EP0569669B1 - Double acting electromagnetic linear motor - Google Patents

Double acting electromagnetic linear motor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0569669B1
EP0569669B1 EP93102606A EP93102606A EP0569669B1 EP 0569669 B1 EP0569669 B1 EP 0569669B1 EP 93102606 A EP93102606 A EP 93102606A EP 93102606 A EP93102606 A EP 93102606A EP 0569669 B1 EP0569669 B1 EP 0569669B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
tube
linear motor
motor according
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93102606A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0569669A1 (en
Inventor
Hermann Sanzenbacher
Roland Schempp
Berthold Dipl.-Ing. Pfuhl (Fh)
Volkmar Dipl.-Ing. Leutner
Friedhelm Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Zehner
Frank Dipl.-Ing. Simon
Dipl.-Ing. Zumbraegel
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1684—Armature position measurement using coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a double-acting electromagnetic linear motor according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an electromagnetic linear motor is already known from the magazine O + P ( ⁇ lhydraulik und Pneumatik) 34 (1990), pages 754 to 761, a linear motor designed in a wet design being used for a directly actuated servo valve.
  • Such linear motors have a high energy density and high dynamics in a relatively small installation space, the armature being able to generate strokes and forces on both sides from a neutral central position.
  • two axially magnetized permanent magnets are arranged in the linear motor within an electrical coil, which are polarized so that their magnetic flow directions in the working air gaps are opposite.
  • DE-A-3 323 982 discloses an electromagnetic actuating device for a 2-way seat valve, in which two electrical coils are arranged radially outside an armature and separate a tubular body from the armature.
  • Two axially magnetized and oppositely polarized permanent magnets are installed in the coil arrangement, each permanent magnet being covered on the inside by a magnetically conductive socket section, which are kept apart by a non-magnetic, sleeve-shaped central part and form the tubular body. With its bushing sections, this body borders on associated pole shoes, which form axial air gaps with the armature.
  • the armature By alternately energizing one of the two coils, the armature can optionally be brought into two end positions and held there by a permanent magnet when the coils are switched off, so that a bistable function results. A deflection from a central position in opposite directions to that of a linear motor is not possible here.
  • the double-acting electromagnetic linear motor according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it enables a simpler and less expensive design while maintaining a high power density and high dynamics.
  • This configuration of the sleeve-shaped pressure tube means that the linear motor can not only have a small size, but it can also be achieved with simple magnetic pole shapes in connection with different armature-pole nose covers a favorable course of the force-displacement characteristics.
  • the advantage here is that the magnetic flux is guided essentially over radial air gaps.
  • a high dynamic of the linear motor is also favored by the most uniform possible cross-sections for the magnetic flux, so that parasitic eddy currents are suppressed by a magnetic circuit with reduced cross-section and by axial slots in individual magnetic components.
  • a displacement measuring system can also be arranged in a space-saving manner, components which already exist can advantageously be used.
  • the highly dynamic linear motor can be manufactured relatively simply, inexpensively and compactly.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a double-acting, electromagnetic linear motor
  • FIG. 2 shows the course of the magnetic flux lines in the linear motor according to FIG. 1 with the coil de-energized and in a simplified representation
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of the flux lines with the coil energized.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a double-acting electromagnetic linear motor 10, which consists essentially of a polarized proportional magnet 11 and a displacement measuring system 12, which are arranged in a common housing 13 made of magnetically conductive material.
  • the housing 13 has a valve-side, first end face 14, on which a proportional valve, not shown, can be attached in a manner known per se.
  • a continuous hollow bore 15 extends in the housing 13 in the longitudinal direction from the valve-side end face 14 to an opposite, valve-facing, second end face 16.
  • This hollow bore 15 is offset several times and forms a first section 17 with a larger diameter, which is open towards the valve-side end face 14 and which, among other things, a coil 18 of the proportional magnet 11 receives.
  • the first section 17 is followed by a second section 19 with a smaller diameter in the hollow bore, in which a pressure pipe 21 of the linear motor 10 is guided and supported.
  • the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 merges into a third section 22 with a larger diameter, which is open to the second end face 16.
  • the pressure tube 21 inserted into the offset hollow bore 15 consists of several individual parts which are put together, soldered to one another and then machined so that the pressure tube 21 results in a one-piece component after it has been machined.
  • the one-piece pressure tube 21 essentially consists of a multi-section anchor tube 23 and a one-section pick-up tube 24 with a smaller diameter that is firmly connected to it.
  • two sleeve-shaped intermediate pieces 27, 28 are arranged between an outside pressure tube piece 25 and an inner pressure tube part 26, between which there is a hollow cylindrical middle piece 29.
  • the pressure pipe piece 25 can therefore work in its hollow cylindrical region as a pole shoe 31, while the pressure tube part 26 forms a corresponding pole shoe 32 which cooperate with an armature 33 arranged in the armature tube 23.
  • the pressure pipe section 25 has an outwardly projecting ring flange 34 with which the pressure pipe 21 is guided in the first section 17 of the hollow bore 15, while on the other hand the pressure pipe part 26 is guided on its outer circumference in the region of the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15.
  • two annular permanent magnets 35, 36 are installed in the annular space between the coil 18 and the armature tube 23, which are axially magnetized and consist of rare earths in order to achieve a large lifting energy.
  • the permanent magnets 35, 36 are designed and arranged such that the north poles of the same name lie opposite one another and receive an annular pole piece 37 made of magnetic material between them.
  • the axial length of the two permanent magnets 35, 36 and the interposed pole piece 37 is selected so that it corresponds to the length of the electrical coil 18.
  • the axial length of the pole piece 37 is as large as that of the middle piece 29 in the pressure tube 21.
  • the axial length of the two intermediate pieces 27, 28 and the middle piece 29 is advantageously chosen to be approximately the length of the armature 33 corresponds.
  • the armature 33 is mounted twice with the aid of its lifting rod 38.
  • the part of the lifting rod 38 projecting outward through the pressure tube piece 25 forms a first bearing point 39 in a magnetic core 41 which is inserted into the pressure tube piece 25 from the first end face 14.
