Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
  • B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
  • B30B9/047—Control arrangements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
  • B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
  • B30B9/06—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers
  • B30B9/067—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers with a retractable abutment member closing one end of the press chamber
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/20—Dewatering by mechanical means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/60—Separating
  • F23G2201/603—Separating recyclable material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/50208—Biologic treatment before burning, e.g. biogas generation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
  • F23G2900/50214—Separating non combustible matters

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for treating garbage or waste, in particular household waste collected directly or indirectly by public authorities or assimilable industrial waste composed of a mixture of combustible and fermentable materials.
• the invention extends to an improved press suitable for implementing the above-mentioned method.
• inert materials such as metals, iron, etc. are extracted and the remaining waste is recovered, essentially by two types of technique.
• a first type of recovery consists of incinerating garbage or waste in order to recover heat energy used for the production of pressurized water vapor (usable for district heating, for local industrial consumption, for the needs of communities n u li ⁇ ues ... or even for the production of electrical energy by turbo-generator groups).
• this incineration as it is currently practiced has several shortcomings.
• the overall yield of recovery is poor and generally results in a relatively high financial burden for local authorities, given the importance of the amortization of investments with regard to the low level of effective recovery of heat energy.
• raw garbage must be treated immediately and the recovery record is further deteriorated by the mismatch in time between the arrival of garbage and periods of high energy needs.
• Another way of recovering waste consists in taking advantage of the biomass they contain to produce, by fermentation, composts, organic fertilizers or gases.
• recovery processes of this type are ill-suited to the treatment of the above-mentioned raw refuse, composed of a mixture of fermentable and combustible materials, and this handicap increases every year in industrialized countries due to the sharp increase in the percentage of non-fermentable waste materials.
• the present invention proposes to provide a solution constituting a considerable advance over the techniques which are implemented at present.
• An object of the invention is thus to indicate a method for treating garbage or waste which allows better recovery of these with good profitability of the installations used and is compatible with compliance with anti-pollution standards.
• the process in accordance with the present invention applies after optional extraction of the inert materials and consists of:
• a precompression phase operated by means of a long stroke piston moving in the chamber so as to exert a pressure (P ⁇ ) lower than the final pressure (P f ) on all of the materials located in the chamber
• a final compression phase operated by means of a shorter stroke piston moving in the chamber opposite the first piston so as to exert the final pressure (P) on all the materials located in the chamber, and
• the combustible fraction collected at the end of the compression operation lends itself to profitable incineration in ovens of the circulating fluidized bed type, known per se, under conditions meeting standards, in terms of combustion discharges. These ovens, associated with steam-generating boilers, thus make it possible to produce superheated steam, by optimally exploiting the calorific value of the combustible fraction of garbage or waste.
• this combustible fraction free from humidity and biomass, can be stored for an indefinite period without any nuisance, in particular in heaps in open air areas, to be used by combustion during periods of very high energy demands.
• the fermentable fraction freed from non-fermentable materials can, for its part, be treated under optimal conditions by known methods, in particular by biological seeding and fermentation in order to produce composts, organic fertilizers or gases capable of provide heat energy.
• the method according to the invention is carried out in two successive phases, namely: precompression then final compression.
• the pre-compression phase can in particular be carried out so as to reach an intermediate pressure (P ⁇ between 200 and 300 bars, and the final compression phase so as to reach a final pressure
• the present invention extends to an improved press, suitable for carrying out, under good conditions, the compression operation defined above.
• This press has the following means, already known from patent FR No. 2,577,167:
• extrusion chamber located in the extension of the loading chamber and opening into the latter at its downstream opening, this extrusion chamber being provided with extrusion orifices on its periphery and an outlet located at opposite to the loading chamber,
• the first piston being arranged to move between a retracted position where its end is located in the vicinity of the upstream opening of the loading chamber and an extreme deployed position where it passes through the loading and the extrusion chamber with its end situated in the vicinity of the outlet of the latter, while the second piston is arranged to move between a retracted position set back from the extrusion chamber so as to release the exit from it and an extreme deployed position,
• Hydraulic means for operating the pistons in a deployment movement directed respectively towards the loading chamber or towards the extrusion chamber, and in an opposite retraction movement.
