EP0569025B1 - Automatic fire-fighting device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to fire extinguishing agents, in particular a fire extinguishing device and an automatic fire extinguishing system.

A fire extinguisher device in the form of a powder fire extinguisher is widely known, containing a container with highly disperse powdered fire extinguishing agent (fire extinguishing agent) and a generator for generating a flow of flow medium, designed in the form of a compressed gas bottle with a shut-off valve, which contains either compressed gas or liquid carbon dioxide . When the shut-off valve is opened, gas or a liquid under pressure enters the container with a fire extinguishing agent, whereby a velocity stream is formed which atomizes the fire extinguishing agent to form a floating air-powder mixture and the mixture produced in the zone of Transported to the fire site, causing the fire to be extinguished.

Powder based on phosphorus ammonium salts, sodium carbonates and bicarbonates, sodium chlorides and potassium chlorides, oxamides, aluminum trihydroxides etc. are used as fire extinguishing agents in such fire extinguishers. Depending on the type of powder to be used, the fire extinguishing plant can be different. It is possible to use both physical and chemical fire fighting factors or a combination of these. The physical factors of fire fighting include the removal of flame heat due to heat loss during the heating and vaporization of powder particles and the isolation of the flame source from oxygen in the atmosphere, ie the formation of a Protective layer to prevent oxygen on burning surfaces.

Silica, copper, barium, magnesium oxides and other inert substances are used as fire extinguishing agents that combat the burning by means of a physical factor. The chemical factors of fire fighting include flame cooling due to heat loss when the fire extinguishing agent is broken down and the burning delay due to binding of the polymerization nuclei of the chain reactions of oxidation that take place on the burning surface.

Potassium or sodium sulfates, potassium chromate, barium nitrate, aluminum, potassium, sodium or ammonium chlorides, potassium bromide, potassium or sodium carbonates etc., which are chemical inhibitors, are used as fire extinguishing agents which combat the burning by means of a chemical factor.

Fire extinguishing powder is considered universal when extinguishing fire, including when extinguishing various mechanical, electrical equipment, etc., if water and other means cannot be used. In addition, the fire extinguishing powders are low in toxicity or contain no toxins at all and have a wide temperature range when used. The fire extinguishing powders are characterized by an increased tendency to absorb moisture, agglomeration and consequently to form lumps and have a relatively high (1.4-1.8 kg / m ² ) fire extinguishing concentration.

In addition, the maximum fire extinguishing effectiveness for these powders is achieved with a high dispersity of the powder particles (approx. 1 mkm), which leads to procedural difficulties in the production of powders with the necessary dispersity and to their considerable price increase. Highly disperse powders are largely susceptible to agglomeration. The conditions for operating powder fire extinguishers can limit its scope.

This means that the use of powder fire extinguishers in means of transport is made more difficult by harsh operating conditions, continuous vibration, shock loads, moisture, etc. The presence in this device of a pressurized gas bottle and consequently a shut-off valve and connecting pipes also makes the construction difficult and complicated. Furthermore, high fire extinguishing reliability and responsiveness when extinguishing fire is not ensured especially for long periods of time using this device in transportation means because of the difficulties with maintaining the thermal seal of the bottle.

Also known is a fire extinguishing device (USSR, A, 1537279) in the form of a powder fire extinguisher with a generator for generating a fluid flow containing a combustion chamber, in the interior of which a main charge of solid fuel is accommodated, which is in the form of a cylinder with a through opening is executed. A gas line, which is a perforated metal tube, is arranged inside the through opening, and a small charge of solid fuel is attached to one end thereof. There is a detonator near this. After signaling for the detonator, the smaller charge burns off with solid fuel and the gases, as they penetrate the fire extinguisher housing via the gas line, provide an additional blowing up (flocculation) of the fire extinguishing agent. After a short period of time, the main charge of solid fuel is ignited by burning the smaller charge and the main flow of the gas enters the fire extinguisher housing through the openings in the gas line and blows out temporarily flocculated fire extinguishing agent into the combustion zone.

Such a generator design for generating the flowing medium flow allows the gas flow to form without the use of high-pressure devices and to temporarily flocculate the fire extinguishing agent. which ensures complete powder atomization. The reliability and fast action of such a generator for generating fluid medium flows is significantly higher than that of a generator in the form of a high-pressure bottle.

However, because there is no effective cooling system in the device for cooling the gases coming out of the gas line, it leads to the sintering of the particles of the fire extinguishing agent and to its early decomposition under the action of the hot gases of the gas line, which has both the physical and the chemical factor reduces the fire fighting accordingly and significantly affects the effectiveness of the device. In addition, all of the shortcomings of the powder fire extinguishers are inherent in this device.

Also known is a fire-fighting device (USSR, A, 1475685) in the form of powder fire extinguishers with a generator for generating the flow of fluid medium, comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber with a solid charge and an igniter is accommodated, and a coolant for cooling the Combustion products, designed in the form of a labyrinth channel, which is formed by three interconnected coaxially arranged chambers. Tangential nozzles are provided on the side surfaces of the chamber with the smaller diameter and the middle chamber contains a powdery heat-absorbing substance.

After the detonator responds, the solid charge burns and hot gaseous combustion products penetrate the labyrinth channel at high speed. The gases are partially cooled down all the way through the labyrinth channel by heat exchange with the chamber walls. After entering the chamber with the smaller diameter, the flow of the partially cooled gas divides into two flows, one of which comes into the middle chamber with powdered heat-absorbing material, takes it with it while it gives back part of the heat, and a second Flow gets eddy into the exit of the middle chamber through tangentially arranged nozzles. This is where the first flow comes with the entrained particles of the powdery heat-absorbing substance and when this two-phase flow advances, an intensive heat exchange of the gas with the powder and the chamber walls takes place. As the powder absorbs heat, it breaks down to form gaseous products. Cooled gases get into the powder fire extinguisher.

This design of the generator for generating a flow of flow medium by the presence of a coolant for cooling the combustion products allows a cooled gas stream to be generated which, when the powdered fire extinguishing agent is atomized, does not cause its sintering, agglomeration and early decay. Such a generator for generating a flow of flow medium through the release of gaseous products when a heat-absorbing powder disintegrates ensures the generation of gaseous combustion products in large quantities, which transport powdered fire extinguishing agents to the fire site.