  • An opposite end 42 of the lifting rod 38 is guided in a second bearing 43 which is formed in the pressure tube part 26.
  • a fastening point 44 is formed in the pressure tube part 26, in which the cup-shaped pickup tube 24 is tightly fastened in the anchor tube 23 with its open end, on which a thickened outer collar is arranged.
  • the pickup tube 24, which consists of magnetically non-conductive material, is generally brazed in the fastening point 44.
  • the attachment point 44 lies in the same radial plane as the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 and thus in the region of the pressure tube part 26 serving as a pole shoe 32. Since the housing wall 45 assigned to the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 is relatively thin, the measuring system 12 arranged in the third section 22 is relatively close be built on the permanent magnet 36 or the coil 18, so that there is a particularly short construction in the axial direction.
  • the displacement measuring system 12 has a coil body 47 which carries the measuring coils 46 and which is arranged on the pickup tube 24 so as to be axially displaceable.
  • the coil body 47 is surrounded on all sides by an iron-metallic sheathing 48, from which the connecting cables 49 are only led upwards.
  • Disc springs 51 are arranged between the casing 48 and the pressure tube part 26, so that the coil body 41 together with its casing 48 can be axially adjusted with the aid of a self-locking nut 52.
  • an anti-rotation device 53 is arranged on the outside of the casing 48.
  • the third section 22 of the hollow bore 15 is closed to the outside by an end cap 54.
  • a ferrite core 55 is arranged in the interior of the pick-up tube 24 as part of the displacement measuring system 12, which is non-positively fixed with the aid of a compression spring 56 on a core carrier 57, which in turn is fastened in the end 42 of the lifting rod 38, its axial fixing using a caulking 58 is easy to carry out.
  • the linear motor 10 which is designed as a polarized proportional magnet, draws its lifting energy from the two axially magnetized permanent magnets 35, 36 installed with opposite poles and from a coil 18 which determines the direction of action of the force depending on the direction of the current.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified representation of the course of the magnetic flux lines in the linear motor 10 according to FIG. 1 when its coil 18 is not energized.
  • the lines of magnetic flux are formed symmetrically over the two permanent magnets 35, 36 in the deenergized state in such a way that they emerge in the north, using the pole piece 37 and the magnetically conductive middle piece 29 radially are introduced into the armature 33 and there run parallel to the non-magnetic, soldered intermediate pieces 27 and 28, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows in more detail, when the coil 18 is energized, its field overlaps the permanent magnetic field and thus leads to a field weakening or field extinction in the air gap 61 within the one permanent magnet 36, while a field strengthening in the air gap within the opposite, first permanent magnet 35 59 arises with a corresponding force effect on the armature 33.
  • the magnetic fields in the working air gaps 59, 61 can be strengthened or weakened in this way and magnetic forces can thus be achieved axially in two effective directions.
  • the linear motor 10 can achieve high dynamics in this way with a relatively small size and low current and power consumption as well as a high maximum force level.
  • the short design is also supported by the flat disc springs 51.
  • Another advantage of the compact design is the non-positive fixation of the ferrite core 55, so that the position measuring system 12 can be installed and adjusted correctly.
  • the pressure tube 21 can thus be used to achieve a short design in the axial direction even with a wet design.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem doppelt wirkenden elektromagnetischen Linearmotor nach der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 näher angegebenen Gattung.The invention is based on a double-acting electromagnetic linear motor according to the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Es ist schon ein solcher elektromagnetischer Linearmotor aus der Zeitschrift O + P (Ölhydraulik und Pneumatik) 34 (1990), Seiten 754 bis 761 bekannt, wobei ein in nasser Bauweise ausgeführter Linearmotor für ein direkt betätigtes Servoventil verwendet wird. Solche Linearmotoren weisen bei einem relativ kleinen Bauraum eine hohe Energiedichte und eine hohe Dynamik auf, wobei der Anker aus einer neutralen Mittelstellung heraus nach beiden Seiten hin Hübe und Kräfte erzeugen kann. Zu diesem Zweck sind bei dem linearen Motor innerhalb einer elektrischen Spule zwei axial magnetisierte Permanentmagneten angeordnet, welche so gepolt sind, daß ihre magnetischen Flußrichtungen in den Arbeitsluftspalten entgegengesetzt sind. Bei diesem Linearmotor in nasser Bauweise ist nun von Nachteil, daß der die Spule von einem druckmittelgefüllten Ankerraum trennende, rohrförmige Körper einen relativ großen Durchmesser aufweist, da die Permanentmagneten innerhalb dieses rohrförmigen Körpers angeordnet sind. Infolge dieser Bauweise des Rohrkörpers eignet sich der Linearmotor nur für niedrige Drücke. Ferner verwendet dieser Linearmotor relativ aufwendig bauende Formteile zur Bildung von Polschuhen, die mit den Stirnseiten des kolbenförmigen Ankers im wesentlichen über axial verlaufende Arbeitsluftspalte zusammenarbeiten. Solche axialen Luftspalte haben aber den Nachteil, daß sie eine Abstimmung der Kennlinien des Linearmotors erschweren. Ferner ist der relativ aufwendig bauende Linearmotor nicht zum unmittelbaren Anbau eines Wegmeßsystems geeignet, das hier unmittelbar am Servoventil angeflanscht werden muß. Dieser Linearmotor führt deshalb zu einer relativ aufwendigen, großen und kostspieligen Bauweise.Such an electromagnetic linear motor is already known from the magazine O + P (Ölhydraulik und Pneumatik) 34 (1990), pages 754 to 761, a linear motor designed in a wet design being used for a directly actuated servo valve. Such linear motors have a high energy density and high dynamics in a relatively small installation space, the armature being able to generate strokes and forces on both sides from a neutral central position. For this purpose, two axially magnetized permanent magnets are arranged in the linear motor within an electrical coil, which are polarized so that their magnetic flow directions in the working air gaps are opposite. With this linear motor in wet construction it is disadvantageous that the tubular body separating the coil from a pressure medium-filled armature space has a relatively large diameter, since the permanent magnets are arranged within this tubular body. As a result of this construction of the tubular body, the linear motor is suitable only for low pressures. Furthermore, this linear motor uses relatively complex structural parts to form pole pieces, which cooperate with the end faces of the piston-shaped armature essentially via axially extending working air gaps. However, such axial air gaps have the disadvantage that they make it difficult to match the characteristics of the linear motor. Furthermore, the relatively expensive linear motor is not suitable for the direct mounting of a position measuring system, which must be flanged directly to the servo valve here. This linear motor therefore leads to a relatively complex, large and expensive construction.

