EP0565112B1 - Method for controlling the operation of mechanical paper shredders - Google Patents
Method for controlling the operation of mechanical paper shredders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0565112B1 EP0565112B1 EP93105859A EP93105859A EP0565112B1 EP 0565112 B1 EP0565112 B1 EP 0565112B1 EP 93105859 A EP93105859 A EP 93105859A EP 93105859 A EP93105859 A EP 93105859A EP 0565112 B1 EP0565112 B1 EP 0565112B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- knife
- rollers
- knife rollers
- disks
- behavior
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
- B02C2018/0069—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with stripping devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring the function of mechanical paper shredders, in which the sheet material to be shredded is guided between rotating and intermeshing knife rollers.
- a mechanical paper shredder is known from EP-PS 0 184 786 B1 with which sheet material, in particular bank notes which are no longer fit for circulation, can be destroyed.
- the banknotes to be destroyed are fed to a cutting device by means of a transport system.
- the cutting device consists of two intermeshing knife rollers, which are rotatably mounted in a housing.
- the knife rollers have a plurality of knife disks which are separated from one another by spacer disks.
- the width of the knife disks is slightly smaller than that of the spacer disks, so that the knife disks of the rollers each protrude into the interstices of the other roller without touching them.
- the distance between two interlocking knife disks is significantly smaller than the thickness of the sheet material to be shredded.
- a banknote fed to the cutting device is cut in the longitudinal direction by the two intermeshing rotating knife rollers.
- the bank note is clamped between two intermeshing knife disks due to the existing distances and is cut or torn in the transverse direction by notches in the knife disks.
- the banknote is broken up into small rectangular snippets. Due to the tearing effect in the transverse direction, the paper structure is irreversibly destroyed. The assembly of such snippets with fraudulent intent can thus be excluded.
- the snippets are collected in a container.
- the collection container is connected to an air suction device, with the aid of which a targeted air flow can be generated in the cutting device.
- the air flow carries the banknote snippets created in the cutting process into the collection container, swirls them around and at the same time cools the cutting device.
- the risk of a jam caused by banknote snippets is thus eliminated, since snippets adhering to the knife rollers are entrained by the air flow.
- continuous operation of the cutting device is made possible by the contactlessly rotating, intermeshing knife rollers and by the cooling generated by the air storm.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an easy-to-carry out method for testing the functionality of mechanical paper shredders.
- the basic idea of the invention is to determine the run-out behavior of the rotating knife rollers that are no longer driven and to compare the determined values with predetermined values of clean knife rollers.
- the necessary maintenance measures can be initiated in good time before critical values are reached before a damage occurs.
- Control devices which monitor the operation of a paper shredder in order to avoid the damaging effects of a sudden blockage of the knife rollers for the motor and mechanics, e.g. B. because of a paper jam.
- a device known from DE-OS 34 12 306 can control various operating parameters of the engine, such as. B. the power consumption, the speed or the torque. This does not take into account a slow increase in output (starting the drive) or a slight or slow braking of the motor resulting from the material within the framework of normal deceleration. An abrupt, strong change in engine speed, z. B.
- control parameters are inevitably monitored in the operating state of the paper shredder, since a temporal fluctuation in the parameters caused by the supply of the material to be shredded is to be recorded. Strong relative changes in the current operating parameters are assessed. The cause of slow temporal fluctuations in the parameters is just as unimportant as the absolute values of the parameters.
- the method according to the invention is not carried out in the operating state of the paper shredder. Rather, the run-out behavior of the possibly dirty knife rollers to be tested is determined immediately after the paper shredder is switched off. This runout behavior is compared with the runout behavior of functional, unpolluted knife rollers, ie a check of absolute values is carried out. By comparing the runout behavior, the degree of soiling of the knife rollers, and thus a defined cause for the change in the runout behavior of the paper shredder currently being tested, can be deduced directly. The degree of contamination of the knife rollers is therefore directly related to the friction of the knife rollers. This shortens the run-down time or reduces the speed of the knife rollers faster.
- the choice of the measurement phase and the defined boundary conditions thereby ensure that the changed run-off behavior is only brought about by the increasing pollution over time.
- the functional test according to the invention takes place in the unloaded state of the knife rollers, so that fluctuating, unpredictable parameters that are present during the operation of the paper shredder are certainly not included in the functional test. Such unpredictable fluctuations are caused, for example, by different types of sheet material.
- the degree of contamination is therefore deduced from the leakage behavior (e.g. the shortened drainage time).
- the only requirement is that the other parameters that determine the runout behavior of the functional, unpurified knife rollers (e.g. friction in the bearings) remain constant. However, as practice shows, this is usually the case. It is therefore possible that the changed runout behavior can be attributed to the increased degree of contamination, since the degree of contamination is the only variable value that is included in the measurement.
- the determined runout behavior of the tested knife rollers is compared with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers.
- This cleaning can be done by completely replacing the dirty knife rollers with clean knife rollers.
- the dirty knife rollers are cleaned after the exchange (for example in an ultrasonic bath), so that they can be used as a clean knife roller unit for the next exchange.
- the built-in knife rollers can of course also be cleaned mechanically, for example by inserting a comb-shaped cleaning element between the unloaded, rotating knife rollers. This has the advantage that the knife rollers do not have to be replaced at least over a longer period of time.