The generator described for generating a flow of flow medium, like all the others, cannot in itself be used for fire extinguishing and can only be used together with a powder fire extinguisher; this device therefore has all the shortcomings of the powder fire extinguisher listed. In addition, the specified construction is complicated, robust and requires a lot of material because, in addition to the generator for generating the flow of the flow medium with a coolant of large dimensions for cooling the combustion products, it also contains a fire extinguisher with fire extinguishing powder.

It is known to use an aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composition (US, A, 3972820) which contains a mixture of a halogen compound (25-85 mass%), sodium or potassium chlorate or perchlorate (15-45 mass%) and epoxy resin for fire extinguishing; unknown but the use of a fire extinguishing device in which the given aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composition could be used.

If you e.g. this aerosol-forming composition as a solid charge in the device according to USSR no. 1475685 used, the aerosol forming during the combustion of the solid charge, passing through the labyrinth channel, will settle on the walls of the coaxially arranged chambers and consequently the aerosol composition will disintegrate before it reaches the fire site.

Automatic fire extinguishing systems are used to automate the fire extinguishing process and to increase the operational reliability of the fire extinguishing devices.

An automatic fire extinguishing system (Jp, B, 6250151) is known, containing fire extinguishing devices with their start initiators, temperature sensors and a controllable switch. Each temperature sensor corresponds to at least one fire extinguishing device. A controllable switch has two groups of analog switches, a counter and a multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors. The inputs of the first group of analog switches are connected to the outputs of the temperature sensors; the outputs of the first switch group are connected to the outputs of a multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors. The inputs of the second group of analog change-over switches are connected to the outputs of the multi-stage comparison block for comparing the output signals of the temperature sensors and the outputs of the second switch group are connected to the start initiators of the fire extinguishing devices. The control inputs of both groups of analog switches are connected to a counter.

At the same time, the counter sends the control signals to the changeover switches to close them. When the changeover switch is closed, the signals from the temperature sensors are sent to the multi-stage comparison block, where they are compared with a calibration signal. If a signal from the temperature sensor exceeds the calibration signal, the comparison block forms a control signal for the start initiator of the relevant fire extinguishing device.

When a fire starts, the signal from the temperature sensor increases and begins to surpass the calibration signal; this gives the control signal for the start initiator of the fire extinguishing devices concerned.

Such an automatic fire extinguishing system is reliable; it enables effective fire extinguishing without specialist personnel. However, this system is complicated and consequently it is always possible that it will not respond. In addition, the system does not respond if the temperature sensor fails or if the supply is faulty.

The object of this invention is to develop a fire extinguishing device which has a construction which is adapted to the use of the composition which ensures spatial fire extinguishing and which is harmless in handling, and an automatic fire extinguishing system using such a device to create that is highly reliable and that responds in the event of a temperature sensor failure or a malfunction in the feed system.

This object is achieved in that in the fire extinguishing device, comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber with a solid charge and an igniter located in the vicinity thereof, contains a coolant for cooling the combustion products, which is in the form of a layer of heat-absorbing material executed and behind the combustion chamber in the exit direction of the combustion products is arranged, according to the invention the solid charge is made of an aerosol-forming composition, the combustion chamber space exceeds the volume of the solid charge by at least 30%, the solid charge is accommodated in the combustion chamber with formation of a free space opposite the layer of heat-absorbing material, in the direction of exit of the combustion products behind the layer of heat-absorbing material Material an outlet means for the exit of the combustion products is arranged with openings which are connected to the combustion chamber by means of passages arranged in the layer of heat-absorbing material.

In order to prevent large aerosol losses when passing through the layer of heat-absorbing material and to ensure effective cooling of the combustion products, it is advantageous to sum the cross-sectional area of the passages of the layer of heat-absorbing material in the range of 0.25-0.7 from the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material to choose. In order to allow an unobstructed exit from the device of combustion products, it is advantageous to calculate the total passage area of the outlet means for the exit of the combustion products so that it is at least 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.

In order to reduce aerosol losses as it passes through the outlet means of the combustion products, it is advantageous to design this agent in the form of a plate with openings, each dimension of which is at least 1.5 mm.

It is also possible to arrange a network with 1.5-25 mm cells near the plate. For a spatial division of the solid charge and the layer of heat-absorbing material, it is advantageous to set up a spacer (a spreader) in the combustion chamber. It is advantageous to have the spacer in the form of a ring to execute. It is advantageous to design the spacer in the form of a spring.

As a layer of heat-absorbing material, it is possible to use bulk material with particle sizes of 3 to 25 mm, whereby it may be necessary to separate the coolant for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber by a second outlet means for the exit of the combustion products, which is analogous to the first outlet means .

For use in small-scale devices, it is advantageous to use metal particles as bulk material. For use in stationary plants, it is advantageous to use particles from natural minerals as bulk material. As native minerals, it is preferred to use gravel, aluminosilicates or oxides.

To increase the operational efficiency of the device while minimizing its weight, it is particularly preferred to use particles of a polymer composition with at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler as the bulk material.

As a polymer composition, it is advantageous to use a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized polymer and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture made of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component with a high heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer, a component with a high Heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect to use.

In order to increase the operational efficiency of the device and to reduce its price, it is preferred to carry out the particles of the polymer composition in the form of grains or cut tubes with a diameter of 3 to 25 mm, it being advantageous for the grain or tube length to be in the range from 0 To choose 5 to 2.5 of their diameters.

In order to enable the coolant to be used for cooling the combustion products, which corresponds to any characteristic values, it is preferred to use a mixture of metal particles, particles of natural mineral and particles of a polymer composition as the filler, which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95 Mass.% Filler, taken in any combination and ratio, contains.

In order to achieve an additional fire extinguishing effect, it is advantageous for part of the bulk material to contain particles of an aerosol-forming composition, the mass of aerosol-forming composition being 0.1-0.4 of the bulk material mass.

