EP0551336A1 - Aryl and aralkyl sulfide, sulfoxide or sulphonic compounds as charge regulators. - Google Patents
Aryl and aralkyl sulfide, sulfoxide or sulphonic compounds as charge regulators.Info
- Publication number
- EP0551336A1 EP0551336A1 EP91917235A EP91917235A EP0551336A1 EP 0551336 A1 EP0551336 A1 EP 0551336A1 EP 91917235 A EP91917235 A EP 91917235A EP 91917235 A EP91917235 A EP 91917235A EP 0551336 A1 EP0551336 A1 EP 0551336A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mono
- groups
- radicals
- independently
- atoms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- -1 aralkyl sulfide Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 10
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsonium Chemical compound [AsH4+] VUEDNLCYHKSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- PFXVKGGZWQQTSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dicyanide Chemical compound N#CS(=O)(=O)C#N PFXVKGGZWQQTSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical group NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 55
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 31
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 24
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetylpyridinium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 NEUSVAOJNUQRTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960004830 cetylpyridinium Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 7
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LBEMXJWGHIEXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SSC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O LBEMXJWGHIEXRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- QDYLMAYUEZBUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetalkonium chloride Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QDYLMAYUEZBUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 5
- BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC BJQWBACJIAKDTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- BNQRPLGZFADFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BNQRPLGZFADFGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- AOFRNZNXMCOXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O AOFRNZNXMCOXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GAMSSMZJKUMFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1SSC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 GAMSSMZJKUMFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- VCAVAURZPNANDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl-hexadecyl-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC VCAVAURZPNANDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- GEGMVGFSMYZJCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] GEGMVGFSMYZJCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VOJJJXGWYPSTLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetrapropylazanium Chemical compound C(CC)[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] VOJJJXGWYPSTLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJURQBPWASILKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 XJURQBPWASILKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQJQLYOMPSJVQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 SQJQLYOMPSJVQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001038 naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NJVOHKFLBKQLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethenylphenyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NJVOHKFLBKQLIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)N(C)C KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- BDUPKZTWQYDOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BDUPKZTWQYDOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSBNBQNBYGVODR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate;tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O FSBNBQNBYGVODR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BYWIRWXXSQWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O BYWIRWXXSQWEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HKEJSFDIUXWTNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate;trimethyl(phenyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O HKEJSFDIUXWTNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HMNPICHEHWVPNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O HMNPICHEHWVPNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEJCKKQKGZLRML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)[O-])C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] FEJCKKQKGZLRML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CLPNCWKBADVAJS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetraethylazanium Chemical compound C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)[O-])C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] CLPNCWKBADVAJS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UUGJJJFXUZCWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)[O-])C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] UUGJJJFXUZCWDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BVPTYYRQXVMWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] BVPTYYRQXVMWSS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUSLRDNECUZTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tetraethylazanium Chemical compound C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] FUSLRDNECUZTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQXFMQHJZMMEPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] BQXFMQHJZMMEPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XYPBRTRIJDLJDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 4-(4-carboxylatophenyl)sulfinylbenzoate;1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 XYPBRTRIJDLJDD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJXIPWRKSXGKSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 FJXIPWRKSXGKSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDIGLLLACQBKMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate;tetramethylazanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KDIGLLLACQBKMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BIQRYOSGGZXNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoate;1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 BIQRYOSGGZXNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YYYMFUZJXFXWTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoate;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 YYYMFUZJXFXWTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKZGJSBMVZVPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C)[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C)[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] JKZGJSBMVZVPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LOAOAGKCZNYDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C)[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C)[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] LOAOAGKCZNYDLB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHPVRMSIYNABDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] NHPVRMSIYNABDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWFAACGRZLXEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCC)[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(CCC)[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] PWFAACGRZLXEJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GTVNIARQSHLNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] GTVNIARQSHLNJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZUWEJHLKQGERS-UHFFFAOYSA-M C[N+](C(=N)NC)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C[N+](C(=N)NC)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] KZUWEJHLKQGERS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ONCBOHRPSWHCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M C[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=CC=C(C=C1)SSC1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)[O-] ONCBOHRPSWHCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GAWATUASSGIKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-M C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]C(C(C=C1)=CC=C1S(C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)=O.OC(C(C=C1)=CC=C1S(C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)=O Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-]C(C(C=C1)=CC=C1S(C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)=O.OC(C(C=C1)=CC=C1S(C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(O)=O)(=O)=O)=O GAWATUASSGIKOO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000007930 Oxalis acetosella Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008098 Oxalis acetosella Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LINDOXZENKYESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N TMG Natural products CNC(N)=NC LINDOXZENKYESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUDRVAHLXDBKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH]1CCCCC1 Chemical compound [CH]1CCCCC1 YUDRVAHLXDBKSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-O [amino(dimethylamino)methylidene]-dimethylazanium Chemical compound CN(C)C(N)=[N+](C)C KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PWHCIQQGOQTFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] PWHCIQQGOQTFAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HLTFETHLSDYHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SSC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O HLTFETHLSDYHOU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- SGQIORJAIHLLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);4-[(4-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].C1=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C1SSC1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 SGQIORJAIHLLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OGWMSAZHWSWZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium;2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound [Ba].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O OGWMSAZHWSWZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical group C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DONKMJYSATXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](C)(C)C.C(C1=C(C=CC=C1)SSC1=C(C(=O)O)C=CC=C1)(=O)[O-] DONKMJYSATXERN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IGZNHXGQHMLPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfonylbenzoate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O IGZNHXGQHMLPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DXWHYNTWQMIOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;4-(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 DXWHYNTWQMIOQT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OHTSUUYYSNTSTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(triphenyl)phosphanium;2-(2-carboxyphenyl)sulfinylbenzoate Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OHTSUUYYSNTSTL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004957 naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical class OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HXHCOXPZCUFAJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YFZDLRVCXDBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraheptylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC YFZDLRVCXDBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC QVOFCQBZXGLNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/09741—Organic compounds cationic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09733—Organic compounds
- G03G9/0975—Organic compounds anionic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of
- the compounds according to the invention have particularly high and constant charge control effects and are distinguished by the simplicity of the synthesis building blocks and the production process. In addition, these compounds show very good temperature stability and
- a "latent charge image” is generated on a photo conductor. This is done, for example, by charging a photoconductor with a corona discharge and then imagewise
- the exposure causing the charge to flow to the grounded base at the exposed locations.
- the "latent charge image" thus generated is then developed by applying a toner.
- the toner is transferred from the photoconductor to, for example, paper, textiles, foils or plastic and, for example, by means of pressure, radiation, heat or
- toners The optimization of toners is described in numerous patents, the influence of the toner binder (variation of resin / resin components or Wax / wax components), the influence of carriers (at
- a measure of the toner quality is its specific charge g / m (charge per mass unit). In addition to the sign and the level of the electrostatic charge, the most important thing is fast
- Developer mixture before it is transferred to the photoconductor, may be exposed to a considerable activation time, since it partly remains in the developer mixture over a period of production of up to several thousand copies.
- the toner is insensitive to
- climate influences such as temperature and humidity, are another important suitability criterion.
- charge control agents also called charge control agents
- toner binders generally have a strong dependence of the charge on the activation time, it is the task of a charge control agent, on the one hand, to have a sign and the amount of
- charge control agents are absolutely particularly important absolutely without their own color.
