central axes, between the central axes and the edge bars or on the edge of the grate.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe basiert auf dem Gedanken, die Trag- und/oder die Querstäbe unter Benutzung der vorgegebenen Teilungen, ausgehend von einer Mittellängsachse und/oder einer Mittelquerachse oder ausgehend von den äußeren Tragstäben und/oder dem ersten und letzten Querstab mit gleichbleibender Teilung in Längs- und Querrichtung so zu verteilen, daß sich aufgrund der vorgegebenen Abmessungen und Teilungen ergebende Restmaschen im Bereich der Mittellängsachse und/oder der Mittelquerachse liegen bzw. Restmaschen benachbart zu den äußeren Tragstäben und/oder zu dem ersten und letzten Querstab oder im Bereich beiderseits der Mittellängsachse und/oder der Mittelquerachse parallel und symmetrisch dazu entstehen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich an allen Rostecken gleiche Endfeldgrößen herstellen, die quadratisch oder rechteckig sein können, je nachdem ob gleiche oder unterschiedliche Teilungen für die Trag- und die Querstäbe gewählt werden und je nachdem, wie sich die Trag- und die Querstäbe aufgrund der vorgegebenen Teilung innerhalb der vorgegebenen Gitterrostlänge und -breite unterbringen lassen. The solution to this problem is based on the idea that Support and / or the cross bars using the given Divisions, starting from a central longitudinal axis and / or a central transverse axis or starting from the outer support rods and / or the first and last crossbar with constant division in the longitudinal and transverse directions to be distributed in such a way that based on the given The remaining stitches in the dimensions and pitches Area of the central longitudinal axis and / or the central transverse axis lie or remaining stitches adjacent to the outer Support rods and / or to the first and last crossbar or in the area on both sides of the central longitudinal axis and / or the central transverse axis parallel and symmetrical to arise. This way, everyone can Rostecken produce the same end panel sizes that are square or can be rectangular, depending on whether they are the same or different divisions for the support and the Cross bars are chosen and depending on how the Support and cross bars based on the specified division within the specified grating length and -have width accommodated.

Die Größe der Endfelder an den Rostecken läßt sich den Befestigungstechniken für die Gitterroste anpassen. Die Gitterroste lassen sich, unabhängig vom Teilungsmaß der Trag- und der Querstäbe sofort seitlich sowie am Anfang und am Ende eingefaßt herstellen. Dabei können keine Materialdopplungen durch Anschweißen einer sogenannten dritten Seite entstehen, was sich günstig auf das Verhalten bei einem evtl. Beschichten, beispielsweise einem Verzinken, auswirkt.The size of the end panels at the Rostecken can be Adjust fastening techniques for the gratings. The Gratings can be, regardless of the pitch of the Support and cross bars immediately to the side and at the beginning and produce edged at the end. There can be no duplication of material by welding a so-called third party arise, which is beneficial to behavior with a possible coating, for example one Galvanizing has an impact.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zum Herstellen von aus Trag- und aus Querstäben bestehenden Gitterrosten mit vorgegebenen Abmessungen und Teilungsmaßen besteht darin, daß erfindungsgemäß in einen Rechner die Gitterrostlänge und -breite sowie die Dicke und die Teilungsmaße der Tragstäbe und der Querstäbe eingegeben werden, der Rechner die Zahl der für einen Gitterrost erforderlichen Tragstäbe und Querstäbe ermittelt, die Breite des Gitterrostes ungleich der Summe aus einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen des Teilungsmaßes der Tragstäbe und der Dicke eines der am Rand des Gitterrostes angeordneten Tragstäbe ist, der Rechner entweder die beiden Tragstäbe, zwischen denen die Mittellängsachse verläuft, oder zwei symmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse angeordnete Paare von benachbarten Tragstäben mit einem vom Teilungsmaß verschiedenen Abstand, die restlichen Tragstäbe symmetrisch zur Mittellängsachse mit dem gleichen Teilungsmaß und die Querstäbe symmetrisch zur Mittelquerachse verteilt und bei dem die Tragstäbe durch Ansteuern eines Tragstabhalters sowie die Querstäbe durch Ansteuern eines Querstabhalters positioniert und die Querstäbe mit den Tragstäben verschweißt werden.A preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of consisting of supporting and cross bars Gratings with specified dimensions and division dimensions is that according to the invention in a computer the grating length and width as well as the thickness and entered the division dimensions of the supporting bars and the cross bars be, the calculator the number of for a grate required supporting bars and cross bars are determined, the width of the grating not equal to the sum of one integer multiples of the pitch of the support rods and the thickness of one of the arranged at the edge of the grating Support rods is, the calculator either the two Supporting rods, between which the central longitudinal axis runs, or two arranged symmetrically to the central longitudinal axis Pairs of adjacent supporting bars with one of the Pitch different distance, the remaining support rods symmetrical to the central longitudinal axis with the same Pitch and the cross bars symmetrical to the central transverse axis distributed and in which the support rods by control a support rod holder and the cross bars Control a crossbar holder positioned and the Cross bars are welded to the support bars.

