EP0556693A1 - Burner system for liquid fuel - Google Patents

Burner system for liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0556693A1
EP0556693A1 EP93101986A EP93101986A EP0556693A1 EP 0556693 A1 EP0556693 A1 EP 0556693A1 EP 93101986 A EP93101986 A EP 93101986A EP 93101986 A EP93101986 A EP 93101986A EP 0556693 A1 EP0556693 A1 EP 0556693A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
nozzle
burner system
calibration
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93101986A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Günter Härtel
Armin Schürfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pierburg GmbH
Original Assignee
Pierburg GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pierburg GmbH filed Critical Pierburg GmbH
Publication of EP0556693A1 publication Critical patent/EP0556693A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/188—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/04—Preheating liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/08—Microprocessor; Microcomputer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/36—Spark ignition, e.g. by means of a high voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/18—Groups of two or more valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/20—Membrane valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/26—Fuel nozzles
    • F23N2235/28—Spray fuel nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/30—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/06—Liquid fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner system for liquid fuel such as diesel oil and the like according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such burner systems are used as air heaters operated with diesel oil, in which a combustion air blower wheel conveys combustion air, and also a fuel metering pump - it is operated electromagnetically and controlled by pulses from a breaker motor driven by the blower motor - fuel in precisely metered quantities through a glow flame candle into the combustion chamber , where it forms an ignitable mixture with the combustion air. This mixture is initially ignited by the glow flame candle and continues to burn after the candle has been switched off by self-ignition.
  • blower and metering pump are matched or adjusted to one another in terms of their delivery characteristics. With a heating temperature control, the burner system is only switched on and off. This leads to repeated ignitions at the desired low heating output and thus to high power consumption and impure exhaust gas from half or unburned fuel.
  • an intermittently supplying metering pump is provided in DE-A1 31 02 835 in a generic device, which pumps in the shortest possible way into a fuel nozzle.
  • the pulse frequency and delivery time of the metering pump are adjustable. Because of the damping in longer connecting lines, this solution cannot be used for longer connecting lines between the pump and the burner nozzle.
  • a burner head for the combustion of oil which has flow paths for oil and steam, specifically for mixing the two substances to improve the combustion.
  • the steam is supplied from a steam source.
  • the object of the invention is to design a generic burner system such that simple modulation of the burner output, reliable fuel metering, fine atomization of the fuel and lambda control can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a burner system with an air duct 1, with a throttle section 2 designed here as a Venturi nozzle and a fan 3 arranged downstream thereof and an atomizer nozzle 4 arranged downstream of the fan 3.
  • the atomizer nozzle 4 sprays fuel and atomizer air into a burner mixing head 5.
  • the atomizing air is conveyed by means of a compressed air pump 6 and removed from the air duct 1 downstream of the throttle section 2.
  • An ignition device 7 is arranged in the burner mixing head.
  • the burner mixing head 5 has openings 8 on its circumference, through which exhaust gas can be recycled.
  • An exhaust gas outlet 9 has a lambda probe 10.
  • the fuel supplied to the atomizer nozzle 4 is removed from a tank 13 via a filter 11 by means of a fuel pump 12 and fed to a fuel regulator 14. The fuel reaches the atomizing nozzle 4 via a shut-off valve 15.
  • the air throughput generates a pressure difference at the throttle section 2, which is fed to the fuel regulator 14 via control lines 16 and acts on a control pressure membrane 17.
  • the air throughput is controlled by an electronic control of the speed-controlled blower 3, the control being carried out by signals from a control unit 18.
  • the fuel delivered by the fuel pump 12 reaches the fuel regulator 14 via two lines 19 and acts on a second control pressure membrane 20.
  • the line 19, from which fuel flows to the atomizer nozzle 4, has a calibration nozzle 21 and an electromagnetic control valve 22, which is dependent on the Signals of the lambda probe 10 is controlled.
  • the heat output of the burner system is controlled by electronic control of the blower 3 via the control unit 18 and uses the air flow rate which arises as a reference variable for the fuel metering.
  • the air throughput generates a significant pressure difference at the throttle section 2, which is transmitted via the control lines 16 to the control pressure membrane 17 in the fuel regulator 14.
  • the differential pressure generates an actuating force in the opening direction on the control pressure membrane 17 of a valve 23 in the fuel regulator 14, whereby the balance of the forces in the fuel regulator 14 set via two compression springs 24 is disturbed and the valve 23 is opened.
  • the equilibrium state in the fuel regulator 14 is automatically restored when an equal but opposite pressure difference forms on the second control membrane 20, as a result of which the forces on the two membranes 17, 20 cancel each other out.
  • the fuel throughput which arises in this equilibrium state results from the pressure difference at the calibration nozzle 21 and the free cross section of the calibration nozzle 21.
  • the level of the fuel pressure does not have an effect on the fuel metering above a minimum supply pressure. Regulation of the pump delivery pressure and the otherwise usual return line to the tank can therefore be dispensed with.
  • the fuel controller 14 practically controls and regulates the pressure drop (pressure difference) at the permanently calibrated calibration nozzle 21.
  • the fuel metering can be superimposed by a lambda control.