Ferner ist aus der DE-A-3 323 982 eine elektromagnetische Betätigungseinrichtung für ein 2-Wege-Sitzventil bekannt, bei der radial außerhalb eines Ankers zwei konzentrisch übereinander liegende, elektrische Spulen angeordnet sind, die ein rohrförmiger Körper von dem Anker trennt. Zwei axial magnetisierte und entgegengesetzt gepolte Permanentmagnete sind in der Spulenanordnung eingebaut, wobei jeder Permanentmagnet an seiner Innenseite durch einen magnetisch leitenden Buchsenabschnitt abgedeckt ist, die durch einen nicht magnetischen, hülsenförmigen Mittelteil im Abstand voneinander gehalten werden und den rohrförmigen Körper bilden. Dieser Körper grenzt mit seinen Buchsenabschnitten an zugeordnete Polschuhe, die mit dem Anker axiale Luftspalte bilden. Durch abwechselnde Erregung einer der beiden Spulen kann der Anker wahlweise in zwei Endstellungen gebracht werden und dort bei abgeschalteten Spulen jeweils von einem Permanentmagnet gehalten werden, so daß sich eine bistabile Funktion ergibt. Eine Auslenkung aus einer Mittelstellung nach entgegengesetzten Richtungen wie bei einem Linearmotor ist hier nicht möglich.Furthermore, DE-A-3 323 982 discloses an electromagnetic actuating device for a 2-way seat valve, in which two electrical coils are arranged radially outside an armature and separate a tubular body from the armature. Two axially magnetized and oppositely polarized permanent magnets are installed in the coil arrangement, each permanent magnet being covered on the inside by a magnetically conductive socket section, which are kept apart by a non-magnetic, sleeve-shaped central part and form the tubular body. With its bushing sections, this body borders on associated pole shoes, which form axial air gaps with the armature. By alternately energizing one of the two coils, the armature can optionally be brought into two end positions and held there by a permanent magnet when the coils are switched off, so that a bistable function results. A deflection from a central position in opposite directions to that of a linear motor is not possible here.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße doppelt wirkende elektromagnetische Linearmotor mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß er unter Beibehaltung einer hohen Leistungsdichte und einer hohen Dynamik eine einfachere und kostengünstigere Bauweise ermöglicht. So kann durch diese Ausbildung des hülsenförmigen Druckrohres der Linearmotor nicht nur eine kleine Baugröße aufweisen, sondern es läßt sich auch mit einfachen Magnetpolformen in Verbindung mit unterschiedlichen Anker-Polnasenüberdeckungen ein günstiger Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Kennlinien erzielen. Dabei ist von Vorteil, daß der Magnetfluß im wesentlichen über radiale Luftspalte geführt wird. Eine hohe Dynamik des Linearmotors wird auch durch möglichst gleichmäßige Querschnitte für den Magnetfluß begünstigt, so daß parasitäre Wirbelströme durch einen querschnittsreduzierten Magnetkreis und durch axiale Schlitze in einzelnen Magnetbauteilen unterdrückt werden. Durch die Ausbildung des Druckrohrs lässt sich in platzsparender Weise auch ein Wegmeßsystem anordnen, wobei in vorteilhafter Weise bereits vorhandene Bauelemente verwendbar sind.The double-acting electromagnetic linear motor according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that it enables a simpler and less expensive design while maintaining a high power density and high dynamics. This configuration of the sleeve-shaped pressure tube means that the linear motor can not only have a small size, but it can also be achieved with simple magnetic pole shapes in connection with different armature-pole nose covers a favorable course of the force-displacement characteristics. The advantage here is that the magnetic flux is guided essentially over radial air gaps. A high dynamic of the linear motor is also favored by the most uniform possible cross-sections for the magnetic flux, so that parasitic eddy currents are suppressed by a magnetic circuit with reduced cross-section and by axial slots in individual magnetic components. By designing the pressure tube, a displacement measuring system can also be arranged in a space-saving manner, components which already exist can advantageously be used.

