EP0560612B1 - Soupape de retenue pour une soufflante de ventilation - Google Patents

Soupape de retenue pour une soufflante de ventilation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0560612B1
EP0560612B1 EP93301871A EP93301871A EP0560612B1 EP 0560612 B1 EP0560612 B1 EP 0560612B1 EP 93301871 A EP93301871 A EP 93301871A EP 93301871 A EP93301871 A EP 93301871A EP 0560612 B1 EP0560612 B1 EP 0560612B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fan
blades
shutter
backdraught
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93301871A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0560612A1 (fr
Inventor
Brian William Wright
Paul Langdon Jackson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HUNTER INTERNATIONAL PLC
Original Assignee
HUNTER INTERNATIONAL PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HUNTER INTERNATIONAL PLC filed Critical HUNTER INTERNATIONAL PLC
Publication of EP0560612A1 publication Critical patent/EP0560612A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0560612B1 publication Critical patent/EP0560612B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F04D25/12—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures
    • F04D25/14—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation the unit being adapted for mounting in apertures and having shutters, e.g. automatically closed when not in use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
    • F24F7/013—Ventilation with forced flow using wall or window fans, displacing air through the wall or window

Definitions

  • THE PRESENT INVENTION relates to a backdraught shutter for a ventilating fan.
  • Fans are also sometimes mounted on internal walls or partitions and thus, for example, it is known to mount an extractor fan in a horizontal mode in a ceiling in a bathroom with air being extracted from the bathroom and passing to the outside through a conduit or the like provided in a roof space. Backdraught problems can also occur with fans of this type.
  • a common design of ventilating fan comprises a housing defining a circular section aperture extending therethrough.
  • a motor which drives the fan blades is mounted centrally within the circular aperture on radially extending supporting arms.
  • the motor is usually also of circular cross-section so that an annular air flow path is defined between the motor and the housing, the fan blades extending radially outwardly from the motor within the air flow path. It is this annular air flow path which needs to be closed in order to prevent a backdraught.
  • An existing backdraught shutter design comprises a plurality of shutter blades each pivotally mounted on the fan housing around the outer edge of the annular air flow path between the housing and the body of the motor so as to extend radially inwardly and cover a sector of the annular air flow path.
  • the existing design is intended for use with fans which are mounted in a vertical surface.
  • the blades of the shutter are designed to move to the closed position under the action of gravity when the fan is not operational. In order to ensure that all of the blades move to the closed position it is necessary to provide the blades in the lower half of the shutter device with counter weights positioned radially outwardly of the axis about which the blades pivot.
  • the blades may be provided with means for biassing them to the closed position.
  • the fan When the fan is operational the flow of air induced by the impeller moves the shutter blades to the open position.
  • the fan is switched off the blades move to the closed position either under the action of gravity or under the action of the biassing means referred to
  • biassing means are provided for moving the blades to the closed position these must not exert a very strong biassing force on the blades since the blades must be able to move to the open position when the fan is switched on, even at a slow speed with a relatively low rate of air flow. If the biassing force is too strong then clearly the blades will not move to the open position when desired. On the other hand if the biassing force is too weak then the blades may inadvertently open when the fan is not operational, thereby defeating the purpose of providing the backdraught shutter.
  • US-A-2153604 discloses a ventilating fan, in combination with a heater, where a backdraught type shutter of annular form is provided around the motor for the fan, as best illustrated in Figure 5 of that Patent.
  • the backdraught type shutter has a plurality of blades which are mounted on radially extending pivots with one edge of each blade being appropriately weighted so that the blades automatically rotate about their respective pivots to the closed position under the action of gravity.
  • the weights provided at the end of each of the blades serve to retain the shutter in the closed position.
  • the design of the shutter is, however, such that it would not work satisfactorily if mounted in a substantially vertical surface because the weights provided on the blades of the shutter would not then cause them to move to the closed position when the fan is not operational.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved backdraught shutter for a ventilating fan which is of simple construction and which works effectively and reliably.
