EP0547940B1 - Coat lining for container e.g. pouring ladle - Google Patents
Coat lining for container e.g. pouring ladle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0547940B1 EP0547940B1 EP92403291A EP92403291A EP0547940B1 EP 0547940 B1 EP0547940 B1 EP 0547940B1 EP 92403291 A EP92403291 A EP 92403291A EP 92403291 A EP92403291 A EP 92403291A EP 0547940 B1 EP0547940 B1 EP 0547940B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ladle
- piece
- bricks
- lining
- bearing surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to making the bottom of a container such as in particular a ladle containing molten metal from a material based on aluminous refractory concrete.
- such a pocket is known and is used to transfer the contents of converters and ovens to the molds or molds in order to ensure solidification of the molten metal under good conditions.
- the tap hole may not be located in the center of the spherical surface, there is a need to tilt the ladle around its pins, the slag formed on the surface is entrained by a phenomenon of siphoning with the molten metal.
- Patent FR-A-2 095 982 is also known, which discloses a refractory lining for the bottom of a metallurgical container, this refractory lining being obtained by assembling a plurality of bricks which simply allow the flow of the molten metal towards the taphole, without however allowing it to be set in motion in a propeller pitch with a view to mixing the molten mixture.
- the present invention aims to avoid deterioration of the refractory lining by setting the molten metal in motion during casting, without any tilting of the pocket, by the particular conformation of the pocket bottom.
- This chosen form also creates a natural mixing of the molten mass and allows in situ refining of the steel or of the liquid iron.
- the invention therefore relates to a lining of aluminous refractory concrete for the bottom of a container, such as a ladle containing molten metal, characterized in that this bottom is curved and develops in the form of a helix and is produced either '' a single piece, by molding in the case of ladles of reduced section, or in other cases, by an assembly of a plurality of independent parts also obtained by molding which fit together and who are blocked in position by a piece of polygonal contour and cross section of trapezoidal shape forming keystone; cavities are arranged in the bottom of the hollow part in order to receive seat bricks for the tap hole and / or the porous plug used for refining; the annular peripheral belt of the bottom of the ladle is made from parts similar to the previous ones but having an external shoulder which defines a bearing surface with the vertical wall of the ladle, said bearing surface conforms to a negative ⁇ angle undercut relative to the bottom of said pocket.
- the curved and helical shape of the bottom of the pocket improves the natural stirring of the molten mass and allows a possible refining of the steel or the liquid cast iron, orifices 12-13 are also provided at the low point of the cavity and in the refractory stones at the bottom for the installation of safety bricks and seats for the tap hole and / or for the porous plug.
- the arrangement and the shape of all said parts are determined so as to obtain a curved surface and having a very large helical pitch.
- the side faces of the bricks are joined by a concrete 16 whose physical properties are close to those of the refractory material used for the production of said independent parts.
- the invention provides a novelty in the rapid assembly of the refractory lining and it creates a self-locking system the various elements of which are removable and easy to handle, for example by means of a suction cup system, thanks to the flat surfaces of the system elements.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à la réalisation du revêtement du fond d'un récipient tel que notamment une poche de coulée contenant du métal en fusion à partir d'un matériau à base de béton réfractaire alumineux.The present invention relates to making the bottom of a container such as in particular a ladle containing molten metal from a material based on aluminous refractory concrete.
Dans le domaine de la métallurgie, une telle poche est connue et sert à transvaser le contenu des convertisseurs et des fours vers les lingotières ou les moules afin d'assurer la solidification du métal en fusion dans de bonnes conditions.In the field of metallurgy, such a pocket is known and is used to transfer the contents of converters and ovens to the molds or molds in order to ensure solidification of the molten metal under good conditions.
