EP0568448B1 - Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit externen Wärmetauschern gespeist durch interne Rezirkulation - Google Patents

Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit externen Wärmetauschern gespeist durch interne Rezirkulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0568448B1
EP0568448B1 EP93401095A EP93401095A EP0568448B1 EP 0568448 B1 EP0568448 B1 EP 0568448B1 EP 93401095 A EP93401095 A EP 93401095A EP 93401095 A EP93401095 A EP 93401095A EP 0568448 B1 EP0568448 B1 EP 0568448B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
internal
external
zone
lower zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401095A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0568448A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Vidal
Jean-Xavier Morin
Jean-Paul Tessier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stein Industrie SA
Original Assignee
Stein Industrie SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0568448A1 publication Critical patent/EP0568448A1/de
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Publication of EP0568448B1 publication Critical patent/EP0568448B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/12—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated exclusively within the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103—Cooling recirculating particles

Definitions

  • the circulating fluidized bed reactor is used today in thermal power plants and for ever higher powers.
  • the greatest power in service is 150 megawatts electric.
  • the external exchanger is supplied by a siphon preceded by a cyclone separating the solids discharged at the top of the upper zone of the reactor.
  • This external exchanger placed below the cyclone and the siphon is attached to the lower part of the lower zone, which has the drawback of preventing the injection of secondary air on one of the main faces of the reactor, thus limiting the distance between front and rear face of the reactor, therefore its power for a given rear face length.
  • the third is that indicated by STEIN INDUSTRIE in its European patent application No. EP-A-0 453 373, characterized by a drop in speed of the fluidization gases inside the reactor itself when passing a dense fluidized bed installed at an intermediate level of the reactor.
  • This drop in speed obtained thanks to a significant and quantified variation in the section of the reactor (ratio between 1.2 and 2) aims to improve combustion thanks to an increase in the recirculation of solid materials in the lower part of the reactor. .
  • This third type of reactor makes it possible, thanks to the existence of a heat exchanger in this internal dense fluidized bed, to reduce the exchange power of the internal panels of the first type of circulating fluidized bed or of the external exchangers of the second type of fluidized bed. circulating, but it does not generally make it possible to remove them, for high power units.
  • the present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a lower fluidized bed zone in rapid circulation provided with a fluidization grid, primary air inlet means below the grid, and injection means of secondary air above the grid, an upper zone with a fast circulating fluidized bed surrounded by reactor walls provided with cooling tubes, means for introducing fuel into the lower zone, one or more dense internal fluidized beds installed at the upper part of the lower zone on one or more faces of the reactor and making it possible to collect on the one hand the solids falling along the walls of the upper zone and on the other hand those originating from the fall in speed of the fluidization gases when passing through the internal dense fluidized bed or beds, the ratio of the cross section of the upper zone to that of the lower zone at the level of the internal bed or beds being between 1.05 and 2, the overflow of solid matter from this or these last beds being discharged into the lower zone.
  • the reactor according to the invention can easily be of limited height.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a front view of the reactor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a top view of the reactor of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a side view of the reactor of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a vertical view of the reactor of FIG. 1, according to IV-IV of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 schematically represents an enlarged and partial view of the reactor of FIG. 1, according to V-V of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 schematically represents another partial vertical view of the reactor of FIG. 1, according to VI-VI of FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C schematically represent a variant of the reactor according to the invention, respectively a side view, a top view and a front view.
  • FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C schematically show a second variant of the reactor according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C schematically represent a third variant of the reactor according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 schematically represents a variant in front view of a reactor according to the invention suitable for high power and comprising a lower zone divided into two parts.
  • FIG. 11 schematically represents a top view of the reactor of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 12 schematically represents a side view of the reactor of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 13 schematically represents an enlarged partial view of the reactor of FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 14 represents a water-steam diagram of the installation of which the reactor of FIG. 10 is a part.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 The circulating fluidized bed reactor, object of the invention, and intended for the combustion of carbonaceous materials is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • FIGS. 7, 8, 9 the arrangement of the internal dense fluidized beds 22, 23 and the external exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 may vary. Other nonlimiting examples involving the number or the relative situation of these devices are shown in FIGS. 7, 8, 9.
  • the internal dense fluidized beds 22 and 23 and the external exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 are on the same faces; in FIG. 8, the external exchangers 18 and 19 are installed on a single lateral face, the internal dense beds 22 and 23 being always installed on the front and rear faces; in FIG. 9, there is only one external exchanger 18 installed on a side face and an internal dense bed 22 installed on the front face.
  • the main interest of this new circulating fluidized bed reactor is to be able to install, thanks to the simplification of the connections, the external exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 at a level such that the lower zone 3 of the reactor is freed from both these external exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 and their connection with the reactor and therefore fully available to design and install the circuits which concern combustion (primary air, secondary air) and the return of solid materials from cyclones 7 installed at the outlet of the reactor.
  • This feature allows extrapolation to large powers as shown in the example below.
  • a high power circulating fluidized bed reactor (300 megawatts electric) is shown in Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13.
  • the thermal power exchanged is around 750 MW, broken down into 450 MW for the exchange with the internal tubular walls of the reactor (125 MW) and the external exchangers (325 MW), and 300 MW for the exchangers located in the envelope 4 and the air heaters 15.
  • the lower zone 3 is divided into two parts 3A and 3B which makes it possible to divide the width between the side faces 24 and 25 in two.
  • the width is a factor limiting the penetration of the secondary air jets 13 necessary for the production good combustion.
  • the primary air circuits 12, secondary 13 and the returns 9 of solid materials from the cyclones 7 are optimally arranged around the lower parts 3A and 3B by virtue of the installation in accordance with the principles set out in the preceding paragraphs of two dense fluidized beds internal 22 and 23 installed against the left and right side walls 24, 25 of the reactor and four external exchangers 18, 19, 20 and 21 attached to the outside of the reactor on the front and rear faces 34, 35, supplied with solid material by fluidized pipes 46, 47, 48, 49.
  • Each of the four exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 is divided into two (18A, 18B etc 7) by a central partition 50, 51, 52, 53, open at its upper part to allow the supply of solid matter from the downstream part by overflow.
  • the exchanger 18 is divided into two parts 18A and 18B, the part 18A is supplied from the internal dense fluidized bed 22 by the pipe 46, the part 18B is supplied by overflow at above the vertical partition 50, the upper level of which corresponds to 40A (FIG. 13), the solid matter falling into the lower part 3A of the reactor through the window 42, the lower level of which fixes the height of the fluidized bed of the part. 18B.
  • the internal dense fluidized beds 22 and 23 are equipped with fluidization grids 30, 31 through which the inert fluidization gases are blown by means 32, 33.
