EP0571796A1 - Surface protective coating and process for the manufacture thereof - Google Patents
Surface protective coating and process for the manufacture thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP0571796A1 EP0571796A1 EP93107460A EP93107460A EP0571796A1 EP 0571796 A1 EP0571796 A1 EP 0571796A1 EP 93107460 A EP93107460 A EP 93107460A EP 93107460 A EP93107460 A EP 93107460A EP 0571796 A1 EP0571796 A1 EP 0571796A1
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- layer
- surface protective
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
Definitions
- the invention relates to a surface protective layer with high wear resistance and at the same time high-quality corrosion protection properties and associated manufacturing processes.
- a main goal of the production of surface layers on metallic workpieces is to increase the mechanical wear resistance of workpieces, for example of shafts subjected to friction.
- the application of such wear-resistant layers is often accomplished today with thermal spray processes, such as autogenous flame spraying and high-speed flame spraying, arc and plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying in very good qualities (see yearbook surface technology, Vol.48, article “Thermal spraying - Facts and state of the art "v. P.Heinrich).
- Common materials that provide wear-resistant layers are included on the one hand, pure materials, such as molybdenum and manganese, alloy materials, such as chromium steels, and furthermore composite or composite injection materials, such as, for example, tungsten carbides enclosed in cobalt.
- All of these spray materials can be used as powder or in wire or rod form.
- the respective spray material is applied in particles at high speed to the surface to be coated, with a melting or at least a melting of these particles on the transport path, which is caused by the respective energy supply - fuel gas, light or plasma arc, .. .- is effected.
- a special variant in the production of surface layers by thermal spraying methods is that after the actual spraying process, a melting process is carried out, i.e. a second process step, which is associated with a second heating of the applied layer, which means layers with higher adhesion, tightness but with an additional one thermal stress on the respective component.
- wear-resistant surface layers that can be produced, however, there are deficits if, in addition to the "wear resistance” property, a further requirement, namely corrosion protection capability, is required.
- Known wear protection layers have the disadvantage that, because of their porous structure, these layers are not gas- and liquid-tight and consequently their subsurface is not protected against corrosion.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a surface protection layer which satisfies both high wear resistance and corrosion protection requirements. An associated manufacturing process must also be specified.
- This object is achieved by means of a surface protection layer which has a lower layer which is directly seated on the respective component material and serves to protect against corrosion and which has an upper layer made of a wear-resistant material thereon.
- the lower layer advantageously consists of a low-melting, metallic material, preferably of nickel-tin, copper-tin, nickel-phosphorus or lead.
- a low-melting, metallic material preferably of nickel-tin, copper-tin, nickel-phosphorus or lead.
- Materials that can be advantageously applied using thermal spraying methods such as chrome steel, molybdenum, manganese, oxide-ceramic materials or carbides, oxides or other hard materials, are particularly suitable for the top layer (e.g. also so-called cermets).
- a layer application by welding is also possible in principle (see e.g. DE-OS 40 08 091).
- Such double layers have proven to be particularly corrosion-protecting and, at the same time, extremely wear-resistant in a large number of tests and relevant tests, for example the Kesternich test or the salt spray test.
- the underlayer materials to be selected in particular according to the high level of tightness against liquids and gases ensure the corrosion protection of the substrate material, while on the other hand the top layers to be used have to ensure the desired wear resistance.
- the mechanical connection and adhesion between the two layers also meet all requirements. More positive Properties of a surface layer according to the invention consist in good adhesion even in the area of workpiece edges and in a low surface roughness.
- a suitable method for producing such a two-layer surface protection layer is that both the lower layer and the upper layer are produced using a thermal spraying method, preferably flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying.
- Another advantageous manufacturing process is characterized in that the lower layer to be initially applied to a component is applied by chemical or electrolytic deposition, while the upper layer is then again produced using a thermal spraying process, preferably high-speed flame spraying.
- the sub-layer can advantageously be applied by one of the thermal spray processes (flame spraying, plasma spraying, arc spraying, detonation spraying, laser spraying).
- the two flame spraying methods namely flame spraying and high-speed flame spraying, are particularly advantageous in the calculation between cost and the quality to be aimed for.
- the appropriate spray materials for example a Ni-Sn alloy or a Cu-Sn alloy, are used.
- a composite powder ie a spray material in which the metals which are to form the desired layer in the form of an alloy are contained in elementary form.