  • a backdraught shutter for a ventilating fan defining an annular air flow path through the fan, the shutter being designed to close off the annular air flow path through the fan when mounted thereon and when the fan is not operational, the shutter comprising a plurality of blades and a supporting member upon which the blades are pivotally mounted for movement between first and second positions corresponding to the air flow path through the fan being closed and open, the blades defining an annulus when in the first position, the annulus corresponding substantially to the size of the annular air flow path through the fan, the shutter being further provided with means for retaining the blades in the first position when the shutter is in a first orientation corresponding to the fan being mounted in a substantially horizontal surface with the air flow path through the fan extending substantially vertically and the fan is not operational, the retaining means permitting automatic movement of the blades to the second position when the fan is switched on, characterised in that the blades tend to the first position under the action of gravity both when the shutter is in the first, predetermined orientation and
  • the means for retaining the blades in the first position comprise stops mounted on the supporting member, there being a stop associated with each blade, the stops serving to limit pivotal movement of the blades.
  • the supporting member defines a circular opening within which the blades are mounted, the blades being of arcuate form and together forming said annulus extending around an outer region of the circular opening defined by the supporting member, each blade forming a sector of the annulus.
  • each blade is pivotally mounted within the circular opening of the supporting member by means of a pair of projecting spigots which are receivable within holes formed in the supporting member, the axes of the mounting spigots being aligned and serving to define the pivot axis of the blade.
  • pivot axis of at least one blade is disposed radially outwardly from the centre of mass of that blade with respect to the circular opening defined by the supporting member and the pivot axis of at least one additional blade is disposed radially inwardly of the centre of mass of that additional blade with respect to the circular opening defined by the supporting member.
  • the shutter may comprise three blades.
  • the supporting member may be constituted by part of the ventilating fan, such as a grille or cover provided over one end of the fan.
  • This invention also provides a ventilating fan incorporating a backdraught shutter as described above.
  • one embodiment of a backdraught shutter in accordance with this invention comprises a frame or frame-like member 1 which supports a set of three blades 2, 3, 4, each of which is pivotally mounted for movement between open and closed positions.
  • the frame 1 may be constituted by part of a ventilating fan in which the backdraught shutter is provided or may be separate element which can be mounted on part of a ventilating fan. In the latter case the backdraught shutter would be provided as an accessory for the fan. Thus, the shutter may either be formed integrally with the fan or provided as an accessory therefor.
  • the backdraught shutter is illustrated as forming an integral part of an extractor fan which, as can be seen in Figure 2, has a main housing 5 defining a circular opening extending through the fan.
  • the main housing is formed with a spider (not visible in the drawings) to support a centrally located motor 6 which drives an impeller 7 having blades 8 which extend radially outwardly and are disposed in an annular air flow path defined between the motor/impeller assembly and the housing 5.
  • a grille or cover 9 is mounted upon one end of the housing.
  • the grille or cover 9 is an internal grille or cover, that is to say it is mounted on that end of the housing 5 which is directed inwardly with respect to the room which is being ventilated and thus when the fan is an extractor fan air is drawn through the cover 9 by the fan before being expelled through the opposite end of the housing 5 which would, of course, be provided with an external cover or grille or would be connected to a length of ducting through which extracted air is conveyed before it is expelled into the atmosphere.
  • the grille 9 comprises a peripheral region 10 by way of which it is mounted on the end of the housing 5, the peripheral region defining a circular opening which is aligned with the circular opening defined by the housing 5 when the grille is mounted thereon.
  • the peripheral region 10 of the grille bounds the endmost portion of the annular air flow path through the fan.
  • a series of spaced apart bars which are illustrated schematically in Figure 2 at reference 11 extend across the opening between opposed parts of the peripheral region
  • peripheral region 10 of the grille 9 which constitutes the frame which supports the blades 2, 3, 4 of the backdraught shutter.
  • the frame member 1 corresponds to the peripheral region 10 of the grille 9 with the bars 11 which extend across the grille having been omitted from Figure 1 of the drawings for the purposes of illustration only.
  • Each of the shutter blades 2, 3, 4 is substantially planar and of arcuate form so that together the three blades may serve substantially to close off the annular air flow path defined between the motor 6 and the peripheral region 10 of the grille 9.