Der hochdynamische Linearmotor kann relativ einfach, kostengünstig und kompakt hergestellt werden.The highly dynamic linear motor can be manufactured relatively simply, inexpensively and compactly.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Linearmotors möglich. Sie unterstützen vor allem eine einfache und kompakte Bauweise und begünstigen eine bessere Abstimmung der Kennlinien.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the linear motor specified in claim 1 are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. Above all, they support a simple and compact design and promote better coordination of the characteristic curves.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen doppelt wirkenden, elektromagnetischen Linearmotor, Figur 2 den Verlauf der magnetischen Flußlinien im Linearmotor nach Figur 1 bei unbestromter Spule und in vereinfachter Darstellung und in Figur 3 den Verlauf der Flußlinien bei bestromter Spule.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a double-acting, electromagnetic linear motor, FIG. 2 shows the course of the magnetic flux lines in the linear motor according to FIG. 1 with the coil de-energized and in a simplified representation, and FIG. 3 shows the course of the flux lines with the coil energized.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen doppelt wirkenden elektromagnetischen Linearmotor 10, der im wesentlichen aus einem polarisierten Proportionalmagneten 11 und einem Wegmeßsystem 12 besteht, die in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse 13 aus magnetisch leitendem Material angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse 13 weist eine ventilseitige, erste Stirnfläche 14 auf, an der in an sich bekannter Weise ein nicht näher gezeichnetes Proportionalventil angebaut werden kann.1 shows a longitudinal section through a double-acting electromagnetic linear motor 10, which consists essentially of a polarized proportional magnet 11 and a displacement measuring system 12, which are arranged in a common housing 13 made of magnetically conductive material. The housing 13 has a valve-side, first end face 14, on which a proportional valve, not shown, can be attached in a manner known per se.

Im Gehäuse 13 verläuft in Längsrichtung von der ventilseitigen Stirnfläche 14 aus eine durchgehende Hohlbohrung 15 zu einer entgegengesetzt liegenden, ventilabgewandten, zweiten Stirnfläche 16.A continuous hollow bore 15 extends in the housing 13 in the longitudinal direction from the valve-side end face 14 to an opposite, valve-facing, second end face 16.

Diese Hohlbohrung 15 ist mehrfach abgesetzt und bildet einen zur ventilseitigen Stirnfläche 14 hin offenen, ersten Abschnitt 17 mit größerem Durchmesser, welcher u.a. eine Spule 18 des Proportionalmagneten 11 aufnimmt. An den ersten Abschnitt 17 schließt sich in der Hohlbohrung ein zweiter Abschnitt 19 mit kleinerem Durchmesser an, in dem ein Druckrohr 21 des Linearmotors 10 geführt und gelagert ist. Der zweite Abschnitt 19 der Hohlbohrung 15 geht in einen dritten Abschnitt 22 mit größerem Durchmesser über, der zur zweiten Stirnfläche 16 hin offen ist.This hollow bore 15 is offset several times and forms a first section 17 with a larger diameter, which is open towards the valve-side end face 14 and which, among other things, a coil 18 of the proportional magnet 11 receives. The first section 17 is followed by a second section 19 with a smaller diameter in the hollow bore, in which a pressure pipe 21 of the linear motor 10 is guided and supported. The second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 merges into a third section 22 with a larger diameter, which is open to the second end face 16.

Das in die abgesetzte Hohlbohrung 15 eingeführte Druckrohr 21 besteht aus mehreren Einzelteilen, die so zusammengesteckt, miteinander verlötet und anschließend bearbeitet sind, daß das Druckrohr 21 nach seiner Bearbeitung ein einstückiges Bauelement ergibt. Das einstückige Druckrohr 21 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem mehrgliedrigen Ankerrohr 23 und einem damit fest verbundenen, eingliedrigen Aufnehmerrohr 24 mit kleinerem Durchmesser. Bei dem Ankerrohr 23 mit gegenüber dem Aufnehmerrohr 24 größeren Durchmesser sind zwischen einem außen liegenden Druckrohrstück 25 und einem innenliegenden Druckrohrteil 26 zwei hülsenförmige Zwischenstücke 27, 28 angeordnet, zwischen denen ein hohlzylindrisches Mittelstück 29 liegt. Während die beiden Zwischenstücke 27, 28 aus magnetisch nicht leitendem Material bestehen, sind das Druckrohrstück 25, das Druckrohrteil 26 sowie das Mittelstück 29 aus magnetisch leitendem Material hergestellt. Das Druckrohrstück 25 kann daher in seinem hohlzylindrischen Bereich als Polschuh 31 arbeiten, während das Druckrohrteil 26 einen entsprechenden Polschuh 32 bildet, die mit einem im Ankerrohr 23 angeordneten Anker 33 zusammenarbeiten. Das Druckrohrstück 25 weist dabei einen nach außen kragenden Ringflansch 34 auf, mit dem das Druckrohr 21 im ersten Abschnitt 17 der Hohlbohrung 15 geführt ist, während andererseits das Druckrohrteil 26 an seinem Außenumfang im Bereich des zweiten Abschnitts 19 der Hohlbohrung 15 geführt ist.The pressure tube 21 inserted into the offset hollow bore 15 consists of several individual parts which are put together, soldered to one another and then machined so that the pressure tube 21 results in a one-piece component after it has been machined. The one-piece pressure tube 21 essentially consists of a multi-section anchor tube 23 and a one-section pick-up tube 24 with a smaller diameter that is firmly connected to it. In the anchor tube 23 with a larger diameter than the receiver tube 24, two sleeve-shaped intermediate pieces 27, 28 are arranged between an outside pressure tube piece 25 and an inner pressure tube part 26, between which there is a hollow cylindrical middle piece 29. While the two intermediate pieces 27, 28 consist of magnetically non-conductive material, the pressure pipe piece 25, the pressure pipe part 26 and the middle piece 29 are made of magnetically conductive material. The pressure tube piece 25 can therefore work in its hollow cylindrical region as a pole shoe 31, while the pressure tube part 26 forms a corresponding pole shoe 32 which cooperate with an armature 33 arranged in the armature tube 23. The pressure pipe section 25 has an outwardly projecting ring flange 34 with which the pressure pipe 21 is guided in the first section 17 of the hollow bore 15, while on the other hand the pressure pipe part 26 is guided on its outer circumference in the region of the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15.