- Colorants are known to have a lasting influence on the triboelectric charging of toners (H.-T. Macholdt, A. Sieber, Dyes & Pigments 9 (1988), 119-27; - US-PS 4057426). Because of the different triboelectric effects of colorants and the resulting
- Toner rechargeability is not possible to simply use it as a colorant in a toner base formulation once created
- triboelectric can. very different colorants based on a toner base formulation once created with one and the same charge control agent in the different toners required (yellow, cyan,
- Magenta and possibly black can be used. It is also important in practice that the charge control agents have high thermal stability and good dispersibility. Typical incorporation temperatures for
- Charge control agents are in the toner resins when using e.g. B. Kneaders or extruders between 100 ° C and 200 ° C. Accordingly, a thermal stability of> 200 ° C, better still> 250 ° C, is of great advantage. It is also important that the thermal stability is guaranteed over a longer period (approx. 30 min.) And in different binder systems. This is significant because it keeps recurring
- Typical toner binders are polymerization,
- Polyaddition and polycondensation resins such as B. styrene, styrene acrylate, styrene butadiene, acrylate, polyester, phenol and epoxy resins, individually or in combination, which may contain other ingredients such as colorants, waxes or flow aids, or can be added afterwards.
- the charge control agent preferably has no wax-like properties, no stickiness and a melting or
- Dispersing no homogeneous distribution is achieved because the material z. B. merges into droplets in the carrier material.
- charge control agents can also be used to improve electrophotographic toners and developers.
- charge control agents can also be used to improve electrophotographic toners and developers.
- sprayed powder coatings such as those used for the surface coating of objects made of, for example, metal, wood, plastic, glass, ceramic, concrete, textile material, paper or rubber.
- Powder coating technology is coming. a. when painting
- the principle of frictional electricity is used.
- the powder coating or powder receives an electrostatic charge in the sprayer, which is the charge of the
- Friction partner generally a hose or spray tube (for example made of polytetrafluoroethylene), is opposite.
- Epoxy resins are typically used as powder coating resins,
- carboxyl- and hydroxyl-containing polyester resins acrylic resins and polyurethanes are used together with the corresponding hardeners. Combinations of resins are also used. For example, epoxy resins are often used in combination with carboxyl- and hydroxyl-containing polyester resins
- Typical hardener components for epoxy resins are, for example, acid anhydrides, imidazoles and dicyandiamide and their derivatives
- Polyester resins are typical hardener components, for example acid anhydrides, blocked isocyanates, bisacyl urethanes,
- Polyester resins are typical hardener components, for example triglycidyl isocyanurates or epoxy resins.
- typical hardener components in acrylic resins are
- oxazolines isocyanates, triglycidyl isocyanurates or
- the lack of insufficient charging is particularly the case with triboelectrically or electrokinetically sprayed powders and powder coatings based on polyester resins, in particular carboxyl-containing polyesters or on the basis of
- mixed powders also called hybrid powders
- Mixed powders are powder coatings whose resin base consists of a
- Polyester resin is made.
- the mixed powders form the basis for the powder coatings most commonly represented in practice.
- Powder lacquers mean that the deposition rate and wrap-around on the workpiece to be coated are insufficient. (The expression
- “Wrapping” is a measure of the extent to which a powder or powder coating is deposited on the workpiece to be coated, also on the back, cavities, gaps and especially on the inside edges and corners.) Colorless charge control agents are used in
- Charge control agents have a number of disadvantages which severely restrict their use in practice, or in some cases
- the chromium, iron, cobalt and zinc complexes described in DE-OS 3144017 and US Pat. No. 4,655,112 and the antimony organyls described in JP-OS 61-236557 also have the disadvantage, in addition to the problem of heavy metals, that they are sometimes not really colorless , and can therefore only be used to a limited extent in color toners.
- Activation period (up to 24 hours activation time) is stable, especially at high temperature and
- Charge control agent based on ammonium and immonium
- Charge control agents which are suitable per se and are based on highly fluorinated ammonium, immonium and phosphonium compounds (DE-OS 3912396, DE-OS 3837345) have the disadvantage of complex synthesis, as a result of which high production costs for the corresponding substances are incurred and are not sufficiently thermostable.
- Phosphonium salts are less effective as charge control agents than ammonium salts (U.S. Patent 4,496,643, U.S. Patent 3,893,939) and can be toxicologically problematic.