  • the control valve 22, which is preferably connected in series with the calibration nozzle 21, is used for this purpose, which is controlled as a function of the signals of the lambda probe 10 by the electronic control unit 18 in such a way that the overall calibration value of the calibration nozzle 21 and control valve 22 can be changed as desired. This ensures that regardless of the operating point, the cross-sectional changes on the control valve 22 each cause the same changes in the lambda value.
  • the metered fuel passes from the fuel regulator 14 via the shut-off valve 15 to the atomizing nozzle 4, which is arranged directly in front of the burner mixing head 5.
  • the shut-off valve arranged between the fuel regulator 14 and the atomizing nozzle 4 15 closes the fuel outlet during the downtime of the burner system.
  • the atomizing nozzle 4 is supplied with atomizing air by means of the compressed air pump 6 and is designed at its mouth in such a way that the fuel is finely atomized into the air supplied to the mixing head 6.
  • the atomizer air is removed after the throttle section 2 so that it is also taken into account when metering the fuel.
  • the function of the compressed air pump 6 is monitored by a pressure switch 25 in order to be able to detect an error in the mixture preparation, if necessary.
  • the flame is monitored by a flame sensor 26.
  • the ignition device 7 ensures the ignition of the combustion mixture.
  • the burner mixing head 5 has on its periphery the openings 8 through which exhaust gas is fed to the combustion mixture to reduce the NO
  • the structure of the burner system can be modified, for example, in the arrangement of the throttle section 2, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of a short construction.
  • a pressure drop is already created, by which the requirement for the compressed air pump 6 can be reduced.
  • the atomizing air is removed here before the throttle section 2.
  • the fuel is conveyed from the fuel tank 13 via the fuel filter 11 by means of the fuel pump 12.
  • the fuel regulator 14 is formed by a variable calibration nozzle 27, which is controlled as a function of the differential pressure at the throttle section 2, and by a differential pressure regulator 28.
  • the air flow rate that arises in each case also generates a significant pressure difference, which is transmitted via the control pressure lines 16 to a control pressure membrane 29 and generates an actuating force in the opening direction of the variable calibration nozzle 27 formed from a nozzle 30 and nozzle needle 31, which is directed against the force of a spring 32 and increases the free cross section or calibration value of the calibration nozzle 27
  • the pressure difference at the calibration nozzle 27 is always regulated to a constant value, regardless of the fuel throughput, by means of the differential pressure regulator 28, which is predetermined by the force of a compression spring 33 in the differential pressure regulator 28. This value is reached as soon as a sufficient fuel flow (quantity and pressure) is guaranteed by the fuel pump 12.
  • the respective state of equilibrium (control position) of a diaphragm 34 in the differential pressure regulator 28 is automatically set whenever a force of the same size but opposite to the compression spring 33 is formed on the diaphragm 34 from the pressure difference.
  • the different flow rate has only an insignificant effect on the stroke position of the diaphragm 34 on a valve seat 35 in the differential pressure regulator 28, as a result of which the force of the compression spring 33 and thus also the differential pressure is practically always constant as soon as a minimum supply pressure is exceeded. Control of the supply pressure and the otherwise usual return line can therefore also be dispensed with.
  • the fuel controller 14 practically controls the cross section of the calibration nozzle 27 and regulates the pressure drop (differential pressure) at the variable calibration nozzle 27 to a fixed value.
  • the fuel metering can also be overlaid by the lambda control.
  • the throttle section 2 arranged in the air duct 1 can alternatively also be designed as a diaphragm.
  • the burner system according to FIG. 1 has a heating device 37 on the calibration nozzle 21, possibly designed as a PTC resistor, with which the fuel flowing through the calibration nozzle 21 is heated to a constant temperature before it is heated by the Calibration nozzle arrives.
  • the heating device 37 can advantageously be controlled by a temperature sensor 38 arranged in the fuel, the output signals of which are processed in the control unit 18 to trigger signals for the heating device 37.
  • This heating device 37 can also be arranged in the burner system according to FIG. 3 on the calibration nozzle 27 formed from nozzle 30 and nozzle needle 31.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The burner system according to the invention has to this end the following features. The air duct (1) of the burner system has a throttle section (2), the pressure difference arising at this point being connected to a fuel regulator (14) which controls and regulates the fuel throughput of a calibrating nozzle (21, 27) arranged between fuel pump (12) and fuel nozzle (4). The new burner system is characterised by simple construction and is suitable for the modulation of the burner output in a large range. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brennersystem für flüssigen Brennstoff wie Dieselöl und dergleichen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a burner system for liquid fuel such as diesel oil and the like according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Brennersysteme sind als mit Dieselöl betriebene Luftheizgeräte im Einsatz, bei denen ein Verbrennungsluftgebläserad Verbrennungsluft fördert, außerdem fördert eine Brennstoffdosierpumpe - sie wird elektromagnetisch betrieben und von Impulsen eines vom Gebläsemotor angetriebenen Unterbrechers gesteuert- Brennstoff in genau dosierten Mengen durch eine Glüh-Flammkerze in die Brennkammer, wo er mit der Verbrennungsluft ein zündfähiges Gemisch bildet. Dieses Gemisch wird anfangs von der Glüh-Flammkerze gezündet und brennt nach Abschalten der Kerze durch Selbstzündung weiter.Such burner systems are used as air heaters operated with diesel oil, in which a combustion air blower wheel conveys combustion air, and also a fuel metering pump - it is operated electromagnetically and controlled by pulses from a breaker motor driven by the blower motor - fuel in precisely metered quantities through a glow flame candle into the combustion chamber , where it forms an ignitable mixture with the combustion air. This mixture is initially ignited by the glow flame candle and continues to burn after the candle has been switched off by self-ignition.

