EP0570766B1 - Process for cleaning a closed container - Google Patents

Process for cleaning a closed container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0570766B1
EP0570766B1 EP93107275A EP93107275A EP0570766B1 EP 0570766 B1 EP0570766 B1 EP 0570766B1 EP 93107275 A EP93107275 A EP 93107275A EP 93107275 A EP93107275 A EP 93107275A EP 0570766 B1 EP0570766 B1 EP 0570766B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
cleaning
cleaning solution
steam generator
solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93107275A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0570766A1 (en
Inventor
Margit Adloff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0570766A1 publication Critical patent/EP0570766A1/en
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Publication of EP0570766B1 publication Critical patent/EP0570766B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/483—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers specially adapted for nuclear steam generators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning a closed container, in particular a steam generator, by means of a cleaning solution introduced into or generated in the container, wherein at least a partial volume of the cleaning solution initially remains in the container after a chemical and / or physical action on the container.
  • Such a cleaning process is e.g. known from European Patent Specification 0 273 182.
  • the secondary side of a steam generator is often cleaned, which can be part of a nuclear power plant or a conventional power plant.
  • impurities in the container for example iron oxide, which can adhere to the walls of the container, are detached by the cleaning solution.
  • the cleaning solution is enriched with impurities. Chemicals required for cleaning are also part of the remaining cleaning solution.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for cleaning a closed container with which the necessary effort for the disposal of the remaining solution is reduced with unchanged cleaning performance.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that a pressure in the container which is higher than the external pressure and a temperature which corresponds at least to the boiling point of the cleaning solution at the external pressure are given in that the container is then evaporated for a period of time is opened, and then a residual volume of the cleaning solution reduced by evaporation is removed from the container.
  • the evaporation is therefore not part of the actual cleaning, but is only carried out when the cleaning is essentially complete.
  • the evaporation reduces the remaining volume of the cleaning solution after the actual cleaning.
  • the pressure drop in the container after opening causes a boiling process in the cleaning solution.
  • Water vapor first escapes into the gas space in the container.
  • the steam then leaves the container through the opening. Evaporation reduces the volume of the cleaning solution.
  • the remaining volume has a higher concentration of the chemically or physically dissolved substances. Due to the significantly reduced residual volume, storage space can advantageously be saved without the need for complex chemical disposal processes.
  • the residual volume that is removed from the container can also be subjected to additional processes.
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantage that the cleaning solution remaining after the actual cleaning can be evaporated directly in the container.
  • the solution does not have to be transferred to a separate plant.
  • To evaporate and thus to reduce the volume of the cleaning solution advantageously no energy supply is generally necessary.
  • the residual heat due to the preceding cleaning steps is sufficient for the boiling process and thus the evaporation to start after the container has been opened simply by the drop in pressure and without the addition of heat.
  • the closed container for cleaning is a steam generator
  • at least one valve that is already present can be opened for a period of time, for example, for evaporation.
  • the valve can e.g. a live steam blow-off valve. This has the advantage that the residual volume to be disposed of can be significantly reduced with an existing device.
  • the advantage is achieved in particular that the remaining volume of the cleaning solution to be disposed of is significantly reduced with little effort, in particular without energy supply, directly in the container. This advantageously makes do with a small storage space for the remaining volume and does not require any complex additional equipment for carrying out the method.
  • the drawing shows a steam generator, which is partially filled with cleaning solution.
  • a steam generator 1 is cleaned by a cleaning solution L which is fed in or is generated in the steam generator 1. After cleaning steps known as such, the cleaning solution L remains in the steam generator 1.
  • the solution L then also contains the chemically or physically detached impurities, e.g. Can be metal oxides.
  • the steam generator 1 is filled approximately halfway with the solution L that is no longer required. This solution L must be eliminated.
  • there is a pressure in the steam generator 1 which is higher than the external pressure.
  • the external pressure is the pressure in the vicinity of the steam generator 1.
  • the temperature in the steam generator 1 is equal to or higher than the boiling temperature of the solution L. This is due to the necessities of the previous cleaning steps.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out directly in the steam generator 1. There is no need for complex additional equipment, such as a separate evaporator, into which the solution L would first have to be transferred from the steam generator 1.
  • the method according to the invention therefore provides that a live steam blow-off valve, which is located in a connection 2 on the upper part of the steam generator 1, is opened for a period of time. This results in a pressure relief in the interior of the steam generator 1, which leads to a boiling process in the cleaning solution L without the supply of energy. This boiling process releases water vapor D, which first rises into the gas space 1 a of the steam generator 1 and then leaves the steam generator 1 through the open live steam blow-off valve. This evaporation reduces the volume of solution L. The liquid level of solution L moves from level 3 to level 4.
  • the residual volume R of the solution L remaining after the escape is so small that the required storage space need only be very small, as a result of which the economy of the entire cleaning process is significantly increased. If further treatment of the residual volume R should also be provided, the reduced volume provides increased economy. If such a residual volume R is to be solidified, one does not only get by with a small storage space, but also with little solidifying material.
  • the method according to the invention is simple to carry out and increases the economy of cleaning methods for closed containers, in particular for steam generators 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen eines geschlossenen Behälters, insbesondere eines Dampferzeugers, durch eine in den Behälter eingebrachte oder in ihm erzeugte Reinigungslösung, wobei zumindest ein Teilvolumen der Reinigungslösung nach einer chemischen und/oder physikalischen Einwirkung auf den Behälter zunächst im Behälter verbleibt.The invention relates to a method for cleaning a closed container, in particular a steam generator, by means of a cleaning solution introduced into or generated in the container, wherein at least a partial volume of the cleaning solution initially remains in the container after a chemical and / or physical action on the container.