- the increase in pollution is a continuous process, and the degree of pollution that requires cleaning only occurs after a long period of time. As has been shown, this period is from a few days to a few weeks.
- the functional test of the knife rollers must therefore be repeated in a time interval that is significantly shorter than the smallest period of experience, which elapses before the critical degree of contamination is reached.
- the leakage behavior should not be measured so frequently that the efficiency of the z.
- B. paper shredder installed in a sorting system is noticeably impaired by excessive dead times. Since the smallest period of time that elapses before the critical degree of soiling is reached, it is sufficient to test the current run-out behavior once a day and to compare it with the functioning knife rollers.
- This measure which is easy to carry out, achieves a high degree of safety in monitoring the functionality, without reducing the efficiency of the device.
- the knife rollers mounted in two bearings 80 each consist of a plurality of knife disks 84 which are separated from one another by spacer disks 82 and which are arranged on an axle body 81.
- the width of the knife disks 84 is slightly smaller than that of the spacer disks, so that the knife disks of the second roller 52 do not touch the knife disks of the first roller 51 when they interlock.
- the distance between two interacting knife rollers is significantly smaller than the usual banknote thickness, so that a secure clamping of the banknotes between the knife disks, which is a prerequisite for a perfect snipping, is guaranteed.
- stripping plates 98 are arranged in the gaps between the knife disks.
- the scraper plates 98 attached to the mandrels 97 are dimensioned and fastened in such a way that they cannot rub against the rotating knife disks 84 or against the spacer disks 82.
- the sheets 98 possibly remove banknote snippets still adhering to the knife rollers 51, 52.
- the knife rollers 51, 52 are provided on their circumference with several sharp-edged notches so that they also cut or tear the banknotes and in the transverse direction in cooperation with the disks of the second knife roller.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2, the knife disks 84 separated by spacer disks 82.
- the knife disks 84 do not touch.
- the stripping plates 98 lie without contact with all the elements.
- the grease and dye-containing particles which occur when the banknotes come into contact with the knife rollers 51, 52 and due to the tearing process contaminate the interstices 100 of the rotating and interlocking knife rollers and cannot be removed by the scraper plates 98 (any more than by a directed air flow).
- the running of the knife rollers is inhibited by the layer of dirt that accumulates over time. This inhibition changes the runout behavior of the knife rollers (shorter runtime or faster drop in the knife roller speed etc.).
- the changed runout behavior is determined and compared with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers. Depending on the result of the comparison, cleaning measures are taken.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a measuring device for determining the current runout behavior and for comparison with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers.
- the current expiry time is easy to measure.
- a circular disk 104 is placed on the axle body 81 so that the center points of the axle 81 and the disk 104 coincide.
- the disk 104 is provided with holes 106 at equidistant intervals on a circumference.
- the axis 81 - and thus the disk 104 and the knife roller (not shown for the sake of simplicity) - is set in rotation by the motor 110 via a toothed belt 108.
- the belt 108 connects the motor axis 112 to the knife roller axis 81 in a slip-free manner. If the knife roller is excessively inhibited in its run by dirt and the entire torque of the motor is transferred to the belt, the belt 108 tears when overloaded.
- the holes 106 in the measuring electronics 114 generate pulses through a light barrier contained therein.
- the length of the time interval between the pulses is inversely proportional to the speed of the disk 104.
- the measurement of the deceleration time begins when the measuring electronics 114 receives the first signal.
- the measurement is ended when a predetermined time has passed after the reception of a signal and no new signal has been received within this period.
- the predetermined time can be calculated and is determined by the length of time between two received signals when the disk 104 is already rotating at a very low angular velocity.
- the actual value of the run-out time of the tested knife rollers obtained from the current measurement is fed to a comparator 116. Furthermore, a stored target value of the previously measured run-down time of functional knife rollers is fed to this comparator. The comparator 116 compares the target value with the actual value, for example by forming differences.
- the knife rollers are rated as clean. Otherwise the cleaning of the knife rollers has to be started.
- the result of the comparison is shown on the display 118, for example in the form of a cleaning yes / no instruction.
- the method described above is carried out immediately before or after daily use of the paper shredder, so that it can be cleaned if necessary before it is used again.
- the above measurement method is only an example.
- the time elapsed before the speed has dropped to a predetermined value can also be determined. This shortens due to the pollution-related friction and can be compared with the corresponding time of functional knife rollers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Funktionsüberwachung von mechanischen Papiervernichtern, bei denen das zu vernichtende Blattgut zwischen rotierende und ineinandergreifende Messerwalzen geführt wird.The invention relates to a method for monitoring the function of mechanical paper shredders, in which the sheet material to be shredded is guided between rotating and intermeshing knife rollers.
