EP0548161B1 - Vorrichtung zum schneiden von material - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum schneiden von material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0548161B1
EP0548161B1 EP91916182A EP91916182A EP0548161B1 EP 0548161 B1 EP0548161 B1 EP 0548161B1 EP 91916182 A EP91916182 A EP 91916182A EP 91916182 A EP91916182 A EP 91916182A EP 0548161 B1 EP0548161 B1 EP 0548161B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutting
electrode
resistance
temperature
cutting part
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91916182A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0548161A1 (de
Inventor
Ralf Larsson
Bengt-Göran Bengtsson
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TRANSIMAGE AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/06—Severing by using heat
    • B26F3/08—Severing by using heat with heated members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/3806—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
    • B26D2007/2678—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member for cutting pens mounting in a cutting plotter

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a device for cutting materials, the device comprising a cutting means which can be mounted on a plotter or a similar device controlling the position of the cutting means, the cutting means comprising a cutting element with a holding part and a substantially cylindrical cutting part at its free end, and means to electrically heat the cutting element to a temperature suitable for cutting the material, a control circuit being provided for controlling the heating means in dependence of the temperature of the cutting element.
  • a so called hot wire saw When cutting signs, letters etc. in cellular plastics of the "frigolit"-type, a so called hot wire saw is usually used. It consists of a resistance wire, which is clamped between the shanks of a bow. The bow shall keep the wire stretched enough. Both ends of the wire are connected to an electric current source. Because of the resistance of the wire, it is heated. By adjusting the current, a temperature is set which is above the melting point of the cellular plastics. By guiding the plastic disc against the hot wire, various figures may be cut out.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the market with an "easy to move" glow pen with possibility to use very thin cutting electrodes (down to some tenths of a millimetre), and depending on which patterns and forms are going to be cut out and the resolution, the cutting velocity and the heat generation have to be adapted to each other, e.g. a straight line which is cut at a high velocity demands a higher temperature in order to get the material to melt faster, and a curve which requires more careful cutting, has to be cut slower and demands less heat.
  • the heat has to be controlled rapidly and effectively and requires that the temperature of the cutting electrode can be controlled in relation to the cutting velocity.
  • the invention is based on the external pin being mainly directly heated and that the electrode is either contact free or single ended connected. This implies that the invention can be used e.g. in surgery, as an easily movable pen, which serves as a "scalpel handle".
  • the above mentioned objects are achieved by the cutting element being constituted by a cutting electrode which is heated by electric induction and/or resistance heating, the heating means being suitable to generate an electrical current in the cutting electrode, the cutting part of the cutting electrode having a considerably smaller cross-sectional area than the holding part , so that the heat production is substantially localized in the cutting part of the cutting electrode.
  • a cutting of figures can be carried out according to given computer instructions in a suitable web material.
  • the pen function down/up may control start and stop of the cutting cycle.
  • a general view without plotter table is shown in Fig. 1, where the cutting electrode 2 is brought to a temperature which lies above the melting point of the web material, by means of a current being applied on the terminal 3.
  • the cutting electrode 2 cuts a section 4, in the web material 5.
  • this cutting part is designed with a smaller cross-section or made of a material having a higher resistivity than the holding part.
  • this can be designed in various ways which is shown in the figures: 2,3,5,6,7,8,11, and 12.
  • the external electrode 6 By forming the external electrode 6 as a tube in Fig. 2, a thin cutting electrode is obtained with possibility of single ended connection 12 of the cable 10 by way of the cables 11.
  • an insulating layer is applied between them, e.g. by oxidation of the surface of the internal electrode.
  • the electric circuit is closed by joining the external 6 and the internal 7 electrodes, e.g. by TIG-welding.
  • the electrodes 6 and 7 can be connected 12 to the conductors 11 either by direct joining, e.g. spot-welding, or by providing the electrodes with a cable connecting device, e.g. a contact shrinking sleeve as in Fig. 11 and 12.
  • a cable connecting device e.g. a contact shrinking sleeve as in Fig. 11 and 12.
  • a cooling flange 14 It is also possible to make the plotter pen holder completely in metal to obtain cooling, but a heat proof/insulating material also would work, such as e.g. a ceramic. Since the electrode is moving very much over the cutting surface, the device according to the invention can be provided with a cable strain-relief 15 to increase the length of life of the cable 10.
