EP0562944B1 - Cooled turbomachine blade - Google Patents

Cooled turbomachine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0562944B1
EP0562944B1 EP93400741A EP93400741A EP0562944B1 EP 0562944 B1 EP0562944 B1 EP 0562944B1 EP 93400741 A EP93400741 A EP 93400741A EP 93400741 A EP93400741 A EP 93400741A EP 0562944 B1 EP0562944 B1 EP 0562944B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
holes
channels
refrigerant
central line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93400741A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0562944A1 (en
Inventor
Xavier Gérard André Coudray
Mischael François Louis Derrien
Philippe Marc Pierre Pichon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA, SNECMA SAS filed Critical Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
Publication of EP0562944A1 publication Critical patent/EP0562944A1/en
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Publication of EP0562944B1 publication Critical patent/EP0562944B1/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/187—Convection cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
    • F01D5/186—Film cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
    • F05D2250/12—Two-dimensional rectangular
    • F05D2250/121—Two-dimensional rectangular square

Definitions

  • the performance of a gas turbine is closely dependent on the temperature at which the gases enter the turbine.
  • the turbine distributor vanes are obviously those which are exposed to the highest temperatures.
  • the invention relates to such a device allowing the turbine blades to withstand increased temperatures.
  • WO 89/01564 discloses a turbo-machine blade comprising interior recesses for the circulation of a refrigerant fluid and an outer wall traversed by rows of orifices connecting said interior recesses to the exterior environment of the blade and comprising a leading edge which has a central line, on which are located the points of tangency to the outer face of the blade of the tangents contained in the various cross sections of the blade and perpendicular to the main direction of the gas flow entering contact with the blade, and which (the leading edge) is constituted by the part of the said external face of the blade immediately adjacent to this central line, which separates the upper surface from the lower surface and, on both sides other of said central line, the leading edge is provided with two first rows of orifices which extend substantially parallel to the central line, the orientations of said orifices in each row connect nt an internal recess, formed in the region of the leading edge by a first longitudinal cavity supplied with coolant, to the external environment of the blade moving away from said central line with respect
  • the section of an orifice of a first row of orifices has an increasing value from the section (small) of the inner edge to the section (large) of the outer edge, said section of orifice having an oblong shape, so that said orifices are arranged on an ear relative to said central line and the interior recesses further comprise, beyond said rows of orifices, longitudinal channels arranged on the edges of said first longitudinal cavity between said cavity and said outer wall of the blade, and which are also supplied with coolant, the blade having several channels delimited by the part of the outer wall defining the lower surface and several channels delimited by the part of the outer wall defining the upper surface, while the two adjacent channels, one at the lower surface and the other at the upper surface, which are closest to the leading edge are provided with promoting turbulence in the circulation of the coolant.
  • the main advantage of the blades which have just been defined lies in the possibility of exposing them to temperatures higher than those which the known blades bear, and consequently of producing new turbines whose performance is better than that of known turbines.
  • the various blades shown each have a longitudinal axis AB which, when said blade is fixed in its blade, has a substantially radial direction.
  • the letter A of the axis AB corresponds to the dawn fixing foot, and the letter B corresponds to the head of the dawn.
  • the blade shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 comprises a face 1 delimiting the lower surface and a face 2 delimiting the upper surface of the blade, separated by the leading edge of the blade.
  • F being the general direction of flow of the gas flow outside the blade
  • a direction G contained in each cross section of the blade perpendicular to the axis AB, orthogonal to the direction F of the gas flow, is tangent to the curve defining said cross section of the blade on a line 3 substantially parallel to the axis AB.
  • Line 3 is the center line of the leading edge.
  • the blade is hollowed out and comprises an external wall 4 and a first internal wall 5 which connects the two parts distant from each other of the external wall 4 delimiting the lower surface 1 and the upper surface 2, the internal wall 5 being located near the edge attack 3 and delimiting inside the blade a first chamber 6A communicating with a stack of lamellas 6B spaced from each other and arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis AB.
  • the lower part of the chamber 6A further communicates with a refrigerant inlet.
  • the leading edge is formed by two zones of small widths, located on either side of the central line 3, in which are formed two first rows of orifices 81 and 82 which pass through the external wall 4.
  • the orifices 81 are located in the part of the external wall which delimits the lower surface 1, the orifices 82 being situated in the part of the external wall which delimits the upper surface 2, each first row of the orifices 81 and orifices 82 extending substantially parallel to the axis AB and to the central line 3.
  • the orifices 91 are located in the part of the external wall delimiting the lower surface 1, the orifices 92 being located in the part of the external wall delimiting the upper surface 2.
  • longitudinal internal walls 10, 11, 12 extend perpendicular to the lower surface 1.
  • longitudinal external walls 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 extend perpendicular to the upper surface 2.
  • An added internal wall 18 is welded to the edges of the various internal walls 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, as well as the internal wall 5, defines with the external wall 4 longitudinal channels, 110 between the internal walls 10 and 11; 111 between the internal walls 11 and 12; 112, between the internal walls 12 and 5; 113 between the internal walls 13 and 14; 114 between the internal walls 14 and 15; 115 between the internal walls 15 and 16; 116 between the internal walls 16 and 17; a first longitudinal cavity 19 with which the orifices 81, 82, 91 and 92 communicate, and a second longitudinal cavity 20.
  • the walls 10, 11, 12 are in one piece with the part of the external wall 4 delimiting the lower surface 1, the walls 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 being integral with the part of the external wall 4 delimiting the upper surface 2.
  • Each orifice 81 has a double orientation.
  • the axis A 81 of this orifice 81 is first oriented obliquely with respect to the direction G and, oriented from the first cavity 19 towards the outside of the blade, departs from the central line 3 with respect to the first row of orifices 81.
  • the axis A 81 is furthermore oblique with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis AB, having a component oriented from foot A towards head B of dawn.
  • the orifice 81 opens into the interior of the cavity 19 by an inner edge 81 A and outside the blade by an outer edge 81 B, of similar shape but greater than the shape of the inner edge 81, the inner edge 81 A being located below the outer edge 81 B. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the cross section of an orifice 81 increases from the inner edge 81 A to the outer edge 81 B. A point of the upper edge homologous to a point of the lower edge is further from the foot of the dawn than said point of the lower edge: in other words, the axis A 81 does indeed have a parallel component and in the same direction as the longitudinal axis AB.
