EP0575268A1 - Building material made of layered and glued wood - Google Patents
Building material made of layered and glued wood Download PDFInfo
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- EP0575268A1 EP0575268A1 EP93420246A EP93420246A EP0575268A1 EP 0575268 A1 EP0575268 A1 EP 0575268A1 EP 93420246 A EP93420246 A EP 93420246A EP 93420246 A EP93420246 A EP 93420246A EP 0575268 A1 EP0575268 A1 EP 0575268A1
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- glued
- layer
- laminated
- bending
- vertical direction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/14—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
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- the present invention relates to a new type of wooden material of the glued laminated type, material which in the following description, will be designated by the expression "beam”.
- Wood as a building material, has the distinction of having a very wide variability in its mechanical properties since it is a natural material. These properties are influenced, within each species, by geo-climatic parameters, by silvicultural data, or by transformation characteristics. In addition, the products derived from its transformation are limited in their geometry and in their volume. Lumber products rarely have a length of more than ten meters, with maximum sections of the order of 180/300 cm, which therefore limits the field of use of such a product.
- the lower values of resistance and modulus of deformation, obtained by destructive sampling tests adapted, are considered as reference. Almost unanimously, and for the resistance values, the 5% fractile (value for which 5% of the parts tested have lower characteristics), is the reference data. This 5% fractile is associated with an implementation safety factor (s). The quotient 5% fractile divided by the safety coefficient, (s), gives the admissible resistance values, usable by the specialist for the sizing of the structure (framework for example).
- Such an operating system is therefore highly dependent on the lowest resistance values, without exploiting the existence of higher values.
- a factor of about eight, between the lowest resistances and the highest resistances is usual.
- Such variability therefore results in being able to sort or classify the woods according to the characteristics it exhibits.
- the oldest method consists in carrying out a classification by simple visual control, which obviously gives very poor results.
- non-destructive checks such as for example ultrasound or bending control, which makes it possible to obtain much better results.
- the solution proposed according to the invention makes it possible to solve this problem of improving the resistance of the beams by the fact that a reinforcement is obtained while keeping the initial rectangular section, without adding material.
- the material according to the invention comprises a single layer of glued laminated, thus glued in the vertical direction, the other layers being made of lamellas glued in the horizontal direction, according to a conforming variant according to the invention, a second layer of glue-laminate added in the vertical direction can be placed at the top.
- the whole of the material according to the invention is made up entirely of layers of glulam arranged vertically and joined together by gluing.
- the layer of glulam arranged in the vertical direction must comprise at least three to four elementary blades, to benefit from the effect of redistribution of the stresses of the blade the lowest locally on the adjacent vertical blades (parallel effect), the increase in the number of vertical blades making it possible to decrease the variability of resistance of the beams produced, and therefore to increase their reliability.
- Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate, schematically, the three embodiments of a glued laminated wood building material produced in accordance with the invention.
- such a beam consists of a conventional glued-laminated assembly (1), consisting of eleven parallel layers arranged horizontally and, glued in a vertical direction, a layer (2) d '' a glued laminate comprising five lamellae and arranged in the most stretched zone, and therefore oriented in the direction in which the bending is exerted.
- the material according to the invention is in the form of a beam also of rectangular section, consisting in its central part of a conventional glued laminated (1) comprising ten horizontal layers and, located on either side of this central area (1), of two layers (2) of glued laminated, glued vertically, and each consisting of five strips.
- the coefficient of variation, standard deviation ratio on average, of the supply wood (the stop blades) is 25% for example, the coefficient of variation of conventional glued laminated timber will be from 18 to 20%, and that of the wood produced in accordance with the invention of the order of 10 to 13%.
- the reduction in this variability is directly linked to the gain in reliability and thus makes it possible to increase the resistance values used by specialists for the dimensioning of structures.
- Such a design makes it possible to obtain beams having admissible resistance values greater than 30 to 40% compared to beams produced in conventional glulam.
- the mechanical quality of the beam is further optimized by sorting the best blades which are preferably intended for vertical blades.
- the material according to the invention it is advisable to have at least three to four blades in the glued laminated element arranged vertically in the stretched area.
- blades of approximately 25 mm thickness for example to produce the element placed in the stretched area.
- conventional blades 33 mm thick or more are suitable.