In order to increase the operational reliability of the fire extinguishing device under the action of sustained vibration loads, it is preferred to design the layer of heat-absorbing material as a bundle of a plurality of tubes which are oriented in the exit direction for the exit of the combustion products, extend over the entire length of the layer and in this layer form passages which connect the openings of the outlet means for the exit of the combustion products with the combustion chamber, the cross-sectional size of the passage of each tube preferably being between 1.5-30 mm and the coolant for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber a second outlet means with openings, analogous to the first outlet means, is to be separated.

For this purpose, it is particularly preferred to carry out the layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a monoblock made of hard material with passages in the layer of heat-absorbing material which connect the openings of the outlet means for the escape of the combustion products to the combustion chamber and are designed in the form of channels in the monoblock , the cross-sectional size of each channel is conveniently between 1.5-30 mm.

In order to increase the operational effectiveness of the device with its lowest possible weight, the bundle can be formed from a multiplicity of tubes or the monoblock from a polymer composition which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler.

It may be advantageous to use a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high heat capacity or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component with high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component with high heat capacity and a component with high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer, a component with high heat capacity and a component with high endothermic Use decomposition effect.

If a fire extinguishing device with larger dimensions is used, it is advantageous to carry out the solid charge in the form of at least two individual fires.

In order to avoid excessive heating of the surface of the device housing by hot combustion products, it is advantageous to shield the inner surface of the combustion chamber by means of a seal made of heat-absorbing material, at least 1 mm thick. It is advantageous to use polymer material as the heat-absorbing material.

In order to increase the operational effectiveness of the fire extinguishing device by forming two aerosol flows, it is preferred to place the solid charge in the central part of the combustion chamber and to arrange a second coolant for cooling the combustion products and a second outlet means for escaping the combustion products, analogously to the first, correspondingly symmetrically .

The object is achieved in that in an automatic fire extinguishing system containing at least one fire extinguishing device with its start initiators, a power source is connected by a normally interrupted controllable switch, the control input of which is connected to the output of the temperature sensor, the inventive fire extinguishing device Solid charge with aerosol-forming composition, which is housed in the combustion chamber, and has a coolant for cooling the combustion products, that the starting initiator for starting the fire extinguishing device is in the form of an igniter for the solid charge and a reserve power source is available in Form of a capacitor connected in parallel to the main supply by a protective diode.

In order to ensure that the system responds in the event of a prolonged power failure, it is advantageous to provide the fire extinguishing device with a fast-acting timing fuse that is connected to the solid charge.

By means of the proposed fire extinguishing device and on the basis of the design of the coolant for cooling the combustion products and the material of the solid charge to be used, the spatial fire extinguishing mechanism is ensured in the absence of the flame at the outlet of the device. In addition, no additional fire extinguishing agents in the form of powder or liquid need be used with this device. The device is also characterized by its simple construction, small size, high fire extinguishing effectiveness and accessibility of the materials that can be used.

The proposed automatic fire extinguishing system has increased reliability and safe operation due to its simple construction, the presence of a reserve supply and assured response of the system in the event of a permanent power failure.

Fig. 1

eine Feuerlösch-Vorrichtung, Frontansicht, Vertikalschnitt;

Fig. 2

das Austrittsmittel zum Austreten der Verbrennungsprodukte in Form einer Platte mit Öffnungen und mit an dieser anliegendem Netz mit Zellen, das in der Feuerlösch-Vorrichtung gemäss Fig. 1 eingesetzt wird;

Fig. 3

dasselbe gemäss Fig. 1, eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit Abstandsstück in Form eines Ringes;

Fig. 4

dasselbe gemäss Fig. 4, eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit Abstandsstück in Form einer Feder;

Fig. 5

dasselbe gemäss Fig. 1, eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit der Schicht wärmeaufnehmenden Materials in Form von Schüttgut;

Fig. 6

dasselbe gemäss Fig. 1, eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit der Schicht wärmeaufnehmenden Materials in Form eines Bündels aus einer Vielzahl von Röhrchen;

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt nach VII-VII gemäss Fig. 6;

Fig. 8

dasselbe gemäss Fig. 8, eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit einer Schicht wärmeaufnehmenden Materials in Form eines Monoblocks, Draufsicht;

Fig. 9

Schnitt nach IX-IX gemäss Fig. 8;

Fig. 10

die Unterbringung in der Brennkammer der Feststoffladung, die in Form von drei einzelnen Brandkörpern ausgeführt ist, Aufsicht, Schnitt;

Fig. 11

eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit Dichtung aus wärmeaufnehmenden Material im Vertikalschnitt;

Fig. 12

eine Vorrichtungsvariante mit einem zweiten Kühlmittel zur Kühlung der Verbrennungsprodukte und mit einem zweiten Austrittsmittel zum Austreten der Verbrennungsprodukte im Vertikalschnitt;

Fig. 13

ein grundsätzliches Schaltbild eines automatischen Feuerlösch-Systems.

Furthermore, the invention is explained on the basis of the description of its concrete design variants with reference to drawings.
It shows:

Fig. 1

a fire extinguishing device, front view, vertical section;

Fig. 2

the outlet means for the discharge of the combustion products in the form of a plate with openings and with this adjacent network with cells, which is used in the fire extinguishing device according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

the same according to FIG. 1, a device variant with a spacer in the form of a ring;

Fig. 4

the same according to FIG. 4, a device variant with a spacer in the form of a spring;

Fig. 5

the same according to FIG. 1, a device variant with the layer heat absorbing material in the form of bulk material;

Fig. 6

the same according to FIG. 1, a device variant with the layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a bundle from a multiplicity of tubes;

Fig. 7

a section along VII-VII of FIG. 6;

Fig. 8

the same according to FIG. 8, a device variant with a layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a monoblock, top view;

Fig. 9

Section according to IX-IX according to FIG. 8;

Fig. 10

the placement in the combustion chamber of the solid charge, which is in the form of three individual fire elements, supervision, section;

Fig. 11

a device variant with a seal made of heat-absorbing material in vertical section;

Fig. 12

a device variant with a second coolant for cooling the combustion products and with a second outlet means for exiting the combustion products in vertical section;

Fig. 13

a basic circuit diagram of an automatic fire extinguishing system.