Am Außenumfang des Druckrohres 21 sind in dem ringförmigen Raum zwischen Spule 18 und Ankerrohr 23 zwei ringförmige Permanentmagneten 35, 36 eingebaut, die axial magnetisiert sind und zur Erzielung einer großen Hubenergie aus seltenen Erden bestehen. Die Permanentmagnete 35, 36 sind so ausgebildet und angeordnet, daß die gleichnamigen Nord-Pole einander gegenüberliegen und zwischen sich ein ringförmiges Polstück 37 aus magnetischem Material aufnehmen. Die axiale Länge der beiden Permanentmagnete 35, 36 und des dazwischenliegenden Polstücks 37 ist so gewählt, daß es der Länge der elektrischen Spule 18 entspricht. Zudem ist die axiale Länge des Polstücks 37 so groß wie diejenige des Mittelstücks 29 im Druckrohr 21. Ferner wird in vorteilhafter Weise die axiale Länge der beiden Zwischenstücke 27, 28 und des Mittelstücks 29 so groß gewählt, daß sie in etwa der Länge des Ankers 33 entspricht.On the outer circumference of the pressure tube 21, two annular permanent magnets 35, 36 are installed in the annular space between the coil 18 and the armature tube 23, which are axially magnetized and consist of rare earths in order to achieve a large lifting energy. The permanent magnets 35, 36 are designed and arranged such that the north poles of the same name lie opposite one another and receive an annular pole piece 37 made of magnetic material between them. The axial length of the two permanent magnets 35, 36 and the interposed pole piece 37 is selected so that it corresponds to the length of the electrical coil 18. In addition, the axial length of the pole piece 37 is as large as that of the middle piece 29 in the pressure tube 21. Furthermore, the axial length of the two intermediate pieces 27, 28 and the middle piece 29 is advantageously chosen to be approximately the length of the armature 33 corresponds.

Der Anker 33 ist mit Hilfe seiner Hubstange 38 zweifach gelagert. Der durch das Druckrohrstück 25 nach außen ragende Teil der Hubstange 38 bildet eine erste Lagerstelle 39 in einem Magnetkern 41, der in das Druckrohrstück 25 von der ersten Stirnfläche 14 her eingesetzt ist. Ein entgegengesetzt liegendes Ende 42 der Hubstange 38 ist in einer zweiten Lagerstelle 43 geführt, die im Druckrohrteil 26 ausgebildet ist. Unmittelbar angrenzend an die zweite Lagerstelle 43 ist im Druckrohrteil 26 eine Befestigungsstelle 44 ausgebildet, in der das becherförmige Aufnehmerrohr 24 mit seinem offenen Ende, an dem ein verdickter Außenbund angeordnet ist, in dem Ankerrohr 23 dicht befestigt ist. Das Aufnehmerrohr 24, das aus magnetisch nicht leitendem Material besteht, wird in der Befestigungsstelle 44 in der Regel hart verlötet. Die Befestigungsstelle 44 liegt auf diese Weise in der gleichen radialen Ebene wie der zweite Abschnitt 19 der Hohlbohrung 15 und somit im Bereich des als Polschuh 32 dienenden Druckrohrteils 26. Da die dem zweiten Abschnitt 19 der Hohlbohrung 15 zugeordnete Gehäusewand 45 relativ dünn ausgebildet ist, kann das im dritten Abschnitt 22 angeordnete Wegmeßsystem 12 relativ nahe an den Permanentmagneten 36 bzw. die Spule 18 herangebaut werden, so daß sich eine in axialer Richtung besonders kurze Bauweise ergibt.The armature 33 is mounted twice with the aid of its lifting rod 38. The part of the lifting rod 38 projecting outward through the pressure tube piece 25 forms a first bearing point 39 in a magnetic core 41 which is inserted into the pressure tube piece 25 from the first end face 14. An opposite end 42 of the lifting rod 38 is guided in a second bearing 43 which is formed in the pressure tube part 26. Immediately adjacent to the second bearing point 43, a fastening point 44 is formed in the pressure tube part 26, in which the cup-shaped pickup tube 24 is tightly fastened in the anchor tube 23 with its open end, on which a thickened outer collar is arranged. The pickup tube 24, which consists of magnetically non-conductive material, is generally brazed in the fastening point 44. In this way, the attachment point 44 lies in the same radial plane as the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 and thus in the region of the pressure tube part 26 serving as a pole shoe 32. Since the housing wall 45 assigned to the second section 19 of the hollow bore 15 is relatively thin, the measuring system 12 arranged in the third section 22 is relatively close be built on the permanent magnet 36 or the coil 18, so that there is a particularly short construction in the axial direction.