- a powder mixture applicable from the components of the alloy to be formed. In the case of the composite powders and the powder mixtures, the alloying either takes place during the spraying process itself, or it can be brought about by a suitable, subsequent heat treatment in an oven or with a flame.
- the other options for applying an underlayer are electrolytic application or chemical deposition of appropriate materials on the respective component (chemical deposition means: material is deposited on a surface-activated component from a solution).
- the formation of the lower layer can take place directly by the deposition of the respective alloy, or the materials forming the desired alloy are applied in two successive steps and layers and the alloy in turn is subjected to a thermal aftertreatment with a flame or in one Oven (as above!).
- the wear-resistant upper layer is applied.
- This is advantageously formed from chromium steel, molybdenum, manganese, oxide-ceramic materials or carbides, oxides or other materials containing hard materials, wherein in particular the cermets consisting of metal-ceramic compounds and also containing hard materials can also be used.
- the most suitable material can be selected depending on the respective application.
- the layer is applied very cheaply using one of the known thermal spray processes (flame spraying, ..., plasma spraying, etc. ...), with high-speed flame spraying being particularly advantageous can be classified, since this process can be used to produce layers in the desired, high quality, especially very compact and abrasion-resistant layers, with reasonable investment outlay.
- the protective layers according to the invention are particularly suitable for components which are exposed to high requirements with regard to both corrosion and abrasion.
- these are parts that are used in chemical plants or equipment in aggressive environments, or parts that are used in sea water.
- the surface protection layers according to the invention have high-quality properties both with regard to wear resistance and with regard to corrosion resistance.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Oberflächenschutzschicht mit hoher Verschleißfestigkeit und zugleich hochwertigen Korrosionsschutzeigenschaften sowie zugehörige Herstellungsverfahren.The invention relates to a surface protective layer with high wear resistance and at the same time high-quality corrosion protection properties and associated manufacturing processes.
Ein Hauptziel der Herstellung von Oberflächenschichten auf metallischen Werkstücken besteht darin, die mechanische Verschleißfestigkeit von Werkstücken, z.B. von mit Reibung beaufschlagten Wellen, zu erhöhen. Das Aufbringen solcher verschleißfester Schichten wird heute vielfach mit thermischen Spritzverfahren, wie dem autogenen Flammspritzen und Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, dem Lichtbogen- und Plasmaspritzen, dem Detonationsspritzen und dem Laserspritzen in sehr guten Qualitäten bewerkstelligt (siehe Jahrbuch Oberflächentechnik, Bd.48, Artikel"Thermisches Spritzen - Fakten und Stand der Technik" v. P.Heinrich). Gängige, verschleißfeste Schichten liefernde Materialien sind dabei einerseits Reinmaterialien, wie beispielsweise Molybdän und Mangan, Legierungsmaterialien, wie z.B. Chromstähle und weiters aus mehreren Materialien zusammengesetzte oder Verbundspritzmaterialien, wie beispielsweise in Cobalt eingeschlossene Wolframcarbide.A main goal of the production of surface layers on metallic workpieces is to increase the mechanical wear resistance of workpieces, for example of shafts subjected to friction. The application of such wear-resistant layers is often accomplished today with thermal spray processes, such as autogenous flame spraying and high-speed flame spraying, arc and plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying in very good qualities (see yearbook surface technology, Vol.48, article "Thermal spraying - Facts and state of the art "v. P.Heinrich). Common materials that provide wear-resistant layers are included on the one hand, pure materials, such as molybdenum and manganese, alloy materials, such as chromium steels, and furthermore composite or composite injection materials, such as, for example, tungsten carbides enclosed in cobalt.
Alle diese Spritzmaterialien können als Pulver oder draht- oder stabförmig zur Anwendung kommen. Beim Auftragvorgang selbst wird der jeweilige Spritzwerkstoff partikelweise mit einem Gasstrom mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die zu beschichtende Obefläche aufgebracht, wobei ein Aufschmelzen oder zumindest ein Anschmelzen dieser Partikel auf dem Transportweg erfolgt, welches durch die jeweilige Energiezufuhr - Brenngas, Licht- oder Plasmalichtbogen,...- bewirkt wird.All of these spray materials can be used as powder or in wire or rod form. During the application process itself, the respective spray material is applied in particles at high speed to the surface to be coated, with a melting or at least a melting of these particles on the transport path, which is caused by the respective energy supply - fuel gas, light or plasma arc, .. .- is effected.