Gebläse und Dosierpumpe sind in ihren Fördercharakteristiken aufeinander abgestimmt bzw. eingestellt. Bei einer Heiztemperaturregelung wird das Brennersystem nur ein- und ausgeschaltet. Dies führt zu wiederholten Zündungen bei gewünschter kleiner Heizleistung und damit zu hohem Stromverbrauch und unreinem Abgas durch halb oder nicht verbrannten Brennstoff.The blower and metering pump are matched or adjusted to one another in terms of their delivery characteristics. With a heating temperature control, the burner system is only switched on and off. This leads to repeated ignitions at the desired low heating output and thus to high power consumption and impure exhaust gas from half or unburned fuel.

Aus diesem Grund ist in der DE-A1 31 02 835 bei einer gattungsgemäßen Einrichtung eine intermittierend fördernde Zumeßpumpe vorgesehen, die auf kürzestem Wege in eine Brennstoffdüse fördert. Pulsfrequenz und Förderdauer der Zumeßpumpe sind einstellbar. Wegen der in längeren Anschlußleitungen erfolgenden Dämpfung kann diese Lösung bei längeren Anschlußleitungen zwischen Pumpe und Brennerdüse nicht eingesetzt werden.For this reason, an intermittently supplying metering pump is provided in DE-A1 31 02 835 in a generic device, which pumps in the shortest possible way into a fuel nozzle. The pulse frequency and delivery time of the metering pump are adjustable. Because of the damping in longer connecting lines, this solution cannot be used for longer connecting lines between the pump and the burner nozzle.

Aus der DE-A1 30 26 693 ist ein Brennerkopf zum Verbrenner von Öl bekannt, der Strömungswege für Öl und Dampf aufweist, und zwar zur Vermischung beider Stoffe zur Verbesserung der Verbrennung. Der Dampf wird aus einer Dampfquelle zugeführt.From DE-A1 30 26 693 a burner head for the combustion of oil is known, which has flow paths for oil and steam, specifically for mixing the two substances to improve the combustion. The steam is supplied from a steam source.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein gattungsgemäßes Brennersystem derart zu gestalten, daß eine einfache Modulation der Brennerleistung, eine sichere Brennstoffzumessung, eine Feinzerstäubung des Brennstoffs und eine Lambdaregelung erreichbar werden.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to design a generic burner system such that simple modulation of the burner output, reliable fuel metering, fine atomization of the fuel and lambda control can be achieved.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst worden. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind mit den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche angegeben.This object has been achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified with the features of the subclaims.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden nachfolgend beschrieben.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are described below.