In gleicher Weise, wie zuvor für die Tragstäbe beschrieben, können auch die Querstäbe angeordnet werden.In the same way as previously described for the support rods, the cross bars can also be arranged.

Bei allen Verfahrensvarianten wird der gleiche Vorteil, nämlich gleich große Rest- und Endmaschen mit symmetrischen Eckbereichen erreicht, und die Berechnung der Trag- und der Querstäbeanzahl sowie -verteilung beschränkt sich darauf, die Anzahl der Trag- und der Querstäbe aus den vorgegebenen Gitterrostabmessungen und Teilungen zu berechnen sowie diese in der angegebenen Weise zu verteilen. Da sich die Toleranzen beim Positionieren der Tragstäbe und der Querstäbe nicht kummulieren - die Tragstäbe bzw. die Querstäbe werden stets ausgehend von der Mittellängsachse oder der Mittelquerachse bzw. den seitlichen Tragstäben oder den ersten und dem letzten Querstab aus positioniert - ergeben sich maßgenaue Gitterroste, die sich problemlos aneinanderlegen lassen und ein symmetrisches Verlegebild ergeben. Die Steuerung der Tragstab- und der Querstabhalter sowie des Gitterrostauszugs, wenn die Querstäbe schrittweise verlegt werden, wird dadurch erheblich vereinfacht, so daß sich die Fertigung der erfindungsgemäßen Gitterroste kostengünstiger durchführen läßt.The same advantage applies to all process variants, namely remaining and final stitches of equal size with symmetrical Corner areas reached, and the calculation of the The number of supporting beams and the number of crossbars and their distribution are limited depend on the number of support and cross bars from the given grate dimensions and To calculate divisions and these in the specified Way to distribute. Because the tolerances when positioning the support rods and the cross rods do not cumulate - The support rods or the cross bars are always outgoing from the central longitudinal axis or the central transverse axis or the side support bars or the first and the positioned from the last crossbar - result in precise dimensions Gratings that are easy to put together leave and result in a symmetrical laying pattern. The Control of the support bar and cross bar holder and the Grid pull-out if the crossbars are laid step by step are significantly simplified, so that the manufacture of the gratings according to the invention can be carried out more cost-effectively.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Gitterrostes des näheren erläutert. The invention is based on one in the Drawing schematically shown grating explained in more detail.

Der Gitterrost besteht aus in Längsrichtung parallelen, auf eine vorgegebene Länge geschnittenen Tragstäben 1,7,8, von denen die äußeren Tragstäbe 7,8 die seitliche Begrenzung des Gitterrosts bilden. Die Tragstäbe 1,7,8 sind mit einem Teilungsmaß T1 von den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8 aus zu einer Mittellängsachse 3 hin ausgerichtet. Falls die Gitterrostbreite nicht einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen des Teilungsmaßes T1 entspricht, ergeben sich im Bereich der Mittellängsachse 3 Restmaschen 5 mit einer Breite B. Die Anzahl der Tragstäbe 1,7,8 bei vorgegebener Gitterrostbreite und vorgegebenem Teilungsmaß T1 wird so gewählt, daß die Breite B der Restmaschen 5 nicht kleiner als das halbe Teilungsmaß T1 und nicht größer als das eineinhalbfache Teilungsmaß T1 wird.The grating consists of support rods 1, 7, 8, which are parallel in the longitudinal direction and cut to a predetermined length, of which the outer support rods 7, 8 form the lateral boundary of the grating. The support rods 1,7,8 are aligned with a pitch T 1 from the outer support rods 7,8 towards a central longitudinal axis 3. If the grating width does not correspond to an integer multiple of the pitch T 1 , there are 3 remaining meshes 5 with a width B in the area of the central longitudinal axis. The number of supporting bars 1,7,8 for a given grating width and a given pitch T 1 is chosen so that the Width B of the remaining stitches 5 does not become smaller than half the pitch T 1 and not larger than one and a half times the pitch T 1 .