  • a U-electrode is used, where the external cutting electrode 7a is delimited to the cooler connection wire 7b by a difference in the electrical resistance. This can be achieved by the wire 7a being of smaller cross-sectional area. If a round wire is used to bend a U-electrode, its cross section will not be circular. Thus two different widths could be obtained of the groove 4 cut out, depending on the cutting direction. This can be compensated by continuously controlling the position of the electrode and turn it in the cutting direction. Another way is to form the U-electrode 7a with halfed cross-sectional area (section B-B).
  • an isolating layer can be provided on the surface of the resistance wire as in Fig. 6 before the bending, e.g. by oxidation.
  • Fig. 7 the insulation problem has been solved by inserting/applying a foil or a layer between both shanks.
  • the cutting electrodes are formed as a substantially cylindrical pin, that is the said electrodes 2 have the same cross-sectional area in the longitudinal direction, but this cross-sectional area may vary at the point where the electrodes 2 are connected to each other.
  • the cutting electrode has a certain power (watts) at a given supply voltage (volts). This results in a temperature which depends on the external cooling, e.g. at different cutting speeds. Since the electric resistance is changed at different temperatures, according to the invention we may obtain a constant cutter electrode temperature independently of external cooling.
  • a control circuit is shown for maintaining the cutter electrode temperature constant in a glow pin according to the present invention.
  • the function of the control circuit is the following:
  • the basic principle is that the temperature dependence of the resistance of the cutting electrode is used, which in the present case is increased resistance at elevated temperature. In the circuit, deviations from nominal resistance is measured, whereby the power supplied is increased if the resistance drops and is reduced if the resistance increases.
  • a resistance R1 with a known (low) value is connected in series with the cutting electrode R2.
  • An operational amplifier Op1 is coupled as a differential amplifier with the series resistance R1 and the cutting electrode R2 on the non-inverting input of Op1 and a potentiometer P1 with the resistance R3 and a resistance on the inverting input of said amplifier.
  • the potentiometer P1 is set for desired cutting electrode resistance.
  • the resistance R2 is reduced and the output voltage from Op1 will be negative.
  • Op2 will increase the value of its output voltage.
  • the output of Op2 controls the current I to the cutting electrode via the transistor Tr1.
  • the current to the cutting electrode and thereby the power will increase until the resistance R2 has taken the correct value.
  • the resistance R6 in parallel with the transistor Tr1 feeds a sufficient current I in order to make Op1 able to sense if the cutting electrode is intact or not.
  • the output of Op1 takes the supply voltage + U which leads to a rapidly falling voltage on the output of Op2 and thereby to a break-through of the zener diode ZD.
  • the transistor Tr2 will be conducting and the alarm relay Re will be activated.
  • the supplied power has to be increased proportionally to the speed.
  • the temperature of the cutting electrode is increased with the speed.
  • a control with a transition from curve 2 to curve 3 (fig. 16) can be achieved.
  • the graph 1 illustrated in Fig. 16 shows the resistance of the cutting electrode as a function of the supply current at still air.
  • the graph 2 in the same figure shows the resistance of the cutting electrode as a function of the supply current at constant-controlled resistance depending on the cutting speed.
  • the graph 3 in the same figure shows optimal resistance depending on varied cutting velocity.
  • the figure shows graph 4 which shows the change of the set value for the cutting electrode resistance as function of the current.
  • OP3, OP4, D1 and R7 compose the current feedback, whereby a low pass filtering (C, R9) results in a more stable control.
  • Op3 measures the current I and adds an offset.
  • Op4 removes all negative voltages from the output of Op3.
  • D1 and R7 change the gain in Op4 over a current I2 and D2 and D3 remove all positive voltages from the output of Op4.
  • Fig. 15 shows a graph where the supply current I and the power P of the cutting electrode are shown as a function of the cutting speed v .
  • Another way to measure the temperature can be accomplished by inserting an external temperature sensor 16 between the shanks of the U, as in Fig. 8.
  • the cutting electrode is heated by means of an external field of force 19 ( so called “Foucault currents").
  • the induction coil 18 is placed under the plotter table 20 and, in Fig. 10, it is placed above, in relation to the cutting electrode 2.