Diese zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Brennersystem,
  • Fig. 2 und 3 alternative Ausführungen.
This shows:
  • 1 shows a burner system according to the invention,
  • 2 and 3 alternative versions.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Brennersystem mit einem Luftkanal 1, mit einem hier als Venturidüse ausgebildeten Drosselabschnitt 2 und eine stromab davon angeordneten Gebläse 3 sowie einer stromab vom Gebläse 3 angeordneten Zerstäuberdüse 4. Die Zerstäuberdüse 4 sprüht Brennstoff und Zerstäuberluft in einen Brennermischkopf 5.
Die Zerstäuberluft wird mittels einer Druckluftpumpe 6 gefördert und stromab des Drosselabschnitts 2 aus dem Luftkanal 1 entnommen. Eine Zündeinrichtung 7 ist im Brennermischkopf angeordnet. Der Brennermischkopf 5 weist an seinem Umfang Öffnungen 8 auf, durch die Abgas zurückgeführt werden kann. Ein Abgasauslaß 9 weist eine Lambdasonde 10 auf.1 shows a burner system with an air duct 1, with a throttle section 2 designed here as a Venturi nozzle and a fan 3 arranged downstream thereof and an atomizer nozzle 4 arranged downstream of the fan 3. The atomizer nozzle 4 sprays fuel and atomizer air into a burner mixing head 5.
The atomizing air is conveyed by means of a compressed air pump 6 and removed from the air duct 1 downstream of the throttle section 2. An ignition device 7 is arranged in the burner mixing head. The burner mixing head 5 has openings 8 on its circumference, through which exhaust gas can be recycled. An exhaust gas outlet 9 has a lambda probe 10.

Der der Zerstäuberdüse 4 zugeführte Brennstoff wird über einen Filter 11 mittels einer Brennstoffpumpe 12 einem Tank 13 entnommen und einem Brennstoffregler 14 zugeführt. Der Brennstoff gelangt von diesem über ein Absperrventil 15 zu der Zerstäuberdüse 4.The fuel supplied to the atomizer nozzle 4 is removed from a tank 13 via a filter 11 by means of a fuel pump 12 and fed to a fuel regulator 14. The fuel reaches the atomizing nozzle 4 via a shut-off valve 15.

Der Luftdurchsatz erzeugt am Drosselabschnitt 2 eine Druckdifferenz, die über Steuerleitungen 16 dem Brennstoffregler 14 zugeführt wird und auf eine Steuerdruckmembrane 17 einwirkt.The air throughput generates a pressure difference at the throttle section 2, which is fed to the fuel regulator 14 via control lines 16 and acts on a control pressure membrane 17.

Der Luftdurchsatz wird durch eine elektronische AnSteuerung des drehzahlgeführten Gebläses 3 gesteuert, wobei die Ansteuerung durch Signale eines Steuergerätes 18 erfolgt.The air throughput is controlled by an electronic control of the speed-controlled blower 3, the control being carried out by signals from a control unit 18.

Der von der Brennstoffpumpe 12 geförderte Brennstoff gelangt über zwei Leitungen 19 in den Brennstoffregler 14 und beaufschlagt eine zweite Steuerdruckmembrane 20. Die Leitung 19, aus der Brennstoff zur Zerstäuberdüse 4 fließt, weist eine Kalibrierdüse 21 auf und ein elektromagnetisches Regelventil 22, welches in Abhängigkeit der Signale der Lambdasonde 10 angesteuert wird.The fuel delivered by the fuel pump 12 reaches the fuel regulator 14 via two lines 19 and acts on a second control pressure membrane 20. The line 19, from which fuel flows to the atomizer nozzle 4, has a calibration nozzle 21 and an electromagnetic control valve 22, which is dependent on the Signals of the lambda probe 10 is controlled.