Auf die Tragstäbe 1,7,8 sind Querstäbe 2,9,10 preßgeschweißt, von denen der erste Querstab 9 und der letzte Querstab 10 den vorderen und hinteren Abschluß des Gitterrosts bilden.Cross bars 2, 9, 10 are pressure-welded onto the support bars 1, 7, 8, the first cross bar 9 and the last one Cross bar 10 the front and rear end of the grating form.

Die Querstäbe 2,9,10 sind, ausgehend von einer Mittelquerachse 4, mit gleichem Teilungsmaß T2 verteilt, wodurch neben dem ersten und dem letzten Querstab 9,10 Restmaschen 6 entstehen, deren Länge L einem Teilungsmaß T2 entspricht, wenn die Rostlänge ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches des Teilungsmaßes T2 ist. Ist dies nicht der Fall, kann die Länge L der Restmaschen 6 größer oder kleiner als das Teilungsmaß T2 ausfallen, wobei die Länge L nicht kleiner als das halbe Teilungsmaß T2 und nicht größer als das eineinhalbfache Teilungsmaß T2 gewählt wird. The cross bars 2, 9, 10, starting from a central transverse axis 4, are distributed with the same pitch T 2 , which in addition to the first and last cross bars 9, 10 creates remaining stitches 6, the length L of which corresponds to a pitch T 2 when the grate length is one is an integer multiple of the pitch T 2 . If this is not the case, the length L of the remaining stitches 6 can be greater or smaller than the pitch T 2 , the length L being chosen not less than half the pitch T 2 and not greater than one and a half times the pitch T 2 .

Die Ecken 11 des Gitterrosts besitzen alle die gleiche Größe und lassen sich der Befestigungstechnik für den Gitterrost anpassen.The corners 11 of the grating all have the same Size and can be the fastening technology for the Adjust grating.

Eine andere Ausführung des Gitterrostes kann darin bestehen, daß sowohl die Tragstäbe 1,7,8 als auch die Querstäbe 2,9,10, ausgehend von der Mittellängsachse 3 und der Mittelquerachse 4, mit gleichem Teilungsmaß T1, T2 verteilt sind. In diesem Fall ergeben sich die Restmaschen sowohl neben dem ersten und dem letzten Querstab 9,10, als auch neben den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8.Another design of the grating can consist in that both the support rods 1,7,8 and the crossbars 2,9,10, starting from the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4, are distributed with the same pitch T 1 , T 2 . In this case, the remaining stitches result next to the first and the last cross bar 9, 10 as well as next to the outer support bars 7, 8.

Unter Benutzung des gleichen Prinzips der Tragstab- und der Querstabverteilung lassen sich auch Gitterroste herstellen, bei denen die Tragstäbe 1,7,8 und die Querstäbe 2,9,10, ausgehend von den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8 bzw. dem ersten und dem letzten Querstab 9,10, zur Mittellängsachse 3 und zur Mittelquerachse 4 hin mit gleichem Teilungsmaß T1, T2 verteilt werden, so daß sich die Restmaschen sowohl zwischen den Tragstäben 1 als auch zwischen den Querstäben 2 im Bereich der Mittellängsachse 3 bzw. der Mittelquerachse 4 ergeben.Using the same principle of support bar and cross bar distribution, gratings can also be produced in which the support bars 1,7,8 and the cross bars 2,9,10, starting from the outer support bars 7,8 or the first and the last Cross bar 9, 10, to the central longitudinal axis 3 and to the central transverse axis 4 with the same pitch T 1 , T 2 , so that the remaining meshes between the supporting bars 1 and between the cross bars 2 in the area of the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4 surrender.

Es ist auch möglich, parallele symmetrische Restmaschen in die Bereiche zwischen der Längsmittelachse 3 und den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8 zwischen der Quermittelachse 4 und dem ersten und letzten Querstab 9,10 anzuordnen.It is also possible to have parallel symmetrical remaining stitches in the areas between the longitudinal central axis 3 and the outer support rods 7,8 between the transverse central axis 4th and to arrange the first and last crossbar 9, 10.

