EP0555342B1 - Syndet in stückform mit langkettigen alkylsulphaten zur verbesserung der verarbeitbarkeit und der stückeigenschaften - Google Patents

Syndet in stückform mit langkettigen alkylsulphaten zur verbesserung der verarbeitbarkeit und der stückeigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0555342B1
EP0555342B1 EP91920209A EP91920209A EP0555342B1 EP 0555342 B1 EP0555342 B1 EP 0555342B1 EP 91920209 A EP91920209 A EP 91920209A EP 91920209 A EP91920209 A EP 91920209A EP 0555342 B1 EP0555342 B1 EP 0555342B1
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Prior art keywords
bar
syndet
long chain
alkyl
syndet bar
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP91920209A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0555342A1 (de
Inventor
James Robert Schwartz
Wayne Ellis Eccard
Theresa Anne Bakken
Lawrence Allen Gilbert
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
    • C11D1/10—Amino carboxylic acids; Imino carboxylic acids; Fatty acid condensates thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/126—Acylisethionates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/16—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cleansing bars based on synthetic surfactants and to processes of making them.
  • Synthetic surfactant-based personal cleansing bars have attracted much interest recently because they tend to be milder to the skin than soap-based products. This mildness, however, comes with negatives to both the manufacturer and the consumer. The manufacturer experiences difficult processability due to the sticky nature of such products, as well as high raw material costs. The consumer experiences the negative performance properties of smear, bar softness and consequently high wear rates.
  • This invention relates to skin cleansing syndet bar compositions which provide improved processability and still maintain consumer acceptable bar quality. Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide a composition which exhibits improved processability.
  • This invention is an improved mild personal cleansing syndet bar comprising: at least 18% by weight long chain alkyl sulfate having essentially saturated C15-C22, preferably C16-C18, alkyl chains, preferably cetearyl sulfate, combined with a selected plasticizer preferably selected from paraffin, fatty acids, and polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof.
  • the matrix provides the physical characteristics (processability and bar messiness) while the actives provide lathering and mild properties.
  • the matrix if not chosen correctly, can impede lather generation, cause poor bar feel, enhance wear rate beyond an acceptable level, and/or reduce product mildness.
  • the actives must be chosen so as to provide acceptable levels of lathering without negatively impacting mildness, a common tradeoff in formulations.
  • a syndet bar comprising: (1) from 18% to 55%, preferably from 20% to 45%, of C15-C22, preferably C16-C18, essentially saturated long alkyl (chain) sulfates; (2) from 10% to 50%, preferably from 15% to 40% plasticizer having a melting point of from 23°C to 110°C; (3) preferably from 10% to 50%, more preferably from 15% to 40%, high lathering, mild surfactants; (4) from 0% to 20%, preferably from 5% to 15%, sodium soap; and (5) from 2% to 10%, preferably from 3% to 8%, water.
  • the long chain alkyl sulfates comprise said long chain alkyl chains at a level of at least 90%, preferably 93%, and more preferably 97%.
  • the long chain alkyl sulfates are derived from corresponding saturated straight chain alcohols.
  • the preferred alkyl sulfate has a ratio of C16 and C18 alkyl chains of from 4:1 to 1:4.
  • a commercially available C16-C18 alkyl sulfate is SIPON® EC-111 (formerly SIPEX® EC-111), sodium cetearyl sulfate, which is approximately 60% C16 and 36% C18.
  • SIPON® EC-111 is sold by Alcolac Company, Baltimore, MD 21226.
  • Henkel Corp. Ambler, PA 19002.
  • Henkel's sodium cetearyl sulfate LANETTE E (RTM)
  • RTM is an estimated 50-50% C16-C18 alkyl sulfate sold as an emulsifier.
  • syndet bar means that the bar has more synthetic surfactant than soap unless otherwise specified.
  • AS syndet bar means a syndet bar containing alkyl sulfate surfactant.
  • surfactant mildness can be measured by a skin barrier destruction test which is used to assess the irritancy potential of surfactants. In this test the milder the surfactant, the lesser the skin barrier is destroyed. Skin barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radiolabeled water (3H-H2O) which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the physiological buffer contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T.J. Franz in the J. Invest. Dermatol. , 1975, 64, pp.
  • the long chain alkyl sulfate comprises 18-55% by weight of the bars of this invention.