• the second piston of shorter stroke than that of the first piston, is adapted to be able to exert pressures higher than those of the first piston
• the second piston is arranged so that, in its extreme deployed position, it enters the extrusion chamber over a determined length thereof in order to ensure final compression of the materials
• mechanical locking means located upstream of the loading chamber are associated with the first piston in order to be able to prevent its recoil from an intermediate deployed position in which it passes through the loading chamber and partially penetrates into the extrusion chamber.
• the two pistons are specialized for fulfilling different specific functions, namely: for the first piston, a function of loading the extrusion chamber with shearing at the inlet thereof ci, then a function of precompressing the materials up to a moderate intermediate pressure P i (in particular of the order of 250 bars), finally a function of ejecting the solid fraction compressed at the end of the cycle; for the second piston, a shutter function of the extrusion chamber and a final compression function from the intermediate pressure to a very high pressure (in particular of the order of 1000 bars).
• these mechanical locking means comprise:
• the press advantageously comprises control means adapted to condition the following operating cycle, from an initial position where the pistons are in the retracted position and the pincer jaws in the open position:
• FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the method of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a vertical section of an improved press according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing said * press and its control means and detecting means
• - Figure 4 is a sectional detail of one of said press members (means of mechanical lock)
• FIGS. 5a and 5b are detailed front views showing said locking means in the closed position and in the open position respectively
• Figures 6, 7 > 8, 9, 10 and 11 are schematic views showing the essential steps of the press operating cycle.
• Figure 1 illustrates the implementation of the process of the invention which applies in particular to the treatment of household waste but also to any assimilable waste comprising combustible materials and fermentable materials, in particular certain industrial waste. These materials will be referred to below as "raw waste”.
• This raw waste is collected (COLLECT) and delivered to the treatment center at rates imposed by the outside environment, for example daily for household waste.
• COMP dry residue
• the fermentable fraction can be shipped or kept on site to be processed within the time required to take advantage of its relatively pure biomass quality; it is subjected to specific treatments (T.S.) known per se, which become economically profitable due to the absence of combustible solid materials, such as:
• the combustible fraction can either be directly and immediately incinerated in a furnace-boiler, or stored outside in indefinitely thick thick layers (STOCK) to be then taken up and incinerated during periods of high energy demand.
• the characteristics of these combustible materials make it possible to incinerate them in the best conditions in a furnace-boiler of the circulating fluidized bed furnace type (F) associated with a boiler (CH) steam generator.
• This type of oven is known per se and is characterized in that the support of the mass to be burned consists of a bed of fluidized sand; it is thus possible to reach (without superheaters) very high smoke temperatures (above 850 ° C) and to achieve clean combustion with excellent efficiency.
• the divided heavy ashes (C-i) can be used as filling material (road foundations, inert fillings, etc.).
• the high temperature fumes pass through the steam producing boiler (CH) and are subjected to a treatment to separate the fly ash (C2).
• the steam produced (VAP) can be used for all purposes depending on economic interest and the industrial or urban environment (direct use or production of electrical energy).
• the method of the invention leads to an optimal recovery of garbage or waste thanks to a thorough separation of two fractions of different nature, allowing to exploit the specific characteristics in the best conditions.
• Figures 2, 3 . 4, 5a and 5b represent an improved press intended to ensure this advanced separation of the two fractions.
• This press rests on a frame 1 and comprises conventional chassis elements (such as tie rods,.,) Which hold the functional members relative to one another (cf. patent FR n ° 2.577.167 already mentioned).
• a loading hopper 2 equipped with a conventional gland system 3 ensures that the waste is compacted and introduced into a chamber 4, called the loading chamber.
• This axis chamber horizontal and of cylindrical section has two opposite lateral openings: an upstream opening 4a and a downstream opening 4b.
• a chamber 5, called the extrusion chamber, coaxial with the loading chamber 4 opens into the latter at its downstream opening 4b; a cutting edge situated in the plane of this opening ensures shearing of the materials in the event of partial penetration into the extrusion chamber.
• the extrusion chamber 5 is delimited by a perforated jacket which has a plurality of extrusion orifices 5a on its periphery; these orifices have in particular a diameter between 4 and 40 mm, in particular of the order of 10 mm, and open out into a collector 6 which delivers the liquid and semi-liquid extruded materials to a conveyor 7.