Ein derartiges Reinigungsverfahren ist z.B. aus der Europäischen Patentschrift 0 273 182 bekannt. Mit einem solchen Verfahren wird häufig die Sekundärseite eines Dampferzeugers gereinigt, der Bestandteil eines Kernkraftwerkes oder auch eines konventionellen Kraftwerkes sein kann. Im Hauptschritt des Reinigungsverfahrens werden im Behälter befindliche Verunreinigungen, beispielsweise Eisenoxid, die an Wänden des Behälters haften können, durch die Reinigungslösung abgelöst. Die Reinigungslösung ist nach dem Hauptschritt des Verfahrens mit Verunreinigungen angereichert. Darüber hinaus sind für die Reinigung erforderliche Chemikalien Bestandteil der verbleibenden Reinigungslösung.Such a cleaning process is e.g. known from European Patent Specification 0 273 182. With such a method, the secondary side of a steam generator is often cleaned, which can be part of a nuclear power plant or a conventional power plant. In the main step of the cleaning process, impurities in the container, for example iron oxide, which can adhere to the walls of the container, are detached by the cleaning solution. After the main step of the process, the cleaning solution is enriched with impurities. Chemicals required for cleaning are also part of the remaining cleaning solution.

Es ist daher in der Regel erforderlich, daß die verbleibende gebrauchte Reinigungslösung als Sekundärabfall entsorgt wird. Sie muß entweder sicher gelagert werden oder mit einem besonderen Verfahren unschädlich gemacht werden.It is therefore usually necessary for the remaining used cleaning solution to be disposed of as secondary waste. It must either be stored safely or made harmless using a special procedure.

Es sind folglich entweder aufwendige Lagerbehälter zur Verfügung zu stellen, und/oder es müssen zusätzliche aufwendige Entsorgungsverfahren durchgeführt werden, die besondere Einrichtungen notwendig machen.Consequently, either complex storage containers are to be made available and / or additional complex disposal processes have to be carried out which make special facilities necessary.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Reinigen eines geschlossenen Behälters anzugeben, mit dem bei unveränderter Reinigungsleistung der notwendige Aufwand für die Entsorgung der verbleibenden Lösung verkleinert wird.The invention has for its object to provide a method for cleaning a closed container with which the necessary effort for the disposal of the remaining solution is reduced with unchanged cleaning performance.

Die Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß im Behälter ein Druck, der höher als der äußere Druck ist, und eine Temperatur, die mindestens der Siedetemperatur der Reinigungslösung beim äußeren Druck entspricht, gegeben sind, daß der Behälter dann für eine Zeitspanne zum Abdampfen geöffnet wird, und daß dann ein durch Eindampfen verkleinertes Restvolumen der Reinigungslösung aus dem Behälter entfernt wird.The object is achieved according to the invention in that a pressure in the container which is higher than the external pressure and a temperature which corresponds at least to the boiling point of the cleaning solution at the external pressure are given in that the container is then evaporated for a period of time is opened, and then a residual volume of the cleaning solution reduced by evaporation is removed from the container.