  • Other syndet bar ingredients are selected from: other surfactants, polymeric skin feel aids, moisturizers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
  • a preferred syndet bar comprises: 20-45% of cetearyl sulfate; 5-15% soap; and 1-35%, preferably 5-30%, moisturizer; 10-50% plasticizers; and 2-10%, preferably 3-8%, water.
  • the synthetic detergent surfactant system in the bars should contain the long chain alkyl sulfate.
  • detergent surfactants can be used; particularly from 10% to 50%, preferably from 15% to 40%, of lather enhancing detergent co-surfactant, e.g., mild ones, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkylglycerylether sulfonate, and sulfonated fatty acids.
  • lather enhancing detergent co-surfactant e.g., mild ones, e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, alkylglycerylether sulfonate, and sulfonated fatty acids.
  • surfactants examples include other alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates, methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl amine oxides, betaines, sultaines, and mixtures thereof.
  • alkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12 ethoxy groups, especially ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates.
  • Alkyl chains for these other surfactants are C8-C22, preferably C10-C18.
  • the acyl esters of isethionic acid salts, with esters of C16-C18 acyl isethionates and no more than 25% or lower C14 acyl groups are also useful.
  • Preferred is stearoyl isethioniate with C14 3%; C16 50%; and C18 47%.
  • Alkyl glycosides and methyl glucose esters are preferred mild nonionics which may be mixed with other mild anionic or amphoteric surfactants in the compositions of this invention.
  • the bars of this invention have up to 10% of shorter chain or traditional (coconut) alkyl sulfates and still maintain the mildness requirement of the bar.
  • a second essential material of the present invention is a plastic binder, also referred to herein as a plasticizer.
  • the syndet bar of this invention also comprises from 10% to 50%, preferably from 15% to 40%, plasticizer.
  • the plasticizers suitable for use in the compositions according to the present invention have melting points in the range of from 23°C to 110°C, preferably from 30°C to 100°C.
  • the plasticizer is selected from paraffin, fatty acid, and polyethylene glycols.
  • the preferred cation in the AS salt is sodium. However, other cations such as triethanolammonium (TEA), ammonium, and K, etc., are also usable.
  • cationic polymer includes naturally and synthetically derived cationic polymers.
  • CN means coconut and “T” means tallow herein, unless otherwise specified. All percentages and proportions are by weight, unless otherwise specified.
  • a preferred synbar contains a mixture of free fatty acid (or polyethylene glycol) and paraffin at a ratio of from 3:1 to 1:1.
  • a preferred AS syndet bar also contains from 10% to 35% moisturizer, preferably one selected from glycerin and free fatty acid or mixtures thereof.
  • the free fatty acid serves the purpose as moisturizing and plasticizer ingredient.
  • the syndet bar of this invention may comprise 0% to about 5% of a suitably fast hydrating cationic polymer.
  • the polymers have molecular weights of from 1000 to 3,000,000.
  • the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of:
  • members of the cationic polysaccharide class include the cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose JR 400 made by Union Carbide Corporation; the cationic starches Stalok® 100, 200, 300 and 400 made by Staley, Inc.; the cationic galactomannans based on guar gum of the Galactasol 800 series by Henkel, Inc. and the Jaguar Series by Celanese Corporation.
  • Examples of members of the class of copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic monomers include those composed of cellulose derivatives (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose) and N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
  • cellulose derivatives e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose
  • N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under the trade name Celquat.
  • the cationic synthetic polymers useful in the present invention are cationic polyalkylene imines, ethoxypolyalklene imines, and poly[N-[-3-(dimethylammonio)propyl]-N'-[3-(ethyleneoxyethylene dimethylammonio)propyl]urea dichloride] the latter of which is available from Miranol Chemical Company, Inc. under the trademark of Miranol A-15, CAS Reg. No. 68555-36-2.
  • Preferred cationic polymeric skin conditioning agents used in the present invention are those cationic polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights of 1,000 to 3,000,000. More preferred molecular weights are from 2,500 to 350,000. These polymers have a polysaccharide backbone comprised of galactomannan units and a degree of cationic substitution ranging from 0.04 per anhydroglucose unit to 0.80 per anhydroglucose unit with the substituent cationic group being the adduct of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural polysaccharide backbone. Examples are JAGUAR C-14-S, C-15 and C-17 sold by Celanese Corporation. In order to achieve the benefits described in this invention, the polymer must have characteristics, either structural or physical which allow it to be suitably and fully hydrated and subsequently well incorporated into the soap matrix.