  • each orifice 82 has a double orientation.
  • the axis A 82 of this orifice 82 is first oriented obliquely relative to the direction G and, oriented from the first cavity 19 towards the outside of the blade, departs from the central line 3 with respect to the first row of orifices 82.
  • the axis A 82 is also oblique with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis AB, having an oriented component of the foot A towards head B of dawn.
  • the orifice 82 opens out inside the cavity 19 by an inner selvedge 82 A and outside the blade by an outer selvedge 82 B, of similar shape but greater than the shape of the inner selvedge 82 A, the inner edge 82 A being below the outer edge 82 B. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the cross section of an orifice 82 increases from the inner edge 82 A to the outer edge 82 B. A point of the upper edge homologous to a point of the lower edge is further from the foot of the dawn than said point of the lower edge: in other words, the axis A 82 does indeed have a parallel component and in the same direction as the longitudinal axis AB.
  • the second orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82 having components parallel to the axis AB could also alternatively be oriented from the head B towards the foot A of the dawn.
  • the axes A 81 and A 82 are orthogonal to the axis AB.
  • the cavity 19, as well as the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 are supplied with a refrigerant under pressure, by means of a fluid inlet situated either in the area of foot A of dawn, or in the area of head B of dawn.
  • the choice of the second orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82, with components parallel to the axis AB naturally depends in particular on the choice of the admission of the coolant in the area of the foot or in the area of the head of the blade .
  • the section of an orifice 81, as well as that of an orifice 82, may each be constant between the inner edge 81 A, 82 A and the outer edge 81 B, 82 B.
  • Each of the orifices 91, 92 is constituted by an elongated slot substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis AB.
  • the holes 91 are aligned on the same straight line, the holes 92 also being.
  • the channel 114 adjacent to the channel 113 closest to the orifices 92 communicates, on the one hand with the first longitudinal cavity 19 by orifices 21, on the other hand with the outside of the blade, on the upper surface, by holes 22.
  • the channel 113 closest to the orifices 92 and the channel 110 closest to the orifices 91 are both fitted with devices, such as turbulence-promoting disrupters of the circulation of the refrigerant.
  • the second longitudinal cavity 20 communicates with the outside of the blade, on the upper surface, through orifices 23. Furthermore, the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, on the one hand, are connected to their ends closest to the foot of the blade (A) to a supply 24 of coolant, on the other hand open at their ends closest to the head (B) of the blade in the second longitudinal cavity 20 ( arrows H in Figure 8).
  • the cavity 19 is also provided with an inlet in the area of the foot A of the dawn.
  • the channels 110 to 116, and the cavity 19 can be supplied with coolant via an inlet 24 which, this time is located in the region of the head B of the blade, the channels opening into the second cavity 20 by their ends closest to the foot A of the blade, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the axes A 91, A 92 of the orifices 91, 92 substantially contained in cross sections of the blade, perpendicular to the axis AB, have components oriented in the directions away from the leading edge (or orifices 81, 82 which pass through the wall).
  • the blade of FIG. 10 comprises only the two rows of orifices 81, 82, which communicate with the first longitudinal cavity 19.
  • a removable jacket 39 is introduced inside the blade and, in cooperation with small walls longitudinal monoblocks with the external wall 4, with which it is in sealed contact, defines longitudinal channels 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, as well as inside its second longitudinal cavity 20.
  • Holes 25 pass through the wall of the jacket 39 and the external wall 4 and put the second longitudinal cavity 20 into communication with the outside of the blade.
  • first longitudinal cavity 19 As well as the channels 124 to 138 are connected, by their ends close to the base of the blade (A) to an inlet 24 for refrigerant. Furthermore, at their ends close to the head B of the blade, the channels 124 to 138 communicate with the second longitudinal cavity 20 (arrows J in FIG. 11).
  • a third longitudinal cavity 26, delimited by a part of the external wall 4 delimiting the upper surface 2 and by an internal wall 27, which separates this third cavity 26 from the first longitudinal cavity 19, is connected to the intake.
  • 24 of refrigerant, in the area of the foot A of the blade, and in the area close to the head B of the blade communicates with the second cavity 20 (FIG. 13).
  • FIG. 12 shows such a variant, in which the intake coolant in the various channels 124 to 138 (and, in the third cavity 26) is produced in the area of the head B of the blade, said channels and the third cavity 26 communicating (arrows J) in the area of the foot At dawn, with the second cavity 20.
  • the choice between admitting coolant at the head or at the foot of the blade is made, in particular, taking account of the orientation (direction AB, or, direction BA) axes of the orifices 81, 82.
  • the outer wall 4 of the blade of Figures 1 to 8 is well refrigerated and is therefore suitable for being exposed to very high temperatures, this ability being one of the conditions for obtaining a turbo-machine having high performance and efficiency.
  • the refrigeration of the wall 4, at the places most exposed to high temperatures, in the area of the leading edge, lower side 1 and upper side 2, is provided first by the films of the refrigerant which has passed through the orifices 81 , 82, and is supplemented, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, by the films of the coolant coming from the orifices 91, 92.
  • the orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82 of the orifices 81, 82 allow, on the one hand to direct the coolant towards the lower surface 1 and the upper surface 2, respectively, on the other hand to cover with a film of this coolant all the faces of the lower surface and the upper surface from the foot A of the dawn to the head B of the dawn, or, in the variant of FIG. 9, from the head to the foot of the dawn.
  • the zones situated beyond the orifices 81, 82, 91, 92 of FIGS. 1 to 8, or only 81, 82 of FIG. 10, are cooled by the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116 or 124 to 138.
  • This fluid is still capable, after passing through the second longitudinal cavity 20, escaping through the orifices 23 in FIG. 2, or 25 in FIG. 10, to constitute a cooling film of the part of the upper surface 2 substantially opposite the leading edge.
  • the fluid which passes through the orifices 22 produces an effective cooling film in an area of the upper surface 2 partly substantially parallel to the direction F of the general flow of the gas flow.
  • the devices promoting turbulence in the circulation of the refrigerant gives this fluid time to effectively cool these areas of the outer wall 4 closest to the leading edge, particularly exposed to the high temperatures of hot gases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Les performances d'une turbine à gaz sont étroitement dépendantes de la température d'entrée des gaz dans la turbine. Les aubes distributrices de la turbine sont évidemment celles qui sont exposées aux températures les plus élevées.The performance of a gas turbine is closely dependent on the temperature at which the gases enter the turbine. The turbine distributor vanes are obviously those which are exposed to the highest temperatures.