  • an alternating magnetic field 19 is created which induces a contactless current in the cutting electrode 2.
  • the resistance of the pin metal causes heating of the latter.
  • FIG. 11 An alternative method to manufacture a tube electrode compared to that in Fig. 2, is shown in Fig. 11.
  • the internal electrode 7 first oxidized with an insulating layer on all surfaces except for the ends, thereafter a metallic layer has been galvanically plated, vaporized or sprayed thereon. This layer then constitutes the external electrode with a predetermined electric resistance.
  • the current passes through the external and the internal electrode via the galvanic connection point 21. Since the internal electrode core 7 is formed with different diameters automatically a larger conduction area is obtained on the thicker part, which results in that only the thinner part will be heated.
  • a universal electrode adapter 24 is used, which fits in the holders 1 which are already available for plotter pens.
  • the same figure also shows a design where the cable 10 has been provided with a separable connector 23.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von Material, welche Vorrichtung ein Schneidmittel umfasst das an einen Kurvenschreiber oder dergleichen, der die Position des Schneidmittels kontrolliert angeordnet ist, welches Schneidmittel ein Schneidelement mit einer Halterung (31) und einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Schneidteil (30) an dessen freien Ende enthält, und Vorrichtungen zum elektrischen erhitzen des Schneidelementes auf eine Temperatur die zum Schneiden des Materiales geeignet ist, wobei ein Steuerkreis zur Steuerung des Schneidmittels in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur des Schneidelementes vorgesehen ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Schneidelement aus einer Schneidelektrode besteht, die durch elektrische Induktion und/oder Widerstandsheizen erhitzt wird,
    dass das Schneidmittel angeordnet ist in der Schneidelektrode einen elektrischen Strom zu erzeugen, und dass das Schneidteil (30) der Schneidelektrode eine wesentlich kleinere Querschnittsfläche als die Halterung (31) aufweist, sodass die Hitzeerzeugung hauptsächlich in dem Schneidteil der Schneidelektrode lokalisiert ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Schneidteil (30) der Schneidelektrode aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das grösseren Widerstand hat als das Material der Halterung (31).
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Schneidteil (30) aus einer zylindrischen inneren Elektrode (7) besteht, die elektrisch von einer koaxial angeordneten äusseren Elektrode durch eine hitzebeständige Isolierschicht (9) isoliert ist, und
    dass die innere Elektrode (7) an dem einen freien Ende durch eine Verbindung (8) elektrisch zu einem Kreis mit der äusseren Elektrode (6) verbunden ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die erwähnte hitzebeständige Isolierschicht (9) aus einer an einer der Elektroden angebrachte Oxidschicht besteht, und
    dass die äussere Elektrode aus einer galvanisch plätierten, verdampften oder aufgespritzten Metallschicht besteht, die mit der inneren Elektrode (7) durch eine galvanische Verbindung (21) am äusseren Ende der Elektroden elektrisch verbunden ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Schneidteil (30) U-förmig ausgebildet ist und aus einem Draht (7a) mit im wesentlichen halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt besteht, welcher U-förmig so gebogen ist, dass ein hauptsächlich kreisförmiger Querschnitt gebildet wird.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass ein Temperaturgeber (16) zwischen den Schenkeln des U's zum Fühlen der Endpartie des Schneidteiles angeordnet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das Schneidteil (30) mittels eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfelts (19) erhitzt wird, das von einer Spule (18) erzeugt wird, die in der Nähe des Schneidteiles, beispielsweise oberhalb oder unterhalb eines Arbeitstisches (20), auf welchem das Schneiden des Materiales (5) durchgeführt wird, vorgesehen ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass zumindest das vordere Ende (8;21) des Schneidteiles (30) mit einem verschleissfesten, hitzebeständigen Material mit niedriger Reibung, z.B. Keramik oder dergleichen überzogen ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass das vordere Ende (8;21) des Schneidteiles mit einem Verschleisskörper, z.B. einer Kugel aus Keramik oder Hardmetall ausgebildet oder versehen ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Schneidelektrode in dem Steuerkreis zum Messen und Kontrollieren der Temperatur des Schneidteiles angeordnet ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass der Steuerkreis einen Messwiderstand enthält, dessen Widerstand (R₁) in Reihe mit dem Widerstand (R₂) der Schneidelektrode (2) geschalten ist,