- Charge control agents based on polymeric ammonium compounds partly lead to
- Charge control properties of these substances can change due to relatively easy oxidation and moisture absorption. Furthermore, the oxidation products are colored and therefore particularly troublesome in color toners (US Pat. No. 4,840,863).
- electrophotographic toners and developers are e.g. B.
- the aim of the present invention was therefore to find new colorless charge control agents which are high and constant
- thermostabilities and dispersing properties Characterize thermostabilities and dispersing properties.
- charge control agents should be able to be synthesized from inexpensive, readily available intermediate products by simple manufacturing processes.
- n 2 or 3
- a and B independently of one another are hydrogen atoms, the corresponding equivalents of a metal ion, preferably a calcium, magnesium,
- Nickel, copper or zinc ions also an ammonium or
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 1 ⁇ independently of one another hydrogen atoms or a radical based on a hydrocarbon which can be interrupted by hetero atoms, such as, for. B. straight-chain or branched alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 22 carbon atoms, oxethyl groups of the general formula - (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n -R, wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) group, acyl group, such as the
- n is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, further one or
- aromatic radicals such as, for example, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, tolyl or bisphenyl radicals
- araliphatic radicals such as, for example, the benzyl radical, where the aliphatic, araliphatic and aromatic radicals are represented by hydroxy, alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) -, alkoxy (C 1 -C 4 ) groups, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, such as
- Naphthalimide groups and also by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, the aliphatic radicals, in particular by 1 to 33 fluorine atoms, and R 15 and R 16
- a hydrogen atom independently of one another a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, preferably chlorine, or radicals based on a Hydrocarbon, such as B. alkyl (C 1 -C 6 ) - or
- Alkoxy (C 1 -C 6 ) groups which can be interrupted by heteroatoms or represent an amino group of the general formula -NR 17 R 18 , in which R 17 and R 18 independently of one another
- Hydrocarbon preferably alkyl (C 1 -C 6 ) groups
- unsubstituted ring system with 5 to 7 atoms, the further heteroatoms, preferably nitrogen atoms and / or
- Oxygen atoms and / or sulfur atoms may contain, (phenylene, naphthylene, pyridine, piperidine and their derivatives may be mentioned as examples of such ring systems)
- the two carboxyl or carboxylate groups -COOA and -COOB can be located at any position on the respective aromatic ring, but preferably in the 2,2 'or 3,3' or 4,4'-position to one another, and where R 1 to R 8 independently of one another hydrogen atoms or radicals based on a
- Hydrocarbon which can be interrupted by heteroatoms, such as. B. a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, further
- Alkoxylene (C 1 -C 4 ) groups polyoxalkylene groups of the general formula - [alkylene (C 1 -C 5 ) -O] nR, where R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) group, an acyl group, such as
- n is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 4, furthermore mono- or polynuclear cycloaliphatic radicals of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as one
- Cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl radical mono- or polynuclear aromatic radicals, such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl or biphenyl radicals, or an araliphatic radical, such as, for example, the benzyl radical, where the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radicals mentioned are carboxylic acid - or Sulfonic acid groups, their salts or amides or esters,
- Ring systems can contain one or more heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and / or oxygen and / or sulfur and / or phosphorus atoms, and two of the radicals R 1 to R 4 or R 5 to R 8 independently of one another
- Ring systems can be modified, and wherein R 1 to R 8 are independently fluorine, chlorine, bromine or
- Tin di-4,4'-sulfinyl dibenzoate Except in toners and developers or in paints and
- Powder coatings can be claimed in the invention
- 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. II 580, (1943); 3,3'-dithiobenzoic acid: J. pharm. Soc. Japan 77, 965, 968 (1957); 4,4'-dithiobenzoic acid: J. Heterocyclic Chem. 17, 497 (1980); 2,2'-thiodibenzoic acid: reports of the German chemical society 43, 588 (1910);
- Charging behavior of the pure toner binder "Dialec S-309" is considered (comparative example: -4 ⁇ C / g after 10 minutes, -12 uC / g after 30 minutes, -27 uC / g after 2 hours, -48 u C / g after 24 hours).