Aus der EP-PS 0 184 786 B1 ist ein mechanischer Papiervernichter bekannt, mit dem Blattgut, insbesondere nicht mehr umlauffähige Banknoten, zerstört werden kann. Die zu vernichtenden Banknoten werden hierfür mittels eines Transportsystems einer Schneideeinrichtung zugeführt. Die Schneideeinrichtung besteht aus zwei ineinandergreifenden Messerwalzen, die in einem Gehäuse drehbar gelagert sind. Die Messerwalzen weisen mehrere, durch Abstandsscheiben voneinander getrennte Messerscheiben auf. Die Breite der Messerscheiben ist geringfügig kleiner als die der Abstandsscheiben, so daß die Messerscheiben der Walzen jeweils in die Zwischenräume der anderen Walze hineinragen, ohne diese zu berühren. Andererseits ist der Abstand zwischen zwei ineinandergreifenden Messerscheiben deutlich kleiner als die Dicke des zu vernichtenden Blattguts.A mechanical paper shredder is known from EP-PS 0 184 786 B1 with which sheet material, in particular bank notes which are no longer fit for circulation, can be destroyed. For this purpose, the banknotes to be destroyed are fed to a cutting device by means of a transport system. The cutting device consists of two intermeshing knife rollers, which are rotatably mounted in a housing. The knife rollers have a plurality of knife disks which are separated from one another by spacer disks. The width of the knife disks is slightly smaller than that of the spacer disks, so that the knife disks of the rollers each protrude into the interstices of the other roller without touching them. On the other hand, the distance between two interlocking knife disks is significantly smaller than the thickness of the sheet material to be shredded.
Eine der Schneidevorrichtung zugeführte Banknote wird durch die zwei ineinandergreifenden rotierenden Messerwalzen in Längsrichtung zerschnitten. Darüber hinaus wird die Banknote aufgrund der vorliegenden Abstände zwischen zwei ineinandergreifende Messerscheiben eingeklemmt und durch Einkerbungen in den Messerscheiben in Querrichtung zerschnitten bzw. zerrissen. Insgesamt wird die Banknote in kleine rechteckige Schnipsel zerstückelt. Aufgrund des Zerreißeffekts in Querrichtung wird das Papiergefüge irreversibel zerstört. Das Zusammensetzen derartiger Schnipsel in betrügerischer Absicht kann somit ausgeschlossen werden.A banknote fed to the cutting device is cut in the longitudinal direction by the two intermeshing rotating knife rollers. In addition, the bank note is clamped between two intermeshing knife disks due to the existing distances and is cut or torn in the transverse direction by notches in the knife disks. Overall, the banknote is broken up into small rectangular snippets. Due to the tearing effect in the transverse direction, the paper structure is irreversibly destroyed. The assembly of such snippets with fraudulent intent can thus be excluded.
Nach dem Zerstörungsvorgang werden die Schnipsel in einem Behälter gesammelt. Zur Unterstützung des Sammelvorgangs ist der Sammelbehälter an eine Luftabsaugeinrichtung angeschlossen, mit deren Hilfe ein gezielter Luftstrom in der Schneideeinrichtung erzeugt werden kann. Der Luftstrom trägt die im Schneidevorgang entstehenden Banknotenschnipsel in den Sammelbehälter, wirbelt sie durcheinander und kühlt gleichzeitig die Schneideeinrichtung. Die Gefahr eines durch Banknotenschnipsel herbeigeführten Staus ist somit ausgeschlossen, da eventuell an den Messerwalzen haftende Schnipsel durch den Luftstrom mitgerissen werden. Ferner wird durch die berührungslos rotierenden, ineinandergreifenden Messerwalzen und durch die durch den Luftstorm erzeugte Kühlung ein Dauerbetrieb der Schneideeinrichtung ermöglicht.After the destruction process, the snippets are collected in a container. To support the collection process, the collection container is connected to an air suction device, with the aid of which a targeted air flow can be generated in the cutting device. The air flow carries the banknote snippets created in the cutting process into the collection container, swirls them around and at the same time cools the cutting device. The risk of a jam caused by banknote snippets is thus eliminated, since snippets adhering to the knife rollers are entrained by the air flow. Furthermore, continuous operation of the cutting device is made possible by the contactlessly rotating, intermeshing knife rollers and by the cooling generated by the air storm.
Beim Betrieb derartiger bekannter Schneidevorrichtungen hat man nun festgestellt, daß an den Messerwalzen Verunreinigungen entstehen, die auch durch einen gezielten Luftstrom nicht zu beseitigen sind. Die Verunreinigungen kommen wohl in erster Linie durch die während des Schneidevorgangs zwischen den Messerscheiben eingeklemmten Banknoten zustande. In der Phase, in der die Banknotenstreifen in Querrichtung zerrissen werden, sind sie zwischen den Messerscheiben eingeklemmt, dabei arbeitet die Schneideeinrichtung nicht mehr berührungslos. Vielmehr reiben die zu zerstückelnden Banknoten beidseitig an den Messerscheiben, wodurch sich die Wärmeentwicklung in der ansonsten reibungslos arbeitenden Scheideeinrichtung lokal erhöht und die Ablagerung von fett- und farbhaltigen Papierpartikeln von verschmutzten Banknoten begünstigt wird. Dies kann auch durch den gezielten Luftstrom nicht verhindert werden, zumal während des Schneidevorgangs die Wirkung des Luftstroms zwischen den Messerscheiben ohnehin zu vernachlässigen ist.In the operation of such known cutting devices, it has now been found that contamination occurs on the knife rollers, which cannot be removed even by a targeted air flow. The contamination is mainly due to the banknotes being jammed between the cutting discs during the cutting process. In the phase in which the banknote strips are torn in the transverse direction, they are clamped between the knife disks, the cutting device no longer works without contact. Rather, the banknotes to be dismembered rub against the knife disks on both sides, which locally increases the heat development in the otherwise smoothly operating cutting device and promotes the deposition of grease and color-containing paper particles from soiled banknotes. This cannot be prevented by the targeted air flow either, especially since the effect of the air flow between the knife disks can be neglected in any case during the cutting process.