Funktionfunction

Das Brennersystem wird in seiner Heizleistungsabgabe durch elektronische Ansteuerung des Gebläses 3 über das Steuergerät 18 gesteuert und benutzt als Führungsgröße für die Brennstoffzumessung den sich einstellenden Luftdurchsatz. Der Luftdurchsatz erzeugt am Drosselabschnitt 2 eine signifikante Druckdifferenz, die über die Steuerleitungen 16 auf die Steuerdruckmembrane 17 im Brennstoffregler 14 übertragen wird. Der Differenzdruck erzeugt an der Steuerdruckmembrane 17 eine Stellkraft in Öffnungsrichtung eines Ventils 23 im Brennstoffregler 14, wodurch das über zwei Druckfedern 24 eingestellte Gleichgewicht der Kräfte im Brennstoffregler 14 gestört wird und das Ventil 23 geöffnet wird. Der Gleichgewichtszustand im Brennstoffregler 14 stellt sich automatisch wieder ein, wenn sich an der zweiten Steuermembrane 20 eine gleichgroße aber entgegengesetzte Druckdifferenz ausbildet, wodurch sich die Kräfte an den beidem Membranen 17, 20 aufheben. Der sich bei diesem Gleichgewichtszustand einstellende Brennstoffdurchsatz ergibt sich aus der Druckdifferenz an der Kalibrierdüse 21 und dem freien Querschnitt der Kalibrierdüse 21. Die Höhe des Brennstoffdruckes wirkt sich oberhalb eines Mindestversorgungsdruckes nicht auf die Brennstoffzumessung aus. Auf eine Regelung des Pumpenförderdruckes und auf die sonst übliche Rücklaufleitung zum Tank kann deshalb verzichtet werden. Praktisch steuert und regelt der Brennstoffregler 14 bei dieser Ausführung den Druckabfall (Druckdifferenz) an der festkalibrierten Kalibrierdüse 21. Die Brennstoffzumessung kann durch eine Lambdaregelung überlagert werden. Hierzu dient das vorzugsweise in Reihe zur Kalibrierdüse 21 geschaltete Regelventil 22, welches in Abhängigkeit der Signale der Lambdasonde 10 vom elektronischen Steuergerät 18 in der Weise angesteuert wird, daß der Gesamtkalibrierwert von Kalibrierdüse 21 und Regelventil 22 im gewünschten Maße verändert werden kann. Dabei ist gewährleistet, daß unabhängig vom Betriebspunkt die Querschnittsveränderungen am Regelventil 22 jeweils gleiche Änderungen des Lambdawertes bewirken.The heat output of the burner system is controlled by electronic control of the blower 3 via the control unit 18 and uses the air flow rate which arises as a reference variable for the fuel metering. The air throughput generates a significant pressure difference at the throttle section 2, which is transmitted via the control lines 16 to the control pressure membrane 17 in the fuel regulator 14. The differential pressure generates an actuating force in the opening direction on the control pressure membrane 17 of a valve 23 in the fuel regulator 14, whereby the balance of the forces in the fuel regulator 14 set via two compression springs 24 is disturbed and the valve 23 is opened. The equilibrium state in the fuel regulator 14 is automatically restored when an equal but opposite pressure difference forms on the second control membrane 20, as a result of which the forces on the two membranes 17, 20 cancel each other out. The fuel throughput which arises in this equilibrium state results from the pressure difference at the calibration nozzle 21 and the free cross section of the calibration nozzle 21. The level of the fuel pressure does not have an effect on the fuel metering above a minimum supply pressure. Regulation of the pump delivery pressure and the otherwise usual return line to the tank can therefore be dispensed with. In this embodiment, the fuel controller 14 practically controls and regulates the pressure drop (pressure difference) at the permanently calibrated calibration nozzle 21. The fuel metering can be superimposed by a lambda control. The control valve 22, which is preferably connected in series with the calibration nozzle 21, is used for this purpose, which is controlled as a function of the signals of the lambda probe 10 by the electronic control unit 18 in such a way that the overall calibration value of the calibration nozzle 21 and control valve 22 can be changed as desired. This ensures that regardless of the operating point, the cross-sectional changes on the control valve 22 each cause the same changes in the lambda value.

Der zugemessene Brennstoff gelangt vom Brennstoffregler 14 über das Absperrventil 15 zur Zerstäuberdüse 4, welche direkt vor dem Brennermischkopf 5 angeordnet ist. Das zwischen dem Brennstoffregler 14 und der Zerstäuberdüse 4 angeordnete Absperrventil 15 verschließt während der Stillstandszeiten des Brennersystems den Brennstoffaustritt. Die Zerstäuberdüse 4 wird mittels der Druckluftpumpe 6 mit Zerstäuberluft versorgt und ist an seiner Mündung so ausgebildet, daß eine Feinzerstäubung des Brennstoffs in die dem Mischkopf 6 zugeführte Luft hinein erfolgt. Die Entnahme der Zerstäuberluft erfolgt nach dem Drosselabschnitt 2, damit diese bei der Zumessung des Brennstoffes mit berücksichtigt wird. Durch einen Druckschalter 25 wird die Funktion der Druckluftpumpe 6 überwacht, um gegebenenfalls einen Fehler bei der Gemischaufbereitung erkennen zu können. Die Überwachung der Flamme erfolgt durch einen Flammensensor 26. Die Zündeinrichtung 7 sorgt für die Entflammung des Brenngemisches. Der Brennermischkopf 5 hat an seinem Umfang die Öffnungen 8, durch die Abgas dem Brenngemisch zur Senkung der NOx-Emission zugeführt wird.The metered fuel passes from the fuel regulator 14 via the shut-off valve 15 to the atomizing nozzle 4, which is arranged directly in front of the burner mixing head 5. The shut-off valve arranged between the fuel regulator 14 and the atomizing nozzle 4 15 closes the fuel outlet during the downtime of the burner system. The atomizing nozzle 4 is supplied with atomizing air by means of the compressed air pump 6 and is designed at its mouth in such a way that the fuel is finely atomized into the air supplied to the mixing head 6. The atomizer air is removed after the throttle section 2 so that it is also taken into account when metering the fuel. The function of the compressed air pump 6 is monitored by a pressure switch 25 in order to be able to detect an error in the mixture preparation, if necessary. The flame is monitored by a flame sensor 26. The ignition device 7 ensures the ignition of the combustion mixture. The burner mixing head 5 has on its periphery the openings 8 through which exhaust gas is fed to the combustion mixture to reduce the NOx emission.