1 shows a fire extinguishing device which contains a housing 1 in which there is a combustion chamber 2, a coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products and an outlet means 4 for exiting the combustion products with openings 5. The housing 1 can be made from any solid, heat-resistant material, for example steel, aluminum or thermostable plastic. The shape of the housing 1 is also arbitrary, for example cylindrical, in the form of a multiple prism with equilateral polygons in baselines, etc.

In the combustion chamber 2, a solid charge 6 is accommodated, which is made of any known aerosol-forming composition.

As an aerosol forming composition e.g. a mixture of 40-70% by mass of potassium nitrate, 5-15% by mass of carbon and plasticized nitrocellulose as the remainder, a mixture of 25-85% by mass of halogen compound, 15-45% by mass of sodium or potassium chlorate or perchlorate and 3 -50% by mass epoxy resin or other known aerosol-forming compositions can be used.

The combustion chamber space 2 is dimensioned such that it is at least 1.3% of the content of the solid charge, the solid charge 6 being arranged in the combustion chamber 2 in such a way that a space 7 is formed from one side of the combustion chamber 2. This free space 7 is necessary in order to get a stable burning of the solid charge 6, consisting of an aerosol-forming composition, in the initial phase. If the size of the free space 7 is less than 0.3 of the content of the solid charge 6, no conditions are created to completely burn the aerosol-forming composition, which leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of the device due to a reduced amount of aerosol and to an increase in the amount of toxin-containing substances (CO , NO, aldehydes etc.) in the aerosol produced.

The solid charge 6 is fastened in the housing 1 in any known manner, for example by executing profiled warts on the walls of the housing 1. An igniter 8 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 in the vicinity of the solid charge 6. The igniter 8 can be placed directly on the surface of the solid charge, which is in contact with the free space 7, or in a specially predetermined cavity, which is carried out in the solid charge 6, or can be attached to the walls of the housing 1, etc.

The igniter 8 can be in the form of known electrical igniter e.g. a metal spiral, connected to a power source with 10-40 V DC. In order to increase the reliability of the igniter 8 and to reduce the voltage, an additional initiator consisting of coarse-grained smoke powder can be used, which is arranged in the vicinity of the spiral and, if appropriate, is connected to a current source with 3-12 V direct current.

The coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products rests on the side of the combustion chamber 2 where the free space 7 is formed. The coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products is designed in the form of a layer of heat-absorbing material, in which passages 9 for passing the combustion products are formed.

At the outlet from the housing 1 directly behind the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, an outlet means 4 for the exit of the combustion products with openings 5 is arranged, which retains the coolant 3 in the housing 1 and allows an unobstructed exit of the combustion products from the device.

The summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is in the range of 0.25-0.7 from the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material. If the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, there is an increased swirling of the flow of the combustion products and accordingly an increased resistance to the passage of the current through the layer of heat-absorbing material. As a result, there are large aerosol losses and impaired operating functions of the device.

If the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is more than 0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, then an effective cooling of the combustion products is not guaranteed.

In order to ensure an unobstructed exit of the combustion products from the device, the summed opening area (openings 5) of the outlet means 4 for the exit of the combustion products is dimensioned such that it is at least 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material. This size is taken based on the same considerations as the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material.

The exit means 4 for the exit of the combustion products can be designed in the form of a plate with openings 5, as shown in FIG. 1, or in the form of a combination of the plate of openings 5 and a network of cells 10, FIG. 2, attached to it. In this form of design of the outlet means 4, passages are to be formed in the latter, the dimensions of which enable the combustion products to exit the device without hindrance and, at the same time, to securely fix the coolant 3 in the housing 1.

When the outlet means 4 is designed in the form of a plate with openings 5, the size of the passages is determined by the size of the openings 5. When the outlet means 4 is designed in the form of a combination of the plate with openings 5 and a network of cells 10 adjoining it, the size of the passages is determined by the size of the cells 10.

The size of each passage of the outlet means 4 for the outlet of the combustion products should be at least 1.5 mm in the first embodiment and within 1.5-25.0 mm in the second. If the dimensions of the Passages are less than 1.5 mm, the passages become blocked with aerosol particles and accordingly the operation of the device is impaired. In some cases it is not expedient to take the sizes of the passages more than a certain value, for example> 3.0 mm or> 25.0 mm, for the reasons which are explained below and for the definitive design variants of the coolant 3 Cooling the combustion products are connected. Accordingly, the sizes of the openings 5 of the plate in the first embodiment of the outlet means 4 should be at least 1.5 mm. In the second embodiment variant of the outlet means 4, the sizes of the openings 5 of the plate should be at least 1.5 mm and the sizes of the cells 10 of the network should be in the range of 1.5-25.0 mm.

The volume of the layer of heat-absorbing material is usually 0.3-5.0 of the content of the solid charge 6. If the volume of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.3 of the content of the solid charge 6, a sufficient temperature reduction of the combustion products is not guaranteed. In this case, the flame that arises when the solid charge 6 burns can escape from the device and ignite nearby flammable objects.

If the volume of the heat absorbing material is more than 5.0% of the content of the solid charge, the aerosol will settle inside as it passes through the layer of heat absorbing material, reducing the operational effectiveness of the device.

For the purpose of spatial separation of the solid charge 6 and the layer of heat-absorbing material, a spacer (a spreader) in the form of a ring 11 (FIG. 3) or in the form of a spring 12 (FIG. 4) can be set up in the combustion chamber 2.

The layer of heat-absorbing material can be in the form of bulk material (FIG. 5) with a size of the particles 13 from 3 to 25 mm. In this case, the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber 2 through a second outlet means 14 for exiting the combustion products with openings 5; 10, which is analogous to the first outlet means and has the same functions.

The outlet means 14 can also be designed in the form of a plate with openings 5 or in the form of a combination of the plate with openings 5 and a network of cells 10 adjoining it.

The summed area of the passages in the outlet means 14 and their mass are measured based on the same considerations as for the first outlet means 4, i.e. that the sizes of the passages ensure an unimpeded discharge of the combustion products from the device and a secure fixation of the coolant 3 in the housing 1.