Malgré une amélioration constante de la tenue des matériaux aux très hautes températures, il n'est aujourd'hui plus possible d'envisager des augmentations de la température des gaz avant la turbine sans prévoir un dispositif de réfrigération des aubes de la turbine, notamment desdites aubes distributrices.Despite a constant improvement in the behavior of materials at very high temperatures, it is no longer possible today to envisage increases in the temperature of the gases before the turbine without providing a device for refrigerating the blades of the turbine, in particular said blades. distributor vanes.

L'invention a pour objet un tel dispositif permettant aux aubages de turbine de résister à des températures augmentées.The invention relates to such a device allowing the turbine blades to withstand increased temperatures.

On connaît par WO 89/01564 une aube de turbo-machine comprenant des évidements intérieurs de circulation d'un fluide réfrigérant et une paroi externe traversée par des rangées d'orifices reliant lesdits évidements intérieurs à l'environnement extérieur de l'aube et comprenant un bord d'attaque qui comporte une ligne centrale, sur laquelle sont situés les points de tangence à la face externe de l'aube des tangentes contenues dans les diverses sections transversales de l'aube et perpendiculaires à la direction principale du flux gazeux entrant en contact avec l'aube, et qui (le bord d'attaque) est constitué par la partie de ladite face externe de l'aube immédiatement adjacente à cette ligne centrale, qui sépare l'extrados de l'intrados et, de part et d'autre de ladite ligne centrale, le bord d'attaque est muni de deux premières rangées d'orifices qui s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement à la ligne centrale, les orientations desdits orifices de chaque rangée reliant un évidement intérieur, constitué dans la zone du bord d'attaque par une première cavité longitudinale alimentée en fluide réfrigérant, à l'environnement extérieur de l'aube s'éloignant de ladite ligne centrale par rapport à ladite rangée d'orifices, chaque orifice d'une première rangée d'orifices étant incliné par rapport à un axe longitudinal de l'aube qui s'étend du pied vers la tête de l'aube, la lisière intérieure d'un orifice étant plus proche du pied de l'aube que la lisière extérieure dudit orifice, de sorte que le flux gazeux éventuel de fluide réfrigérant qui traverse ledit orifice est orienté, en outre, du pied vers la tête de l'aube. Selon l'invention, la section d'un orifice d'une première rangée d'orifices a une valeur croissante de la section (petite) de la lisière intérieure jusqu'à la section (grande) de la lisière extérieure, ladite section d'orifice ayant une forme oblongue, de telle sorte que lesdits orifices sont disposés en épi par rapport à ladite ligne centrale et les évidements intérieurs comprennent, en outre, au-delà desdites rangées d'orifices, des canaux longitudinaux disposés sur les bords de ladite première cavité longitudinale entre ladite cavité et ladite paroi externe de l'aube, et qui sont également alimentés en fluide réfrigérant, l'aube comportant plusieurs canaux délimités par la partie de la paroi externe définissant l'intrados et plusieurs canaux délimités par la partie de la paroi externe définissant l'extrados, cependant que les deux canaux adjacents, l'un à l'intrados, l'autre à l'extrados, qui sont les plus proches du bord d'attaque sont munis de dispositifs promoteurs de turbulence de la circulation du fluide réfrigérant.WO 89/01564 discloses a turbo-machine blade comprising interior recesses for the circulation of a refrigerant fluid and an outer wall traversed by rows of orifices connecting said interior recesses to the exterior environment of the blade and comprising a leading edge which has a central line, on which are located the points of tangency to the outer face of the blade of the tangents contained in the various cross sections of the blade and perpendicular to the main direction of the gas flow entering contact with the blade, and which (the leading edge) is constituted by the part of the said external face of the blade immediately adjacent to this central line, which separates the upper surface from the lower surface and, on both sides other of said central line, the leading edge is provided with two first rows of orifices which extend substantially parallel to the central line, the orientations of said orifices in each row connect nt an internal recess, formed in the region of the leading edge by a first longitudinal cavity supplied with coolant, to the external environment of the blade moving away from said central line with respect to said row of orifices, each orifice of a first row of orifices being inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the blade which extends from the foot towards the head of the blade, the inner edge of an orifice being closer to the foot of the blade than the outer edge of said orifice, so that the possible gaseous flow of cooling fluid which passes through said orifice is directed, moreover, from the foot towards the head of the blade. According to the invention, the section of an orifice of a first row of orifices has an increasing value from the section (small) of the inner edge to the section (large) of the outer edge, said section of orifice having an oblong shape, so that said orifices are arranged on an ear relative to said central line and the interior recesses further comprise, beyond said rows of orifices, longitudinal channels arranged on the edges of said first longitudinal cavity between said cavity and said outer wall of the blade, and which are also supplied with coolant, the blade having several channels delimited by the part of the outer wall defining the lower surface and several channels delimited by the part of the outer wall defining the upper surface, while the two adjacent channels, one at the lower surface and the other at the upper surface, which are closest to the leading edge are provided with promoting turbulence in the circulation of the coolant.

Les avantageuses dispositions suivantes sont en outre de préférence adoptées :

  • deux deuxièmes rangées d'orifices s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement à ladite ligne centrale, en étant chacune disposée au-delà d'une desdites premières rangées d'orifices par rapport au bord d'attaque et lesdits orifices communiquant avec ladite première cavité longitudinale ;
  • chaque orifice d'une deuxième rangée d'orifices a une section oblongue qui s'étend sensiblement parallèlement à la ligne centrale ;
  • lesdits évidements intérieurs comprennent une deuxième cavité longitudinale, qui est séparée de la première cavité longitudinale, et qui communique, d'une part avec l'environnement extérieur de l'aube par des orifices débouchant dans l'extrados, d'autre part, avec certains au moins desdits canaux, de manière à être alimentée en fluide réfrigérant s'échappant desdits canaux ;
  • ladite deuxième cavité longitudinale est, soit délimitée par l'ensemble d'une partie de la paroi externe définissant l'extrados de l'aube et par une paroi interne complémentaire;
       soit délimitée uniquement par une paroi interne d'une chemise amovible, distincte de la paroi externe, de section fermée ;
  • certains au moins desdits évidements intérieurs sont munis d'une admission de fluide réfrigérant située, soit dans la zone du pied de l'aube, soit dans la zone de la tête de l'aube ;
  • lesdits canaux sont munis d'admissions de fluide réfrigérant situées, soit dans la zone du pied de l'aube, soit dans la zone de la tête de l'aube.
The following advantageous arrangements are also preferably adopted:
  • two second rows of orifices extend substantially parallel to said central line, each being disposed beyond one of said first rows of orifices relative to the leading edge and said orifices communicating with said first longitudinal cavity;
  • each orifice of a second row of orifices has an oblong section which extends substantially parallel to the central line;
  • said interior recesses comprise a second longitudinal cavity, which is separated from the first longitudinal cavity, and which communicates, on the one hand with the external environment of the blade by orifices opening into the upper surface, on the other hand, with at least some of said channels, so as to be supplied with refrigerant escaping from said channels;
  • said second longitudinal cavity is either defined by all of a part of the external wall defining the upper surface of the blade and by a complementary internal wall;
    either delimited only by an internal wall of a removable jacket, distinct from the external wall, of closed section;
  • at least some of said interior recesses are provided with a coolant inlet located either in the region of the foot of the blade, or in the region of the head of the blade;
  • said channels are provided with coolant inlets located either in the region of the foot of the blade, or in the region of the head of the blade.