  • the external exchangers such as 18A, 18B, 20A, 20B, are equipped with fluidizing grids such as 36A, 36B, 37A, 37B through which fluidizing air is blown by means such as 38A, 38B, 39A, 39B etc ...
  • Figure 10 are shown the positions of the evaporator 56 consisting of the tubes 4 arranged as shown in Figure 1, on the inner walls of the reactor and those of the high temperature superheater 60, the low temperature reheater 61 and the economizer 55 in envelope 14.
  • FIG. 11 shows the arrangement of the devices in the external exchangers 18, 19, 20, 21 attached to the intermediate height of the reactor: the medium temperature superheaters 59 and evaporators 57 respectively in the external exchangers 20A and 21A, 20B and 21B, the high superheaters temperature 62 and low temperature superheaters 58 respectively in the external exchangers 18A and 19A, 18B and 19B.
  • the heat exchange between solid materials and vapor in the external exchangers 20 and 21 makes it possible to adjust the temperature of the reactor to 850 ° C. for example.
  • the heat exchange between solids and steam in the exchangers 18 and 19 makes it possible to adjust the temperature of the reheated steam to the chosen set value, 565 ° C. for example.
  • FIG. 10 clearly shows that the entire lower zone of the reactor is divided into two parts, each of which can be equipped, without any constraint due to the external exchangers, with its combustion circuits, in particular two or more levels of secondary air on its eight faces and returns of the four cyclones on its side faces.
  • each lower part 3A or 3B corresponds to a circulating fluidized bed reactor of 150 megawatts electric.
  • the example above corresponds to a power of 300 megawatts of electricity but a reactor according to the invention can be produced for a higher power, for example 600 megawatts of electricity by increasing the length of the lateral faces and the surface of the external exchangers on the front faces. and back.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Reaktor mit zirkulierender Wirbelschicht, der in einer unteren Zone (3) eine Wirbelschicht in schneller Zirkulation mit einem Wirbelschichtgitter (11), Mitteln (12) zur Zufuhr von Luft unterhalb des Gitters (11) und Mitteln (13) zur Einspeisung von Sekundärluft oberhalb des Gitters (11) besitzt, der in einer oberen Zone (2) eine Wirbelschicht in rascher Zirkulation besitzt, die von mit Kühlrohren (4) versehenen Wänden des Reaktors umgeben ist, wobei weiter Mittel zur Brennstoffzuführung (10) in die untere Zone (3) und eine oder mehrere dichte interne Wirbelschichten (22, 23) vorgesehen sind, die im oberen Bereich der unteren Zone (3) auf einer oder mehreren Seiten des Reaktors (1) installiert sind und einerseits die Feststoffe, die entlang der Wände der oberen Zone (2) herunterfallen, und andererseits die Feststoffe auffangen können, die vom Geschwindigkeitsabfall der Fluidisierungsgase beim Durchgang durch das oder die dichten internen Wirbelschichten (22, 23) stammen, wobei das Verhältnis (S/S') des Querschnitts (S) der oberen Zone (2) zu dem (S') der unteren Zone (3) in Höhe des oder der internen Wirbelschichten (22, 23) zwischen 1,05 und 2 liegt und der Überlauf an Feststoffen aus diesen internen Wirbelschichten (22, 23) in die untere Zone (3) gelangt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Reaktor mindestens einen äußeren Wärmetauscher (18, 19, 20, 21) mit einer dichten Wirbelschicht enthält, die an eine Wand des Reaktors (1) angebaut ist, wobei die Wirbelschicht mit Feststoffen vom Reaktor versorgt wird und diese Feststoffe in die untere Zone (3) nach der Wärmeabgabe an ein äußeres zu erwärmendes Fluid abgibt, daß der oder die äußeren Wärmetauscher (18, 19, 20, 21) oberhalb des Einlasses für Sekundärluft (13) und der Rückspeiseleitungen (9) angeordnet sind und mit Feststoffen durch die dichten internen Wirbelschichten (22, 23) versorgt werden und daß die Wände des Reaktors, die die untere Zone (3) umgeben, mit Kühlrohren (4) versehen sind.
  2. Reaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren Wärmetauscher (20, 21) zur Regelung der Betriebstemperatur des Reaktors dienen.
  3. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß manche der äußeren Wärmetauscher (18, 19 zur Regelung der Temperatur des überhitzten Dampfs in einem Heizkessel eines Kraftwerks dienen.
EP93401095A 1992-04-27 1993-04-27 Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit externen Wärmetauschern gespeist durch interne Rezirkulation Expired - Lifetime EP0568448B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9205165 1992-04-27
FR929205165A FR2690512B1 (fr) 1992-04-27 1992-04-27 Réacteur à lit fluidisé circulant comportant des échangeurs extérieurs alimentés par la recirculation interne.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0568448A1 EP0568448A1 (de) 1993-11-03
EP0568448B1 true EP0568448B1 (de) 1996-09-18