It is clear that the maximum size of the passages in the outlet means 4, 14 when bulk material is used as a layer of heat-absorbing material with, for example, 3 or 25 mm of the same particles should not exceed 3 mm or 25 mm, in so far as the particles 13 heat-absorbing material can fall through the passages of the outlet means 4 and 14 or be discharged from the device with the flow of the combustion products. The passages 9 are formed in the layer of heat-absorbing material by the particles 13 lying tightly against one another. If particles 13 smaller than 3 mm are used, the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is less than 0.25 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material, consequently the too tight packing of the particles will prevent aerosol leakage. If particles larger than 25 mm are used, the summed cross-sectional area of the passages 9 of the layer of heat-absorbing material is more than 0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material Materials; an effective cooling of the combustion products is therefore not ensured in the coolant 3 and consequently it is possible for the flame to escape from the device.

Metal particles can be used as bulk material. Operating waste such as e.g. Metal chip or crushed scrap used. Because the metal particles have a high heat capacity and consequently a high heat absorption, they are very suitable for use. When using the metal particles in devices of large dimensions, their sintering can be observed because of the large specific weight of these particles and the high temperature of the combustion products. It is therefore advisable to use these in small-scale devices e.g. to protect small building spaces.

Particles from native mineral can also be used as bulk material. The particles of native mineral as well as the metal particles with a comparatively high heat capacity can grind under the influence of vibration loads, which takes place with a considerable reduction in the particle size. For this reason, fire extinguishing devices with a layer of heat-absorbing material made of natural minerals are usually used under stationary conditions. Gravel, aluminosilicates, oxides etc. are used as natural minerals.

The metal particles, which are industrial waste, as well as the natural minerals, such as gravel, are used to make the construction of the fire extinguishing device cheaper.

In order to increase the operational effectiveness of the device and to minimize the weight, particles of a polymer composition containing at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler are used as the filler. Plasticized cellulose ether (nitrocellulose, Acetyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose etc.) or plasticized synthetic polymer. The filler used is a component with a high heat capacity (metals, oxides, natural minerals etc.) and / or a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect (oxamides, oxalates, metal carbonates etc.).

The content of the components is chosen based on the operational requirements put forward with the device. If e.g. a fire extinguishing device is intended for use in means of transport, i.e. is subjected to persistent vibrations with sudden temperature drops, then increased demands are made on the heat-absorbing material according to its strength values. High mechanical strength is guaranteed by an increased (25-40%) binder content. In this case the filler content decreases, i.e. the component that brings about the cooling effect, and consequently the effectiveness of the coolant for cooling the combustion products decreases.

If the fire extinguishing device is stationary for protection e.g. of halls, garages etc., the filler content (heat-cooling component) can also be taken as a maximum (80-95%) and the binder content as a minimum (5-20%).

The use of the polymer compositions which contain as a filler a component which decomposes at a relatively low temperature (160 ° -200 ° C) with a high endothermic effect is more effective than the use of an irreplaceable component which has a high heat capacity because when the component is used With a high endothermic decomposition effect, the combustion products are cooled under the influence of two factors:
- from a physical - through heat losses for heating the particles of a polymer composition - and - from a chemical factor - through heat loss for the decomposition of the given component.

For this reason, it is advantageous to use a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect as filler despite increasing the device costs.

From time to time it is necessary to use combinations of a component with a high heat capacity and a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect.

In order to increase the operational effectiveness of the fire extinguishing device and to reduce the cost, the particles of a polymer composition in the form of grains or cut tubes are used.

The thing is that, firstly, the grains and cut tubes are semi-finished products that are used for the manufacture of various products from polymer compositions; their production does not cause any procedural difficulties, which considerably reduces the device costs. Secondly, the grains have a large outer surface, which is why the passage of maximum amounts of aerosol through the layer of heat-absorbing material is ensured with maximum contact with the particle surface of the layer and accordingly a high degree of cooling of the aerosols is achieved. Cut tubes have a more developed area, which increases the effect of aerosol cooling.

The use of the grains and cut tubes with diameters from 3 to 25 mm and with lengths within 0.5-2.5 of this is optimal.

However, the grains and the cut tubes become abraded with a reduction in their sizes and one under the action of sustained vibration Subject to design failure. In this case, their packing becomes denser over time, which can lead to large aerosol losses.

A mixture of metal particles, particles of native mineral and particles of a polymer composition, taken in various combinations and ratios, which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler can be used as bulk material. This makes it possible to run the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, which corresponds to the required characteristic values (reduced price costs, reduced weight, increased strength, heat and vibration resistance, etc.). In order to achieve an additional fire extinguishing effect, a bulk part of the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products of this device can contain particles of aerosol-forming composition.

The particle size of the aerosol-forming composition is taken in the range from 3 to 25 mm, based on the above considerations. The additional fire-extinguishing effect is achieved in this case by decomposing the particles of aerosol-forming composition when hot fire-extinguishing aerosol passes through the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, as a result of which additional amounts of aerosol are formed. The particle mass of aerosol-forming composition in the bulk material is usually 0.1-0.4 of the total mass of bulk material. If the mass of the particles of aerosol-forming composition is less than 0.1 of the total mass of the bulk material, the additional fire extinguishing effect is negligible. If the mass of the particles of aerosol-forming composition is more than 0.4 of the total mass of the bulk material, the cooling effect for cooling the combustion products decreases and the device itself can be an ignition source.

The layer of heat-absorbing material can be in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 (FIGS. 6, 7), in Direction of exit of the combustion products and extends over the entire layer length. In this case, the passages 16 in the layer of heat-absorbing material are formed by the passages within the tubes 15 and by the passages 16 between the tubes 15.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the passages 16 of the tubes 15 (ie their inside diameter) and also the outside diameter of the tubes 15 are dimensioned in such a way that the condition is maintained: the summed cross-sectional area of the passages of the layer of heat-absorbing material should be within 0.25-0.7 of the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material. The actual size of the tubes 15 and their number depends on the dimensions of the device. For the reasons mentioned above, the inside diameter of the tubes should not be less than 1.5 mm. It is not expedient to choose the cross-sectional size of the passage of each tube 15 more than 30 mm, because in this case an effective cooling of the combustion products is not guaranteed.