Das Wegmeßsystem 12 weist einen die Meßspulen 46 tragenden Spulenkörper 47 auf, der axial verschiebbar auf dem Aufnehmerrohr 24 angeordnet ist. Der Spulenkörper 47 ist allseitig von einer eisenmetallischen Ummantelung 48 umgeben, aus der lediglich nach oben die Anschlußkabel 49 herausgeführt sind. Zwischen der Ummantelung 48 und dem Druckrohrteil 26 sind Tellerfedern 51 angeordnet, so daß der Spulenkörper 41 zusammen mit seiner Ummantelung 48 mit Hilfe einer selbstsichernden Mutter 52 axial justierbar ist. Zum Schutz gegen Verdrehen ist außen an der Ummantelung 48 eine Verdrehsicherung 53 angeordnet. Der dritte Abschnitt 22 der Hohlbohrung 15 ist nach außen hin durch eine Abschlußkappe 54 verschlossen.The displacement measuring system 12 has a coil body 47 which carries the measuring coils 46 and which is arranged on the pickup tube 24 so as to be axially displaceable. The coil body 47 is surrounded on all sides by an iron-metallic sheathing 48, from which the connecting cables 49 are only led upwards. Disc springs 51 are arranged between the casing 48 and the pressure tube part 26, so that the coil body 41 together with its casing 48 can be axially adjusted with the aid of a self-locking nut 52. To prevent rotation, an anti-rotation device 53 is arranged on the outside of the casing 48. The third section 22 of the hollow bore 15 is closed to the outside by an end cap 54.

Im Inneren des Aufnehmerrohrs 24 ist als Teil des Wegmeßsystems 12 ein Ferritkern 55 angeordnet, der mit Hilfe einer Druckfeder 56 kraftschlüssig auf einem Kerntäger 57 fixiert ist, der seinerseits im Ende 42 der Hubstange 38 befestigt ist, wobei dessen axiale Festlegung mit Hilfe einer Verstemmung 58 leicht durchführbar ist.A ferrite core 55 is arranged in the interior of the pick-up tube 24 as part of the displacement measuring system 12, which is non-positively fixed with the aid of a compression spring 56 on a core carrier 57, which in turn is fastened in the end 42 of the lifting rod 38, its axial fixing using a caulking 58 is easy to carry out.

Die Wirkungsweise des Linearmotors 10 wird wie folgt erläutert, wobei zusätzlich auf die Figuren 2 und 3 Bezug genommen wird.The mode of operation of the linear motor 10 is explained as follows, reference also being made to FIGS. 2 and 3.

Der als polarisierter Proportionalmagnet ausgebildete Linearmotor 10 bezieht seine Hubenergie aus den zwei gegenpolig eingebauten, axial magnetisierten Permanentmagneten 35, 36 und aus einer in Abhängigkeit der Stromrichtung die Kraftwirkrichtung vorgebende Spule 18.The linear motor 10, which is designed as a polarized proportional magnet, draws its lifting energy from the two axially magnetized permanent magnets 35, 36 installed with opposite poles and from a coil 18 which determines the direction of action of the force depending on the direction of the current.

Die Figur 2 zeigt nun in vereinfachter Darstellung den Verlauf der magnetischen Flußlinien im Linearmotor 10 nach Figur 1, wenn dessen Spule 18 nicht bestromt ist. Bei der in Figur 1 und Figur 2 dargestellten Mittelstellung des Ankers 33 bilden sich im unbestromten Zustand die magnetischen Flußlinien über beide Permanentmagnete 35, 36 symmetrisch derart aus, daß sie im Norden austreten, unter gemeinsamer Nutzung des Polstücks 37 und des magnetisch leitenden Mittelstücks 29 radial in den Anker 33 eingeleitet werden und dort parallel zu den jeweils nicht magnetischen, eingelöteten Zwischenstücken 27 bzw. 28 verlaufen. Von dort werden sie im Bereich der beiden Stirnflächen des Ankers 33 über die Luftspalte 59, 61 im wesentlichen in radialer Weise in den Polschuh 31 des Druckrohrstücks 25 bzw. in den Polschuh 32 des Druckrohrteils 26 und weiter in die Gehäusewand 45 überführt, von wo sie in die Südpole der Permanentmagneten 35, 36 eintreten und den Magnetkreis schließen. Dabei fließt nur ein relativ geringer Streufluß von den Nordpolen der Permanentmagneten 35, 36 über die Spule 18 und das Gehäuse 13 zurück zu den Südpolen. Gering ist auch der Nutzfluß vom Anker 33 unmittelbar über dessen Stirnflächen in axialer Richtung zu dem Magnetkern 41 bzw. zum Druckrohrteil 26. In diesem Betriebszustand bei unbestromter Spule 18 ist die resultierende Kraft bei einer Mittelstellung des Ankers 33 gleich Null.FIG. 2 shows a simplified representation of the course of the magnetic flux lines in the linear motor 10 according to FIG. 1 when its coil 18 is not energized. In the middle position of the armature 33 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the lines of magnetic flux are formed symmetrically over the two permanent magnets 35, 36 in the deenergized state in such a way that they emerge in the north, using the pole piece 37 and the magnetically conductive middle piece 29 radially are introduced into the armature 33 and there run parallel to the non-magnetic, soldered intermediate pieces 27 and 28, respectively. From there they are transferred in the area of the two end faces of the armature 33 via the air gaps 59, 61 essentially in a radial manner into the pole shoe 31 of the pressure tube piece 25 or into the pole shoe 32 of the pressure tube part 26 and further into the housing wall 45, from where they are enter the south poles of the permanent magnets 35, 36 and close the magnetic circuit. Only a relatively small leakage flux flows from the north poles of the permanent magnets 35, 36 via the coil 18 and the housing 13 back to the south poles. The useful flow from the armature 33 directly over its end faces in the axial direction to the magnetic core 41 or to the pressure tube part 26 is also low. In this operating state with the coil 18 de-energized, the resulting force is equal to zero when the armature 33 is in the middle position.