- the compounds claimed according to the invention also have a charge control effect in powders and powder coatings for surface coating.
- Polyester resin Crylcoat 430 shows with 1% by weight of the monotetrabutylammonium salt of 2,2'-DTDB or with 1
- Weight percent Tiona RCL 628 (TiO 2 from SCM, England) a charge of -7 or -6 ⁇ C / g after 10 min., Of -6 or -6 ⁇ C / g after 30 min, from -5 or - 5 ⁇ C / g after 2 hours and from -4 or -4 ⁇ C / g after 24 hours activation time (example 18 or example 17), whereas the pure powder coating resin Crylcoat 430 has a charge of -20 ⁇ C / g without further additives after 10 min., -15 ⁇ C / g after 30 min., -8 ⁇ C / g after 2 hours and -4 uC / g after 24 hours.
- binders such as. B. styrene acrylates, polyesters, epoxies and polyurethanes.
- the compounds can be easily processed using the customary processes (extrusion, kneading) under the usual conditions
- the compounds used according to the invention are generally used in a concentration of about 0.01 to about 30
- % By weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 5.0 Weight percent, in the respective binder in a known manner, for. B. by extrusion or kneading, homogeneous
- the charge control agents for toners or charge-improving agents for powders and lacquers can be incorporated.
- Charge control agents were incorporated homogeneously, on standard test systems under the same conditions (such as same dispersion times, same particle size distribution, same particle shape) at room temperature and 50% relative
- the toner or powder coating was electrostatically charged by swirling with a carrier, i. H. a standardized friction partner (3 parts by weight of toner or powder to 97 parts by weight of carrier), on a roller bench (150 revolutions per minute).
- a carrier i. H. a standardized friction partner (3 parts by weight of toner or powder to 97 parts by weight of carrier)
- the electrostatic charge was then measured on a conventional q / m measuring stand (cf. J. H. Dessauer, H.E. Clark, "Xerography and related Processes", Focal Press, N.Y., 1965, page 289, or J.F. Hughes,
- the desired particle fraction was coated with a carrier made of styrene-methacrylic copolymer 90:10
- the measurement is carried out on a standard q / m measuring stand (cf.
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (0.20 mol) are added. Yield: 45.2 (99.9% of theory) 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid di (tetramethylammonium) salt of the formula
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that 36.8 g of a 40% strength aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (0.10 mol) are used instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that 73.6 g of a 40% strength aqueous tetraethylammonium hydroxide solution (0.20 mol) are used instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that 101.7 g of a 20% strength aqueous tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution (0.10 mol) are used instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- Tetrapropylammonium bromide (0.10 mol) in 300 ml of water.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that 65 g of a 40% strength aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (0.10 mol) are used instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- reaction solution After concentration, the reaction solution is dried in a circulating air cabinet at 120 ° C. Then it is ground.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, 130 g of a 40% strength aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (0.20 mol) be used.
- Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide (0.10 mol is used.
- Example 2 The procedure is as in Example 1, with the difference that 54.4 g of a 40% strength aqueous tributylmethylammonium hydroxide solution (0.10 mol) are used instead of tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- Reaction mixture is 15 hours at room temperature
- Tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution 65 g of a 40% aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution (0.10 mol) can be used.