L'avantage principal des aubes qui viennent d'être définies réside dans la possibilité de les exposer à des températures supérieures à celles que supportent les aubes connues, et par conséquent de réaliser de nouvelles turbines dont les performances sont meilleures que celles des turbines connues.The main advantage of the blades which have just been defined lies in the possibility of exposing them to temperatures higher than those which the known blades bear, and consequently of producing new turbines whose performance is better than that of known turbines.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et des caractéristiques secondaires et leurs avantages apparaîtront au cours de la description de réalisations donnée ci-dessous à titre d'exemple.The invention will be better understood and secondary characteristics and their advantages will become apparent during the description of achievements given below by way of example.

Il est entendu que la description et les dessins ne sont donnés qu'à titre indicatif et non limitatif :
Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue perspective, avec coupe partielle, d'une première réalisation d'aube conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'une coupe transversale de l'aube de la figure 1, coupe suivant II-II de la figure 3 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue suivant flèche F de la figure 2 ;
  • les figures 4, 5, 6 et 7 sont des coupes suivant IV-IV, V-V, VI-VI et VII-VII de la figure 3, respectivement ;
  • la figure 8 est une section suivant VIII-VIII de la figure 2 ;
  • la figure 9 est une section analogue à celle de la figure 8 d'une variante de réalisation également conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue perspective, avec coupe partielle, d'une deuxième réalisation d'aube conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 11 est une section suivant XI-XI de la figure 10 ;
  • la figure 12 est une section analogue à celle de la figure 11 d'une variante de réalisation également conforme à l'invention ; et,
  • la figure 13 est une section suivant XIII-XIII de la figure 10.
It is understood that the description and the drawings are given for information only and are not limiting:
Reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with partial section, of a first blade realization in accordance with the invention;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a cross section of the blade of Figure 1, section along II-II of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3 is a view along arrow F of Figure 2;
  • Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 are sections along IV-IV, VV, VI-VI and VII-VII of Figure 3, respectively;
  • Figure 8 is a section along VIII-VIII of Figure 2;
  • Figure 9 is a section similar to that of Figure 8 of an alternative embodiment also according to the invention;
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view, with partial section, of a second embodiment of blade according to the invention;
  • Figure 11 is a section along XI-XI of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a section similar to that of Figure 11 of an alternative embodiment also according to the invention; and,
  • Figure 13 is a section along XIII-XIII of Figure 10.

Les diverses aubes représentées comportent, chacune, un axe longitudinal AB qui, lorsque ladite aube est fixée dans son aubage, a une direction sensiblement radiale. La lettre A de l'axe AB correspond au pied de fixation de l'aube, et la lettre B correspond à la tête de l'aube.The various blades shown each have a longitudinal axis AB which, when said blade is fixed in its blade, has a substantially radial direction. The letter A of the axis AB corresponds to the dawn fixing foot, and the letter B corresponds to the head of the dawn.

L'aube représentée sur les figures 1 à 8 comporte une face 1 délimitant l'intrados et une face 2 délimitant l'extrados de l'aube, séparées par le bord d'attaque de l'aube. F étant le sens général d'écoulement du flux gazeux extérieur à l'aube, une direction G, contenue dans chaque section transversale de l'aube perpendiculaire à l'axe AB, orthogonale au sens F du flux gazeux, est tangente à la courbe définissant ladite section transversale de l'aube sur une ligne 3 sensiblement parallèle à l'axe AB. La ligne 3 est la ligne centrale du bord d'attaque.The blade shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 comprises a face 1 delimiting the lower surface and a face 2 delimiting the upper surface of the blade, separated by the leading edge of the blade. F being the general direction of flow of the gas flow outside the blade, a direction G, contained in each cross section of the blade perpendicular to the axis AB, orthogonal to the direction F of the gas flow, is tangent to the curve defining said cross section of the blade on a line 3 substantially parallel to the axis AB. Line 3 is the center line of the leading edge.

L'aube est évidée et comprend une paroi externe 4 et une première paroi interne 5 qui relie les deux parties distantes l'une de l'autre de la paroi externe 4 délimitant l'intrados 1 et l'extrados 2, la paroi interne 5 étant située à proximité du bord d'attaque 3 et délimitant à l'intérieur de l'aube une première chambre 6A communiquant avec un empilage de lamelles 6B espacées les unes des autres et disposées sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe AB. La partie inférieure de la chambre 6A communique en outre avec une admission de fluide de réfrigération. Les espaces entre lamelles communiquent avec l'environnement extérieur de l'aube, d'une part, par une rangée de fentes 7 sensiblement parallèles à l'axe AB, traversant la partie de la paroi externe 4 délimitant l'intrados 1, d'autre part, par des fentes 6C débouchant dans le bord de fuite de l'aube, de sorte que le fluide de réfrigération pénétrant dans la chambre 6A s'en échappe à travers lesdites fentes 7 et 6C.The blade is hollowed out and comprises an external wall 4 and a first internal wall 5 which connects the two parts distant from each other of the external wall 4 delimiting the lower surface 1 and the upper surface 2, the internal wall 5 being located near the edge attack 3 and delimiting inside the blade a first chamber 6A communicating with a stack of lamellas 6B spaced from each other and arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis AB. The lower part of the chamber 6A further communicates with a refrigerant inlet. The spaces between slats communicate with the external environment of the blade, on the one hand, by a row of slots 7 substantially parallel to the axis AB, passing through the part of the external wall 4 delimiting the lower surface 1, of on the other hand, by slots 6C opening into the trailing edge of the blade, so that the refrigerating fluid entering the chamber 6A escapes therefrom through said slots 7 and 6C.