Das Abdampfen ist also nicht ein Bestandteil der eigentlichen Reinigung, sondern wird erst vorgenommen, wenn die Reinigung im wesentlichen abgeschlossen ist. Das Abdampfen verkleinert das Restvolumen der Reinigungslösung nach der eigentlichen Reinigung.The evaporation is therefore not part of the actual cleaning, but is only carried out when the cleaning is essentially complete. The evaporation reduces the remaining volume of the cleaning solution after the actual cleaning.

Unter der Bedingung, daß die Temperatur im Behälter gleich oder größer als die Siedetemperatur der Reinigungslösung beim äußeren Druck ist, wird durch den Druckabfall im Behälter nach dem Öffnen dort ein Siedevorgang in der Reinigungslösung ausgelöst. Dabei tritt Wasserdampf zunächst in den Gasraum im Behälter aus. Der Dampf verläßt dann den Behälter durch die Öffnung. Durch das Abdampfen verringert sich das Volumen der Reinigungslösung. Das verbleibende Restvolumen hat eine höhere Konzentration der chemisch oder physikalisch gelösten Stoffe. Bedingt durch das deutlich verkleinerte Restvolumen kann vorteilhafterweise Lagerraum eingespart werden, ohne daß aufwendige chemische Entsorgungsverfahren eingesetzt werden müßten. Das Restvolumen, das aus dem Behälter entfernt wird, kann aber auch zusätzlichen Verfahren unterzogen werden.Under the condition that the temperature in the container is equal to or higher than the boiling temperature of the cleaning solution at the external pressure, the pressure drop in the container after opening causes a boiling process in the cleaning solution. Water vapor first escapes into the gas space in the container. The steam then leaves the container through the opening. Evaporation reduces the volume of the cleaning solution. The remaining volume has a higher concentration of the chemically or physically dissolved substances. Due to the significantly reduced residual volume, storage space can advantageously be saved without the need for complex chemical disposal processes. The residual volume that is removed from the container can also be subjected to additional processes.

Mit dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird auch der Vorteil erzielt, daß die nach der eigentlichen Reinigung verbleibende Reinigungslösung unmittelbar im Behälter eingedampft werden kann. Die Lösung muß nicht in eine separate Anlage überführt werden. Zum Abdampfen und damit zum Verkleinern des Volumens der Reinigungslösung ist vorteilhafterweise in der Regel keine Energiezufuhr notwendig. Die Restwärme aufgrund der vorangegangenen Reinigungsschritte reicht dazu aus, daß nach dem Öffnen des Behälters allein durch den Druckabfall und ohne Wärmezufuhr der Siedevorgang und damit das Abdampfen einsetzen.The method according to the invention also has the advantage that the cleaning solution remaining after the actual cleaning can be evaporated directly in the container. The solution does not have to be transferred to a separate plant. To evaporate and thus to reduce the volume of the cleaning solution, advantageously no energy supply is generally necessary. The residual heat due to the preceding cleaning steps is sufficient for the boiling process and thus the evaporation to start after the container has been opened simply by the drop in pressure and without the addition of heat.

Sofern es sich bei dem zum reinigenden geschlossenen Behälter um einen Dampferzeuger handelt, kann beispielsweise zum Abdampfen mindestens ein ohnehin vorhandenes Ventil für eine Zeitspanne geöffnet werden. Das Ventil kann z.B. ein Frischdampfabblaseventil sein. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß mit einer vorhandenen Einrichtung das zu entsorgende Restvolumen deutlich verkleinert werden kann.If the closed container for cleaning is a steam generator, at least one valve that is already present can be opened for a period of time, for example, for evaporation. The valve can e.g. a live steam blow-off valve. This has the advantage that the residual volume to be disposed of can be significantly reduced with an existing device.