Optimal for a fire extinguishing device with an inside diameter of 69 mm is e.g. the execution of the layer of heat-absorbing material in the form of a bundle of 85 tubes with an outer diameter of 6.5 mm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm, set up in the longitudinal direction of the device axis. The area of free passage of the tube bundle mentioned is approximately 0.3 from the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.

In order to fix the bundle of a plurality of tubes 15, the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products from the combustion chamber 2 is passed through a second outlet means 14 for the outlet of the combustion products with openings 5; 10, analogous to the first exit means, separated. It is obvious that in this case the outlet means 14 is in the form of a combination of the plate with openings 5 and of the network with cells 10 applied to this plate, which ensures a secure fixation of the coolant 3 and an unobstructed escape of aerosol from the device.

The design of the coolant 3 in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 ensures its strength under the action of sustained vibration loads. The lack of such an embodiment of the coolant 3 is that the insertion of the tubes 15 into the housing 1 is labor-intensive.

An even more solid and resistant construction against the effects of sustained vibration exposure is that in which the coolant 3 is made of hard material in the form of a monoblock 17 (FIGS. 8, 9). In this case, the passages 18 in the layer of heat-absorbing material, which connect the openings of the outlet means 4 to the combustion chamber 2, are formed in the form of channels in the monoblock 17. The cross-sectional size of each channel in the monoblock 17 is dimensioned in exactly the same way as the size of the passages 9, 10 of the coolant 3 when it is designed in the form of bulk material 13 or a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15.

When a fire extinguishing device is operated with the coolant 3 in the form of a monoblock 17 under stationary conditions, there is no need to set up the outlet means between the combustion chamber 2 and the coolant 3, because in this case no additional fixation of the coolant 3 is required.

A polymer composition which contains at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler is usually used as the material for the tubes 15 and for a monoblock 17. The component content of the composition is taken on the same considerations as for the layer of heat-absorbing material, which is in the form of Bulk material 13 is made of particles of a polymer composition.

An implementation problem of the coolant 3 in the form of a monoblock 17 is that with an increased (80-95%) filler content and a reduced (5-20%) binder content, the composition has poor procedural properties and that difficulties arise in forming the monoblock 17 with through-openings.

The fire extinguishing devices with the coolant 3, which is in the form of a bundle of a plurality of tubes 15 or a monoblock 17, are practically unlimited in their use. When using large fire extinguishing devices and for the purpose of simplifying the process of the solid charge 6, this can be carried out in the form of a few individual fire elements 19 (FIG. 10). In order to avoid excessive heating of the surface of the housing 1 of the fire extinguishing device by hot combustion products, the inner surface of the combustion chamber 2 (FIG. 11) is shielded in some cases by a seal 20 made of heat-absorbing material at least 1 mm thick. As a heat absorbing material for the seal 20 e.g. Asbestos or glass fiber reinforced plastic can be used. A composition can be used as the heat-absorbing material for the seal 20, the composition of which is identical to the heat-absorbing material of the coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products.

The seal 20 can e.g. in the form of rolled strip of material containing a component with a high endothermic decomposition effect.

Additional insulation of the housing 1 excludes the possibility of renewed ignition of flammable gases and liquids, which is particularly important when protecting the engine compartments of the means of transport. The heat insulating Seal 20 under 1 mm thick does not provide effective shielding of the housing 1.

So that the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing device is increased by the formation of two aerosol flows, the solid charge 6 (FIG. 12) should be accommodated in the central part of the combustion chamber 2, forming free spaces 7, 21 on both sides of the solid charge 6. In this case, the device contains a second coolant 22 for cooling the products of combustion and a second outlet means 23 for exiting the products of combustion, which are arranged analogously to the first means and correspondingly symmetrically arranged.

13 shows the basic circuit diagram of the automatic fire extinguishing system according to the invention.

The system has at least one fire extinguishing device 24 (a large number in the present example), described above, which contains a solid charge 6 made of aerosol-forming composition, a coolant 3 for cooling the combustion products, an outlet means 4 for exiting the combustion products, and one Detonator 8 contains the solid charge 6.

worin

m

= benötigte Masse aerosolbildender Zusammensetzung (in g) ist;

m₁

= die Masse aerosolbildender Zusammensetzung in einer Feuerlösch-Vorrichtung (g);

C

= die Feuerlösch-Aerosolkonzentration (g/m³);

V

= der zu schützende Raum (m³);

K

= das Vielfache eines Luftwechsels im zu schützenden Raum (m³/s);

t

= die Betriebszeit der Feuerlösch-Vorrichtung (s);

K₁

= der Vorratswert für Aerosolverluste in der Vorrichtung.

The fire extinguishing device is installed in the building space to be protected at the points of possible fire. The number of pieces in the system depends on the space of the object to be protected, the construction and the dimensions of the fire extinguishing device 24. The calculation of the number of pieces of fire extinguishing devices 24 required for the protection of a specific object in a system is carried out according to the formula as follows: $$\text{n =}\frac{\text{m}\hfill }{{\text{m}}_{\text{1}}\hfill }\text{=}\frac{{\text{CVKtK}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="m" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}}\text{;}$$

wherein

m

= required mass of aerosol-forming composition (in g);

m ₁

= the mass of aerosol forming composition in a fire extinguisher (g);

C.

= the fire extinguishing aerosol concentration (g / m ³ );

V

= the space to be protected (m ³ );

K

= the multiple of an air change in the room to be protected (m ³ / s);

t

= the operating time of the fire extinguishing device (s);

K ₁

= the stock value for aerosol losses in the device.

In the presence of some fire extinguishing devices 24, these are connected in parallel to a power source 25. The igniters 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24 are connected to the power source by at least one controllable switch 26. The 30-40 V DC supply is usually used as a current source 25.

Any microswitch that has a control input can be used as the controllable switch 26. Several controllable switches 26 are connected in parallel to one another, in the normal state they are interrupted; the power line of the igniter 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24 is also correspondingly switched off. If only one controllable switch 26 is connected, the power line (supply) of the igniter is also closed.

The control input 27 of each switch 26 is connected to the output 29 of the corresponding temperature sensor 28. The temperature sensors 28 are mounted at the locations where a fire can most likely form. The number of temperature sensors in the system depends on the space of the object to be protected.