Le bord d'attaque est constitué par deux zones de faibles largeurs, situées de part et d'autre de la ligne centrale 3, dans lesquelles sont ménagées deux premières rangées d'orifices 81 et 82 qui traversent la paroi externe 4. Les orifices 81 sont situés dans la partie de la paroi externe qui délimite l'intrados 1, les orifices 82 étant situés dans la partie de la paroi externe qui délimite l'extrados 2, chaque première rangée des orifices 81 et des orifices 82 s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe AB et à la ligne centrale 3.The leading edge is formed by two zones of small widths, located on either side of the central line 3, in which are formed two first rows of orifices 81 and 82 which pass through the external wall 4. The orifices 81 are located in the part of the external wall which delimits the lower surface 1, the orifices 82 being situated in the part of the external wall which delimits the upper surface 2, each first row of the orifices 81 and orifices 82 extending substantially parallel to the axis AB and to the central line 3.

Au-delà des premières rangées d'orifices 81, 82, immédiatement adjacentes au bord d'attaque, s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe AB et à la ligne centrale 3, deux deuxièmes rangées d'orifices 91 et 92 qui traversent la paroi externe 4. Les orifices 91 sont situés dans la partie de la paroi externe délimitant l'intrados 1, les orifices 92 étant situés dans la partie de la paroi externe délimitant l'extrados 2.Beyond the first rows of orifices 81, 82, immediately adjacent to the leading edge, extend substantially parallel to the axis AB and to the central line 3, two second rows of orifices 91 and 92 which cross the external wall 4. The orifices 91 are located in the part of the external wall delimiting the lower surface 1, the orifices 92 being located in the part of the external wall delimiting the upper surface 2.

Au-delà des orifices 91 par rapport au bord d'attaque, des parois internes longitudinales 10, 11, 12 s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'intrados 1. De manière analogue, au-delà des orifices 92 par rapport au bord d'attaque, des parois externes longitudinales 13, 14, 15, 16 et 17 s'étendent perpendiculairement à l'extrados 2. Une paroi intérieure rapportée 18 est soudée aux arêtes des diverses parois internes 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 et 17, ainsi qu'à la paroi interne 5, délimite avec la paroi externe 4 des canaux longitudinaux, 110 entre les parois internes 10 et 11; 111 entre les parois internes 11 et 12 ; 112, entre les parois internes 12 et 5 ; 113 entre les parois internes 13 et 14 ; 114 entre les parois internes 14 et 15 ; 115 entre les parois internes 15 et 16 ; 116 entre les parois internes 16 et 17; une première cavité longitudinale 19 avec laquelle communiquent les orifices 81, 82, 91 et 92, et une deuxième cavité longitudinale 20. Les parois 10, 11, 12 sont monoblocs avec la partie de la paroi externe 4 délimitant l'intrados 1, les parois 13, 14, 15, 16 et 17 étant monoblocs avec la partie de la paroi externe 4 délimitant l'extrados 2.Beyond the holes 91 relative to the leading edge, longitudinal internal walls 10, 11, 12 extend perpendicular to the lower surface 1. In a similar manner, beyond the holes 92 relative to the leading edge , longitudinal external walls 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 extend perpendicular to the upper surface 2. An added internal wall 18 is welded to the edges of the various internal walls 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, as well as the internal wall 5, defines with the external wall 4 longitudinal channels, 110 between the internal walls 10 and 11; 111 between the internal walls 11 and 12; 112, between the internal walls 12 and 5; 113 between the internal walls 13 and 14; 114 between the internal walls 14 and 15; 115 between the internal walls 15 and 16; 116 between the internal walls 16 and 17; a first longitudinal cavity 19 with which the orifices 81, 82, 91 and 92 communicate, and a second longitudinal cavity 20. The walls 10, 11, 12 are in one piece with the part of the external wall 4 delimiting the lower surface 1, the walls 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 being integral with the part of the external wall 4 delimiting the upper surface 2.

Chaque orifice 81 présente une double orientation. L'axe A 81 de cet orifice 81 est d'abord orienté obliquement par rapport à la direction G et, orienté de la première cavité 19 vers l'extérieur de l'aube, s'écarte de la ligne centrale 3 par rapport à la première rangée des orifices 81. Selon la réalisation représentée sur les figures 1 à 8, l'axe A 81 est en outre oblique par rapport à la direction de l'axe longitudinal AB, ayant une composante orientée du pied A vers la tête B de l'aube. L'orifice 81 débouche à l'intérieur de la cavité 19 par une lisière intérieure 81 A et à l'extérieur de l'aube par une lisière extérieure 81 B, de forme semblable mais supérieure à la forme de la lisière intérieure 81, la lisière intérieure 81 A étant située en-dessous de la lisière extérieure 81 B. Par ailleurs, dans la réalisation représentée, la section transversale d'un orifice 81 croît de la lisière intérieure 81 A jusqu'à la lisière extérieure 81 B. Un point de la lisière supérieure homologue d'un point de la lisière inférieure est plus éloigné du pied de l'aube que ledit point de la lisière inférieure : autrement dit, l'axe A 81 a bien une composante parallèle et de même sens que l'axe longitudinal AB.Each orifice 81 has a double orientation. The axis A 81 of this orifice 81 is first oriented obliquely with respect to the direction G and, oriented from the first cavity 19 towards the outside of the blade, departs from the central line 3 with respect to the first row of orifices 81. According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the axis A 81 is furthermore oblique with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis AB, having a component oriented from foot A towards head B of dawn. The orifice 81 opens into the interior of the cavity 19 by an inner edge 81 A and outside the blade by an outer edge 81 B, of similar shape but greater than the shape of the inner edge 81, the inner edge 81 A being located below the outer edge 81 B. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the cross section of an orifice 81 increases from the inner edge 81 A to the outer edge 81 B. A point of the upper edge homologous to a point of the lower edge is further from the foot of the dawn than said point of the lower edge: in other words, the axis A 81 does indeed have a parallel component and in the same direction as the longitudinal axis AB.