Mit dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird insbesondere der Vorteil erzielt, daß mit geringem Aufwand, insbesondere ohne Energiezufuhr, direkt im Behälter, das zu entsorgende Restvolumen der Reinigungslösung deutlich verkleinert wird. Damit kommt man vorteilhafterweise mit einem kleinen Lagerraum für das Restvolumen aus und benötigt keine aufwendigen zusätzlichen Einrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.With the method according to the invention, the advantage is achieved in particular that the remaining volume of the cleaning solution to be disposed of is significantly reduced with little effort, in particular without energy supply, directly in the container. This advantageously makes do with a small storage space for the remaining volume and does not require any complex additional equipment for carrying out the method.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert:The method according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing:

Die Zeichnung zeigt einen Dampferzeuger, der teilweise mit Reinigungslösung gefüllt ist.The drawing shows a steam generator, which is partially filled with cleaning solution.

Die Reinigung eines Dampferzeugers 1 erfolgt durch eine Reinigungslösung L, die eingespeist wird oder im Dampferzeuger 1 erzeugt wird. Nach als solchen bekannten Reinigungsschritten verbleibt die Reinigungslösung L im Dampferzeuger 1. Die Lösung L enthält dann auch die chemisch oder physikalisch abgelösten Verunreinigungen, die z.B. Metalloxide sein können. Nach den Hauptreinigungsschritten ist der Dampferzeuger 1 ungefähr zur Hälfte mit der nicht mehr benötigten Lösung L gefüllt. Diese Lösung L muß beseitigt werden. Im Dampferzeuger 1 herrscht zu diesem Zeitpunkt ein Druck, der höher ist als der äußere Druck. Der äußere Druck ist der Druck in der Umgebung des Dampferzeugers 1. Außerdem ist die Temperatur im Dampferzeuger 1 gleich oder größer als die Siedetemperatur der Lösung L. Das ist auf die Notwendigkeiten der vorangegangenen Reinigungsschritte zurückzuführen.A steam generator 1 is cleaned by a cleaning solution L which is fed in or is generated in the steam generator 1. After cleaning steps known as such, the cleaning solution L remains in the steam generator 1. The solution L then also contains the chemically or physically detached impurities, e.g. Can be metal oxides. After the main cleaning steps, the steam generator 1 is filled approximately halfway with the solution L that is no longer required. This solution L must be eliminated. At this time, there is a pressure in the steam generator 1 which is higher than the external pressure. The external pressure is the pressure in the vicinity of the steam generator 1. In addition, the temperature in the steam generator 1 is equal to or higher than the boiling temperature of the solution L. This is due to the necessities of the previous cleaning steps.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung kann direkt im Dampferzeuger 1 durchgeführt werden. Es sind keine aufwendigen zusätzlichen Einrichtungen, wie ein separater Verdampfer, notwendig, in den die Lösung L erst aus dem Dampferzeuger 1 umgefüllt werden müßte. Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung sieht daher vor, daß ein Frischdampfabblaseventil, das sich in einem Anschluß 2 am oberen Teil des Dampferzeugers 1 befindet, für eine Zeitspanne geöffnet wird. Daraus ergibt sich eine Druckentlastung im Inneren des Dampferzeugers 1, was ohne Energiezufuhr zu einem Siedevorgang in der Reinigungslösung L führt. Durch diesen Siedevorgang wird Wasserdampf D freigesetzt, der zunächst in den Gasraum 1a des Dampferzeugers 1 aufsteigt und dann den Dampferzeuger 1 durch das offene Frischdampfabblaseventil verläßt. Durch dieses Abdampfen verringert sich das Volumen der Lösung L. Der Flüssigkeitsstand der Lösung L bewegt sich vom Füllstand 3 zum Füllstand 4.The method according to the invention can be carried out directly in the steam generator 1. There is no need for complex additional equipment, such as a separate evaporator, into which the solution L would first have to be transferred from the steam generator 1. The method according to the invention therefore provides that a live steam blow-off valve, which is located in a connection 2 on the upper part of the steam generator 1, is opened for a period of time. This results in a pressure relief in the interior of the steam generator 1, which leads to a boiling process in the cleaning solution L without the supply of energy. This boiling process releases water vapor D, which first rises into the gas space 1 a of the steam generator 1 and then leaves the steam generator 1 through the open live steam blow-off valve. This evaporation reduces the volume of solution L. The liquid level of solution L moves from level 3 to level 4.