  • perfumes can be used in formulating the skin cleansing products, generally at a level of from 0.1% to 1.5% of the composition.
  • Alcohols, hydrotropes, colorants, and fillers such as talc, clay, calcium carbonate and dextrin can also be used.
  • Cetearyl alcohol is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols.
  • Preservatives e.g., sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), generally at a level of less than 1% of the composition, can be incorporated in the cleansing products to prevent color and odor degradation.
  • Antibacterials can also be incorporated, usually at levels up to 1.5%.
  • the syndet bars of this invention have a pH of from 4 to 9 in a 1% aqueous solution.
  • the preferred pH is 5 to 8, more preferably about 7.
  • the rolling cylinder adhesion test is designed to simulate the adhesion of the processed synbar formulation to the surfaces of the processing equipment (drying/flaking/plodding/milling/stamping). It has been shown to correlate with stickiness of products during processing. This stickiness is inversely related to overall bar processability.
  • the synbar of this invention has a Relative RCAT (Rolling Cylinder Adhesion Test) Value of less than 1, preferably less than 0.9, and more preferably less than 0.8. A Relative RCAT Value of 1 is assigned to a comparable bar made without the processing aid.
  • the equipment used for this test is the following.
  • An inclined plane (15°) with raised edges is used as the base for the rolling cylinder.
  • the cylinder itself is made from plexiglass tubing of 101.6 mm (4") outer diameter and 30.2 cm (11-7/8") overall length; it weighs 735.2 grams.
  • the RCAT data is a measure of processability in that it correlates very well with stickiness during processing. Comparative Example 1 is difficult to process because the material adheres to cooling, plodding and stamping equipment during manufacture. All formulas which have a relative RCAT value of less than 1.0, therefore, are easier to process. Of Examples 3-44, for which data are available, all have lower RCAT values and improved processability.
  • Hygroscopicity is the tendency for a product to take up water under equilibrium conditions. It is a causative factor in the stickiness of materials. The higher the hygroscopicity, the stickier and more difficult to process a material tends to be.
  • Hygroscopicity is measured by shaving approximately one gram of a bar product and knowing the initial weight and moisture accurately.
  • the shaved product is placed in a constant temperature (80°F-27°C), constant humidity (80% R.H.) environment.
  • the total weight of the sample is taken hourly until no further weight is gained.
  • the difference between the initial and final weights is the increase in moisture content of the sample; this value, when combined with the initial moisture, is the hygroscopicity.
  • the crutcher mix is dried and cooled using a combination flash chamber and chill roll or chill belt.
  • the crutcher mix is first heated to approximately 300°F (149°C) by a heat exchanger and then flash dried in a chamber above the chill roll or chill belt. From the flash chamber the hot, dried mix is extruded onto the chill roll or chill belt.
  • the chill belt or chill roll provides a uniform, thin, cool (85-95°F, 29-35°C) product in flake or chip form. Typical moisture for the flake is 1-10%, preferably about 2-4.5%.
  • the ways to regulate the moisture in the order of preference, are (1) increasing or decreasing steam pressure on the heat exchanger; (2) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix rate to the heat exchanger; and (3) increasing or decreasing crutcher mix temperature to the heat exchanger.
  • the flakes are weighed and mixed in a batch amalgamator to obtain uniform flake size. Preweighed perfume is added to the flakes and mixed in the amalgamator to obtain the desired finished product perfume level. The perfumed flakes are transferred to the mix hopper or directly to the plodder.
  • the 3-roll soap mills are set up with the first roll at 120°F (49°C) and the other two mills at about 44°F (7°C).
  • the material is passed through the mills several times to provide a homogeneous mixture of perfume and dried flakes.
  • the plodder is set up with the barrel temperature at about 125°F (52°C) and the nose temperature at 120°F (49°C).
  • the ideal plodder is a dual stage plodder that allows use of a vacuum of about 50.8-84.5 kPa (15-25 inches of Hg).
  • the plugs should be cut in 127 mm (5") sections and stamped with a cold die block using die liquor such as alcohol, if appropriate.
  • Example 1 is an AGS-based, state-of-the-art product
  • Example 2 is an estimated formulation of Colgate-Palmolive VEL® syndet bar with ⁇ 15.0% sodium cetearyl sulfate.
  • Examples 3-49 contain from 26-46% sodium cetearyl sulfate and represent the broad range of formulations acceptable within the matrix of this invention.