Wie die Figur 3 näher zeigt, überlagert sich bei einer Bestromung der Spule 18 deren Feld dem Permanentmagnetfeld und führt somit innerhalb des einen Permanentmagneten 36 zu einer Feldabschwächung bzw. einer Feldauslöschung im Luftspalt 61, während innerhalb des gegenüberliegenden, ersten Permanentmagneten 35 eine Feldverstärkung im Luftspalt 59 mit entsprechender Kraftwirkung auf den Anker 33 entsteht. In Abhängigkeit von der Stromrichtung durch die Spule 18 lassen sich auf diese Weise die Magnetfelder in den Arbeitsluftspalten 59, 61 verstärken oder abschwächen und damit magnetische Kräfte axial in zwei Wirkrichtungen erzielen. Der Linearmotor 10 kann auf diese Weise bei relativ kleiner Baugröße und geringer Strom- und Leistungsaufnahme sowie einem hohen maximalen Kraftniveau eine hohe Dynamik erreichen. Begünstigt wird dies auch dadurch, daß durch möglichst gleichmäßige Querschnitte im Magnetkreis und durch das Einbringen von axialen Schlitzen in einzelnen Bauteilen parasitäre Wirbelströme unterdrückt werden. Dabei lässt sich trotz der einfach aufgebauten Bauelemente der Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Kennlinien leicht beeinflussen, indem die Polnasenüberdeckung in den Luftspalten 59 und 61 variiert werden kann. Äußerst günstig für die kompakte Bauform des Linearmotors 10 ist dabei die Verlegung der Befestigungsstelle 44 hinein in das vom Magnetfluß durchströmte Druckrohrteil 26, so daß Spule 18 und Wegmeßsystem 12 in axialer Richtung des Linearmotors 10 gesehen relativ nahe beieinander liegen können. Begünstigt wird diese kurze Bauform des Linearmotors 10 auch durch die Ummantelung 48, welche die Meßspulen 46 von dem störenden Magnetfluß des Proportionalmagneten 11 schützt. Ferner wird die kurze Bauweise auch durch die flachen Tellerfedern 51 unterstützt. Vorteilhaft für die kompakte Bauform ist ferner auch die kraftschlüssige Fixierung des Ferritkerns 55, so daß eine einwandfreie Montage und Justierung des Wegmeßsystems 12 möglich ist. Bei dem Linearmotor 10 lässt sich somit mit Hilfe des Druckrohrs 21 auch bei nasser Bauweise eine in axialer Richtung kurze Bauform erzielen.As FIG. 3 shows in more detail, when the coil 18 is energized, its field overlaps the permanent magnetic field and thus leads to a field weakening or field extinction in the air gap 61 within the one permanent magnet 36, while a field strengthening in the air gap within the opposite, first permanent magnet 35 59 arises with a corresponding force effect on the armature 33. Depending on the direction of current through the coil 18, the magnetic fields in the working air gaps 59, 61 can be strengthened or weakened in this way and magnetic forces can thus be achieved axially in two effective directions. The linear motor 10 can achieve high dynamics in this way with a relatively small size and low current and power consumption as well as a high maximum force level. This is also favored by the fact that parasitic eddy currents are suppressed by the most uniform possible cross sections in the magnetic circuit and by the introduction of axial slots in individual components. In spite of the simply constructed components, the course of the force-displacement characteristic curves can easily be influenced by the polar nose coverage in the air gaps 59 and 61 being varied. Extremely favorable for the compact design of the linear motor 10 is the relocation of the fastening point 44 into the pressure pipe part 26 through which the magnetic flux flows, so that the coil 18 and position measuring system 12 can be relatively close to one another as seen in the axial direction of the linear motor 10. This short design of the linear motor 10 is also favored by the casing 48, which protects the measuring coils 46 from the interfering magnetic flux of the proportional magnet 11. Furthermore, the short design is also supported by the flat disc springs 51. Another advantage of the compact design is the non-positive fixation of the ferrite core 55, so that the position measuring system 12 can be installed and adjusted correctly. In the linear motor 10, the pressure tube 21 can thus be used to achieve a short design in the axial direction even with a wet design.

Selbstverständlich sind an der gezeigten Ausführungsform Änderungen möglich, ohne vom Gedanken der Erfindung abzuweichen. So kann anstelle des gezeigten Wegmeßsystems in Drosselbauweise ein Spulenkörper mit drei Meßspulen für eine Transformatorbauweise verwendet werden. Auch bleiben die Vorteile des Linearmotors erhalten, wenn die Befestigungsstelle 44 des Aufnehmerrohrs 24 im Druckrohrteil 26 noch weiter nach links, in Richtung zu den Polschuhen 32 hin, verlagert wird. Auch wäre es möglich, anstelle des gezeigten Aufnehmerrohrs 24 an dessem offenen Ende einen radialen Flansch vorzusehen und es damit an der radialen Stirnseite des Druckrohrteils 26 zu befestigen so daß hierbei wenig axialer Bauraum verloren geht. Fernerhin wäre es möglich, die Verstemmung 58 für eine weitere Baulängenreduzierung auf die andere Seite der zweiten Lagerstelle 43 zu verlegen, wobei sie auch innerhalb des Ankers 33 angeordnet werden kann.Of course, changes can be made to the embodiment shown without departing from the spirit of the invention. So instead of the distance measuring system shown in a throttle design, a coil body with three measuring coils can be used for a transformer design. The advantages of the linear motor are also retained if the fastening point 44 of the pickup tube 24 in the pressure tube part 26 is shifted further to the left, in the direction of the pole shoes 32. It would also be possible to provide a radial flange at its open end instead of the sensor tube 24 shown and to attach it to the radial end face of the pressure tube part 26 so that little axial installation space is lost. Furthermore, it would be possible to move the caulking 58 to the other side of the second bearing 43 for a further reduction in overall length, it also being possible to arrange it within the armature 33.