- Example 7 The monotetrabutylammonium salt of the 2,2'-DTDB was, together with 20 parts of Tiona RCL 628 (TiO2 from SCM, England), as described in Example 1, in 69 parts of Crylcoat 430
- Example 1 described in 99 parts of Crylcoat 430
- the monotetrapropylammonium salt of 2,2'-DTDB was, as described in Example 1, incorporated into 99 parts of Atlac T 500 (polyester resin based on bisphenol-A fumarate, Atlas Chemicals, Belgium). The following q / m values were measured as a function of the activation time:
- Atlac T 500 binder described in Example 19 100 parts were, without further additives, as described in Example 1, 30 min. kneaded in a kneader, then ground, classified and measured on a q / m measuring stand. Depending on the activation time, the following were:
- Powder coating binder R Alftalat AN 757 from Hoechst AG
- Polyester resin incorporated. Depending on the
- Powder coating binder Alftalat AN 757 were without further additives, as described in Example 1, 30 min. kneaded in a kneader, and then ground, classified and measured on a q / m measuring stand. Depending on the
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
On utilise comme régulateurs de charge de toners, révélateurs, poudres ou laques en poudre électrophotographiques des composés sulfoniques, oxydes sulfoniques ou sulfures d'aryle du type structural (I), dans lequel m est égal à 1, 2 ou 3, n est égal à 0, 1 ou 2, et A et B désignent un ion hydrogène, métallique, ammonium, immonium, guanidinium, phosphonium, arsonium ou stilbonium.As charge regulators for toners, developers, powders or electrophotographic powder lacquers, sulfonic compounds, sulfonic oxides or aryl sulfides of the structural type (I), in which m is equal to 1, 2 or 3, n is equal at 0, 1 or 2, and A and B denote a hydrogen, metallic, ammonium, immonium, guanidinium, phosphonium, arsonium or stilbonium ion.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4031705 | 1990-10-06 | ||
DE4031705A DE4031705A1 (en) | 1990-10-06 | 1990-10-06 | ARYL AND ARALKYL SULPHIDE, SULFOXIDE OR SULFON COMPOUNDS AS LOADING AGENT |
PCT/EP1991/001873 WO1992006414A1 (en) | 1990-10-06 | 1991-10-01 | Aryl and aralkyl sulfide, sulfoxide or sulphonic compounds as charge regulators |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0551336A1 true EP0551336A1 (en) | 1993-07-21 |
EP0551336B1 EP0551336B1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
Family
ID=6415741
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91917235A Expired - Lifetime EP0551336B1 (en) | 1990-10-06 | 1991-10-01 | Aryl and aralkyl sulfide, sulfoxide or sulphonic compounds as charge regulators |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5378571A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0551336B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2687984B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0121884B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2093418C (en) |
DE (2) | DE4031705A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992006414A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69404736T2 (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1998-01-08 | Hoechst Celanese Corp | Polymer electrets with improved charge stability |
ES2218521T3 (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 2004-11-16 | Trevira Gmbh | ELECTREPE FIBERS WITH AN IMPROVED LOAD STABILITY, THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND TEXTILE MATERIALS CONTAINING THESE ELECTREPE FIBERS. |
DE4447593C2 (en) | 1994-10-05 | 2000-12-07 | Clariant Gmbh | Toner for electrophotographic developers containing an azo yellow pigment |
JPH0973192A (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-03-18 | Hodogaya Chem Co Ltd | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image |
US6159649A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 2000-12-12 | Clariant Gmbh | Electrophotographic, resin-containing, electret, or inkjet compositions containing magenta azo pigment and use thereof |
KR100227672B1 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1999-11-01 | 손욱 | Toner for crt black matrix and manufacture thereof |
DE19837522A1 (en) * | 1998-08-19 | 2000-02-24 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of metal carboxylates and sulfonates as charge control agents |
DE19927835A1 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-21 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of improved cyan pigments in electrophotographic toners and developers, powder coatings and ink jet inks |
DE19957245A1 (en) | 1999-11-27 | 2001-05-31 | Clariant Gmbh | New saline structural silicates with trialkyl-perfluoroalkenyl-ethyl-ammonium cation and other saline silicates are used as charge regulator in electrophotographic toner, powder lacquer, electret material or electrostatic separation |
DE10054344A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of coated pigment granules in electrophotographic toners and developers, powder coatings and ink-jet inks |
DE10221663A1 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-12-12 | Kao Corp | High stability toner especially for high-speed two-component development comprises resin binder, mixed metal oxide black pigment and quaternary ammonium salt charge generator |
US6824943B2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2004-11-30 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Toner for electrostatic image development |
JP3917455B2 (en) * | 2002-04-22 | 2007-05-23 | 花王株式会社 | Positively chargeable toner |