Das Brennersystem kann in seine Aufbau beispielsweise in der Anordnung des Drosselabschnittes 2, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, modifiziert werden. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil einer kurzen Bauweise. Weiterhin wird bei Anordnung der Zerstäuberdüsenmündung im engsten Querschnitt des Drosselabschnittes 2 bereits ein Druckgefälle geschaffen, um welches die Anforderung an die Druckluftpumpe 6 verringert werden kann. Die Zerstäuberluftentnahme erfolgt hier vor dem Drosselabschnitt 2. Die Brennstofförderung erfolgt aus dem Brennstofftank 13 über den Brennstoffilter 11 mittels der Brennstoffpumpe 12.The structure of the burner system can be modified, for example, in the arrangement of the throttle section 2, as shown in FIG. 2. This arrangement has the advantage of a short construction. Furthermore, when the atomizer nozzle mouth is arranged in the narrowest cross section of the throttle section 2, a pressure drop is already created, by which the requirement for the compressed air pump 6 can be reduced. The atomizing air is removed here before the throttle section 2. The fuel is conveyed from the fuel tank 13 via the fuel filter 11 by means of the fuel pump 12.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Ausführung, bei der der Brennstoffregler 14 durch eine variable Kalibrierdüse 27, die vom Differenzdruck am Drosselabschnitt 2 abhängig gesteuert wird, und durch einen Differenzdruckregler 28 gebildet wird.3 shows an embodiment in which the fuel regulator 14 is formed by a variable calibration nozzle 27, which is controlled as a function of the differential pressure at the throttle section 2, and by a differential pressure regulator 28.

Der sich jeweils einstellende Luftdurchsatz erzeugt ebenfalls eine signifikante Druckdifferenz, die über die Steuerdruckleitungen 16 auf eine Steuerdruckmembrane 29 übertragen wird und eine Stellkraft in Öffnungsrichtung der aus einer Düse 30 und Düsennadel 31 gebildeten variablen Kalibrierdüse 27 erzeugt, die entgegen der Kraft einer Feder 32 gerichtet ist und den freien Querschnitt bzw. Kalibrierwert der Kalibrierdüse 27 vergrößertThe air flow rate that arises in each case also generates a significant pressure difference, which is transmitted via the control pressure lines 16 to a control pressure membrane 29 and generates an actuating force in the opening direction of the variable calibration nozzle 27 formed from a nozzle 30 and nozzle needle 31, which is directed against the force of a spring 32 and increases the free cross section or calibration value of the calibration nozzle 27

Die Druckdifferenz an der Kalibrierdüse 27 wird unabhängig vom Brennstoffdurchsatz mittels des Differenzdruckreglers 28 stets auf einen konstanten Wert geregelt, der durch die Kraft einer Druckfeder 33 im Differenzdruckregler 28 vorgegeben ist. Dieser Wert wird erreicht, sobald ein ausreichender Brennstoffzufluß (Menge und Druck) durch die Brennstoffpumpe 12 gewährleistet wild. Der jeweilige Gleichgewichtszustand (Regelposition) einer Membran 34 im Differenzdruckregler 28 stellt sich automatisch immer dann ein, wenn sich an der Membran 34 eine gleichgroße aber der Druckfeder 33 entgegengesetzte Kraft aus der Druckdifferenz ausbildet. Dabei wirkt sich der unterschiedliche Mengendurchfluß nur unwesentlich auf die Hubstellung der Membran 34 an einem Ventilsitz 35 im Differenzdruckregler 28 aus, wodurch auch die Kraft der Druckfeder 33 und damit auch der Differenzdruck praktisch immer konstant ist, sobald ein Mindestversorgungsdruck überschritten wird. Auf eine Regelung des Versorgungsdruckes und auf die sonst übliche Rücklaufleitung kann deshalb ebenso verzichtet werden. Praktisch steuert bei dieser Ausführung der Brennstoffregler 14 den Querschnitt der Kalibrierdüse 27 und regelt den Druckabfall (Differenzdruck) an der variablen Kalibrierdüse 27 auf einen festen Wert.The pressure difference at the calibration nozzle 27 is always regulated to a constant value, regardless of the fuel throughput, by means of the differential pressure regulator 28, which is predetermined by the force of a compression spring 33 in the differential pressure regulator 28. This value is reached as soon as a sufficient fuel flow (quantity and pressure) is guaranteed by the fuel pump 12. The respective state of equilibrium (control position) of a diaphragm 34 in the differential pressure regulator 28 is automatically set whenever a force of the same size but opposite to the compression spring 33 is formed on the diaphragm 34 from the pressure difference. The different flow rate has only an insignificant effect on the stroke position of the diaphragm 34 on a valve seat 35 in the differential pressure regulator 28, as a result of which the force of the compression spring 33 and thus also the differential pressure is practically always constant as soon as a minimum supply pressure is exceeded. Control of the supply pressure and the otherwise usual return line can therefore also be dispensed with. In this embodiment, the fuel controller 14 practically controls the cross section of the calibration nozzle 27 and regulates the pressure drop (differential pressure) at the variable calibration nozzle 27 to a fixed value.