Insbesondere bei der Zerstörung stark verschmutzter Banknoten verschmieren die Zwischenräume der rotierenden und ineinandergreifenden Messerwalzen im Laufe der Zeit so stark, daß die Funktion des Papiervernichters in Frage gestellt sein kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß ohne die Einleitung von Gegenmaßnahmen der Lauf stark verschmutzter Messerwalzen zur Schädigung des Antriebsmotors bzw. bis zum Zerreißen des Antriebsriemens der Messerwalzen führen kann.Particularly when heavily soiled banknotes are destroyed, the gaps between the rotating and intermeshing knife rollers become so smeared over time that the function of the paper shredder can be called into question. It has been shown that, without taking countermeasures, the run of heavily soiled knife rollers can damage the drive motor or even tear the drive belt of the knife rollers.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfach durchzuführendes Verfahren zur Prüfung der Funktionstüchtigkeit von mechanischen Papiervernichtern anzugeben.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an easy-to-carry out method for testing the functionality of mechanical paper shredders.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Hauptanspruchs genannten Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of the main claim.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht in der Ermittlung des Auslaufverhaltens der nicht mehr angetriebenen, rotierenden Messerwalzen und dem Vergleich der ermittelten Werte mit vorgegebenen Werten sauberer Messerwalzen.The basic idea of the invention is to determine the run-out behavior of the rotating knife rollers that are no longer driven and to compare the determined values with predetermined values of clean knife rollers.
In Abhängigkeit vom jeweiligen Leerlauf- bzw. Auslaufverhalten der zu prüfenden Messerwalzen können so vor Erreichen kritischer Werte rechtzeitig die notwendigen Wartungsmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden, bevor ein Schadensfall eintritt.Depending on the respective idling or runout behavior of the knife rollers to be tested, the necessary maintenance measures can be initiated in good time before critical values are reached before a damage occurs.
Es sind Kontrolleinrichtungen bekannt, die den Betrieb eines Papiervernichters überwachen, um schädliche Auswirkungen eines plötzlichen Blockierens der Messerwalzen für Motor und Mechanik, z. B. wegen eines Papierstaus, zu begrenzen. Eine aus der DE-OS 34 12 306 bekannte Einrichtung kann verschiedenartige Betriebsparameter des Motors kontrollieren, wie z. B. die Leistungsaufnahme, die Drehzahl oder das Drehmoment. Hierbei bleibt ein langsamer Leistungsanstieg (Anfahren des Antriebs) oder eine sich im Rahmen normaler Verzögerung ergebende geringe oder langsame Abbremsung des Motors durch das Material unberücksichtigt. Eine abrupte, starke Änderung der Motordrehzahl, bewirkt z. B. durch eine Blockade der Messerwalzen, führt bei Unterschreitung eines kritischen Schwellenwertes jedoch zur Abschaltung des Motors bzw. entkoppelt die Verbindung zwischen der Motorwelle und den Messerwalzen. Die Überwachung der Kontrollparameter findet zwangsläufig im Betriebszustand des Papiervernichters statt, da eine zeitliche Schwankung der Parameter, bewirkt durch die Zuführung des zu vernichtenden Gutes erfaßt werden soll. Bewertet werden starke relative Änderungen der aktuellen Betriebsparameter. Die Ursache von langsamen zeitlichen Schwankungen der Parameter ist ebenso nebensächlich wie die Absolutwerte der Parameter.Control devices are known which monitor the operation of a paper shredder in order to avoid the damaging effects of a sudden blockage of the knife rollers for the motor and mechanics, e.g. B. because of a paper jam. A device known from DE-OS 34 12 306 can control various operating parameters of the engine, such as. B. the power consumption, the speed or the torque. This does not take into account a slow increase in output (starting the drive) or a slight or slow braking of the motor resulting from the material within the framework of normal deceleration. An abrupt, strong change in engine speed, z. B. by a blockage of the knife rollers, however, leads to a shutdown of the motor when the temperature falls below a critical threshold or decouples the connection between the motor shaft and the knife rollers. The control parameters are inevitably monitored in the operating state of the paper shredder, since a temporal fluctuation in the parameters caused by the supply of the material to be shredded is to be recorded. Strong relative changes in the current operating parameters are assessed. The cause of slow temporal fluctuations in the parameters is just as unimportant as the absolute values of the parameters.