    dass die Schneidelektrode (2) aus einem Material mit einem temperaturabhängigen Widerstand hergestellt ist, und
    dass die Widerstände (R₁,R₂) mit Strom (I) von einem Regeltransistor (Tr1) gespeist werden können, dessen Steuerterminal an einen PI-Regulator (Op2) angeschlossen ist, der angeordnet ist eine steigende Ausgangsspannung bei einer negativen Eingangsspannung und eine abnehmende Ausgangsspannung bei einer positiven Eingangsspannung zu geben, und dessen Eingang an den Ausgang einer verstärkerangeschlossenen Brücke (R₁,R2,R3,R₄, Op1) mit der Brückenbedingung: R₂/R₁ = R₄/R₃
    Figure imgb0004
     angeschlossen ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass ein positiver Stromrückkopplungskreis (25) in dem Regelkreis angeordnet ist,
    dass der positive Stromrückkopplungskreis (25) angeordnet ist, über ein nichtlineares Element (D₁,R₇) den Strom in der Schneidelektrode (2) auf solche Weise zu steuern, dass entweder die Temperatur und damit der Widerstand (R₂) der Schneidelektrode (2) unabhängig von der Schneidegeschwindigkeit ist oder sie nehmen einen optimalen Wert abhängig von der Schneidgeschwindigkeit an, und
    dass ein Tiefpassfilter (C,R₉) vorgesehen ist die erwähnte Regelung zu stabilisieren.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die Änderung der Ausgangsspannung des Differentialverstärkers (Op1), die bei der Unterbrechung des Widerstandes (R₂) entsteht, zur Regelung der Unterbrechungs- und/oder Alarmfunktion angewandt wird.
EP91916182A 1990-09-10 1991-09-10 Vorrichtung zum schneiden von material Expired - Lifetime EP0548161B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9002870A SE9002870D0 (sv) 1990-09-10 1990-09-10 Anordning foer skaerning av material
SE9002870 1990-09-10
PCT/SE1991/000597 WO1992004164A1 (en) 1990-09-10 1991-09-10 Device for cutting material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0548161A1 EP0548161A1 (de) 1993-06-30
EP0548161B1 true EP0548161B1 (de) 1995-12-06

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EP91916182A Expired - Lifetime EP0548161B1 (de) 1990-09-10 1991-09-10 Vorrichtung zum schneiden von material

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0548161B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH06505923A (de)
AT (1) ATE131101T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69115281D1 (de)
SE (1) SE9002870D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1992004164A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4211227C1 (de) * 1992-04-03 1993-11-25 Hans Juergen Hennig Trennvorrichtung
US5514232A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-05-07 Burns; Marshall Method and apparatus for automatic fabrication of three-dimensional objects
DE29904994U1 (de) * 1999-03-18 2000-07-27 Scaritec Ag Muenchwilen Vorrichtung zum Schneiden von Hartschaum
DE102006008622A1 (de) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Rehau Ag + Co Trennvorrichtung zum Ablängen von Kunststoffprofilen
CN104960037B (zh) * 2015-07-08 2017-06-20 广东拓荒牛智能切割科技股份有限公司 一种可用于电加热的切割刀头

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4924512A (de) * 1972-06-30 1974-03-05
FR2425922A1 (fr) * 1978-05-19 1979-12-14 Lair Jacques Perfectionnements apportes a un dispositif de coupe
JPS5953196A (ja) * 1982-09-18 1984-03-27 井上エムテ−ピ−株式会社 成形品の部分的切除方法およびその装置
GB8301710D0 (en) * 1983-01-21 1983-02-23 Protocol Eng Ltd Production of lines of separation in sheet & c member
GB8418951D0 (en) * 1984-07-25 1984-08-30 British Aerospace Plastics film severing head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69115281D1 (de) 1996-01-18
ATE131101T1 (de) 1995-12-15
SE9002870D0 (sv) 1990-09-10
WO1992004164A1 (en) 1992-03-19
JPH06505923A (ja) 1994-07-07
EP0548161A1 (de) 1993-06-30

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