Le fond de ces poches, s'il est plat, incliné, a pour principal inconvénient de se soulever par l'effet de la dilatation thermique des matériaux réfractaires, le phénomène est d'autant plus accentué qu'on utilise des matériaux basiques dont le coefficient de dilatation volumique est supérieur à celui des matériaux acides. Cette détérioration du fond entraîne généralement la chute du revêtement réfractaire lors de la coulée du métal en fusion et par voie de conséquence la destruction de la poche de coulée.The bottom of these pockets, if it is flat, inclined, has the main drawback of being lifted by the effect of thermal expansion of refractory materials, the phenomenon is all the more accentuated when using basic materials whose coefficient of volume expansion is higher than that of acidic materials. This deterioration of the bottom generally leads to the fall of the refractory lining during the casting of the molten metal and consequently the destruction of the ladle.
Il existe (cf. brevet américain N° 3 333 746) une poche de coulée munie d'un fond revêtu par un assemblage de pièces réfractaires et conformant une surface concave qui facilite, par le sens de la pente, l'écoulement du métal en fusion vers le trou de coulée.There exists (cf. American patent N ° 3,333,746) a ladle provided with a bottom coated by an assembly of parts refractory and conforming a concave surface which facilitates, by the direction of the slope, the flow of the molten metal towards the taphole.
Le trou de coulée peut ne pas être situé au centre de la surface sphérique, il y a nécessité de basculer la poche de coulée autour de ses tourillons, le laitier formé en surface est entraîné par un phénomène de siphonnage avec le métal en fusion.The tap hole may not be located in the center of the spherical surface, there is a need to tilt the ladle around its pins, the slag formed on the surface is entrained by a phenomenon of siphoning with the molten metal.
On connaît également le brevet FR-A-2 095 982 qui divulgue un revêtement réfractaire pour le fond d'un conteneur métallurgique, ce revêtement réfractaire étant obtenu par l'assemblage d'une pluralité de briques permettant simplement d'assurer l'écoulement du métal en fusion vers le trou de coulée, sans permettre cependant une mise en mouvement selon un pas d'hélice en vue d'un brassage du mélange en fusion.Patent FR-A-2 095 982 is also known, which discloses a refractory lining for the bottom of a metallurgical container, this refractory lining being obtained by assembling a plurality of bricks which simply allow the flow of the molten metal towards the taphole, without however allowing it to be set in motion in a propeller pitch with a view to mixing the molten mixture.
La présente invention a pour but d'éviter la détérioration du revêtement réfractaire par une mise en mouvement du métal en fusion lors de la coulée, sans basculement éventuel de la poche, par la conformation particulière du fond de poche. Cette forme choisie crée aussi un brassage naturel de la masse en fusion et autorise un affinage in situ de l'acier ou de la fonte liquide.The present invention aims to avoid deterioration of the refractory lining by setting the molten metal in motion during casting, without any tilting of the pocket, by the particular conformation of the pocket bottom. This chosen form also creates a natural mixing of the molten mass and allows in situ refining of the steel or of the liquid iron.
L'invention a donc pour objet un garnissage de béton réfractaire alumineux pour fond de récipient, tel que poche de coulée contenant du métal en fusion, caractérisé en ce que ce fond est incurvé et se développe en forme d'hélice et est réalisé soit d'une seule pièce, par moulage dans le cas de poches de coulée de section réduite, soit dans les autres cas, par un assemblage d'une pluralité de pièces indépendantes obtenues elles aussi par moulage qui s'emboîtent les unes à côté des autres et qui sont bloquées en position par une pièce de contour polygonal et de section droite de forme trapézoïdale formant clé de voûte ; des cavités sont aménagées dans le fond de la partie creuse afin de recevoir des briques de siège pour le trou de coulée et/ou le bouchon poreux servant à l'affinage ; la ceinture annulaire périphérique du fond de la poche est réalisée à partir de pièces similaires aux précédentes mais possédant un épaulement extérieur qui définit une surface d'appui avec la paroi verticale de la poche de coulée, ladite surface d'appui conforme un angle β négatif de dépouille par rapport au fond de ladite poche.The invention therefore relates to a lining of aluminous refractory concrete for the bottom of a container, such as a ladle containing molten metal, characterized in that this bottom is curved and develops in the form of a helix and is produced either '' a single piece, by molding in the case of ladles of reduced section, or in other cases, by an assembly of a plurality of independent parts also obtained by molding which fit together and who are blocked in position by a piece of polygonal contour and cross section of trapezoidal shape forming keystone; cavities are arranged in the bottom of the hollow part in order to receive seat bricks for the tap hole and / or the porous plug used for refining; the annular peripheral belt of the bottom of the ladle is made from parts similar to the previous ones but having an external shoulder which defines a bearing surface with the vertical wall of the ladle, said bearing surface conforms to a negative β angle undercut relative to the bottom of said pocket.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-après, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les Figures :
- La Figure 1 est une vue en élévation plane du garnissage composant le fond d'une poche de coulée ;
- La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant A-A d'une poche de coulée présentant un fond se développant en hélice.