Im Gegensatz dazu wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nicht im Betriebszustand des Papiervernichters ausgeführt. Vielmehr wird unmittelbar nach dem Ausschalten des Papiervernichters das Auslaufverhalten der zu prüfenden, eventuell verschmutzten Messerwalzen ermittelt. Dieses Auslaufverhalten wird dem Auslaufverhalten funktionstüchtiger, unbeschmutzter Messerwalzen gegenübergestellt, d. h. es wird eine Überprüfung von Absolutwerten vorgenommen. Durch einen Vergleich der Auslaufverhalten kann unmittelbar auf den Verschmutzungsgrad der Messerwalzen, und damit auf eine definierte Ursache für die Änderung des Auslaufverhaltens des aktuell geprüften Papiervernichters, geschlossen werden. Der jeweilige Verschmutzungsgrad der Messerwalzen steht also in direktem Zusammenhang zur Reibung der Messerwalzen. Dadurch verkürzt sich die Auslaufzeit bzw. sinkt die Drehzahl der Messerwalzen schneller ab.In contrast, the method according to the invention is not carried out in the operating state of the paper shredder. Rather, the run-out behavior of the possibly dirty knife rollers to be tested is determined immediately after the paper shredder is switched off. This runout behavior is compared with the runout behavior of functional, unpolluted knife rollers, ie a check of absolute values is carried out. By comparing the runout behavior, the degree of soiling of the knife rollers, and thus a defined cause for the change in the runout behavior of the paper shredder currently being tested, can be deduced directly. The degree of contamination of the knife rollers is therefore directly related to the friction of the knife rollers. This shortens the run-down time or reduces the speed of the knife rollers faster.
Durch die Wahl der Meßphase und durch die dadurch vorliegenden definierten Randbedingungen ist sichergestellt, daß das veränderte Auslaufverhalten ausschließlich durch die im Laufe der Zeit zunehmende Verschmutzung bewirkt wird. So findet die erfindungsgemäße Funktionsprüfung im unbelasteten Zustand der Messerwalzen statt, so daß schwankende, nicht vorhersagbare Parameter, die während des Betriebs des Papiervernichters vorliegen, mit Sicherheit keinen Eingang in die Funktionsprüfung finden. Solche unvorhersagbaren Schwankungen werden beispielsweise durch verschiedenartiges Blattgut verursacht.The choice of the measurement phase and the defined boundary conditions thereby ensure that the changed run-off behavior is only brought about by the increasing pollution over time. Thus, the functional test according to the invention takes place in the unloaded state of the knife rollers, so that fluctuating, unpredictable parameters that are present during the operation of the paper shredder are certainly not included in the functional test. Such unpredictable fluctuations are caused, for example, by different types of sheet material.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird also vom Auslaufverhalten (z. B. die verkürzte Auslaufzeit) auf den Grad der Verschmutzung geschlossen. Vorausgesetzt wird dabei lediglich, daß die anderen Parameter, die das Auslaufverhalten der funktionstüchtigen, unverschmutzten Messerwalzen bestimmen (z. B. Reibung in den Lagern) konstant bleiben. Dies ist aber, wie die Praxis zeigt, in der Regel der Fall. Somit ist es möglich, daß geänderte Auslaufverhalten auf den erhöhten Verschmutzungsgrad zurückzuführen, da der Verschmutzungsgrad als einzig variabler Wert in die Messung eingeht. Das ermittelte Auslaufverhalten der geprüften Messerwalzen wird in einem zweiten Schritt dem Auslaufverhalten funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen gegenübergestellt.In the method according to the invention, the degree of contamination is therefore deduced from the leakage behavior (e.g. the shortened drainage time). The only requirement is that the other parameters that determine the runout behavior of the functional, unpurified knife rollers (e.g. friction in the bearings) remain constant. However, as practice shows, this is usually the case. It is therefore possible that the changed runout behavior can be attributed to the increased degree of contamination, since the degree of contamination is the only variable value that is included in the measurement. In a second step, the determined runout behavior of the tested knife rollers is compared with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers.
Eventuelle Abweichungen im Auslaufverhalten werden anhand vorgegebener Toleranzbereiche bewertet. Ist z. B. die aktuell ermittelte Auslaufzeit beispielsweise auf die Hälfte der Auslaufzeit eines funktionstüchtigen Papiervernichters abgesunken, so läßt dies auf einen Verschmutzungsgrad schließen, der die Einleitung einer Reinigung der Messerwalzen notwendig macht.Any deviations in the run-out behavior are assessed on the basis of predetermined tolerance ranges. Is z. B. the currently determined run-down time has dropped, for example, to half the run-down time of a functional paper shredder, this suggests a degree of soiling that makes it necessary to initiate cleaning of the knife rollers.
Diese Reinigung kann durch einen kompletten Austausch der verschmutzten Messerwalzen gegen saubere Messerwalzen vorgenommen werden. Die verschmutzten Messerwalzen werden nach dem Austausch gereinigt (beispielsweise im Ultraschallbad), um dann für den nächsten Austausch als saubere Messerwalzeneinheit zur Verfügung zu stehen. Alternativ dazu kann die Reinigung der eingebauten Messerwalzen natürlich auch auf mechanische Art und Weise durchgeführt werden, beispielsweise durch das Einfahren eines kammförmigen Reinigungselementes zwischen die unbelasteten, rotierenden Messerwalzen. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Messerwalzen zumindest über einen längeren Zeitraum nicht ausgewechselt zu werden brauchen.This cleaning can be done by completely replacing the dirty knife rollers with clean knife rollers. The dirty knife rollers are cleaned after the exchange (for example in an ultrasonic bath), so that they can be used as a clean knife roller unit for the next exchange. Alternatively, the built-in knife rollers can of course also be cleaned mechanically, for example by inserting a comb-shaped cleaning element between the unloaded, rotating knife rollers. This has the advantage that the knife rollers do not have to be replaced at least over a longer period of time.