Eine spezielle Variante beim Erzeugen von Oberflächenschichten durch thermische Spritzmethoden besteht darin, daß nach dem eigentlichen Aufspritzvorgang ein Einschmelzvorgang nachgeschaltet ist, also ein zweiter Verfahrensschritt, der mit einer zweiten Erwärmung der aufgebrachten Schicht verbunden ist, wodurch Schichten mit höherer Haftfähigkeit, Dichtigkeit aber mit einer zusätzlichen thermischen Belastung des jeweiligen Bauteils entstehen.A special variant in the production of surface layers by thermal spraying methods is that after the actual spraying process, a melting process is carried out, i.e. a second process step, which is associated with a second heating of the applied layer, which means layers with higher adhesion, tightness but with an additional one thermal stress on the respective component.
In Zusammenhang mit den nun geschilderten Auftragsverfahren und den erzeugbaren, verschleißfesten Oberflächenschichten bestehen jedoch Defizite, wenn neben Eigenschaft "Verschleißfestigkeit" eine weitere Anforderung, nämlich die Korrosionsschutzfähigkeit, verlangt wird. Bei bekannten Verschleißschutzschichten besteht nämlich der Nachteil, daß diese Schichten wegen ihres porösen Aufbaus nicht gas- und flüssigkeitsdicht sind und folglich deren Untergrund nicht vor Korrosion geschützt ist.In connection with the application methods described above and the wear-resistant surface layers that can be produced, however, there are deficits if, in addition to the "wear resistance" property, a further requirement, namely corrosion protection capability, is required. Known wear protection layers have the disadvantage that, because of their porous structure, these layers are not gas- and liquid-tight and consequently their subsurface is not protected against corrosion.
Die Aufgabenstellung vorliegender Erfindung besteht daher darin, eine Oberflächenschutzschicht anzugeben, die sowohl hohen Anforderungen an Verschleißfestigkeit als auch an Korrosionsschutz genügt. Ebenso ist ein zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren anzugeben.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a surface protection layer which satisfies both high wear resistance and corrosion protection requirements. An associated manufacturing process must also be specified.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Oberflächenschutzschicht gelöst, die eine auf dem jeweiligen Bauteilwerkstoff unmittelbar aufsitzende, dem Korrosionsschutz dienende Unterschicht aufweist und darauf eine aus einem verschleißfesten Werkstoff bestehende Oberschicht besitzt.This object is achieved by means of a surface protection layer which has a lower layer which is directly seated on the respective component material and serves to protect against corrosion and which has an upper layer made of a wear-resistant material thereon.
Mit Vorteil besteht die Unterschicht aus einem niedrigschmelzenden, metallischen Material, vorzugsweise aus Nickel-Zinn, Kupfer-Zinn, Nickel-Phosphor oder Blei. Für die Oberschicht eignen sich besonders die mit thermischen Spritzverfahren vorteilhaft auftragbaren Materialien wie Chromstahl, Molybdän, Mangan, oxidkeramische Materialien oder Karbide, Oxide oder andere Hartstoffe enthaltende Materialien, (z.B. auch sogenannte Cermets). Ein Schichtauftrag im Wege des Schweißens ist prinzipiell ebenso möglich (siehe z.B. DE-OS 40 08 091).The lower layer advantageously consists of a low-melting, metallic material, preferably of nickel-tin, copper-tin, nickel-phosphorus or lead. Materials that can be advantageously applied using thermal spraying methods, such as chrome steel, molybdenum, manganese, oxide-ceramic materials or carbides, oxides or other hard materials, are particularly suitable for the top layer (e.g. also so-called cermets). A layer application by welding is also possible in principle (see e.g. DE-OS 40 08 091).
Derartige Doppelschichten haben sich in einer Vielzahl von Versuchen und einschlägigen Prüfungen, z.B. dem Kesternich-Test oder dem Salzsprühtest, als besonders korrosionsschützend und gleichzeitig ausgezeichnet verschleißfest erwiesen. Die insbesondere nach hoher Dichtigkeit gegen Flüssigkeiten und Gasen auszuwählenden Unterschichtsmaterialien sorgen hierbei für den Korrosionsschutz des Substratmaterials, während andererseits die anzuwendenden Oberschichten für die gewünschte Verschleißfestgkeit zu sorgen haben. Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Schichten wird darüber hinaus auch die mechanische Verbindung und Haftung zwischen den beiden Schichten allen Anforderungen gerecht. Weitere positive Eigenschaften einer erfindungsgemäßen Oberflächenschicht bestehen in einer guten Haftung auch im Bereich von Werkstückkanten sowie in einer geringen Oberflächenrauhigkeit.Such double layers have proven to be particularly corrosion-protecting and, at the same time, extremely wear-resistant in a large number of tests and relevant tests, for example the Kesternich test or the salt spray test. The underlayer materials to be selected in particular according to the high level of tightness against liquids and gases ensure the corrosion protection of the substrate material, while on the other hand the top layers to be used have to ensure the desired wear resistance. In the layers according to the invention, the mechanical connection and adhesion between the two layers also meet all requirements. More positive Properties of a surface layer according to the invention consist in good adhesion even in the area of workpiece edges and in a low surface roughness.
Ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen zweilagigen Oberflächenschutzschicht besteht darin, daß sowohl die Unterschicht als auch die Oberschicht mit einem thermischen Spritzverfahren, vorzugsweise dem Flammspritzen oder dem Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, erzeugt wird.A suitable method for producing such a two-layer surface protection layer is that both the lower layer and the upper layer are produced using a thermal spraying method, preferably flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying.
Ein weiteres vorteilhaftes Herstellungsverfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die auf ein Bauteil zunächst aufzubringende Unterschicht durch chemisches oder elektrolytisches Abscheiden aufgebracht wird, während die Oberschicht anschließend wiederum mit einem thermischen Spritzverfahren, vorzugsweise dem Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, erzeugt wird.Another advantageous manufacturing process is characterized in that the lower layer to be initially applied to a component is applied by chemical or electrolytic deposition, while the upper layer is then again produced using a thermal spraying process, preferably high-speed flame spraying.
Die Erzeugung von erfindungsgemäßen Oberflächenschichten wird im folgenden beispielhaft näher erläutert.The generation of surface layers according to the invention is explained in more detail below by way of example.
Das Aufbringen der Unterschicht kann in einer ersten Variante mit Vorteil durch eines der thermischen Spritzverfahren (Flammspritzen, Plasmaspritzen, Lichtbogenspritzen, Detonationsspritzen, Laserspritzen) erfolgen. Hierbei sind die beiden Flammspritzmethoden, nämlich das Flammspritzen und das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen, im Kalkül zwischen Kostenaufwand und anzustrebender Qualität, besonders vorteilhaft. Dabei gelangen - entsprechend den auszubildenden Schichten - die entsprechenden Spritzmaterialien, also z.B. eine Ni-Sn-Legierung oder eine Cu-Sn-Legierung, zur Anwendung. Es ist auch möglich, ein Verbundpulver anzuwenden, d.h. ein Spritzmaterial, in dem die Metalle, die die gewünschte Schicht in Form einer Legierung bilden sollen, elementar enthalten sind. Ebenso ist auch ein Pulvergemisch aus den Komponenten der zu bildenden Legierung anwendbar. Bei den Verbundpulvern und den Pulvergemischen erfolgt die Legierungsbildung entweder beim Spritzvorgang selbst, oder sie kann durch eine geeignete, nachfolgende Wärmebehandlung in einem Ofen oder mit einer Flamme bewirkt werden.In a first variant, the sub-layer can advantageously be applied by one of the thermal spray processes (flame spraying, plasma spraying, arc spraying, detonation spraying, laser spraying). Here, the two flame spraying methods, namely flame spraying and high-speed flame spraying, are particularly advantageous in the calculation between cost and the quality to be aimed for. Depending on the layers to be formed, the appropriate spray materials, for example a Ni-Sn alloy or a Cu-Sn alloy, are used. It is also possible to use a composite powder, ie a spray material in which the metals which are to form the desired layer in the form of an alloy are contained in elementary form. There is also a powder mixture applicable from the components of the alloy to be formed. In the case of the composite powders and the powder mixtures, the alloying either takes place during the spraying process itself, or it can be brought about by a suitable, subsequent heat treatment in an oven or with a flame.
Die weiteren Möglichkeiten zum Aufbringen einer Unterschicht bestehen im elektrolytischen Aufbringen oder chemischen Abscheiden von entsprechenden Materialien auf das jeweilige Bauteil (chemisches Abscheiden heißt: auf ein oberflächenaktiviertes Bauteil wird aus einer Lösung Material niedergeschlagen).The other options for applying an underlayer are electrolytic application or chemical deposition of appropriate materials on the respective component (chemical deposition means: material is deposited on a surface-activated component from a solution).