• the extrusion chamber 5 has, opposite the loading chamber, an outlet 5b of the solid fraction, of diameter substantially equal to that of said extrusion chamber.
• a conveyor 8 receives the solid material at the outlet and routes it out of the press.
• a guillotine 9 is located at the outlet of the extrusion chamber; this guillotine associated with maneuvering means such as vertical cylinder, can be brought to sweep the exit plane of said chamber in order to clean by friction said exit and, if necessary, to disaggregate the compact blocks.
• the press comprises two coaxial pistons 10 and 11 which, in the retracted state, are arranged on one side and on the other of the assembly formed by the loading chamber 4 and compression chamber 5; these pistons are guided in a conventional manner by bodies and sleeves such as 10a and 11a, and associated with hydraulic means (symbolized in 12 and 23) with a view to their displacement in a rolling movement along the common horizontal axis of the two bedrooms 4 and 5.
• the first piston 10 is of the long-stroke type (of the order of 220 cm) capable of transmitting current pressures of the order of 250 bars; he can be operated by the hydraulic means 12 between an extreme retracted position where its end is located at the upstream opening of the loading chamber (Figure 2) and an extreme deployed position where its end is located at the outlet of the chamber extrusion (Figure 11).
• This piston 10 has on its circumference a shoulder 13 delimiting a front section of section larger than its rear section. This shoulder is arranged to come to cooperate with mechanical locking means 14 adapted to allow the recoil of said piston to be prevented from an intermediate deployment position in which this piston crosses the loading chamber and partially penetrates into the extrusion.
• These locking means are shown in detail in Figures 4, 5a, 5b; they comprise a succession of pincer jaws such as 15, which are juxtaposed close to each other and articulated around a fixed axis 16.
• the two jaws of each pincer 15 are extended by branches 17 whose rounded ends 17a come lodge in support troughs formed at their base by two plates 30; these plates are coupled to two actuating cylinders 18.
• the jaws close by their weight towards the piston 10, while, in the retracted position of these cylinders (FIG. 5b) , said jaws are raised and open, that is to say set back relative to the cylindrical surface of the piston 10.
• a fixed stop 19 is located at the rear of the jaws 15 to serve as a longitudinal support for the latter in order to support the reaction forces transmitted by the jaws.
• This annular stop is arranged so as to allow the passage of the piston 10 in its largest section, while serving as longitudinal support for the closed jaws; the last jaws (jaws located in contact with said stop) are subjected to high shear and bending forces and are provided with an appropriate thickness greater than that of the others.
• the shoulder 13 is positioned along the piston 10 so that it comes opposite the jaws 15 when the piston 10 having entered the extrusion chamber
• the piston 10 are associated with longitudinal position detection means 20, which deliver a position signal S j when said piston is located between these two deployment positions (which correspond to the passage of the shoulder 13 at the locking jaws 14).
• This position signal is delivered to control means symbolized at 21, adapted to condition the operating cycle of the press, which will be described later.
• pressure detection means symbolized at 22 are associated with this first piston 10 (and more precisely with its hydraulic means 12) with a view to delivering to the control means 21, a pressure signal S i when the pressure applied on said first piston reaches a predetermined intermediate value P. j _ (of the order of 200 to 300 bars, for example equal to 250 bars); this signal is intended to trigger a stop command for said piston when the latter is subjected to this intermediate pressure.
• the second piston 11 is of the type with reduced stroke (of the order of 50 to 60 cm) capable of transmitting very high pressures, of the order of 1000 bars.
• This piston and its hydraulic means require special manufacture, but its reduced stroke makes the cost compatible with good economic profitability of the press.
• This second piston 11 can be maneuvered by the hydraulic means 23 between an extreme retracted position where its end is set back relative to the extrusion chamber 5 so as to release the outlet from the latter (FIG. 2) and a position extreme deployed where it enters the extrusion chamber over a predetermined length (FIG. 10) in order to ensure the final compression of the materials at the final pressure Pf ( of the order of 900 to 1050 bars, for example equal to 1000 bars ).