- the reduction in thickness of the strips of the multi-bonded element disposed in the stretched area is an optimization parameter in the sense that it increases the number of vertical strips and thus reduces the variability of beam resistance.
- the product according to the invention has another advantage which is that the mechanical values which result therefrom are valid for all sections. If the height of the section increases, within the framework of a conventional glued laminated product, reducing coefficients intervene to reduce the admissible values, taking in this sense into account negative volume effects on the resistance of the beam (case of all serial systems). With the product according to the invention, there is no volume effect, provided that the element placed in the stretched area represents at least 15% of the section.
- Such a material can be produced from all types of wood and according to conventional lamination techniques, techniques which will therefore not be described for the sake of simplification.
- the mechanical properties of the beam will be deduced from the properties of the supply woods (fir, spruce, pine, larch, etc.).
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention a trait à un nouveau type de matériau en bois du type lamellé-collé, matériau qui dans la suite de la description, sera désigné par l'expression "poutre".The present invention relates to a new type of wooden material of the glued laminated type, material which in the following description, will be designated by the expression "beam".
Parmi les matériaux les plus anciens utilisés pour la réalisation d'ouvrages divers, notamment pour réaliser les éléments devant résister à la flexion, le plus ancien qui est encore couramment utilisé à ce jour, est le bois.Among the oldest materials used for the realization of various works, in particular to realize the elements having to resist bending, the oldest which is still commonly used to date, is wood.
Le bois, comme matériau de construction, a la particularité d'avoir une très grande variabilité de ses propriétés mécaniques étant donné qu'il s'agit d'un matériau naturel. Ces propriétés sont influencées, au sein de chaque essence, par des paramètres géo-climatiques, par des données sylvicoles, ou encore par des caractéristiques de transformation. De plus, les produits dérivés de sa transformation sont limités dans leur géométrie et dans leur volume. Les produits de sciages ont rarement une longueur supérieure à dix mètres, avec des sections maximales de l'ordre de 180/300 cm, ce qui limite donc le domaine d'utilisation d'un tel produit.Wood, as a building material, has the distinction of having a very wide variability in its mechanical properties since it is a natural material. These properties are influenced, within each species, by geo-climatic parameters, by silvicultural data, or by transformation characteristics. In addition, the products derived from its transformation are limited in their geometry and in their volume. Lumber products rarely have a length of more than ten meters, with maximum sections of the order of 180/300 cm, which therefore limits the field of use of such a product.
Par ailleurs, pour déterminer des valeurs mécaniques caractéristiques, mises à disposition des ingénieurs par l'intermédiaire des normes pour chaque type de produit bois destiné à la structure, les valeurs inférieures de résistance et de module de déformation, obtenues par essais destructifs d'échantillonnage adapté, sont considérés comme référence. Presque unanimement, et pour les valeurs de résistance, le fractile 5 % (valeur pour laquelle 5 % des pièces testées ont des caractéristiques inférieures), est la donnée de référence. A ce fractile 5 %, est associé un coefficient de sécurité (s) de mise en oeuvre. Le quotient fractile 5 % divisé par le coefficient de sécurité, (s), donne les valeurs de résistance admissibles, utilisables par le spécialiste pour le dimensionnement de l'ouvrage (charpente par exemple).In addition, to determine characteristic mechanical values, made available to engineers through standards for each type of wood product intended for the structure, the lower values of resistance and modulus of deformation, obtained by destructive sampling tests adapted, are considered as reference. Almost unanimously, and for the resistance values, the 5% fractile (value for which 5% of the parts tested have lower characteristics), is the reference data. This 5% fractile is associated with an implementation safety factor (s). The quotient 5% fractile divided by the safety coefficient, (s), gives the admissible resistance values, usable by the specialist for the sizing of the structure (framework for example).