De manière analogue aux orifices 81, chaque orifice 82 présente une double orientation. L'axe A 82 de cet orifice 82 est d'abord orienté obliquement par rapport à la direction G et, orienté de la première cavité 19 vers l'extérieur de l'aube, s'écarte de la ligne centrale 3 par rapport à la première rangée des orifices 82. Selon la réalisation représentée sur les figures 1 à 8, l'axe A 82 est en outre oblique par rapport à la direction de l'axe longitudinal AB, ayant une composante orientée du pied A vers la tête B de l'aube. L'orifice 82 débouche à l'intérieur de la cavité 19 par une lisière intérieure 82 A et à l'extérieur de l'aube par une lisière extérieure 82 B, de forme semblable mais supérieure à la forme de la lisière intérieure 82 A, la lisière intérieure 82 A étant en-dessous de la lisière extérieure 82 B. Par ailleurs, dans la réalisation représentée, la section transversale d'un orifice 82 croît de la lisière intérieure 82 A jusqu'à la lisière extérieure 82 B. Un point de la lisière supérieure homologue d'un point de la lisière inférieure est plus éloigné du pied de l'aube que ledit point de la lisière inférieure : autrement dit, l'axe A 82 a bien une composante parallèle et de même sens que l'axe longitudinal AB.Similarly to the orifices 81, each orifice 82 has a double orientation. The axis A 82 of this orifice 82 is first oriented obliquely relative to the direction G and, oriented from the first cavity 19 towards the outside of the blade, departs from the central line 3 with respect to the first row of orifices 82. According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the axis A 82 is also oblique with respect to the direction of the longitudinal axis AB, having an oriented component of the foot A towards head B of dawn. The orifice 82 opens out inside the cavity 19 by an inner selvedge 82 A and outside the blade by an outer selvedge 82 B, of similar shape but greater than the shape of the inner selvedge 82 A, the inner edge 82 A being below the outer edge 82 B. Furthermore, in the embodiment shown, the cross section of an orifice 82 increases from the inner edge 82 A to the outer edge 82 B. A point of the upper edge homologous to a point of the lower edge is further from the foot of the dawn than said point of the lower edge: in other words, the axis A 82 does indeed have a parallel component and in the same direction as the longitudinal axis AB.

Il y a cependant lieu de noter que les deuxièmes orientations des axes A 81 et A 82, ayant des composantes parallèles à l'axe AB pourraient également en variante être orientées de la tête B vers le pied A de l'aube. Selon une deuxième variante, les axes A 81 et A 82 sont orthogonaux à l'axe AB. Il sera exposé ci-après que la cavité 19, ainsi que les canaux 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 sont alimentés en un fluide refrigérant sous pression, par l'intermédiaire d'une admission de fluide située soit dans la zone du pied A de l'aube, soit dans la zone de la tête B de l'aube. Le choix des deuxièmes oreientations des axes A 81 et A 82, avec composantes parallèles à l'axe AB, dépend naturellement notamment du choix de l'admission du fluide réfrigérant dans la zone du pied ou dans la zone de la tête de l'aube.It should however be noted that the second orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82, having components parallel to the axis AB could also alternatively be oriented from the head B towards the foot A of the dawn. According to a second variant, the axes A 81 and A 82 are orthogonal to the axis AB. It will be explained below that the cavity 19, as well as the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 are supplied with a refrigerant under pressure, by means of a fluid inlet situated either in the area of foot A of dawn, or in the area of head B of dawn. The choice of the second orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82, with components parallel to the axis AB, naturally depends in particular on the choice of the admission of the coolant in the area of the foot or in the area of the head of the blade .

Par ailleurs, également en variante, la section d'un orifice 81, de même que celle d'un orifice 82, peuvent chacune être constante entre la lisière intérieure 81 A, 82 A et la lisière extérieure 81 B, 82 B.Furthermore, also alternatively, the section of an orifice 81, as well as that of an orifice 82, may each be constant between the inner edge 81 A, 82 A and the outer edge 81 B, 82 B.

Chacun des orifices 91, 92 est constitué par une fente allongée sensiblement parallèle à l'axe longitudinal AB. Dans la réalisation des figures 1 à 7, les orifices 91 sont alignés sur une même droite, les orifices 92 l'étant également.Each of the orifices 91, 92 is constituted by an elongated slot substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis AB. In the realization Figures 1 to 7, the holes 91 are aligned on the same straight line, the holes 92 also being.

Le canal 114 adjacent au canal 113 le plus proche des orifices 92 communique, d'une part avec la première cavité longitudinale 19 par des orifices 21, d'autre part avec l'extérieur de l'aube, sur l'extrados, par des orifices 22.The channel 114 adjacent to the channel 113 closest to the orifices 92 communicates, on the one hand with the first longitudinal cavity 19 by orifices 21, on the other hand with the outside of the blade, on the upper surface, by holes 22.

Le canal 113 le plus proche des orifices 92 et le canal 110 le plus proche des orifices 91 sont tous deux munis de dispositifs, tels que des perturbateurs promoteurs de turbulence de la circulation du fluide réfrigérant.The channel 113 closest to the orifices 92 and the channel 110 closest to the orifices 91 are both fitted with devices, such as turbulence-promoting disrupters of the circulation of the refrigerant.

La deuxième cavité longitudinale 20 communique avec l'extérieur de l'aube, sur l'extrados, par des orifices 23. Par ailleurs, les canaux 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, d'une part, sont raccordés à leurs extrémités les plus proches du pied de l'aube (A) à une alimentation 24 en fluide réfrigérant, d'autre part débouchent à leurs extrémités les plus proches de la tête (B) de l'aube dans la deuxième cavité longitudinale 20 (flèches H de la figure 8). La cavité 19 est également munie d'une admission dans la zone du pied A de l'aube.The second longitudinal cavity 20 communicates with the outside of the blade, on the upper surface, through orifices 23. Furthermore, the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, on the one hand, are connected to their ends closest to the foot of the blade (A) to a supply 24 of coolant, on the other hand open at their ends closest to the head (B) of the blade in the second longitudinal cavity 20 ( arrows H in Figure 8). The cavity 19 is also provided with an inlet in the area of the foot A of the dawn.

Cependant, en variante, comme cela a été indiqué précédemment, les canaux 110 à 116, et la cavité 19, peuvent être alimentés en fluide réfrigérant par l'intermédiaire d'une admission 24 qui, cette fois est située dans la zone de la tête B de l'aube, les canaux débouchant dans la deuxième cavité 20 par leurs extrémités les plus proches du pied A de l'aube, comme cela ressort de la figure 9.However, as a variant, as indicated above, the channels 110 to 116, and the cavity 19, can be supplied with coolant via an inlet 24 which, this time is located in the region of the head B of the blade, the channels opening into the second cavity 20 by their ends closest to the foot A of the blade, as shown in FIG. 9.