Das nach dem Entweichen verbleibende Restvolumen R der Lösung L ist so klein, daß ein erforderlicher Lagerraum nur sehr klein zu sein braucht, wodurch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des gesamten Reinigungsverfahrens deutlich erhöht wird.
Auch, falls eine Weiterbehandlung des Restvolumens R vorgesehen sein sollte, ist durch das verringerte Volumen eine erhöhte Wirtschaftlichkeit gegeben.
Sofern ein solches Restvolumen R verfestigt werden soll, kommt man nicht nur mit einem kleinen Lagerraum, sondern darüber hinaus auch mit wenig Verfestigungsmaterial aus.The residual volume R of the solution L remaining after the escape is so small that the required storage space need only be very small, as a result of which the economy of the entire cleaning process is significantly increased.
If further treatment of the residual volume R should also be provided, the reduced volume provides increased economy.
If such a residual volume R is to be solidified, one does not only get by with a small storage space, but also with little solidifying material.

Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung ist einfach durchführbar und erhöht die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Reinigungsverfahren für geschlossene Behälter, insbesondere für Dampferzeuger 1.The method according to the invention is simple to carry out and increases the economy of cleaning methods for closed containers, in particular for steam generators 1.

Claims (2)

  1. Method for cleaning a closed container (1), in particular a steam generator (1), by means of a cleaning solution (L) placed in the container (1) or produced therein, wherein at least a partial volume of the cleaning solution (L) remains for the moment in the container (1) after a chemical and/or physical effect on the container (1), characterised in that a pressure which is greater than the external pressure, and a temperature which corresponds at least to the boiling temperature of the cleaning solution (L) at the external pressure, are provided in the container (1), in that the container (1) is then opened for a time for evaporation, and in that a residual volume (R) of cleaning solution (L), which is reduced by evaporation, is then removed from the container (1).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that, on a steam generator (1), for evaporation, at least one fresh steam blow-off valve is opened for a time.
EP93107275A 1992-05-18 1993-05-05 Process for cleaning a closed container Expired - Lifetime EP0570766B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4216383 1992-05-18
DE4216383A DE4216383A1 (en) 1992-05-18 1992-05-18 Process for cleaning a closed container

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0570766A1 EP0570766A1 (en) 1993-11-24
EP0570766B1 true EP0570766B1 (en) 1995-12-20

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EP (1) EP0570766B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2857022B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4216383A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2081655T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19545035A1 (en) * 1995-12-02 1997-06-05 Asea Brown Boveri Process for cleaning units of a power plant

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE635216A (en) * 1962-07-23
US3873362A (en) * 1973-05-29 1975-03-25 Halliburton Co Process for cleaning radioactively contaminated metal surfaces
DD110101A1 (en) * 1973-09-27 1974-12-05
US4610728A (en) * 1982-10-19 1986-09-09 Ram Natesh Method and composition for dissolving deposits of magnetite
US4632705A (en) * 1984-03-20 1986-12-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Process for the accelerated cleaning of the restricted areas of the secondary side of a steam generator
US4597803A (en) * 1984-04-20 1986-07-01 Occidental Chemical Corporation Process for cleaning vessels containing sulfur dichloride
US4545822A (en) * 1984-04-20 1985-10-08 Occidental Chemical Corporation Process for cleaning vessels containing sulfur dichloride
HU193209B (en) * 1984-05-21 1987-08-28 Magyar Asvanyolaj Es Foeldgaz Method for increasing the concentratability of nuclear power station radioactive waste solutions
US4828759A (en) * 1985-05-28 1989-05-09 Jozef Hanulik Process for decontaminating radioactivity contaminated metallic materials
ES2023397B3 (en) * 1986-12-01 1992-01-16 Siemens Ag PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING A CONTAINER.
FI78405C (en) * 1987-05-22 1989-08-10 Haka Oy FOERFARANDE OCH ANLAEGGNING FOER TVAETTNING AV TRANSPORTBEHAOLLARE SAMT FOER BEHANDLING OCH CIRKULERING AV VAETSKOR ANVAENDA VID TVAETTNINGEN.

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Publication number Publication date
EP0570766A1 (en) 1993-11-24
ES2081655T3 (en) 1996-03-16
JPH0674412A (en) 1994-03-15
JP2857022B2 (en) 1999-02-10
DE4216383A1 (en) 1993-11-25
DE59301192D1 (en) 1996-02-01

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