Un tel système d'exploitation est donc fortement dépendant des valeurs de résistance les plus faibles, sans exploiter l'existence de valeurs plus élevées. A titre illustratif, au sein d'une même essence, un facteur d'environ huit, entre les résistances les plus faibles et les résistances les plus élevées, est usuel. Une telle variabilité entraîne donc de pouvoir réaliser un triage ou classement des bois en fonction des caractéristiques qu'il présente. La méthode la plus ancienne consiste à réaliser un classement par simple contrôle visuel, ce qui de manière évidente, donne des résultats très médiocres. Très récemment, il a été proposé de réaliser des contrôles non destructifs, comme par exemple à l'ultrason ou le contrôle de flexion, ce qui permet d'obtenir des résultats nettement meilleurs. Malgré de tels contrôles, il subsiste toujours une forte variabilité, engendrant des valeurs admissibles d'exploitation relativement faibles, et surtout, une fiabilité incertaine.Such an operating system is therefore highly dependent on the lowest resistance values, without exploiting the existence of higher values. By way of illustration, within the same species, a factor of about eight, between the lowest resistances and the highest resistances, is usual. Such variability therefore results in being able to sort or classify the woods according to the characteristics it exhibits. The oldest method consists in carrying out a classification by simple visual control, which obviously gives very poor results. Very recently, it has been proposed to carry out non-destructive checks, such as for example ultrasound or bending control, which makes it possible to obtain much better results. Despite such controls, there is still a high variability, generating relatively low operating values, and above all, uncertain reliability.
Pour obtenir des produits, telles que des poutres de grande longueur et de section non limitée et qui présentent par ailleurs des caractéristiques mécaniques beaucoup plus constantes et reproductibles d'une poutre à une autre, il a été proposé il y a bientôt un siècle, de réaliser des matériaux en bois selon la technique dite "lamellé-collé", qui consiste à débiter le bois en lamelles de grande longueur et de faible épaisseur, et à le reconstituer en superposant lesdites lamelles, le plus souvent à fils parallèles et en les assemblant entre elles par collage. Une telle technique a l'avantage d'offrir des caractéristiques géométriques très larges et permet, grâce aux techniques d'aboutage (opération de mise bout à bout des lames), d'obtenir des ensembles de très grande longueur (pouvant atteindre trente à quarante mètres), la seule limite étant celle du problème de transport.To obtain products, such as beams of great length and of unlimited section and which moreover have much more constant and reproducible mechanical characteristics from one beam to another, it was proposed almost a century ago, to make wooden materials using the so-called "glued-laminated" technique, which consists of cutting the wood into strips of great length and thickness, and reconstituting it by superimposing said strips, most often with parallel threads and assembling them between them by gluing. Such a technique has the advantage of offering very wide geometrical characteristics and makes it possible, thanks to the butting techniques (operation of placing the blades end to end), to obtain assemblies of very long length (up to thirty to forty meters), the only limit being that of transportation problem.
Toutes les techniques de reconstitution de bois par lamellation, présentent à la fois un avantage et un inconvénient.All the techniques of reconstituting wood by lamination have both an advantage and a disadvantage.
Comme avantage, il permet d'éliminer les poutres à caractéristiques très faibles, par effet de distribution des contraintes sur les lamelles plus fortes (effet de moyenne dans le domaine des contraintes faibles). En celà, il permet des valeurs admissibles de résistance, en général légèrement supérieures à celles de bois sciés de qualité équivalente.As an advantage, it makes it possible to eliminate the beams with very weak characteristics, by effect of distribution of the stresses on the stronger lamellae (effect of average in the field of the weak stresses). In this, it allows admissible resistance values, generally slightly higher than those of sawn wood of equivalent quality.
En revanche, à cause de la faiblesse de l'aboutage sous des contraintes de traction, qui se retrouve toujours dans une lamelle externe tendue (cas de la flexion), la résistance moyenne du bois lamellé-collé est inférieure à celle du même bois non collé. En effet, quand la poutre travaille en flexion, ce qui représente 70 % à 80 % des cas, une des deux lames externes est tendue. Quand cette lame casse, dans un aboutage ou dans un noeud de la planche, elle transfère ses contraintes à la lame supérieure, et la poutre casse complètement. On parle alors d'un fonctionnement sériel, fragilisant la poutre. De plus, si le collage de l'aboutage est mal maîtrisé par le producteur, ce qui est très difficilement contrôlable, l'aboutage est systématiquement un facteur supplémentaire de variabilité, occasionnant des poutres à caractéristiques faibles, et entraînant donc un manque de fiabilité du produit.On the other hand, because of the weakness of the jointing under tensile stresses, which is always found in a stretched external strip (case of bending), the average resistance of glued laminated timber is lower than that of the same non-laminated timber. glue. Indeed, when the beam works in flexion, which represents 70% to 80% of the cases, one of the two external blades is stretched. When this blade breaks, in a butt or in a knot of the board, it transfers its stresses to the upper blade, and the beam breaks completely. We then speak of a serial operation, weakening the beam. In addition, if the bonding of the butting is poorly controlled by the producer, which is very difficult to control, the butting is systematically an additional factor of variability, causing beams with weak characteristics, and therefore causing a lack of reliability of the product.