Two buttons 30 of the system starter are connected in series to the circuit of the power source 25 and to the switches 26 connected in parallel, ie the response of all fire extinguishing devices 24 takes place either when both buttons 30 of the system starter are pressed or when the control signal from the output 29 of the temperature sensor 28 is signaled for at least one controllable switch 26.

Any sensor with an inertia of up to 1 second, which always gives a signal that is proportional to the ambient temperature at the output, or a sensor that responds when a certain temperature value is exceeded can be used as the temperature sensor 28.

An auxiliary power source is provided in the system, which is designed in the form of a capacitor 31 which is connected in parallel to the main power source 25 by means of a protective diode 32. When the main current source 25 is switched on, the capacitor 31 is in the charged state, it is charged up to the voltage level of the main current source 25. The protective diode 32 serves to preclude capacitor discharge of the capacitor 31 if the main current source 25 fails. The presence of capacitor 31 and protection diode 32 allows the system to function within 30 minutes after the main power source 25 fails.

In order to ensure the response of the system in the event of a long lack of power supply, a fast-acting timing fuse 33, directly connected to the solid charge 6, is provided. A fast-acting timing fuse 33 is usually a cord with a linear transmission rate of heat pulses of 80 to 300 mm / s. For example, a cord based on nitrocellulose, plasticized by azide plasticizers, etc. can be used. The cord 33 is housed where most likely a fire can form.

The fire extinguishing device shown in Figures 1-12 works as follows:

If an ignition occurs in a building room or a machine department that is to be protected against fire, the power source is switched on and direct current is supplied to the igniter. After the direct current is applied to the igniter 8, the solid charge 6 is ignited. During the burning of the solid charge 6, hot gaseous and highly disperse (approx. 1 mkm) condensed combustion products are formed which have the retarding properties and the aerosol (floating mixture condensed combustion products in gas). This aerosol is a fire extinguishing agent (agent). By firing the solid charge 6 in the combustion chamber 2, excess pressure is generated and aerosol comes through the passages 9 of the coolant 3 to cool the combustion products, where it is cooled. Through the openings 5, 10 of the outlet means 4 for the outlet of the combustion products, cooled aerosol comes out of the fire extinguishing device, fills the building space to be protected or the machine department and suppresses the chain reactions of the oxidation, thereby bringing about the spatial fire extinguishing mechanism.

The system works as follows. If ignition occurs in the building room or the machine department to be protected from fire, a control signal exceeding the response signal of the controllable switch 26 goes from the output 29 of at least one temperature sensor 28 to the control input 27 of the controllable switch 26. The controllable switch 26 closes the circuit of the supply of the Detonators 8 of the fire extinguishing devices 24, as a result of which these devices respond.

If for any reason the main power source malfunctions or turns off, the voltage in the system will be maintained by capacitor 31 within 30 minutes. If no temperature sensor 28 has responded, the system can be started manually by closing the two buttons 30 on the hand starter. If the If the supply is switched off for a long time or the temperature sensors do not respond, the system responds by igniting the cord 33 when the flame comes into direct contact with the fast-acting timing fuse 33. In this case, the igniter 8 is not required because the solid charge 6 of the fire extinguishing device is ignited directly by the cord 33.

A high effectiveness of the proposed automatic fire extinguishing system is confirmed by attempts to extinguish the engine of a motor vehicle.

example 1

An automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle. The volume of the engine compartment was 0.5 m ³ . The construction with a cylindrical steel housing and inner diameter of 52 mm, 80 mm high was used as the fire extinguishing device. The diameter of the solid charge was 18 mm. The mass of the aerosol-forming composition was 60 g. The burn time of the aerosol forming composition was 8 seconds. The coolant for cooling the combustion products was in the form of bulk material (gravel) with an average particle size of approx. 10 mm. The exit means for the exit of the combustion products were arranged in the form of plates 1.5 mm thick with openings of 4 mm in diameter on both sides of the coolant for cooling the combustion products. The number of openings was 35 in each plate.

The fire extinguishing concentration of the aerosol was tentatively calculated according to known methodology under conditions that the fire is extinguished within 5 seconds. The concentration was 30 g / m ³ . The multiple of an air change was determined experimentally and was 0.86 m ³ / s. The supply value for aerosol losses was 2 due to leaks in the engine compartment.

d.h., dass 4 Feuerlösch-Vorrichtungen benötigt werden. Demzufolge waren 4 Feuerlösch-Vorrichtungen an verschiedenen Stellen des Motorraums des Kraftfahrzeuges untergebracht. Den Versuchsergebnissen nach war deren optimale Anordnung definiert, die durch Verwirbelung des Aerosolstroms, dessen gleichmässige Verteilung über das ganze Volumen des Motorraums in minimalem Zeitabschnitt sicherstellen läßt.The number of fire extinguishing devices in the system required for fire protection of the engine compartment was according to formula (1) $$\text{n =}\frac{{\text{CVKtK}}_{\text{1}}}{{\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="m" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">m</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}}\text{=}\frac{\text{30 x 0.5 x 0.86 x 8 x 2}}{\text{60}}\text{=}\frac{\text{206.4}}{\text{60}}\text{= 3.44}$$

ie 4 fire extinguishing devices are required. As a result, 4 fire extinguishing devices were housed at different locations in the engine compartment of the motor vehicle. According to the test results, their optimal arrangement was defined, which can be ensured by swirling the aerosol flow, its uniform distribution over the entire volume of the engine compartment in a minimal period of time.

A temperature sensor was used as a temperature sensor, which contained a microswitch in its housing. The vehicle battery with 12 V voltage was used as the power source. The vehicle engine was doused with gasoline. At various points in the engine compartment, petrol tanks were housed as additional fireplaces. The total amount of petrol was 400 ml. The vehicle movement was modeled by supplying compressed air to the radiator from the compressor with air pressure of 1.5 at. (5 m ³ compressed air consumption).