Schließlich ist es auch noch in Umkehrung der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführung möglich, die Tragstäbe 1,7,8, ausgehend von der Mittellängsachse 3, mit gleichmäßigem Teilungsmaß T1 zu verteilen, so daß die Restmaschen neben den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8 liegen, während die Querstäbe 2,9,10, ausgehend vom ersten und vom letzten Querstab 9,10 mit gleichem Teilungsmaß T2 zur Mittelquerachse 4 hin verteilt sind und sich dadurch die Restmaschen im Bereich der Mittelquerachse 4 ergeben.Finally, it is also possible, in reverse of the embodiment shown in the drawing, to distribute the support rods 1, 7, 8 starting from the central longitudinal axis 3 with a uniform pitch T 1 , so that the remaining stitches lie next to the outer support rods 7, 8. while the cross bars 2, 9, 10, starting from the first and from the last cross bar 9, 10, are distributed with the same pitch T 2 towards the central transverse axis 4, and this results in the remaining stitches in the region of the central transverse axis 4.

Allen Ausführungen ist gemeinsam, daß vorgegebene feste Teilungsmaße T1, T2 dazu dienen, die Tragstäbe 1,7,8 bzw. die Querstäbe 2,9,10 zu verteilen, und zwar, entweder ausgehend von der Mittellängsachse 3 und der Mittelquerachse 4 oder, ausgehend von den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8, oder dem ersten und dem letzten Querstab 9,10, so daß entweder im Bereich der Mittellängsachse 3 und der Mittelquerachse 4, oder neben den äußeren Tragstäben 7,8 bzw. dem ersten und dem letzten Querstab 9,10 Restmaschen entstehen, die größer, gleich oder kleiner als das Teilungsmaß T1, T2 sein können.All versions have in common that predetermined fixed division dimensions T 1 , T 2 serve to distribute the support rods 1,7,8 and the cross bars 2,9,10, respectively, either starting from the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4 or , starting from the outer support rods 7,8, or the first and the last crossbar 9,10, so that either in the area of the central longitudinal axis 3 and the central transverse axis 4, or next to the outer support rods 7,8 or the first and the last crossbar 9.10 residual meshes arise which can be larger, equal or smaller than the pitch T 1 , T 2 .

Zur Herstellung der Gitterroste läßt sich eine Vorrichtung verwenden, wie sie in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-32 45 179 beschrieben ist. Diese Vorrichtung wird daher im einzelnen hier nicht beschrieben.To produce the gratings use a device like the one in German Published patent application DE-A-32 45 179. This The device is therefore not described in detail here.

Claims (2)

  1. Method for making gratings consisting of bearer bars and crossbars and having residual spacings, wherein the residual spacings result from the ratio of predetermined dimensions and a predetermined pitch, characterised in that the number of the bearer bars is determined having regard to their thickness, the bearer bars are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal centre line and the bars between which the longitudinal centre line extends, or two pairs of adjacent bearer bars, are arranged such that the distance between them differs from the predetermined pitch and the remaining bearer bars can be arranged with the predetermined pitch.
  2. Method for making gratings consisting of bearer bars and crossbars and having residual spacings, wherein the residual spacings result from the ratio of predetermined dimensions and a predetermined pitch, characterised in that the number of the crossbars is determined having regard to their thickness, the crossbars are arranged symmetrically with respect to the transverse centre line and the crossbars between which the transverse centre line extends, or two pairs of adjacent crossbars, are arranged such that the distance between them differs from the predetermined pitch and the remaining crossbars can be arranged with the predetermined pitch.
EP19930107504 1992-06-30 1993-05-08 Method of manufacturing gratings Expired - Lifetime EP0576808B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4221469 1992-06-30
DE19924221469 DE4221469C2 (en) 1992-06-30 1992-06-30 Process for the production of gratings

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EP0576808A1 EP0576808A1 (en) 1994-01-05
EP0576808B1 true EP0576808B1 (en) 1998-06-10

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DE (1) DE4221469C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2121031T3 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE238115T1 (en) * 1999-11-05 2003-05-15 Stapelmann Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRATES MADE FROM SUPPORT AND CROSS BARS WITH UNIFORM MESH SIZES

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2124523A1 (en) * 1971-05-18 1972-12-07 Weland & Söhne GmbH, 2400 Lübeck Support grid
DE2617696C3 (en) * 1976-04-23 1981-10-15 Stapelmann & Co, 4044 Kaarst Process for the production of gratings
DE3245179C2 (en) * 1982-12-07 1985-01-17 Staco Stapelmann GmbH, 4044 Kaarst Device for making gratings

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EP0576808A1 (en) 1994-01-05
DE4221469A1 (en) 1994-01-05
DE4221469C2 (en) 2000-03-23
ES2121031T3 (en) 1998-11-16

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