• the control means 21 are in the example constituted by a programmable automaton which is programmed to send control signals to distributors 25, 26, 27 and 28, with a view to ensuring the running of the operating cycle, by a power supply appropriate hydraulic means for operating the first piston 10, actuators for operating the locking jaws 15, hydraulic means for operating the second piston 11 and the actuating cylinder for the guillotine 9.
• the controller 21 is in particular programmed to condition the operating cycle illustrated in Figures 6 to 11 and described below.
• the press is assumed to be in the following initial position: first piston 10 and second piston 11 in the fully retracted state, locking jaws 15 open, guillotine 9 raised.
• the second piston 11 is partially deployed until the outlet 5b of the extrusion chamber is closed (FIG. 6). With the hopper 2 loaded, the raw materials are compressed in the loading chamber
• the first piston 10 is deployed in the loading chamber 4 and pushes the mass contained therein towards the extrusion chamber (Figure 7).
• the first piston 10 continues to advance and its end reaches the level of the downstream opening 4b; the materials are sheared by the cutting edge located around this opening (figure 8).
• the first piston 10 enters the extrusion chamber 5 and provides a material precompression phase between its end and that of the second piston 11 which closes the outlet 5b of the extrusion chamber.
• the detection means 20 deliver the position signal S- j _ to the control means 21; the shoulder 13 is then located opposite the locking jaws 15; in the absence of an incident and for materials of normal consistency, the intermediate pressure? is exerted on the piston 10 when the latter is between these two deployment positions and the pressure signal S. j _ is delivered by the detection means 22.
• the automaton controls the stopping of the piston 10 and the deployment of the jacks 18 which release the locking jaws 15 and allow them to close (FIG. 9).
• the recoil of the first piston 10 is then blocked by the jaws which have closed at the rear of the shoulder 13 (the reaction being transmitted to the fixed stop 19).
• the second piston 11 is then deployed in the extrusion chamber 5 in order to ensure the final compression phase ( Figure 10).
• a stop signal S ⁇ . is delivered and the automaton 21 controls, on the one hand, the stopping of the second piston, on the other hand, maintaining said second piston in its stopped position for a predetermined period, for example of the order of 2 seconds.
• the expulsion of liquid and semi-liquid materials thus becomes final, without risk of aspiration of these materials towards the solid mass by the effect of phenomena of relaxation of this mass.
• the withdrawal of the second piston 11 is then controlled to its retracted position in order to release the outlet 5b from the extrusion chamber, then the first piston 10 is caused to deploy fully to eject the compressed solid mass (FIG. 11) .
• Guillotine 9 can be operated during or after this ejection.
• control automaton 21 is programmed to trigger an alarm 29 (FIG. 3) and the stopping of the first piston 11, in the event of an incident during the precompression phase determining the premature application of the intermediate pressure P j _ on the first piston (appearance of the pressure signal Si before that of the position signal S- ⁇ ). An operator can thus examine the cause of this anomaly (jamming of an object %) and remedy it.
• the control automaton 21 is programmed to generate in this case a retraction of the first piston 10 when the position signal S j disappears, then the course of a new operating cycle, and this, until simultaneously obtaining the position signal S ⁇ and the pressure signal S j _.
• This avoids performing unnecessary final compression phases (slow phases, consuming energy and causing higher wear); moreover several round trips of the first piston 10 carry out successive precompressions and relaxations of the materials and increase the separation efficiency of the two fractions, combustible and fermentable.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9403922

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (19)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 1990
  • 1990-12-21 FR FR9016589A patent/FR2670711A1/fr active Granted
• 1991
  • 1991-12-12 AU AU91287/91A patent/AU655620B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1991-12-12 WO PCT/FR1991/001016 patent/WO1992011132A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-12-12 JP JP4502124A patent/JPH06504478A/ja active Pending
  • 1991-12-12 DK DK92901634.3T patent/DK0563173T3/da active
  • 1991-12-12 CA CA002097832A patent/CA2097832A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-12-12 ES ES92901634T patent/ES2065162T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1991-12-12 AT AT92901634T patent/ATE112519T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1991-12-12 DE DE69104500T patent/DE69104500T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-12-12 EP EP92901634A patent/EP0563173B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1993
  • 1993-11-08 US US08/075,456 patent/US5400726A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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