Pour résoudre ce problème et en vue d'améliorer la résistance des poutres, il a été proposé comme cela ressort notamment du DE-B-1 609 898, de faire évoluer l'inertie des poutres qui sont initialement rectangulaires en rajoutant de la matière dans les zones inférieure et supérieure de ladite poutre, et plus particulièrement latéralement. L'inconvénient d'une telle solution est que l'on augmente l'épaisseur puisque l'on rajoute de la matière, mais surtout réside dans le fait que l'on complique les sections.To solve this problem and with a view to improving the resistance of the beams, it has been proposed, as is apparent in particular from DE-B-1 609 898, to change the inertia of the beams which are initially rectangular by adding material in the lower and upper zones of said beam, and more particularly laterally. The disadvantage of such a solution is that it increases the thickness since we add material, but above all lies in the fact that we complicate the sections.
Par ailleurs, les solutions proposées conduisent à des éléments qui n'ont plus une section rectangulaire, la nouvelle forme obtenue pouvant être dommageable d'un point de vue technique (complexité de production, modification d'assemblage...) et esthétique, donc architecturale.Furthermore, the solutions proposed lead to elements which no longer have a rectangular section, the new shape obtained being able to be damaging from a technical point of view (production complexity, modification of assembly, etc.) and aesthetic, therefore architectural.
Or on a trouvé, et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de la présente invention, un nouveau type de matériau de construction en bois obtenu selon la technique de lamellation, qui permet de résoudre ces problèmes et élimine pratiquement tous risques de casse de la poutre en cas de rupture de l'une des lames externes de la zone tendue lorsque la dite poutre travaille en flexion.Now we have found, and this is what is the subject of the present invention, a new type of wooden building material obtained according to the lamination technique, which makes it possible to solve these problems and virtually eliminates any risk of breakage of the beam in the event of a rupture of one of the external blades of the stretched area when said beam works in flexion.
Il convient de noter que, contrairement aux solutions antérieures, la solution proposée selon l'invention, permet de résoudre ce problème d'amélioration de la résistance des poutres par le fait que l'on obtient un renforcement tout en gardant la section rectangulaire initiale, et ce sans ajouter de matière.It should be noted that, unlike previous solutions, the solution proposed according to the invention makes it possible to solve this problem of improving the resistance of the beams by the fact that a reinforcement is obtained while keeping the initial rectangular section, without adding material.
D'une manière générale, le nouveau matériau de construction conforme à l'invention (poutre) se présente sous la forme d'un ensemble ayant une section rectangulaire, réalisé à partir de couches de bois lamellé-collé, et se caractérise en ce que:
- il comporte au moins deux ensembles constitués chacun d'une couche lamellée-collée formée de lames de section rectangulaire, juxtaposées côte à côte sans décalage les unes par rapport aux autres;
- il a une structure telle que, si l'on considère qu'une force de flexion s'exerce à la partie supérieure dudit matériau, au moins la couche externe (couche inférieure) la plus tendue lors de ce travail en flexion, est constituée de lames recollées entre elles dans le sens vertical (sens de la flexion) contre la surface inférieure de la couche qui lui est adjacente.
- it comprises at least two assemblies each consisting of a laminated-glued layer formed of blades of rectangular section, juxtaposed side by side without offset from each other;
- it has a structure such that, if we consider that a bending force is exerted on the upper part of said material, at least the outer layer (lower layer) the most stretched during this work in bending, consists of blades glued together in the vertical direction (direction of bending) against the lower surface of the layer which is adjacent to it.
Dans la suite de la description, l'invention sera décrite en se référant à une telle disposition et à un tel type de poutre à section rectangulaire.In the following description, the invention will be described with reference to such an arrangement and to such a type of beam with rectangular section.