- Figure 1 is a plan elevational view of the lining forming the bottom of a ladle;
- Figure 2 is a sectional view along AA of a ladle with a bottom developing helically.
Selon un mode préféré de réalisation du garnissage réfractaire du fond d'une poche de coulée contenant du métal en fusion, on élabore par coulage d'un béton réfractaire alumineux à haute teneur en alumine, une pièce 1 obtenue :
- soit directement (non représentée sur les figures) et de forme incurvée, si la section de la poche est de taille raisonnable, munie d'un pas hélicoïdal de manière à faciliter l'écoulement et la mise en mouvement du métal en fusion vers le trou de coulée 12-13,
- soit dans les autres cas (cf. figures 1 et 2), cette pièce 1 comporte une pluralité de
pièces 2 obtenues par moulage d'un même béton réfractaire devant être assemblées par la suite afin de construire une même surface incurvée et hélicoïdale.
- either directly (not shown in the figures) and of curved shape, if the pocket section is of reasonable size, provided with a helical pitch so as to facilitate the flow and the setting in motion of the molten metal towards the hole casting 12-13,
- or in the other cases (cf. FIGS. 1 and 2), this part 1 comprises a plurality of
parts 2 obtained by molding of the same refractory concrete which must be assembled subsequently in order to construct the same curved and helical surface.
Le fond de poche comporte :
- une pièce centrale 3 de contour polygonal et de section droite de forme trapézoïdale servant de clé de voûte à l'édifice, les
faces briques 6, 7 voisines forment un angle α de l'ordre d'une dizaine de degrés avec la verticale, - une pièce 1 réalisée directement ou indirectement à partir des pièces périphériques 2-2' de contour simplement trapézoïdal bloquant en position la pièce centrale par 6 et 7 et elle-même bloquée par les briques de la
paroi 15. La surface périphérique en appui avec les briques de paroi et formant un épaulement est orientée et réalise un angle β dit de dépouille avec le fond de la poche, ledit angle β est supérieur à l'angle plat entre 183 et 187 degrés.
- a
central part 3 of polygonal outline and cross section of trapezoidal shape serving as keystone to the building, thefaces bricks 6, 7 form an angle α of l '' order of ten degrees with the vertical, - a part 1 produced directly or indirectly from peripheral parts 2-2 ′ of simply trapezoidal contour blocking in position the central part by 6 and 7 and itself blocked by the bricks of the
wall 15. The peripheral surface bearing with the wall bricks and forming a shoulder is oriented and achieves a so-called relief angle β with the bottom of the pocket, said angle β is greater than the flat angle between 183 and 187 degrees.
La forme incurvée et hélicoïdale du fond de la poche améliore le brassage naturel de la masse en fusion et permet un affinage éventuel de l'acier ou de la fonte liquide, on prévoit également des orifices 12-13 pratiqués au point bas de la cavité et dans les pierres réfractaires du fond pour la mise en place de briques de sécurité et de sièges pour le trou de coulée et/ou pour le bouchon poreux.The curved and helical shape of the bottom of the pocket improves the natural stirring of the molten mass and allows a possible refining of the steel or the liquid cast iron, orifices 12-13 are also provided at the low point of the cavity and in the refractory stones at the bottom for the installation of safety bricks and seats for the tap hole and / or for the porous plug.