The gasoline was lit; after it broke out in full flames, the hood was closed. Due to the action of the flames, the temperature sensor responded, the circuit closed, the power from the power source was fed to the detonators, which set the solid charges in the fire extinguishing devices on fire. After the hood was closed, the shimmer and tongues of the flame were observed through the radiator blind. When the aerosol-forming fire extinguishing composition was ignited, the space under the hood was filled with a lot of white smoke (ie aerosol) that came out through the blinds. The composition burned within 8 seconds, but that Fireplaces in the engine compartment were extinguished within 3-5 seconds from the start of the fire extinguishing system. After the hood was opened, unburned gasoline was observed in the containers when the engine was inspected.

Example 2

The test conditions were chosen exactly as in example 1.

The fire extinguishing devices were started up by pressing a button on a manual starter from the driver's cabin. The results were the same as in Example 1.

Claims (27)

1. Fire-fighting device comprising a housing (1) in which a combustion chamber (2) containing a solids charge (6) and an igniter (8) arranged in the vicinity of the solids charge (6) are accommodated, and also a cooling means for cooling the combustion products, which is designed in the form of a layer of heat-absorbing material and is arranged behind the combustion chamber (2) in the exit direction of the combustion products, characterized in that the solids charge (6) comprises an aerosol-forming composition, the combustion chamber volume exceeds the volume of the solids charge (6) by at least 30%, the solids charge is accommodated in the combustion chamber (2) to form a free space (7) opposite the layer of heat-absorbing material, where behind the layer of heat-absorbing material in the exit direction of the combustion products there are arranged means (4) for discharging the combustion products having openings (5) which are connected to the combustion chamber (2) by means of ducts (9) arranged in the layer of heat-absorbing material.
2. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the ducts (9) in the layer of heat-absorbing material is 0.25 - 0.7 times the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.
3. Fire-fighting device as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the total area of the openings (5) of the exit means for discharge of the combustion products is at least 0.25 times the cross-sectional area of the layer of heat-absorbing material.
4. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the exit means (4) for the discharge of the combustion products is configured in the form of a plate having openings (5) whose size is in each case at least 1.5 mm.
5. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 4, characterized in that in the vicinity of the plate there is arranged a mesh having cells (10) whose size is 1.5 - 25 mm.
6. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the combustion chamber (2) there is arranged a spacer to physically separate the solids charge (6) and the layer of heat-absorbing material.
7. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the spacer is designed in the form of a ring (11).
8. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 6, characterized in that the spacer is designed in the form of a spring (12).
9. Fire-fighting device as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the layer of heat-absorbing material used is loose material having a particle size of from 3 to 25 mm, with the cooling means (3) for cooling the combustion products being separated from the combustion chamber (2) by a second exit means (14) for discharge of the combustion products, analogous to the first exit means.
10. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the loose material used comprises metal particles.
11. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the loose material used comprises native minerals.
12. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the natural mineral used is gravel, aluminosilicates or oxides.
13. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the loose material used comprises particles of a polymer composition containing at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler.
14. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the polymer composition used is a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component having a high heat capacity or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component having a high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component having a high heat capacity and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer, a component having a high heat capacity and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect.
15. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 14, characterized in that the particles of the polymer composition are in the form of grains or cut tubes having a diameter of from 3 to 25 mm, with the grain or tube size being from 0.5 to 2.5 times their diameters.
16. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the loose material used is a mixture of metal particles, particles of natural mineral and particles of a polymer composition containing at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 to 95% by mass of filler, in any combinations and ratios.
17. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 9, characterized in that part of the loose material contains particles of an aerosol-forming composition, with the mass of aerosol-forming composition being 0.1 - 0.4 of the total mass of the loose material.
18. Fire-fighting device according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the layer of heat-absorbing material is designed in the form of a bundle of a multiplicity of tubes (15) which are oriented in the exit direction of the combustion products and extend over the entire length of the layer and in this layer form ducts (16) which connect the openings (5, 10) of the exit means (4) for discharge of the combustion products with the combustion chamber (2), with the cross-sectional size of the duct (16) of each tube (15) being 1.5 - 30 mm, and the cooling means (3) for cooling the combustion products being separated from the combustion chamber (2) by a second exit means for discharge of the combustion products having openings (5, 10) analogous to the first exit means.
19. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the layer of heat-absorbing material is configured in the form of a monolith (17) of hard material having ducts (18) which connect the openings (5) of the exit means (4) for discharge of the combustion products with the combustion chamber (2) and are designed in the form of channels in the monolith, with the cross-sectional size of each channel being 1.5 - 30 mm.
20. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the layer of heat-absorbing material is made of a polymer composition containing at least 5% by mass of binder and from 60 - 95% by mass of filler.
21. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 20, characterized in that the polymer composition used is a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component having a high heat capacity or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component having a high heat capacity, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized synthetic polymer and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized cellulose ether, a component having a high heat capacity and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect, or a mixture of plasticized polymer, a component having a high heat capacity and a component having a high endothermic decomposition effect.
22. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the solids charge (6) is in the form of at least two individual fuel bodies (19).
23. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the inner surface of the combustion chamber (2) is shielded by a seal (20) of heat-absorbing material having a thickness of at least 1 mm.
24. Fire-fighting device according to Claim 23, characterized in that the heat-absorbing material used is a polymer material.
25. Fire-fighting device according to any of Claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the solids charge (6) is accommodated in the central part of the combustion chamber (2) to form free spaces (7, 21) located on both sides of the solids charge (6) and the device is provided with a second cooling means (22) for cooling the combustion products and also with a second exit means (23) for discharge of the combustion products, analogous to the first cooling means and exit means and correspondingly arranged symmetrically.
26. Automatic fire-fighting system comprising at least one fire-fighting device (24) according to Claims 1 to 25 having its initiator connected to the main power source (25) via a normally operable, controllable switch (26) whose control actuator (27) is connected to the output (29) of a temperature sensor (28), characterized in that the fire-fighting device contains a solids charge (6) of aerosol-forming composition accommodated in the combustion chamber (2) and a cooling means for cooling the combustion products; the initiator of the fire-fighting device (24) is designed in the form of an igniter (8) of the solids charge (6) and there is present a reserve power source which is designed in the form of a capacitor (31) which is connected in parallel to the power source (25) via a protective diode (32).
27. Automatic fire-fighting system according to Claim 26, characterized in that the fire-fighting system (24) is provided with a rapid-acting time fuse (33) connected to the solids charge (6).

Images