Die Zunahme der Verschmutzung ist ein kontinuierlicher Prozeß, wobei der eine Reinigung notwendig machende Grad der Verschmutzung erst nach einem längeren Zeitraum eintritt. Dieser Zeitraum beträgt, wie sich gezeigt hat, einige Tage bis einige Wochen. Die Funktionsprüfung der Messerwalzen ist also in einem Zeitintervall zu wiederholen, das deutlich kleiner ist als der erfahrungsgemäß kleinste Zeitraum, der bis zur Erreichung des kritischen Verschmutzungsgrades verstreicht. Andererseits sollte die Messung des Auslaufverhaltens nicht so häufig erfolgen, daß die Effizienz des z. B. in eine Sortieranlage eingebauten Papiervernichters durch zu hohe Todzeiten merklich beeinträchtigt wird. Da der kleinste Zeitraum, der bis zur Erreichung des kritischen Verschmutzungsgrades verstreicht, einige Tage beträgt, ist es ausreichend, das aktuelle Auslaufverhalten täglich einmal zu testen und dem Auslaufverhalten funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen gegenüberzustellen.The increase in pollution is a continuous process, and the degree of pollution that requires cleaning only occurs after a long period of time. As has been shown, this period is from a few days to a few weeks. The functional test of the knife rollers must therefore be repeated in a time interval that is significantly shorter than the smallest period of experience, which elapses before the critical degree of contamination is reached. On the other hand, the leakage behavior should not be measured so frequently that the efficiency of the z. B. paper shredder installed in a sorting system is noticeably impaired by excessive dead times. Since the smallest period of time that elapses before the critical degree of soiling is reached, it is sufficient to test the current run-out behavior once a day and to compare it with the functioning knife rollers.
Durch diese einfach durchzuführende Maßnahme wird ein hohes Maß an Sicherheit in der Überwachung der Funktionstüchtigkeit erreicht, ohne die Effizienz der Vorrichtung zu schmälern.This measure, which is easy to carry out, achieves a high degree of safety in monitoring the functionality, without reducing the efficiency of the device.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung sind den Figuren und der dazugehörigen Beschreibung zu entnehmen.Further advantages of the invention can be found in the figures and the associated description.
Darin zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Schneideeinrichtung
- Fig. 2
- eine Messerwalze im Längsschnitt
- Fig. 3
- eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Fig. 2 und
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung einer Meßvorrichtung
- Fig. 1
- a cutting device
- Fig. 2
- a knife roller in longitudinal section
- Fig. 3
- an enlarged detail of FIGS. 2 and
- Fig. 4
- a schematic representation of a measuring device
Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zeigen eine Schneidevorrichtung. Die in jeweils zwei Lagern 80 gelagerten Messerwalzen bestehen aus mehreren, durch Abstandsscheiben 82 voneinander getrennte Messerscheiben 84, die auf einem Achskörper 81 angeordnet sind. Die Breite der Messerscheiben 84 ist geringfügig kleiner als die der Abstandsscheiben, so daß sich die Messerscheiben der zweiten Walze 52 mit den Messerscheiben der ersten Walze 51 beim Ineinandergreifen nicht berühren. Andererseits ist der Abstand zweier zusammenwirkender Messerwalzen bedeutend kleiner als die übliche Banknotendicke, so daß eine sichere Klemmung der Banknoten zwischen den Messerscheiben, die für einen einwandfreie Schnipselung Voraussetzung ist, gewährleistet wird.1 and 2 show a cutting device. The knife rollers mounted in two
Wie der Fig. 1 weiter entnehmbar ist, sind in den Lücken zwischen den Messerscheiben Abstreifbleche 98 angeordnet. Die an den Dornen 97 angebrachten Abstreifbleche 98 sind so dimensioniert und befestigt, daß sie weder an den rotierenden Messerscheiben 84 noch an den Abstandsscheiben 82 reiben können. Die Bleche 98 entfernen eventuell noch an den Messerwalzen 51, 52 haftende Banknotenschnipsel.As can also be seen in FIG. 1, stripping
Die Messerwalzen 51, 52 sind an ihrem Umfang mit mehreren scharfkantigen Einkerbungen so versehen, daß sie in Zusammenwirkung mit den Scheiben der zweiten Messerwalze die Banknoten auch und in Querrichtung zerschneiden bzw. zerreißen.The
Fig. 3 zeigt in einer Ausschnittsvergrößerung der Fig. 2 die durch Abstandsscheiben 82 getrennten Messerscheiben 84. Bei der Rotation der ineinandergreifenden Messerwalzen berühren sich die Messerscheiben 84 nicht. In den durch die Messerscheiben 84 und durch die Abstandselemente 82 begrenzten Raum liegen, berührungsfrei zu allen Elementen, die Abstreifbleche 98. Die bei der Berührung der Banknoten mit den Messerwalzen 51, 52 und durch den Zerreißvorgang anfallenden fett- und farbstoffhaltigen Partikel verschmutzen die Zwischenräume 100 der rotierenden und ineinandergreifenden Messerwalzen und können auch durch die Abstreifbleche 98 (ebensowenig wie durch einen gerichteten Luftstrom) nicht beseitigt werden.FIG. 3 shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 2, the
Der Lauf der Messerwalzen wird durch die sich im Laufe der Zeit anlagernde Schmutzschicht gehemmt. Diese Hemmung verändert das Auslaufverhalten der Messerwalzen (kürzere Auslaufzeit bzw. schnelleres Absinken der Messerwalzendrehzahl etc.). Das geänderte Auslaufverhalten wird ermittelt und dem Auslaufverhalten funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen gegenübergestellt. Abhängig von dem Ergebnis der Gegenüberstellung werden Reinigungsmaßnahmen ergriffen.The running of the knife rollers is inhibited by the layer of dirt that accumulates over time. This inhibition changes the runout behavior of the knife rollers (shorter runtime or faster drop in the knife roller speed etc.). The changed runout behavior is determined and compared with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers. Depending on the result of the comparison, cleaning measures are taken.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Meßvorrichtung zur Ermittlung des aktuellen Auslaufverhaltens und zur Gegenüberstellung mit dem Auslaufverhalten funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen.FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a measuring device for determining the current runout behavior and for comparison with the runout behavior of functional knife rollers.