La disposition et la forme de toutes lesdites pièces sont déterminées de manière à obtenir une surface incurvée et possédant un pas d'hélice très important.The arrangement and the shape of all said parts are determined so as to obtain a curved surface and having a very large helical pitch.
Les faces latérales des briques sont jointoyées par un béton 16 dont les propriétés physiques sont proches de celles du matériau réfractaire utilisé pour la réalisation desdites pièces indépendantes.The side faces of the bricks are joined by a
La lecture de la description qui précède montre que l'invention apporte une nouveauté dans le montage rapide du garnissage réfractaire et elle crée un système autobloquant dont les différents éléments sont amovibles et de manutention aisée, par exemple au moyen d'un système à ventouses, grâce aux surfaces planes des éléments du système.Reading the above description shows that the invention provides a novelty in the rapid assembly of the refractory lining and it creates a self-locking system the various elements of which are removable and easy to handle, for example by means of a suction cup system, thanks to the flat surfaces of the system elements.
Il demeure bien entendu que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits et représentés ci-dessus mais qu'elle en englobe toutes les variantes.It remains to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown above but that it encompasses all variants thereof.
Claims (5)
- Lining of aluminous refractory concrete for bottom of vessel, such as casting ladle containing molten metal, characterized in that this bottom is curved and develops in a helical form and is made either of a single piece (1) by moulding in the case of casting ladles of small size, or in the other cases, by an assembly of a plurality of independent pieces (2-2'), themselves also produced by moulding, which fit together side by side and which are blocked in position by a piece (3) of polygonal contour and having a trapezoidal cross-section acting as a keystone ; cavities (12,13) are formed in the bottom of the hollow part for receiving seating bricks for the sprue and/or the porous plug serving for refining ; the peripheral annular belt of the bottom of the ladle is made from similar pieces to the foregoing but having an external shoulder (4) which defines a bearing surface with the vertical wall (15) of the casting ladle, said bearing surface is at a negative angle β, between 183° and 187°, of rake relative to the bottom of said ladle.
- Lining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the piece (3) forming the keystone is of polygonal contour and trapezoidal cross-section, such that the angle α at the apex of said trapezium is of the order of 10°.
- Lining according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the construction material of the piece (1) or of the independent pieces (2-2') is an aluminous refractory concrete having a high alumina content, that is to say greater than 62%.
- Lining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangment and the curved form develops as a helix and it finds its cohesion on final assembly as a result of the angles α, β respectively on the lateral faces (14, 15) of the central bricks (2) and on the shoulders (4) of the peripheral bricks, in order better to resist lifting due to the thermal expansion and the ferrostatic pressure.