Die Brennstoffzumessung kann ebenfalls durch die Lambdaregelung überlagert werden. Hierzu dient ein vorzugsweise auf die Membran 34 wirkender Elektromagnetsteller 36, welcher in Abhängigkeit der Signale der Lambdasonde 10 vom elektronischen Steuergerät 18 in der Weise angesteuert wird, daß durch Magnetkraft die Druckdifferenz am Differenzdruckregler 28 und damit die Brennstoffzumessung in gewünschter Weise verändert werden kann. Dabei ist gewährleistet, daß unabhängig vom Betriebspunkt die Magnetkraftänderungen am Differenzregler 28 jeweils Änderungen des Lambdawertes bewirken.The fuel metering can also be overlaid by the lambda control. This is what a Electromagnetic actuator 36, preferably acting on the membrane 34, which is controlled as a function of the signals of the lambda probe 10 by the electronic control unit 18 in such a way that the pressure difference at the differential pressure regulator 28 and thus the fuel metering can be changed in the desired manner by magnetic force. This ensures that the magnetic force changes on the differential controller 28 each cause changes in the lambda value, regardless of the operating point.

Es versteht sich von selbst, daß der im Luftkanal 1 angeordnete Drosselabschnitt 2 alternativ auch als Blende ausgeführt sein kann.It goes without saying that the throttle section 2 arranged in the air duct 1 can alternatively also be designed as a diaphragm.

In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist das Brennersystem nach Fig. 1 an der Kalibrierdüse 21 eine Heizeinrichtung 37 auf, ggf. als PTC-Widerstand ausgeführt, mit der der durch die Kalibrierdüse 21 strömende Brennstoff auf eine konstante Temperatur beheizt wird, bevor er durch die Kalibrierdüse gelangt. Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß keine Viskositätsunterschiede verursacht durch unterschiedliche Brennstofftemperaturen an der Düse 21 bestehen, so daß eine äußerst genaue Brennstoffzumessung gegeben ist. Vorteilhafterweise kann die Heizeinrichtung 37 durch einen im Brennstoff angeordneten Temperatursensor 38 kontrolliert werden, dessen Ausgangssignale im Steuergerät 18 zu Ansteuersignalen für die Heizeinrichtung 37 verarbeitet werden. Diese Heizeinrichtung 37 kann ebenfallls bei dem Brennersystem nach Fig. 3 an der aus Düse 30 und Düsennadel 31 gebildeten Kalibrierdüse 27 angeordnet sein.In a preferred development of the invention, the burner system according to FIG. 1 has a heating device 37 on the calibration nozzle 21, possibly designed as a PTC resistor, with which the fuel flowing through the calibration nozzle 21 is heated to a constant temperature before it is heated by the Calibration nozzle arrives. This measure ensures that there are no viscosity differences caused by different fuel temperatures at the nozzle 21, so that an extremely precise fuel metering is given. The heating device 37 can advantageously be controlled by a temperature sensor 38 arranged in the fuel, the output signals of which are processed in the control unit 18 to trigger signals for the heating device 37. This heating device 37 can also be arranged in the burner system according to FIG. 3 on the calibration nozzle 27 formed from nozzle 30 and nozzle needle 31.