Enfin, les axes A 91, A 92 des orifices 91, 92 sensiblement contenus dans des sections transversales de l'aube, perpendiculaires à l'axe AB, ont des composantes orientées dans les sens d'éloignement du bord d'attaque (ou des orifices 81, 82 qui en traversent la paroi).Finally, the axes A 91, A 92 of the orifices 91, 92 substantially contained in cross sections of the blade, perpendicular to the axis AB, have components oriented in the directions away from the leading edge (or orifices 81, 82 which pass through the wall).

L'aube de la figure 10 comporte seulement les deux rangées d'orifices 81, 82, qui communiquent avec la première cavité longitudinale 19. Une chemise amovible 39 est introduite à l'intérieur de l'aube et, en coopération avec de petites parois longitudinales monoblocs avec la paroi externe 4, avec lesquelles elle est en contact étanche, définit des canaux longitudinaux 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, ainsi qu'en son intérieur la deuxième cavité longitudinale 20. Des orifices 25 traversent la paroi de la chemise 39 et la paroi externe 4 et mettent en communication la deuxième cavité longitudinale 20 avec l'extérieur de l'aube. A noter que la première cavité longitudinale 19, de même que les canaux 124 à 138 sont reliés, par leurs extrémités proches du pied de l'aube (A) à une admission 24 de fluide réfrigérant. Par ailleurs à leurs extrémités proches de la tête B de l'aube, les canaux 124 à 138 communiquent avec la deuxième cavité longitudinale 20 (flèches J de la figure 11).The blade of FIG. 10 comprises only the two rows of orifices 81, 82, which communicate with the first longitudinal cavity 19. A removable jacket 39 is introduced inside the blade and, in cooperation with small walls longitudinal monoblocks with the external wall 4, with which it is in sealed contact, defines longitudinal channels 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, as well as inside its second longitudinal cavity 20. Holes 25 pass through the wall of the jacket 39 and the external wall 4 and put the second longitudinal cavity 20 into communication with the outside of the blade. Note that the first longitudinal cavity 19, as well as the channels 124 to 138 are connected, by their ends close to the base of the blade (A) to an inlet 24 for refrigerant. Furthermore, at their ends close to the head B of the blade, the channels 124 to 138 communicate with the second longitudinal cavity 20 (arrows J in FIG. 11).

De manière analogue, une troisième cavité longitudinale 26, délimitée par une partie de la paroi externe 4 délimitant l'extrados 2 et par une paroi interne 27, qui sépare cette troisième cavité 26 de la première cavité longitudinale 19, est raccordée à l'admission 24 de fluide réfrigérant, dans la zone du pied A de l'aube, et, dans la zone proche de la tête B de l'aube communique avec la deuxième cavité 20 (figure 13).Similarly, a third longitudinal cavity 26, delimited by a part of the external wall 4 delimiting the upper surface 2 and by an internal wall 27, which separates this third cavity 26 from the first longitudinal cavity 19, is connected to the intake. 24 of refrigerant, in the area of the foot A of the blade, and in the area close to the head B of the blade communicates with the second cavity 20 (FIG. 13).

Comme dans la réalisation des figures 1 à 8, il est possible, en variante, d'inverser les emplacements des admissions 24 de fluide réfrigérant et les communications avec la deuxième cavité 20. La figure 12 représente une telle variante, dans laquelle l'admission de fluide réfrigérant dans les divers canaux 124 à 138 (et, dans la troisième cavité 26) est réalisée dans la zone de la tête B de l'aube, lesdits canaux et la troisième cavité 26 communiquant (flèches J) dans la zone du pied A de l'aube, avec la deuxième cavité 20. Là aussi le choix entre admission de fluide réfrigérant en tête ou en pied d'aube est réalisé, notamment, en tenant compte de l'orientation (sens AB, ou, sens BA) des axes des orifices 81, 82.As in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, it is possible, as a variant, to reverse the locations of the coolant intake 24 and the communications with the second cavity 20. FIG. 12 shows such a variant, in which the intake coolant in the various channels 124 to 138 (and, in the third cavity 26) is produced in the area of the head B of the blade, said channels and the third cavity 26 communicating (arrows J) in the area of the foot At dawn, with the second cavity 20. Here again, the choice between admitting coolant at the head or at the foot of the blade is made, in particular, taking account of the orientation (direction AB, or, direction BA) axes of the orifices 81, 82.

La paroi externe 4 de l'aube des figures 1 à 8 est bien réfrigérée et est de ce fait apte à être exposée à des températures très élevées, cette aptitude étant l'une des conditions d'obtention d'une turbo-machine ayant des performances et un rendement élevés.The outer wall 4 of the blade of Figures 1 to 8 is well refrigerated and is therefore suitable for being exposed to very high temperatures, this ability being one of the conditions for obtaining a turbo-machine having high performance and efficiency.

La réfrigération de la paroi 4, aux endroits les plus exposés aux températures élevées, dans la zone du bord d'attaque, côté intrados 1 et côté extrados 2, est assurée d'abord par les films du fluide réfrigérant qui a traversé les orifices 81, 82, et est complétée, dans la réalisation des figures 1 à 8, par les films du fluide réfrigérant issus des orifices 91, 92. Les orientations des axes A 81 et A 82 des orifices 81, 82 permettent, d'une part de diriger le fluide réfrigérant vers l'intrados 1 et l'extrados 2, respectivement, d'autre part de recouvrir par un film de ce fluide réfrigérant la totalité des faces de l'intrados et de l'extrados depuis le pied A de l'aube jusqu'à la tête B de l'aube, ou, dans la variante de la figure 9, de la tête jusqu'au pied de l'aube.The refrigeration of the wall 4, at the places most exposed to high temperatures, in the area of the leading edge, lower side 1 and upper side 2, is provided first by the films of the refrigerant which has passed through the orifices 81 , 82, and is supplemented, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, by the films of the coolant coming from the orifices 91, 92. The orientations of the axes A 81 and A 82 of the orifices 81, 82 allow, on the one hand to direct the coolant towards the lower surface 1 and the upper surface 2, respectively, on the other hand to cover with a film of this coolant all the faces of the lower surface and the upper surface from the foot A of the dawn to the head B of the dawn, or, in the variant of FIG. 9, from the head to the foot of the dawn.

Puis, les zones situées au-delà des orifices 81, 82, 91, 92 des figures 1 à 8, ou seulement 81, 82 de la figure 10, sont refroidies par la circulation du fluide réfrigérant dans les canaux 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116 ou 124 à 138.Then, the zones situated beyond the orifices 81, 82, 91, 92 of FIGS. 1 to 8, or only 81, 82 of FIG. 10, are cooled by the circulation of the refrigerant fluid in the channels 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116 or 124 to 138.