  • Each blade subtends an angle of approximately 120° and therefore extends around approximately one third of the annular air flow path.
  • Each blade is mounted within the circular opening defined by the peripheral region 10 of the grille 9 by means of two spigots 12 formed at opposed positions on its radially outermost edge.
  • the axes of the two spigots 12 formed on each blade are aligned so as to define a pivot axis extending across the blade in the plane thereof.
  • the pivot axis for each blade is identified by the reference numeral 13 in Figure 1. It is envisaged that the blades, the grille and the fan housing will be injection moulded from a plastics material and the blades will be mounted within the circular opening defined by the grille 9 by inserting the spigots 12 on each blade into appropriately dimensioned and positioned holes formed in the inwardly facing surface of the peripheral region 10 of the grille.
  • one spigot 12 will be inserted into a hole in the grille and the blade will then be flexed or bent slightly in order to allow the second spigot 12 to be inserted into an opposed hole whereupon the blade will return to its planar condition and be held in place within the grille.
  • the two lowermost blades 3, 4 shown in Figure 1 of the drawings are of the same design and the mounting spigots 12 for these blades are located relatively close to the ends of the radially outermost edge of the blades so that the pivot axis 13 for each of the blades 3, 4 passes relatively close to the radially innermost edge of the blade.
  • the spigots 12 formed on the upper blade 2, as viewed in Figure 1 are positioned further away from the ends of the radially outermost edge of the blade (i.e. closer to the centre of the outermost edge) so that the pivot axis 13 for this blade passes relatively close to the radially outermost edge. This results in the centre of mass of the blade 2 being disposed radially inwardly of the pivot axis for this blade and below the pivot axis when the fan is mounted vertically.
  • the inwardly directed surface of the peripheral region 10 of the grille 9 is formed with three inwardly projecting stops 14, there being one stop 14 positioned adjacent the central point on the radially outermost edge of each blade 2, 3, 4.
  • the stops are provided to limit rotation of the blades about the axes 13 and to retain the blades in the closed position i.e. substantially closing off the annular air flow path when the fan is mounted horizontally i.e. with the grille 9 in a substantially horizontal plane and the air flow path extending substantially vertically.
  • the stops 14 prevent the blades from moving to an open position in the event of a backdraught through the fan.
  • the stop 14 associated with the blade 2 is positioned internally of the blade i.e. on that side of the blade which is closest to the main housing 5 and to the interior of the fan, whereas the stops 14 associated with the blades 3, 4 are positioned externally of the blades i.e. on that side of the blades closest to the grille bars 11.
  • each blade will pivot through an angle of approximately 90° so that only the edge of each blade is presented to the flow of air, thereby offering minimal flow resistance. It is to be noted that in moving from the closed to the open position the upper blade 2 pivots about its axis 13 in an opposite direction to that in which the blades 3, 4 pivot about their respective axes.
  • the blades When the fan is switched off again the blades will naturally fall back to the closed position so that they hang in a vertical plane.
  • a backdraught through the fan i.e. a flow of air through the main housing 5 in a direction towards the grille 9 the blades will remain in the closed position since they are prevented from moving to the open position in a direction opposite to that in which they move when air is drawn through the fan by the impeller by the presence of the stops 14.
  • the blades serve to prevent any backdraught from passing through the grille 9 and into the room which is ventilated by the fan.
  • Figure 1 can be regarded as an underneath view of the shutter. It will be appreciated that in the absence of the stops 14 all of the blades 2, 3, 4 would naturally tend to rotate about their respect axes 13 until the blades hang vertically. However, the stops 14 engage the outermost edges of the blades and serve to limit rotation of the blades so that when the fan is not operational each blade is held in a horizontal plane.
  • the fan is switched on the blades move from the closed position to the open position in the same manner as explained above in relation to a vertically mounted fan. Similarly when the fan is switched off again the blades will naturally rotate about their axes 13 in an attempt to hang in a vertical plane with their respective centres of mass below their pivot axes.