Claims (11)

  1. Double-acting electromagnetic linear motor (10), in particular for valve slides, having an armature (33) which can be deflected to both sides from a centre position and an electric coil (18) which is located radially outside the armature and can be energized in opposite directions, which armature (33) and electric coil (18) are separated from one another by means of a tubular element (21) which is arranged between them and which separates the coil (18) from a pressure mediumfilled armature space, and having two axially magnetized permanent magnets (35, 36) which are installed with opposite polarity within the coil (18) and have between their like poles which face one another at least one pole element (37) which is permeable to magnetic flux while pole shoes (31, 32), which form working air gaps (59, 61) with the armature (33) are assigned to their externally located, like poles, characterized in that the tubular element is constructed as an essentially sleeve-shaped pressure tube (21) which receives the armature (33) and at whose outer circumference the permanent magnets (35, 36) are arranged, and in that the pressure tube (21) has two non-magnetic intermediate elements (27, 28) between its sections (25, 26) which form the two pole shoes (31, 32), between which intermediate elements (27, 28) a centre element (29) which is permeable to magnetic flux is arranged.
  2. Linear motor according to Claim 1, characterized in that the axial length of the two permanent magnets (35, 36) with their pole element (37) located between them corresponds essentially to the length of the coil (18).
  3. Linear motor according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the armature (33) forms with the pole shoes (31, 32) of the pressure tube (21) working air gaps (59, 61) in which the magnetic flux is transferred essentially radially.
  4. Linear motor according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the axial length of the centre element (29) in the pressure tube (21) corresponds essentially to the distance between the two permanent magnets (35, 36), which distance is equal in particular to the single pole element (37).
  5. Linear motor according to Claim 4, characterized in that the axial length of an intermediate element (27, 28) is essentially half the length of a permanent magnet (35, 36).
  6. Linear motor according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pressure tube (21) comprises an armature tube (23) which bears the permanent magnets (35, 36) and the coil (18), and a pick-up tube (24) which is assigned to the displacement measurement system (12) and is connected in a sealed and permanent manner to the armature tube (23) with its open end in an attachment point (44), the armature tube (23) being mounted in the housing (13) and the armature (33) being guided in its interior in a sliding manner.
  7. Linear motor according to Claim 6, characterized in that the attachment point (44) of the pick-up tube (24) is arranged on the pressure tube component (26), serving as pole shoe (32), of the armature tube (23).
  8. Linear motor according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the attachment point (44) of the pick-up tube (24) is located essentially in the same radial plane as the second section (19), which supports the armature tube (23), of the hollow hole (15) with a small diameter and which is adjoined on both sides by sections (17, 22) with a larger diameter.
  9. Linear motor according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the measurement coils (46), arranged externally on the pick-up tube (24), of the displacement measurement system (12) are surrounded by a shielding casing (48).
  10. Linear motor according to Claim 8, characterized in that the measurement coils (46) with casing (48) are arranged on the pick-up tube (24) in an axially adjustable manner and in particular are supported on the pressure tube (21) by means of disc springs (51).
  11. Linear motor according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that a core carrier (57) which projects into the pick-up tube (24) is attached to the armature (33), on which core carrier (57) a ferrite core (55) of the displacement measurement system (12) is guided in a sliding manner and is held in a limit position by a spring (56).
EP93102606A 1992-03-16 1993-02-19 Double acting electromagnetic linear motor Expired - Lifetime EP0569669B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4208366 1992-03-16
DE4208366A DE4208366A1 (en) 1992-03-16 1992-03-16 DOUBLE-ACTING ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR MOTOR

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EP0569669A1 EP0569669A1 (en) 1993-11-18
EP0569669B1 true EP0569669B1 (en) 1996-05-08

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104167895A (en) * 2014-08-20 2014-11-26 浙江万向精工有限公司 Bi-directional linear force motor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006014020A1 (en) * 2006-01-17 2007-07-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh pole tube
DE102011108464A1 (en) * 2011-07-23 2013-01-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Latching solenoid for vehicle steering lock, has helical spring to exert permanent supplementary drive and holding force on plunger in preset direction so as to position plunger in appropriate position
DE102012213052B4 (en) * 2012-07-25 2016-05-19 Kuhnke Automation Gmbh & Co. Kg Actuating magnet for moving a valve needle of a hot runner nozzle of an injection molding tool
JP2021531642A (en) * 2018-05-07 2021-11-18 ジー．ダブリュ．リスク カンパニー，インク． Single coil device and method

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DE2013051A1 (en) * 1970-03-19 1971-10-07 Magnetschultz Spezialfabrik F Electromagnet for regulating purposes
JPS5889059A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-05-27 ム−グ・インコ−ポレ−テツド Electromechanical actuator
DE3207912A1 (en) * 1982-03-05 1983-09-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert MAGNETIC LINEAR DRIVE
DE3323982A1 (en) * 1983-07-02 1985-01-10 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm BISTABLE, ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR
EP0284634A1 (en) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-05 MOOG GmbH Electromechanical positioning device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104167895A (en) * 2014-08-20 2014-11-26 浙江万向精工有限公司 Bi-directional linear force motor

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EP0569669A1 (en) 1993-11-18
DE4208366A1 (en) 1993-09-23

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