Insbesondere wird in der dargestellten Meßvorrichtung zur Ermittlung des aktuellen Auslaufverhaltens die Tatsache genutzt, daß sich die aktuelle Auslaufzeit der Messerwalzen nach Abschaltung des Papiervernichters mit zunehmender Reibung aufgrund zunehmender Verschmutzung verkürzt.In particular, the fact that the current runout time of the knife rollers shortens with increasing friction due to increasing soiling after switching off the paper shredder is used in the measuring device shown to determine the current runout behavior.
Die aktuelle Auslaufzeit ist einfach meßbar. Dazu wird auf dem Achskörper 81 eine kreisrunde Scheibe 104 so aufgesetzt, daß die Mittelpunkte der Achse 81 und der Scheibe 104 zusammenfallen. Die Scheibe 104 ist in äquidistanten Abständen auf einem Kreisumfang mit Löchern 106 versehen. Die Achse 81 - und damit die Scheibe 104 und die der Einfachheit halber nicht eingezeichnete Messerwalze - wird über einen Zahnriemen 108 von dem Motor 110 in Rotation versetzt. Der Riemen 108 verbindet die Motorachse 112 schlupffrei mit der Messerwalzenachse 81. Wenn die Messerwalze in ihrem Lauf durch Verschmutzung zu stark gehemmt ist und sich das gesamte Drehmoment des Motors auf den Riemen überträgt, kommt es bei Überlastung zum Zerreißen des Riemens 108.The current expiry time is easy to measure. For this purpose, a
Versetzt man die Taktscheibe 104 in Rotation, so erzeugen die Löcher 106 in der Meßelektronik 114 durch eine dort enthaltene Lichtschranke Impulse. Die Länge des Zeitintervalls zwischen den Impulsen ist umgekehrt proportional zu der Drehzahl der Scheibe 104.If the
Die Messung der Auslaufzeit beginnt, wenn die Meßelektronik 114 das erste Signal empfängt. Die Messung wird beendet, wenn nach dem Empfang eines Signals eine vorbestimmte Zeit verstrichen ist und innerhalb dieser Zeitspanne kein neues Signal empfangen wurde. Die vorbestimmte Zeit ist berechenbar und durch die Dauer des Auseinanderliegens zweier empfangener Signale bestimmt, wenn sich die Scheibe 104 schon mit einer sehr geringen Winkelgeschwindigkeit dreht.The measurement of the deceleration time begins when the measuring
Der aus der aktuellen Messung erhaltene Ist-Wert der Auslaufzeit der geprüften Messerwalzen wird einem Komparator 116 zugeführt. Des weiteren wird ein gespeicherter Soll-Wert der zuvor gemessenen Auslaufzeit funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen diesem Komparator zugeführt. Der Komparator 116 vergleicht den Soll-Wert mit dem Ist-Wert, beispielsweise durch Differenzenbildung.The actual value of the run-out time of the tested knife rollers obtained from the current measurement is fed to a
Solange die Differenz der Auslaufzeiten einen im Komparator gespeicherten kritischen Wert nicht überschreitet, werden die Messerwalzen wie saubere bewertet. Andernfalls ist die Reinigung der Messerwalzen einzuleiten. Das Ergebnis des Vergleichs wird beispielsweise in Form einer Anweisung Reinigung Ja/Nein auf dem Display 118 angezeigt.As long as the difference in run-out times does not exceed a critical value stored in the comparator, the knife rollers are rated as clean. Otherwise the cleaning of the knife rollers has to be started. The result of the comparison is shown on the
Das oben beschriebene Verfahren wird unmittelbar vor oder nach der täglichen Benutzung des Papiervernichters durchgeführt, so daß dieser vor einer neuerlichen Benutzung nötigenfalls gereinigt werden kann.The method described above is carried out immediately before or after daily use of the paper shredder, so that it can be cleaned if necessary before it is used again.