Par ailleurs, si dans une forme de réalisation, le matériau conforme à l'invention comporte une seule couche de lamellé-collé, recollé ainsi dans le sens vertical, les autres couches étant constituées de lamelles recollées dans le sens horizontal, selon une variante conforme à l'invention, une seconde couche de lamellé-collé rapportée dans le sens vertical peut être disposée à la partie supérieure.Furthermore, if in one embodiment, the material according to the invention comprises a single layer of glued laminated, thus glued in the vertical direction, the other layers being made of lamellas glued in the horizontal direction, according to a conforming variant according to the invention, a second layer of glue-laminate added in the vertical direction can be placed at the top.
Enfin, selon une autre forme de réalisation, l'ensemble du matériau conforme à l'invention, est constitué en totalité, de couches de lamellé-collé disposées verticalement et solidarisées entre elles par collage.Finally, according to another embodiment, the whole of the material according to the invention, is made up entirely of layers of glulam arranged vertically and joined together by gluing.
Il convient également de noter que selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, la couche de lamellé-collé disposée dans le sens vertical, doit comporter au moins trois à quatre lames élémentaires, pour bénéficier de l'effet de redistribution des contraintes de la lame la plus faible localement sur les lames verticales adjacentes (effet parallèle), l'augmentation du nombre de lames verticales permettant de diminuer la variabilité de résistance des poutres produites, et donc d'augmenter leur fiabilité.It should also be noted that according to an essential characteristic of the invention, the layer of glulam arranged in the vertical direction, must comprise at least three to four elementary blades, to benefit from the effect of redistribution of the stresses of the blade the lowest locally on the adjacent vertical blades (parallel effect), the increase in the number of vertical blades making it possible to decrease the variability of resistance of the beams produced, and therefore to increase their reliability.
Les figures 1, 2 et 3 illustrent, de manière schématique, les trois formes de réalisation d'un matériau de construction en bois lamellé-collé réalisé conformément à l'invention.Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate, schematically, the three embodiments of a glued laminated wood building material produced in accordance with the invention.
Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 1, une telle poutre se compose d'un ensemble lamellé-collé conventionnel (1), constitué de onze couches parallèles disposées horizontalement et, recollée dans un sens vertical, d'une couche (2) d'un lamellé-collé comportant cinq lamelles et disposée dans la zone la plus tendue, et donc orientée dans le sens où s'exerce la flexion.In the example illustrated in Figure 1, such a beam consists of a conventional glued-laminated assembly (1), consisting of eleven parallel layers arranged horizontally and, glued in a vertical direction, a layer (2) d '' a glued laminate comprising five lamellae and arranged in the most stretched zone, and therefore oriented in the direction in which the bending is exerted.
Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 2, le matériau conforme à l'invention se présente sous la forme d'une poutre également de section rectangulaire, constituée dans sa partie centrale d'un lamellé-collé conventionnel (1) comportant dix couches horizontales et, situées de part et d'autre de cette zone centrale (1), de deux couches (2) de lamellé-collé, recollées dans le sens vertical, et constituées chacune de cinq lames.In the example illustrated in Figure 2, the material according to the invention is in the form of a beam also of rectangular section, consisting in its central part of a conventional glued laminated (1) comprising ten horizontal layers and, located on either side of this central area (1), of two layers (2) of glued laminated, glued vertically, and each consisting of five strips.
La variante illustrée à la figure 3 d'un matériau conforme à l'invention, est constituée uniquement de couches (2) de lamellé-collé disposées verticalement dans le sens où s'exerce la flexion.The variant illustrated in Figure 3 of a material according to the invention, consists only of layers (2) of glulam arranged vertically in the direction where the bending is exerted.