Claims (11)

Brennersystem für flüssige Brennstoffe wie Dieselöl udgl., bestehend aus einem in einem Luftkanal angeordneten, Verbrennungsluft fördernden Gebläse, einer stromab davon angeordneten Brennstoffdüse und einer in Abhängigkeit von der Gebläsemotordrehzahl bzw. dem daraus resultierenden Luftdurchsatz fördernden Brennstoffpumpe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftkanal (1) einen Drosselabschnitt (2) aufweist (Blende oder Düse) und die an diesem auftretende Druckdifferenz auf einen Brennstoffregler (14) geschaltet wird, der den Brennstoffdurchsatz einer zwischen Brennstoffpumpe (12) und Brennstoffdüse (14) angeordneten Kalibrierdüse (21, 27) steuert und regelt.Burner system for liquid fuels such as diesel oil and the like, consisting of a fan arranged in an air duct and conveying combustion air, a fuel nozzle arranged downstream of it and a fuel pump depending on the fan motor speed or the resulting air flow rate, characterized in that the air duct (1 ) has a throttle section (2) (orifice or nozzle) and the pressure difference occurring there is switched to a fuel regulator (14) which controls the fuel throughput of a calibration nozzle (21, 27) arranged between the fuel pump (12) and fuel nozzle (14) and regulates. Brennersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoffregler (14) den Druckabfall (Druckdifferenz) an der festkalibrierten Kalibrierdüse (21) steuert und regelt.Burner system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel regulator (14) controls and regulates the pressure drop (pressure difference) at the permanently calibrated calibration nozzle (21). Brennersystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoffregler (14) den Kalibriertwert der variablen Kalibrierdüse (27) steuert und den Druckabfall (Differenzdruck) an der Kalibrierdüse (27) auf einen fest Wert regelt.Burner system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel regulator (14) controls the calibration value of the variable calibration nozzle (27) and regulates the pressure drop (differential pressure) at the calibration nozzle (27) to a fixed value. Brennersystem nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kalibrierwert und/oder der Druckabfall (Differenzdruck) an der Kalibrierdüse (21, 27) in Abhängigkeit von Signalen einer im Abgasauslaß (9) angeordneten Lambdasonde (10) gesteuert und geregelt wird.Burner system according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the calibration value and / or the pressure drop (differential pressure) at the calibration nozzle (21, 27) is controlled and regulated as a function of signals from a lambda probe (10) arranged in the exhaust gas outlet (9). Brennersystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kalibrierwert (Querschnitt) bzw. der Druckabfall durch einen Elektromagnetsteller bzw. ein -ventil (36 bzw. 22) gesteuert wird.Burner system according to Claim 4, characterized in that the calibration value (cross section) or the pressure drop is controlled by an electromagnetic actuator or valve (36 or 22). Brennersystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftdurchsatz zur Leistungssteuerung durch elektronische Ansteuerung des drehzahlgeführten Gebläses (3) eingestellt wird.Burner system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air throughput for power control is set by electronic control of the speed-controlled fan (3). Brennersystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstoffdüse als bekannte Zerstäubungsdüse (4) mit Anschluß für Zerstäuberluft ausgeführt ist, wobei diese über eine Druckluftpumpe (6) gefördert wird.Burner system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel nozzle is designed as a known atomizing nozzle (4) with a connection for atomizing air, which is conveyed via a compressed air pump (6). Brennersystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Entnahme der Zerstäuberluft im Luftkanal (7) im selben Abschnitt, vor oder hinter dem Drosselabschnitt (2), in dem die Zerstäubungsdüse (4) angeordnet ist, erfolgt.Burner system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the atomizing air is removed in the air duct (7) in the same section, in front of or behind the throttle section (2) in which the atomizing nozzle (4) is arranged. Brennersystem nach Anspruch 7, 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckluftpumpe (6) durch einen Überwachungsschalter (25) überwacht wird.Burner system according to Claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the compressed air pump (6) is monitored by a monitoring switch (25). Brennersystem nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstofftemperatur (21, 27) durch eine Heizeinrichtung (37) auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur beheizt und geregelt wird.Burner system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel temperature (21, 27) is heated and regulated to a predetermined temperature by a heating device (37). Brennersystem nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennstofftemperatur durch einen Temperatursensor (38) ermittelt wird, dessen Ausgangssignale zu Ansteuersignalen für die Heizeinrichtung (37) verarbeitet werden.Burner system according to Claim 10, characterized in that the fuel temperature is determined by a temperature sensor (38), the output signals of which are processed into control signals for the heating device (37).
EP93101986A 1992-02-15 1993-02-09 Burner system for liquid fuel Withdrawn EP0556693A1 (en)

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DE4204592A DE4204592A1 (en) 1992-02-15 1992-02-15 BURNER SYSTEM FOR LIQUID FUEL
DE4204592 1992-02-15

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EP2317228A3 (en) * 2009-10-30 2015-02-18 Mr Tsung-Hsien Kuo Method and device for feeding powdered fuel into the combustor of an open cycle gas turbine
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EP0556694B1 (en) 1996-05-01
DE4204592A1 (en) 1993-08-19
ATE137577T1 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0556694A1 (en) 1993-08-25

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