Abschließend sei bemerkt, daß das obige Meßverfahren nur beispielhaft ist. So kann anstelle der gemessenen Auslaufzeit bis zum Stillstand der Messerwalzen auch die bis zum Absinken der Drehzahl auf einen vorbestimmten Wert verstrichene Zeit ermittelt werden. Diese verkürzt sich aufgrund der verschmutzungsbedingten Reibung und ist mit der entsprechenden Zeit funktionstüchtiger Messerwalzen zu vergleichen.In conclusion, it should be noted that the above measurement method is only an example. In this way, instead of the measured run-down time until the knife rollers come to a standstill, the time elapsed before the speed has dropped to a predetermined value can also be determined. This shortens due to the pollution-related friction and can be compared with the corresponding time of functional knife rollers.
Claims (2)
- A method for functional monitoring of mechanical paper shredders wherein the sheet material to be destroyed is guided between rotating and meshing cutter blocks, characterized in that the slow-down behavior of well-functioning cutter blocks is determined and compared with the currently determined behavior of cutter blocks to be checked, any deviations are evaluated with reference to given ranges of tolerance, and suitable measures taken in accordance therewith.
- The method of claim 1, characterized in that the functional test is repeated regularly.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4212151 | 1992-04-10 | ||
| DE4212151A DE4212151A1 (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1992-04-10 | Process for monitoring the function of mechanical paper shredders |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0565112A2 EP0565112A2 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
| EP0565112A3 EP0565112A3 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| EP0565112B1 true EP0565112B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
Family
ID=6456595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93105859A Expired - Lifetime EP0565112B1 (en) | 1992-04-10 | 1993-04-08 | Method for controlling the operation of mechanical paper shredders |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5415355A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0565112B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0623290A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE146100T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2093596A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4212151A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2097940T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014016920A1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-19 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Device for shredding value documents |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020195510A1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2002-12-26 | Primax Electronics Ltd. | Paper-guiding structure of shredding apparatus |
| RU2183992C1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2002-06-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Основание" | Grinder |
| US7631822B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2009-12-15 | Fellowes Inc. | Shredder with thickness detector |
| US7661614B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2010-02-16 | Fellowes Inc. | Shredder throat safety system |
| US7954737B2 (en) | 2007-10-04 | 2011-06-07 | Fellowes, Inc. | Shredder thickness with anti-jitter feature |
| US8870106B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2014-10-28 | Fellowes, Inc. | Shredder with thickness detector |
| US7798435B2 (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2010-09-21 | Fellowes, Inc. | Shredder with oiling mechanism |
| US8672247B2 (en) | 2005-07-11 | 2014-03-18 | Fellowes, Inc. | Shredder with thickness detector |
| JP4948822B2 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2012-06-06 | 株式会社岡村製作所 | shredder |
| GB2437594B (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2010-08-11 | Acco Uk Ltd | A shredding machine |
| GB2451513B (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2012-04-18 | Acco Uk Ltd | A shredding machine |
| US8201761B2 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2012-06-19 | Fellowes, Inc. | Thickness sensor based motor controller |
| US8430347B2 (en) * | 2009-01-05 | 2013-04-30 | Fellowes, Inc. | Thickness adjusted motor controller |
| US8091809B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2012-01-10 | Fellowes, Inc. | Shredder with jam proof system |
| US8205815B2 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-06-26 | Fellowes, Inc. | Paper alignment sensor arrangement |
| US8678305B2 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2014-03-25 | Fellowes, Inc. | Restrictive throat mechanism for paper shredders |
| US8550387B2 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2013-10-08 | Tai Hoon K. Matlin | Restrictive throat mechanism for paper shredders |
| US8382019B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2013-02-26 | Fellowes, Inc. | In-rush current jam proof sensor control |
| US8511593B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2013-08-20 | Fellowes, Inc. | Differential jam proof sensor for a shredder |
| US20150115077A1 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-30 | Sakae Co., Ltd. | Shredder and sheet-like-object processing apparatus using the same |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3412306A1 (en) * | 1984-04-03 | 1985-10-10 | Feinwerktechnik Schleicher & Co, 7778 Markdorf | Control device for driving, for example, a file shredder or similar apparatus |
| DE3444709C2 (en) * | 1984-12-07 | 1996-05-30 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Device for destroying banknotes |
| US4709197A (en) * | 1986-07-08 | 1987-11-24 | Feinwerktechnik Schleicher & Co. | Control device for driving e.g. a shredding machine or a similar machine |
| US4844363A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-07-04 | Shredding Systems, Inc. | Hopper ram for shredder |
| DE3843602A1 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-07-05 | Gao Ges Automation Org | PROCEDURE OR DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY MONITORING THE DESTRUCTION OF THIN LEAF |
-
1992
- 1992-04-10 DE DE4212151A patent/DE4212151A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-04-07 CA CA002093596A patent/CA2093596A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-08 AT AT93105859T patent/ATE146100T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-04-08 DE DE59304713T patent/DE59304713D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-08 ES ES93105859T patent/ES2097940T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-08 EP EP93105859A patent/EP0565112B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-04-09 US US08/045,601 patent/US5415355A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-04-12 JP JP5084252A patent/JPH0623290A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014016920A1 (en) | 2014-11-17 | 2016-05-19 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Device for shredding value documents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4212151A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| EP0565112A2 (en) | 1993-10-13 |
| CA2093596A1 (en) | 1993-10-11 |
| ES2097940T3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| ATE146100T1 (en) | 1996-12-15 |
| DE59304713D1 (en) | 1997-01-23 |
| EP0565112A3 (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| JPH0623290A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
| US5415355A (en) | 1995-05-16 |
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