Dabei kann die Bildung der Unterschicht im Falle von Legierungsmaterialien unmittelbar durch die Abscheidung der jeweiligen Legierung erfolgen, oder es werden die die gewünschte Legierung bildenden Materialien in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schritten und Schichten nacheinander aufgebracht und die Legierung wiederum durch eine thermische Nachbehandlung mit einer Flamme oder in einem Ofen (wie oben!) erzeugt.In the case of alloy materials, the formation of the lower layer can take place directly by the deposition of the respective alloy, or the materials forming the desired alloy are applied in two successive steps and layers and the alloy in turn is subjected to a thermal aftertreatment with a flame or in one Oven (as above!).
Nach dem Aufbringen der Unterschicht nach einer der beschriebenen Methoden erfolgt das Auftragen der verschleißfesten Oberschicht. Diese wird mit Vorteil aus Chromstahl, Molybdän, Mangan, oxidkeramischen Materialien oder Karbide, Oxide oder andere Hartstoffe enthaltende Materialien gebildet, wobei insbesondere auch die aus Metall-Keramik-Verbindungen bestehenden, ebenfalls Hartstoffe enthaltenden Cermets anwendbar sind. Das jeweils am besten geeignete Material kann dabei abhängig vom jeweiligen Anwendungsfall ausgewählt werden. Der Schichtauftrag erfolgt sehr günstig mit einem der bekannten thermischen Spritzverfahren (Flammspritzen,..., Plasmaspritzen, etc. ...), wobei vor allem das Hochgeschwindigkeits-Flammspritzen als vorteilhaft einzustufen ist, da mit diesem Verfahren mit vertretbarem Investitionsaufwand Schichten in gewünschter, hochwertiger Qualität, nämlich insbesondere sehr kompakte und abriebfeste Schichten, herstellbar sind.After applying the lower layer using one of the methods described, the wear-resistant upper layer is applied. This is advantageously formed from chromium steel, molybdenum, manganese, oxide-ceramic materials or carbides, oxides or other materials containing hard materials, wherein in particular the cermets consisting of metal-ceramic compounds and also containing hard materials can also be used. The most suitable material can be selected depending on the respective application. The layer is applied very cheaply using one of the known thermal spray processes (flame spraying, ..., plasma spraying, etc. ...), with high-speed flame spraying being particularly advantageous can be classified, since this process can be used to produce layers in the desired, high quality, especially very compact and abrasion-resistant layers, with reasonable investment outlay.
Weitere geeignete Verschleißschichten sind sogenannte Dispersionsschichten, bei denen die Hartstoffe in eine, aus dem korrosionsbeständigen Unterschichtmaterial bestehende Matrix eingebettet sind. Derartige Schichten lassen sich wiederum durch thermisches Spritzen erzeugen, wobei
- ein Pulvergemisch oder ein agglomeriertes Pulver verwendet wird, dessen Komponenten aus Hartstoff oder Hartlegierung und korrossionsbeständigem Material bestehen, oder
- ein ummanteltes Pulver verwendet wird,bei dem die einzelnen Partikel des Hartstoffs oder der Hartlegierung elektrolytisch mit korrosionsbeständigem Material beschichtet sind.
- a powder mixture or an agglomerated powder is used, the components of which consist of hard material or hard alloy and corrosion-resistant material, or
- a coated powder is used in which the individual particles of the hard material or hard alloy are electrolytically coated with corrosion-resistant material.
Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten, eine erfindungsgemäße Doppelschicht herzustellen, sind in der anhängenden Graphik nochmals gezeigt. Bei der Durchführung der einzelnen Auftragsschritte mit den verschiedenen Methoden wird die jeweilige Methode in der jeweils üblichen Weise mit Abstimmung auf das aufzutragende Material angewendet. Es sind also keine besonderen Verfahrensabwandlungen notwendig, um die erfindungsgemäßen Ober- oder Unterschichten zu erzeugen.The various possibilities for producing a double layer according to the invention are shown again in the attached graphic. When carrying out the individual order steps with the different methods, the respective method is applied in the usual way with coordination to the material to be applied. No special process modifications are therefore necessary to produce the upper or lower layers according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Schutzschichten eignen sich vor allem für Bauteile, die hohen Anforderungen sowohl hinsichtlich Korrosion als auch hinsichtlich Abrieb ausgesetzt sind. Beispielsweise sind dies Teile, die in chemischen Anlagen oder Apparaturen in aggresiver Umgebungen zur Anwendung kommen, oder auch Teile, die in Meerwasser eingesetzt werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Oberflächenschutzschichten besitzen jedenfalls sowohl hinsichtlich Verschleißfestigkeit als auch hinsichtlich Korrosionswiderstand hochwertige Eigenschaften.