  • this rotation is limited by the stops 14 so that the blades are held in the closed position in a horizontal plane. Again should a flow of air pass through the fan housing in a direction towards the internal grille 9 the blades 2, 3, 4 will remain in the closed position and prevent such a flow or backdraught from passing into the room or space in which the fan is mounted.
  • shutter blades automatically remain in the closed position whenever the fan is not operational regardless of whether the fan is mounted vertically or horizontally.
  • the shutter could be located on the main housing 5 or on a separate ring-like element which is mountable on part of the fan.
  • the mounting of the shutter on the grille 9 enables the shutter to be detached from the fan with the grille and this facilitates cleaning of the fan.
  • locating the shutter between the internal grille 9 and the impeller 7 makes use of a normally dead space within the fan and thereby keeps the overall depth of the fan to a minimum. This location of the shutter within the fan serves to reduce the random wind-induced opening and closing of the shutter blades which is commonly encountered with externally mounted shutter blades which operate under the action of gravity.
  • the shutter blades will be formed from a plastics material it would be possible for them to be formed of any relatively thin flexible material such as plate aluminium. Whilst in the embodiment described above mounting spigots 12 are provided on each of the blades and corresponding holes are provided in the grille 9 it would be possible for the grille 9 to be formed with projecting spigots which are received in holes or the like formed in the blades of the shutter.
  • each press-fitted block 15 will define two bores, each designed to accommodate one spigot 12 formed on one of the blades 2, 3, 4.
  • the blades are mounted in position within the circular opening defined by the grille 9 in the same manner as described above in relation to Figure 1 once the blocks 15 have been press-fitted into place.
  • the blades are located very close to the central motor boss 6 when in the open position.
  • the blades may be dished over a central region 16 adjacent their radially inner edges, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. This dished region would be shaped so as to provide a uniform spacing 17 between the blades 3, 4 and the boss 6 when the blades are in the open position.
  • the top blade 2 would still be substantially planar, but the two lower blades 3, 4 would be modified as described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Food-Manufacturing Devices (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Clapet anti-retour pour ventilateur de soufflage, définissant un trajet d'écoulement d'air annulaire à travers le ventilateur, le clapet étant conçu pour fermer le trajet d'écoulement d'air annulaire à travers le ventilateur lorsqu'il est monté sur celui-ci et que le ventilateur n'est pas en fonctionnement, le clapet comprenant une pluralité de lames (2, 3, 4) et un élément de support (1, 9) sur lequel les lames (2, 3, 4) sont montées en pivotement pour un mouvement entre des premières et des secondes positions qui correspondent à l'ouverture et à la fermeture du trajet d'écoulement d'air à travers le ventilateur, les lames (2, 3, 4) définissant un anneau lorsqu'elles sont dans la première position, ledit anneau correspondant sensiblement à la taille du trajet d'écoulement d'air annulaire à travers le ventilateur, le clapet étant en outre pourvu de moyens (14) pour retenir les lames dans la première position lorsque le clapet est dans une première orientation qui correspond au montage du ventilateur dans une surface sensiblement horizontale et le trajet d'écoulement d'air à travers le ventilateur s'étendant sensiblement verticalement et le ventilateur n'est pas en fonctionnement, les moyens de retenue (14) permettant un mouvement automatique des lames jusqu'à la seconde position lorsque le ventilateur est mis en route, caractérisé en ce que les lames (2, 3, 4) tendent vers la première position sous l'action de la gravité tant lorsque le clapet est dans la première orientation prédéterminée que lorsque le clapet est dans une seconde orientation prédéterminée qui correspond au montage du ventilateur dans une surface verticale et le trajet d'écoulement d'air à travers le ventilateur s'étendant sensiblement horizontalement.
  2. Clapet anti-retour selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens pour retenir les lames dans la première position comprennent des arrêts (14) montés sur l'élément de support (1, 9), un arrêt (14) étant associé à chaque lame (2, 3, 4), les arrêts (14) servant à limiter le mouvement de pivotement des lames.