  • the sodium cetearyl sulfate contains primary C16-C18 alkyl chains.
  • Comparative Example 1 is the control bar for assessing processability of the bars of this invention. See Table 4. Using this comparative example, it will be shown that bars described below have improved processability without sacrificing mildness or other bar performance properties.
  • Comparative Example 2 is a standard syndet bar made by the Colgate-Palmolive Co. under the name Vel®. This product contains an estimated 10% to 15% sodium cetearyl sulfate, significantly less than the levels required in the present invention. Additionally, the Vel bar has unacceptable bar use properties such as smear and lather volume. TABLE 4 Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (Wt.%) Ingredient Ex. 1 Ex.
  • Examples 3-46 are all based on a matrix composed of sodium cetearyl sulfate (26-46%) and stearic acid (0-20%).
  • various lathering surfactants such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (0-20%); sodium cocoglycerylether sulfonate (0-35%); sodium cocoyl isethionate (0-17%); and sodium soap (0-15%).
  • Lauric acid (0-20%) along with the stearic acid, are added to ensure product pH less than or equal to 7.5.
  • Processing aids such as plasticizers (paraffin, cottonseed oil and PEG-8000), and fillers, calcium carbonate and dextrins are added (0-15%) to reduce stickiness and improve plodding.
  • Examples 31, 41 and 46 are highly preferred syndet bars which are easy to process while still performing well in terms of bar properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Syndet-Selfenstück für die Körperreinigung, umfassend: 18 % bis 55 % im wesentlichen gesättigtes langkettiges C₁₅-C₂₂-Alkylsulfat; 0 bis 10 % Alkylsulfat mit einer Kettenlänge von weniger als C₁₅; 0 % bis 20 % Seife; und 10 % bis 50 % eines Kunststoff-Bindemittels mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 23°C bis 110°C, welches Kunststoff-Bindemittel aus Paraffin, Fettsäuren, Polyethylenglykolen und Mischungen davon ausgewählt ist; welches Syndet-Seifenstück in 1 %-iger wäßriger Lösung einen pH-Wert von 4.0 bis 8.0 aufweist.
  2. Syndet-Seifenstück für die Körperreinigung nach Anspruch 1, worin das Kunststoff-Bindemittel aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, die aus Paraffin, Wachsen und Fettsäuren besteht.
  3. Syndet-Seifenstück nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin der Gehalt an langkettigem Alkylsulfat 20 bis 45 Gew.-% des Seifenstücks ausmacht und die Seife 5 bis 15 Gew.-% des Seifenstücks beträgt, und wobei der Schmelzpunkt des Kunststoff-Bindemittels 30°C bis 100°C und die Länge der Kette C₁₆-C₁₈ betragen.
  4. Syndet-Seifenstück für die Körperreinigung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin das Seifenstück 15 % bis 40 % des Kunststoff-Bindemittels umfaßt; und das langkettige Alkylsulfat in einer Menge von 20 % bis 45 % vorhanden ist und ein gesättigtes langkettiges Alkylsulfat-Tensid ist mit gesättigten Alkylketten mit 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen; und enthaltend 15 % bis 40 % eines milden Co-Tensids.
  5. Syndet-Selfenstück nach Anspruch 4, worin das milde Co-Tensid aus stärker schäumendem Natriumlauroylsarcosinat, Alkylglycerylethersulfonat, Natriumcocoylisethionat, Stearoylisethionat und Mischungen davon ausgewählt ist und 2.0 % bis 10 % Wasser enthält, wobei das Syndet-Selfenstück ein gewalztes Selfenstück ist und in 1 %-iger wäßriger Lösung einen pH-Wert von 5 bis 8 aufweist.
  6. Syndet-Seifenstück nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin das synthetische Seifenstück andere Bestandteile, ausgewählt aus Befeuchtungsmitteln, Farbstoffen, Lösungsmitteln, Füllstoffen, anderen Tensiden, polymeren Hilfsstoffen zur Verbesserung der Zartheit der Haut und der Milde, Duftstoffen und Konservierungsmitteln und Wasser in einer Menge von 3 % bis 8 % enthält und das Seifenstück C₁₆- und C₁₈-Alkylketten in einem Verhältnis von 4:1 bis 1:4 enthält.