Grâce à une telle conception selon laquelle on positionne, dans la partie tendue de la poutre, au moins une épaisseur (2) de lamellé-collé, recollé dans un sens vertical, on retrouve donc une pluralité de lamelles (2a,2b..) fonctionnant simultanément sur la surface tendue. Par suite, si l'une de ces lamelles casse, les lamelles adjacentes supportent les contraintes, en se les redistribuant, et le système continue de résister. Un tel fonctionnement s'apparente à un système parallèle très favorable d'un point de vue résistance ultime. Cela permet d'augmenter la résistance moyenne de la poutre et limite considérablement l'existence de valeurs faibles résultant d'un problème d'aboutage ou d'un gros défaut local sur une lame (noeud).Thanks to such a design according to which at least one thickness (2) of glued laminated, glued in a vertical direction is positioned in the stretched part of the beam, there is therefore a plurality of lamellae (2a, 2b ..) operating simultaneously on the stretched surface. Consequently, if one of these strips breaks, the adjacent strips support the stresses, by redistributing them, and the system continues to resist. Such an operation is similar to a very favorable parallel system from an ultimate resistance point of view. This makes it possible to increase the average resistance of the beam and considerably limits the existence of low values resulting from a problem of jointing or a large local defect on a blade (node).
D'une manière générale, on peut dire que si le coefficient de variation, rapport écart-type sur moyenne, du bois d'approvisionnement (les lames butes) est de 25 % par exemple, le coefficient de variation du bois lamellé-collé conventionnel sera de 18 à 20 %, et celui du bois réalisé conformément à l'invention de l'ordre de 10 à 13 %. La réduction de cette variabilité est liée directement au gain de fiabilité et permet ainsi d'augmenter les valeurs de résistance utilisées par les spécialistes pour le dimensionnement des structures.In general, it can be said that if the coefficient of variation, standard deviation ratio on average, of the supply wood (the stop blades) is 25% for example, the coefficient of variation of conventional glued laminated timber will be from 18 to 20%, and that of the wood produced in accordance with the invention of the order of 10 to 13%. The reduction in this variability is directly linked to the gain in reliability and thus makes it possible to increase the resistance values used by specialists for the dimensioning of structures.
Une telle conception permet d'obtenir des poutres ayant des valeurs admissibles de résistance supérieures de 30 à 40 % par rapport à des poutres réalisées en lamellé-collé classique. On obtient également une évolution du module d'élasticité de 10 à 20 % par rapport aux normes actuelles des différents pays.Such a design makes it possible to obtain beams having admissible resistance values greater than 30 to 40% compared to beams produced in conventional glulam. We also obtain a change in the elasticity module from 10 to 20% compared to current standards in different countries.
De plus, la qualité mécanique de la poutre est encore optimisée en triant les meilleures lames que l'on destine préférentiellement aux lames verticales.In addition, the mechanical quality of the beam is further optimized by sorting the best blades which are preferably intended for vertical blades.
Comme dit précédemment, dans le matériau conforme à l'invention, il convient d'avoir au minimum trois à quatre lames dans l'élément lamellé-collé disposé verticalement dans la zone tendue. Pour des largeurs de poutres faibles, par exemple inférieures à 110 mm, il conviendra d'utiliser des lames de environ 25 mm d'épaisseur par exemple pour réaliser l'élément disposé dans la zone tendue. Pour des largeurs supérieures, des lames classiques de 33 mm d'épaisseur ou plus conviennent. Bien entendu, la diminution d'épaisseur des lames de l'élément multi-collé disposé dans la zone tendue, est un paramètre d'optimisation en ce sens qu'il augmente le nombre de lames verticales et ainsi qu'il réduit la variabilité de résistance des poutres.As said previously, in the material according to the invention, it is advisable to have at least three to four blades in the glued laminated element arranged vertically in the stretched area. For widths of small beams, for example less than 110 mm, it will be advisable to use blades of approximately 25 mm thickness for example to produce the element placed in the stretched area. For larger widths, conventional blades 33 mm thick or more are suitable. Of course, the reduction in thickness of the strips of the multi-bonded element disposed in the stretched area is an optimization parameter in the sense that it increases the number of vertical strips and thus reduces the variability of beam resistance.
Il convient également de noter que le produit conforme à l'invention présente un autre avantage qui est que les valeurs mécaniques qui en découlent, sont valables pour toutes les sections. Si la hauteur de la section augmente, dans le cadre d'un produit lamellé-collé conventionnel, des coefficients réducteurs interviennent pour réduire les valeurs admissibles, prenant en ce sens en compte des effets volumes négatifs sur la résistance de la poutre (cas de tous les systèmes sériels). Avec le produit conforme à l'invention, il n'y a pas d'effet volume, pour autant que l'élément disposé dans la zone tendue, représente au moins 15 % de la section.It should also be noted that the product according to the invention has another advantage which is that the mechanical values which result therefrom are valid for all sections. If the height of the section increases, within the framework of a conventional glued laminated product, reducing coefficients intervene to reduce the admissible values, taking in this sense into account negative volume effects on the resistance of the beam (case of all serial systems). With the product according to the invention, there is no volume effect, provided that the element placed in the stretched area represents at least 15% of the section.