  3. Clapet anti-retour selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel l'élément de support (1, 9) définit une ouverture circulaire dans laquelle les lames (2, 3, 4) sont montées, les lames (2, 3, 4) étant de forme arquée et formant ensemble ledit anneau qui s'étend autour d'une région extérieure de l'ouverture circulaire définie par l'élément de support (1, 9), chaque lame (2, 3, 4) formant un secteur de l'anneau.
  4. Clapet anti-retour selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque lame (2, 3, 4) est montée en pivotement à l'intérieur de l'ouverture circulaire de l'élément de support (1, 9) au moyen d'une paire de tenons en projection (12) qui sont susceptibles d'être reçus dans des trous formés dans l'élément de support (1, 9) ou dans des inserts (15) dans l'élément de support (1, 9), les axes des tenons de montage (12) étant alignés et servant à définir l'axe de pivotement (13) de la lame.
  5. Clapet anti-retour selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'axe de pivotement (13) d'au moins une lame (2) est disposé radialement vers l'extérieur depuis le centre de gravité de cette lame (2) par rapport à l'ouverture circulaire définie par l'élément de support (1, 9), et l'axe de pivotement (13) d'au moins une lame additionnelle (3, 4) est disposé radialement vers l'intérieur du centre de gravité de cette lame additionnelle (3, 4) par rapport à l'ouverture circulaire définie par l'élément de support (1, 9).
  6. Clapet anti-retour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le clapet comprend trois lames (2, 3, 4).
  7. Clapet anti-retour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'élément de support (1, 9) est constitué par une partie du ventilateur de soufflage.
  8. Clapet anti-retour selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'élément de support est constitué par une grille ou par un couvercle (9) prévu sur une extrémité du ventilateur.
  9. Ventilateur de soufflage qui incorpore un clapet anti-retour selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP93301871A 1992-03-12 1993-03-11 Soupape de retenue pour une soufflante de ventilation Expired - Lifetime EP0560612B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9205411 1992-03-12
GB9205411A GB2265001A (en) 1992-03-12 1992-03-12 A backdraught shutter for a ventilating fan

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0560612A1 EP0560612A1 (fr) 1993-09-15
EP0560612B1 true EP0560612B1 (fr) 1996-06-05

Family

ID=10711999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93301871A Expired - Lifetime EP0560612B1 (fr) 1992-03-12 1993-03-11 Soupape de retenue pour une soufflante de ventilation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0560612B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE139009T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69302937T2 (fr)
GB (1) GB2265001A (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9424030D0 (en) * 1994-11-29 1995-01-18 Int Computers Ltd Forced air cooling arrangement for electronic equipment
GB2354316B (en) * 1999-09-14 2001-09-12 Lucent Technologies Inc Cabinet for units which dissipate heat
GB2408095B (en) 2003-11-11 2007-11-14 Airflow Dev Ltd Ventilation device
US8387950B2 (en) * 2011-04-06 2013-03-05 General Electric Company Flow device and method and system using the flow device
CN108151257B (zh) * 2017-11-08 2023-08-15 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种人感控制结构、空调及其控制方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2153604A (en) * 1937-05-04 1939-04-11 Wheller Harry Stewart Circulation control means
GB526569A (en) * 1939-03-20 1940-09-20 Harry Stewart Wheller Improvements in unit heaters
GB625798A (en) * 1940-05-20 1949-07-04 Emil August Mader Louver mechanism for attic ventilation
US2541665A (en) * 1948-06-17 1951-02-13 James Mfg Co Automatic fan damper
US2687687A (en) * 1951-10-27 1954-08-31 Pruden Products Co Back draft damper for exhaust fans
GB910474A (en) * 1960-01-06 1962-11-14 Vent Axia Ltd Improvements in and relating to fans
GB1180768A (en) * 1967-11-07 1970-02-11 Farr Co Air by-pass device.
SE8002743L (sv) * 1980-04-11 1981-10-12 Pax Electro Prod Ab Reglerbar spjellanordning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2265001A (en) 1993-09-15
EP0560612A1 (fr) 1993-09-15
GB9205411D0 (en) 1992-04-22
ATE139009T1 (de) 1996-06-15
DE69302937D1 (de) 1996-07-11
DE69302937T2 (de) 1996-10-10

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