- Lining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral faces of the assembly are jointed by a refractory concrete (16), the physical properties of which are close to those of the refractory material used for the construction of said assembly.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9115650 | 1991-12-17 | ||
| FR9115650A FR2684905B1 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1991-12-17 | TRIM FOR CONTAINER SUCH AS BACKGROUND OF CASTING POCKETS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0547940A1 EP0547940A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| EP0547940B1 true EP0547940B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
Family
ID=9420130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92403291A Expired - Lifetime EP0547940B1 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1992-12-04 | Coat lining for container e.g. pouring ladle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0547940B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE152942T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE547940T1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2684905B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59702131D1 (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 2000-09-14 | Mannesmann Ag | Metallurgical vessel for the transport, intermediate storage or dosing of liquid, metallic melts and process for its production |
| RU200360U1 (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-21 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Кералит" | STEEL BUCKET |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT319988B (en) * | 1970-06-13 | 1975-01-27 | Didier Werke Ag | Refractory bottom lining for metallurgical vessels |
| FR2654661B1 (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1994-06-10 | Lorraine Laminage | POCKET FOR THE PREPARATION OF A METAL PROVIDED WITH A BOTTOM REFRACTORY COATING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A BOTTOM REFRACTORY COATING. |
-
1991
- 1991-12-17 FR FR9115650A patent/FR2684905B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-12-04 EP EP92403291A patent/EP0547940B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-12-04 DE DE92403291T patent/DE547940T1/en active Pending
- 1992-12-04 DE DE69219745T patent/DE69219745T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-12-04 AT AT92403291T patent/ATE152942T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE547940T1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
| FR2684905B1 (en) | 1994-02-18 |
| DE69219745D1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| DE69219745T2 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
| EP0547940A1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| FR2684905A1 (en) | 1993-06-18 |
| ATE152942T1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0429323B2 (en) | Metal treatment ladle with a refractory base coating and process for making such refractory base coating | |
| US6551060B2 (en) | Pump for molten materials with suspended solids | |
| FR2565860A1 (en) | REFRACTORY PLATE AND CASTING NOZZLE AND METHOD OF MOUNTING REFRACTORY PLATES IN A SLIDING VALVE | |
| EP0547940B1 (en) | Coat lining for container e.g. pouring ladle | |
| CA2074244C (en) | Ladle and method for draining liquid metal with improved yield | |
| PL206095B1 (en) | Metallurgical impact pad | |
| US4397687A (en) | Mixing device and method for mixing molten metals | |
| BE1011841A3 (en) | Ejecteur one or more pocket (s). | |
| FR2697183A1 (en) | Sliding nozzle for molten steel receiver. | |
| FR2565858A1 (en) | SELF-SUPPORTING MONOBLOCK MOLD IN SAND, INCLUDING DEGASSING WELLS | |
| FR2767082A1 (en) | CASTING NOZZLE FOR TRANSFERRING LIQUID METAL FROM A DISTRIBUTOR INTO A LINGOTIERE | |
| BE1004078A3 (en) | Anti-vortex device adaptable to the tap holes of casting pockets | |
| EP0039630B1 (en) | Skid provided with refractory ledges for a walking beam furnace | |
| LU83393A1 (en) | IMPROVEMENTS ON BRICKS, ESPECIALLY REFRACTORY BRICKS FOR THE FILLING OF METALLURGICAL CONTAINERS | |
| EP0346258A2 (en) | Casting gate for linear and symmetrie axial displacement | |
| FR3094249A1 (en) | Cattail buffer | |
| FR2660742A1 (en) | IMPROVEMENTS IN REALIZATION OF BURNER OPENINGS OR ENTOURAGES OF VERTICAL REACTOR FURNACES. | |
| FR2606689A1 (en) | SCORING RETAINER CAP AND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION AND MANUFACTURE | |
| FR2540759A1 (en) | Casting ladle slide valve for teeming | |
| BE412642A (en) | ||
| FR3116003A3 (en) | MIXING MACHINE FOR PRODUCING REFRACTORY MATERIALS | |
| US3794262A (en) | Ingot mold and hot top therefor | |
| US308028A (en) | Jacob feiedeich zimmeemanbt and eenst geoeg zimmeemaxn | |
| EP0043160B1 (en) | Casting equipment for fused masses | |
| US6977058B2 (en) | Inoculant-strainer with improved filtration effectiveness and inoculant dissolution |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE GB IT SE |
|
| ITCL | It: translation for ep claims filed |
Representative=s name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A. |
|
| GBC | Gb: translation of claims filed (gb section 78(7)/1977) | ||
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19931015 |
|
| TCAT | At: translation of patent claims filed | ||
| DET | De: translation of patent claims | ||
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SOCIETE DES TERRES REFRACTAIRES DU BOULONNAIS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19951106 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE GB IT SE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19970514 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19970514 |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 152942 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19970515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69219745 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970619 |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19970619 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19971231 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: SOC. DES TERRES REFRACTAIRES DU BOULONNAIS Effective date: 19971231 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19980901 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19991206 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19991213 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001204 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20001205 |
|
| GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20001204 |
|
| EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 92403291.5 |