Un tel matériau peut être réalisé à partir de tous types de bois et selon les techniques conventionnelles de lamellation, techniques qui ne seront donc pas décrites par mesure de simplification. Les propriétés mécaniques de la poutre seront déduites des propriétés des bois d'approvisionnement (sapin, épicéa, pin, mélèze ..).Such a material can be produced from all types of wood and according to conventional lamination techniques, techniques which will therefore not be described for the sake of simplification. The mechanical properties of the beam will be deduced from the properties of the supply woods (fir, spruce, pine, larch, etc.).
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9207544 | 1992-06-16 | ||
| FR9207544A FR2692301B1 (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1992-06-16 | BUILDING MATERIAL BASED ON GLUE-LAMINATED WOOD. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0575268A1 true EP0575268A1 (en) | 1993-12-22 |
| EP0575268B1 EP0575268B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
Family
ID=9430982
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93420246A Expired - Lifetime EP0575268B1 (en) | 1992-06-16 | 1993-06-15 | Building material made of layered and glued wood |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0575268B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE164412T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69317600T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2692301B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1015492A5 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2005-05-03 | Ronveaux E Ets Sa | WOOD COMPOSITE BEAM laminated COLLEE. |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0939177B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2004-01-14 | Kaufmann Holz AG | Beam-like sleeper for wooden building element |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2118048A (en) * | 1937-03-29 | 1938-05-24 | Timber Engineering Co | Laminated structure |
| DE897622C (en) * | 1946-09-07 | 1953-11-23 | Gottfried Kaempf | Glued wooden beam |
| US2886857A (en) * | 1953-12-14 | 1959-05-19 | Hyresgaesternas Sparkasse Och | Wooden beam constructions |
| DE1103551B (en) * | 1957-08-26 | 1961-03-30 | Josef Wolff | Wooden beams with at least three web layers glued together |
| US3170198A (en) * | 1960-06-22 | 1965-02-23 | Eliot I Snider | Wooden i-beam |
| US3445325A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1969-05-20 | Us Agriculture | Laminated wood beam with improved preservative treatment |
| DE1609898B1 (en) * | 1965-08-18 | 1971-03-25 | Wiesner Erich Dr Techn Dipl In | Joint training for wooden hall beams or the like from glued lamellas |
-
1992
- 1992-06-16 FR FR9207544A patent/FR2692301B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-06-15 AT AT93420246T patent/ATE164412T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-06-15 DE DE69317600T patent/DE69317600T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-06-15 EP EP93420246A patent/EP0575268B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2118048A (en) * | 1937-03-29 | 1938-05-24 | Timber Engineering Co | Laminated structure |
| DE897622C (en) * | 1946-09-07 | 1953-11-23 | Gottfried Kaempf | Glued wooden beam |
| US2886857A (en) * | 1953-12-14 | 1959-05-19 | Hyresgaesternas Sparkasse Och | Wooden beam constructions |
| DE1103551B (en) * | 1957-08-26 | 1961-03-30 | Josef Wolff | Wooden beams with at least three web layers glued together |
| US3170198A (en) * | 1960-06-22 | 1965-02-23 | Eliot I Snider | Wooden i-beam |
| DE1609898B1 (en) * | 1965-08-18 | 1971-03-25 | Wiesner Erich Dr Techn Dipl In | Joint training for wooden hall beams or the like from glued lamellas |
| US3445325A (en) * | 1966-08-22 | 1969-05-20 | Us Agriculture | Laminated wood beam with improved preservative treatment |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1015492A5 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2005-05-03 | Ronveaux E Ets Sa | WOOD COMPOSITE BEAM laminated COLLEE. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2692301B1 (en) | 1999-01-15 |
| DE69317600D1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0575268B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
| DE69317600T2 (en) | 1998-07-09 |
| FR2692301A1 (en) | 1993-12-17 |
| ATE164412T1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
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