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EP93401095A Expired - Lifetime EP0568448B1 (de) 1992-04-27 1993-04-27 Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit externen Wärmetauschern gespeist durch interne Rezirkulation

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US5508007A (de)
EP (1) EP0568448B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0694201A (de)
CN (1) CN1051369C (de)
AT (1) ATE143118T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2094860A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ285056B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69304777T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0568448T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2092244T3 (de)
FI (1) FI931839A (de)
FR (1) FR2690512B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3021923T3 (de)
MX (1) MX9302383A (de)
PL (1) PL171124B1 (de)
RO (1) RO111033B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2104442C1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA932943B (de)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE146377T1 (de) † 1993-04-05 1997-01-15 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Wirbelbettreaktorsystem und methode zu dessen herstellung
US5660125A (en) * 1995-05-05 1997-08-26 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Circulating fluid bed steam generator NOx control
FR2735041B1 (fr) * 1995-06-07 1997-07-11 Gec Alsthom Stein Ind Reacteur a lits fluidises pour le traitement thermique des dechets
KR100417196B1 (ko) * 1995-11-15 2004-04-29 가부시키 가이샤 에바라 세이사꾸쇼 유동층반응기
JPH10253011A (ja) * 1997-03-13 1998-09-25 Hitachi Zosen Corp 燃焼装置
US6146007A (en) * 1998-03-20 2000-11-14 Cedarapids Inc. Asphalt plant having centralized media burner and low fugitive emissions
FR2802119B1 (fr) * 1999-12-08 2002-04-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de liaison entre un tube destine au chauffage et/ ou au refroidissement d'un reacteur sous pression et ledit reacteur
US6532905B2 (en) * 2001-07-17 2003-03-18 The Babcock & Wilcox Company CFB with controllable in-bed heat exchanger
CN100401003C (zh) * 2005-12-13 2008-07-09 江苏工业学院 紧凑式内循环流化床换热器
CN102317201B (zh) * 2008-12-17 2014-08-13 Memc电子材料有限公司 用于在流化床反应器中由氟硅酸盐生产四氟化硅的方法和体系
FI124762B (fi) * 2009-04-09 2015-01-15 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Kiertoleijupetikattila
CN102966943B (zh) * 2012-11-21 2015-05-20 华中科技大学 一种可变循环流化床化学链燃烧装置
US20170356642A1 (en) * 2016-06-13 2017-12-14 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Circulating fluidized bed boiler with bottom-supported in-bed heat exchanger
FR3065886B1 (fr) * 2017-05-05 2021-12-31 Ifp Energies Now Nouveau dispositif de distribution de melange polyphasique dans une enceinte comportant un milieu fluidise

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4594967A (en) * 1985-03-11 1986-06-17 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Circulating solids fluidized bed reactor and method of operating same
DK158531C (da) * 1985-06-13 1990-10-29 Aalborg Vaerft As Fremgangsmaade til kontinuerlig drift af en cirkulerende fluidiseret bed-reaktor samt reaktor til anvendelse ved udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden
DK120288D0 (da) * 1988-03-04 1988-03-04 Aalborg Boilers Fluidbed forbraendigsreaktor samt fremgangsmaade til drift af en fluidbed forbraendingsreaktor
FR2648550B1 (fr) * 1989-06-16 1995-01-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede et dispositif de regulation ou controle du niveau thermique d'un solide pulverulent comportant un echangeur de chaleur a compartiments en lit fluidise ou mobile
US5069170A (en) * 1990-03-01 1991-12-03 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and method having an integral recycle heat exchanger with inlet and outlet chambers
US5133943A (en) * 1990-03-28 1992-07-28 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and method having a multicompartment external recycle heat exchanger
FR2661113B1 (fr) * 1990-04-20 1993-02-19 Stein Industrie Dispositif de realisation d'une reaction entre un gaz et un materiau solide divise dans une enceinte.
US5069171A (en) * 1990-06-12 1991-12-03 Foster Wheeler Agency Corporation Fluidized bed combustion system and method having an integral recycle heat exchanger with a transverse outlet chamber
US5269263A (en) * 1992-09-11 1993-12-14 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor system and method of operating same
US5341766A (en) * 1992-11-10 1994-08-30 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method and apparatus for operating a circulating fluidized bed system
US5332553A (en) * 1993-04-05 1994-07-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Method for circulating solid material in a fluidized bed reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0568448T3 (da) 1996-10-07
EP0568448A1 (de) 1993-11-03
CN1051369C (zh) 2000-04-12
JPH0694201A (ja) 1994-04-05
ES2092244T3 (es) 1996-11-16
DE69304777T2 (de) 1997-01-30
FR2690512A1 (fr) 1993-10-29
US5508007A (en) 1996-04-16
CZ72293A3 (en) 1993-11-17
CZ285056B6 (cs) 1999-05-12
ZA932943B (en) 1993-11-01
CN1079293A (zh) 1993-12-08
DE69304777D1 (de) 1996-10-24
ATE143118T1 (de) 1996-10-15
FI931839A0 (fi) 1993-04-23
MX9302383A (es) 1993-10-01
RO111033B1 (ro) 1996-06-28
GR3021923T3 (en) 1997-03-31
PL298706A1 (en) 1993-11-02
FR2690512B1 (fr) 1994-09-09
CA2094860A1 (fr) 1993-10-28
RU2104442C1 (ru) 1998-02-10
PL171124B1 (pl) 1997-03-28
FI931839A (fi) 1993-10-28

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