Ce fluide est encore apte, après passage dans la deuxième cavité longitudinale 20, en s'échappant à travers les orifices 23 de la figure 2, ou 25 de la figure 10, de constituer un film réfrigérant de la partie de l'extrados 2 sensiblement opposée au bord d'attaque.This fluid is still capable, after passing through the second longitudinal cavity 20, escaping through the orifices 23 in FIG. 2, or 25 in FIG. 10, to constitute a cooling film of the part of the upper surface 2 substantially opposite the leading edge.

Enfin, dans la réalisation des figures 1 à 8, le fluide qui traverse les orifices 22, réalise un film réfrigérant efficace dans une zone de l'extrados 2 en partie sensiblement parallèle à la direction F de l'écoulement général du flux gazeux.Finally, in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8, the fluid which passes through the orifices 22 produces an effective cooling film in an area of the upper surface 2 partly substantially parallel to the direction F of the general flow of the gas flow.

Il y a enfin lieu d'observer que les dispositifs promoteurs de turbulence de la circulation du fluide réfrigérant, dont sont munis les canaux 110 et 113, donne à ce fluide le temps de réfrigérer effectivement ces zones de la paroi externe 4 les plus proches du bord d'attaque, particulièrement exposées aux températures élevées des gaz chauds.Finally, it should be observed that the devices promoting turbulence in the circulation of the refrigerant, with which the channels 110 and 113 are provided, gives this fluid time to effectively cool these areas of the outer wall 4 closest to the leading edge, particularly exposed to the high temperatures of hot gases.

En tant que fluide réfrigérant, l'air est le plus souvent utilisé, sans que l'invention soit limitée à la réfrigération par l'air.As a refrigerant, air is most often used, without the invention being limited to air refrigeration.

Claims (10)

  1. Turbomachine blade comprising internal recesses (6, 19, 20) for the circulation of a refrigerant and an outer wall (4) through which rows of holes pass connecting the internal recesses to the external environment of the blade and comprising a leading edge which has a central line (3) along which are located the points of tangency to the outer surface of the blade of the tangents contained in the various cross-sections of the blade and perpendicular to the main direction of the gas flow coming into contact with the blade, and which (the leading edge) consists of that part of the said outer surface of the blade immediately adjacent to this central line, which separates the suction face (2) from the pressure face (1) and, on either side of the said central line (3), the leading edge is provided with two first rows of holes (81, 82) which extend substantially parallel to the central line (3), the orientations (A81, A82) of the said holes of each row connecting an internal recess, which consists in the region of the leading edge of a first longitudinal cavity (19) supplied with refrigerant, to the external environment of the blade being directed away from the said central line (3) with respect to the said row of holes, each hole (81, 82) of a first row of holes being inclined with respect to a longitudinal axis (AB) of the blade which extends from the root (A) towards the tip (B) of the blade, the internal border (81A, 82A) of a hole (81, 82) being closer to the blade root (A) than the external border (81B, 82B) of the said hole, so that any gas flow of refrigerant passing through the said hole is furthermore oriented from the root (A) towards the tip (B) of the blade, characterized in that the section of a hole (81, 82) of a first row of holes increases in size from the (small) section of the internal border as far as the (large) section of the external border, the said hole section having an oblong shape, such that the said holes are arranged in a herringbone fashion with respect to the said central line (3), and in that the internal recesses furthermore comprise, beyond the said rows of holes, longitudinal channels (110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116) which are arranged along the edges of the said first longitudinal cavity (19) between the said cavity (19) and the said outer wall (4) of the blade and which are also supplied with refrigerant, the blade including several first channels (110, 111, 112) delimited by that part of the outer wall defining the pressure face (1) and several second channels (113, 115, 116) delimited by that part of the outer wall defining the suction face (2), while the two adjacent channels, one (110) adjacent to the pressure face (1) and the other (113) to the suction face (2), which are closest to the leading edge (3), are provided with devices for promoting turbulence in the circulation of the refrigerant.
  2. Blade according to Claim 1, characterized in that two second rows of holes (91, 92) furthermore extend substantially parallel to the said central line (3), each being arranged beyond one of the said first rows of holes (81, 82) with respect to the leading edge and the said holes (91, 92) communicating with the said first longitudinal cavity (19).
  3. Blade according to Claim 2, characterized in that each hole (91, 92) of a second row of holes has an oblong section which extends substantially parallel to the central line (3).
  4. Blade according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the said internal recesses comprise a second longitudinal cavity (20) which is separated from the first longitudinal cavity (19) and which communicates, on the one hand, with the external environment of the blade via holes (23) emerging in the suction face (2) and, on the other hand, with some (110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116) at least of the said channels so as to be supplied with refrigerant escaping (H) from the said channels.
  5. Blade according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said second longitudinal cavity (20) is delimited by all or part of the outer wall (4) defining the suction face (2) of the blade and by a complementary inner wall (5).
  6. Blade according to Claim 4, characterized in that the said second longitudinal cavity (20) is delimited solely by the inner wall (39) of a removable lining which is separate from the outer wall (4) and of closed section.
  7. Blade according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that some (26) at least of the said internal recesses are provided with a refrigerant inlet (24) located in the region of the blade root (A).
  8. Blade according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that some (26) at least of the said internal recesses are provided with a refrigerant inlet (24) located in the region of the blade tip (B).
  9. Blade according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the said channels (110-116; 124-138) are provided with refrigerant inlets (24) located in the region of the blade root (A).
  10. Blade according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the said channels (110-116; 124-138) are provided with refrigerant inlets (24) located in the region of the blade tip (B).
EP93400741A 1992-03-25 1993-03-23 Cooled turbomachine blade Expired - Lifetime EP0562944B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9203583 1992-03-25
FR9203583A FR2689176B1 (en) 1992-03-25 1992-03-25 DAWN REFRIGERATED FROM TURBO-MACHINE.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0562944A1 EP0562944A1 (en) 1993-09-29
EP0562944B1 true EP0562944B1 (en) 1996-05-15

Family

ID=9428058

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93400741A Expired - Lifetime EP0562944B1 (en) 1992-03-25 1993-03-23 Cooled turbomachine blade

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5342172A (en)
EP (1) EP0562944B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69302614T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2689176B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0562944A1 (en) 1993-09-29
FR2689176A1 (en) 1993-10-01
DE69302614D1 (en) 1996-06-20
DE69302614T2 (en) 1996-11-28
FR2689176B1 (en) 1995-07-13
US5342172A (en) 1994-08-30

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