  7. Syndet-Seifenstück zur Körperreinigung nach Anspruch 4, worin das milde Co-Tensid aus Natriumlauroylsarcosinat, Alkylglycerylethersulfonat, Natriumcocoylisethionat, Stearoylisethionat und Mischungen davon ausgewählt ist und 2,0 % bis 10 % Wasser enthält; das Syndet-Seifenstück ein gewalztes Seifenstück ist und der pH-Wert in 1 %-iger wäßriger Lösung 5 bis 8 beträgt; und worin das Seifenstück C₁₆- und C₁₈-Alkylketten in einem Verhältnis von 4:1 bis 1:4 enthält und 15 % bis 40 % einer Mischung aus freien Fettsäuren und Paraffin in einem Verhältnis von 3:1 bis 1:1 enthält.
  8. Syndet-Seifenstück nach Anspruch 3, worin das Kunststoff-Bindemittel eine Mischung aus freier Fettsäure oder Polyethylenglykol und Paraffin in einem Verhältnis von 3:1 bis 1:1 ist.
EP91920209A 1990-10-30 1991-10-21 Syndet in stückform mit langkettigen alkylsulphaten zur verbesserung der verarbeitbarkeit und der stückeigenschaften Expired - Lifetime EP0555342B1 (de)

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US60561490A 1990-10-30 1990-10-30
PCT/US1991/007774 WO1992007931A1 (en) 1990-10-30 1991-10-21 Syndet bar with long chain alkyl sulfates for improved processability and bar characteristics
US605614 2000-06-28

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EP0555342A1 EP0555342A1 (de) 1993-08-18
EP0555342B1 true EP0555342B1 (de) 1995-12-20

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JP (1) JPH06504764A (de)
CN (1) CN1062164A (de)
AT (1) ATE131865T1 (de)
AU (1) AU8929291A (de)
BR (1) BR9107038A (de)
CA (1) CA2095039A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69115714T2 (de)
EG (1) EG19712A (de)
FI (1) FI931933A (de)
IE (1) IE913772A1 (de)
MA (1) MA22329A1 (de)
MX (1) MX9101830A (de)
MY (1) MY131207A (de)
NO (1) NO931543L (de)
NZ (1) NZ240376A (de)
PT (1) PT99367A (de)
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WO (1) WO1992007931A1 (de)

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JPH04237962A (ja) * 1991-01-18 1992-08-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 平板型固体電解質燃料電池
US6326339B1 (en) * 1997-03-04 2001-12-04 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Cleansing system comprising synthetic detergent bar and pouf
US7915211B2 (en) 2005-03-18 2011-03-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Solid cleaners for heated food preparation surfaces
US20070066500A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-03-22 Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever Composition with enhanced squeaky feel
KR20220006056A (ko) 2019-05-07 2022-01-14 바스프 에스이 수성 계면활성제 조성물 및 비누 바
FR3111908A1 (fr) * 2020-06-26 2021-12-31 Samir CONSTANTINI Savon ou barre de shampoing à pH acide

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ZA677791B (de) * 1966-12-29
GB1257679A (de) * 1969-02-20 1971-12-22
GB1294754A (en) * 1969-12-01 1972-11-01 Unilever Ltd Synthetic detergent toilet bars
EP0239165A3 (de) * 1986-03-27 1988-03-23 Cornelis Van Buuren Synthetische Seife und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE3707035A1 (de) * 1987-03-05 1988-09-15 Henkel Kgaa Geformte reinigungsmittel

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CN1062164A (zh) 1992-06-24
EP0555342A1 (de) 1993-08-18
PT99367A (pt) 1992-09-30
AU8929291A (en) 1992-05-26
CA2095039A1 (en) 1992-05-01
NO931543D0 (no) 1993-04-28
DE69115714D1 (de) 1996-02-01
FI931933A0 (fi) 1993-04-29
BR9107038A (pt) 1993-08-31
MA22329A1 (fr) 1992-07-01
NZ240376A (en) 1994-11-25
EG19712A (en) 1995-12-31
FI931933A (fi) 1993-04-29
ATE131865T1 (de) 1996-01-15
MY131207A (en) 2007-07-31
JPH06504764A (ja) 1994-06-02
IE913772A1 (en) 1992-05-22
DE69115714T2 (de) 1996-08-29
WO1992007931A1 (en) 1992-05-14
NO931543L (no) 1993-06-30
TR27389A (tr) 1995-02-03
MX9101830A (es) 1992-06-05

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