DE10235571A1 (en) | 2002-08-03 | 2004-02-12 | Clariant Gmbh | New magnesium-aluminum hydroxide-carbonates with sebacic acid anions and use of foliated double hydroxide salt as charge regulator in electrophotographic toner or developer, powder lacquer, electret or electrostatic separation |
DE10235570A1 (en) | 2002-08-03 | 2004-02-19 | Clariant Gmbh | Use of layered double hydroxide salts with an organic anion as charge control agents, e.g. in electrophotographic toners and developers, powder lacquers and electret materials |
DE10251394A1 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2004-05-13 | Clariant Gmbh | Triamino triphenylmethane compound with low primary aromatic amine content as determined by HPLC is useful as a wide application pigment and is obtained by Friedel-Crafts alkylation with steam distillation |
US20050261398A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | General Electric Company | Catalyst for curing epoxy resins, epoxy resin composition, and powder coating composition |
US7541130B2 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2009-06-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Sulfone charge control agents for electrostatographic toners |
JP4895599B2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2012-03-14 | 花王株式会社 | Toner for electrostatic image development |
US7501218B2 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2009-03-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrostatographic toner containing organometallic dimethyl sulfoxide complex charge control agent |
WO2008020488A1 (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-02-21 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Compound of carboxylated disulfide amine salt, process for producing the same, rubber composition containing the compound, and pneumatic tire making use of the same in belt coating rubber and/or belt edge cushion |
WO2008020604A1 (en) | 2006-08-14 | 2008-02-21 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Compounding agent for rubber vulcanization containing amine salt compound of carboxylic acid group-containing disulfide, method for producing the same, rubber composition containing the same, and pneumatic tire using the same in rubber for belt coat and/or belt edge cushion |
EP2839525B1 (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2020-06-03 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Electrode separator |
JP6443587B2 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2018-12-26 | 日産化学株式会社 | Sulfonic acid ester compounds and use thereof |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56138742A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-10-29 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Charge retaining material and method for forming copy image using this material |
US4480021A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-10-30 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions containing negative charge enhancing additives |
JPS613149A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-09 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Toner for electrophotography |
US4749638A (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1988-06-07 | Kao Corporation | Electrophotographic toner composition |
JPH0766204B2 (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1995-07-19 | 日本化薬株式会社 | Electrophotographic toner |
JPS63266462A (en) * | 1987-04-24 | 1988-11-02 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner for electrophotographic dry developer |
DE3831384A1 (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1990-03-29 | Hoechst Ag | PROCESS FOR THE TARGETED INFLUENCE OF THE TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT OF AZOPIGMENTS |
DE3912396A1 (en) * | 1989-04-15 | 1990-10-25 | Hoechst Ag | USE OF COLORLESS HIGH GRADE FLUORATE-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHONIUM COMPOUNDS AS LOADING AGENTS FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING METHODS |
US5238768A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-08-24 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with sulfone charge enhancing additives |
US5250381A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1993-10-05 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with aluminum charge enhancing additives |
-
1990
- 1990-10-06 DE DE4031705A patent/DE4031705A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-10-01 KR KR1019930701043A patent/KR0121884B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-10-01 DE DE59106558T patent/DE59106558D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-01 JP JP3515476A patent/JP2687984B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-01 CA CA002093418A patent/CA2093418C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-01 US US08/039,021 patent/US5378571A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-01 EP EP91917235A patent/EP0551336B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-01 WO PCT/EP1991/001873 patent/WO1992006414A1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9206414A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2093418C (en) | 1999-07-20 |
US5378571A (en) | 1995-01-03 |
DE4031705A1 (en) | 1992-04-09 |
JPH06501566A (en) | 1994-02-17 |
CA2093418A1 (en) | 1992-04-07 |
JP2687984B2 (en) | 1997-12-08 |
WO1992006414A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
EP0551336B1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
KR930702707A (en) | 1993-09-09 |
DE59106558D1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
KR0121884B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
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