Claims (5)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sie eine auf dem jeweiligen Bauteilwerkstoff unmittelbar aufsitzende,dem Korrosionsschutz dienende Unterschicht aufweist und darauf eine, aus einem verschleißfesten Werkstoff bestehende, Oberschicht aufsitzt.Surface protection layer with high wear resistance and at the same time high-quality corrosion protection properties,
characterized,
that it has an undercoat which is directly seated on the respective component material and serves to protect against corrosion and on which there is an upper layer which is made of a wear-resistant material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4217612A DE4217612A1 (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1992-05-27 | Surface protective layer and method for producing the same |
| DE4217612 | 1992-05-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0571796A1 true EP0571796A1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| EP0571796B1 EP0571796B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
Family
ID=6459879
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93107460A Expired - Lifetime EP0571796B1 (en) | 1992-05-27 | 1993-05-07 | Surface protective coating and process for the manufacture thereof |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0571796B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE143064T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4217612A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2092176T3 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708940A1 (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-02-17 | Snecma | Method of hardening metal parts. |
| EP0651071B1 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1997-07-30 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing parts with wear-resistant coatings |
| WO1998048078A1 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1998-10-29 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Aircraft wheel part with corrosion and wear resistance |
| EP0947805A2 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-06 | J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited | An apparatus for determining the position of a movable mechanical element and method of marking a mechanical element |
| CN106756745A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-31 | 和县隆盛精密机械有限公司 | A kind of heat resistant and wear resistant damages polishing mechanical arm coating |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2530975C1 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-10-20 | Фонд поддержки научной, научно-технической и инновационной деятельности "Энергия без границ" (Фонд "Энергия без границ") | Coating for application on driving elements of stop and control valves |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0339153A1 (en) * | 1986-11-05 | 1989-11-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Ceramic-sprayed member and process for making the same |
| DE3829007A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-01 | Multi Arc Gmbh | METHOD FOR PLASMA COATING OBJECTS WITH A HARD MATERIAL |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3604762A1 (en) * | 1985-06-22 | 1987-01-02 | Winfried Heinzel | METHOD FOR COATING HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS WITH AN NON-STICKING LAYER AND HOUSEHOLD OBJECT |
-
1992
- 1992-05-27 DE DE4217612A patent/DE4217612A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-05-07 EP EP93107460A patent/EP0571796B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-07 AT AT93107460T patent/ATE143064T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-07 DE DE59303820T patent/DE59303820D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-07 ES ES93107460T patent/ES2092176T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0339153A1 (en) * | 1986-11-05 | 1989-11-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Ceramic-sprayed member and process for making the same |
| DE3829007A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-01 | Multi Arc Gmbh | METHOD FOR PLASMA COATING OBJECTS WITH A HARD MATERIAL |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, unexamined applications, C Field, Band 11, Nr. 75, 6. MÛrz 1987, THE PATENT OFFICE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT Seite 102 C 408 * |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2708940A1 (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1995-02-17 | Snecma | Method of hardening metal parts. |
| EP0651071B1 (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1997-07-30 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing parts with wear-resistant coatings |
| WO1998048078A1 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1998-10-29 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Aircraft wheel part with corrosion and wear resistance |
| US5931269A (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-08-03 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Aircraft wheel part with corrosion and wear resistance |
| EP0947805A2 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-06 | J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited | An apparatus for determining the position of a movable mechanical element and method of marking a mechanical element |
| EP0947805A3 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-12-01 | J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited | An apparatus for determining the position of a movable mechanical element and method of marking a mechanical element |
| US6452158B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2002-09-17 | J C Bamford Excavators Limited | Apparatus for determining the position of a movable mechanical element and method of marking a mechanical element |
| EP1426737A3 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2004-12-15 | J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited | An apparatus for determining the position of a moveable mechanical element and method of marking a mechanical element |
| CN106756745A (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2017-05-31 | 和县隆盛精密机械有限公司 | A kind of heat resistant and wear resistant damages polishing mechanical arm coating |
| CN106756745B (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2019-01-25 | 和县隆盛精密机械有限公司 | A kind of heat resistant and wear resistant damage polishing mechanical arm coating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE143064T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
| DE59303820D1 (en) | 1996-10-24 |
| EP0571796B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| DE4217612A1 (en) | 1993-12-02 |
| ES2092176T3 (en) | 1996-11-16 |
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