EP0546270B1 - Method of transforming brittle material - Google Patents

Method of transforming brittle material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0546270B1
EP0546270B1 EP92117080A EP92117080A EP0546270B1 EP 0546270 B1 EP0546270 B1 EP 0546270B1 EP 92117080 A EP92117080 A EP 92117080A EP 92117080 A EP92117080 A EP 92117080A EP 0546270 B1 EP0546270 B1 EP 0546270B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anvil
die
during
brittle
subjected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117080A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0546270A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Dipl.-Ing. Dobrikow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eckold GmbH and Co KG
Walter Eckold GmbH and Co KG Vorrichtungs und Geraetebau
Original Assignee
Eckold GmbH and Co KG
Walter Eckold GmbH and Co KG Vorrichtungs und Geraetebau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eckold GmbH and Co KG, Walter Eckold GmbH and Co KG Vorrichtungs und Geraetebau filed Critical Eckold GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0546270A1 publication Critical patent/EP0546270A1/en
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Publication of EP0546270B1 publication Critical patent/EP0546270B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49936—Surface interlocking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the local forming of brittle material.
  • the invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to the joining of sheets by means of clinching techniques.
  • Such processes are widely known.
  • This technology has established itself as an economical manufacturing process in many areas, for example in vehicle construction, in air conditioning technology, in mechanical engineering when it comes to mass production.
  • Such joining processes can be used with many metals and plastics. So far, however, it has not been possible to join brittle materials, such as certain aluminum alloys, with such techniques because their elasticity is not sufficient; In general, such brittle materials can only be formed without cutting in a narrow framework.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method that allows larger changes in shape of brittle materials than previously possible.
  • the penetration of sheets made of brittle aluminum alloys should be made possible.
  • Known clinching tools of the types mentioned initially generally comprise a die which delimits a cavity into which the sheet metal material is deformed by means of a stamp; An anvil, which forms the die base, is arranged opposite the stamp work surface.
  • the sheet material is placed under pressure in that the anvil is subjected to a corresponding spring preload in the direction opposite to the working stroke of the stamp.
  • clinching tools are known in which the anvil is spring-biased in the same direction.
  • US-A-3,771,216 discloses such an arrangement, the anvil-spring combination serving as an ejector which is intended to detach the joint from the die.
  • US-A-4,584,753 discloses a die in which the anvil protrudes spring biased over the die edge; here the cantilevered anvil stub serves as a centering element which is intended to position a pre-perforated sheet with respect to the die and with respect to the stamp. In both cases, however, the force generated by the spring is orders of magnitude lower than the forces to be applied according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the position of the components (designed for simplicity with a circular cross-section) at the beginning of the joining process.
  • FIG. 2 at the end of the joining process in axial section.
  • An anvil 12 is slidably seated in a die 10, guided in a die bore 14.
  • the upper section of the bore delimits the cavity 16 into which the material is deformed (cf. FIG. 2).
  • a shoulder 18 serves as an upper stop for a collar 20 molded onto the anvil.
  • Thread 22 is cut into the subsequent lower part of the die hole with a larger diameter and a lower stop 24 is screwed in.
  • a strong spring, here a pressure coil spring 26, is clamped between it and the collar 20 of the anvil, which biases the anvil into its upper end position, shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the anvil protrudes beyond the front working surface 28 of the die and is chamfered all around before joining.
  • the punch 30, driven, for example, by a hydraulic unit, first clamps the sheets 32, 34 to be joined between its working surface and the anvil, as a result of which the sheet material is subjected to a pressure load corresponding to the preload by the spring 26. During the joining, this pressure load initially increases until the anvil is pressed back into the die bore, surprisingly no material breakage occurs. Finally, the anvil sits on the lower stop and the punch pushes material into the space that is left free from the anvil chamfer, causing the stapling. It can be seen that the pressure load is effective not only before but also during enforcement.
  • the die can be hinged for easier removal and can be undercut in the area of the cavity, all of which is already known in the case of joining tools, but which could also be used here advantageously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)

Abstract

Method for the local forming of material with a tendency towards brittleness, such as certain aluminium alloys, during which tensile stresses are exerted on the material during the process of forming, during joggling for example. Brittle fracture is avoided if the material is subjected to compressive loading in the area to be formed. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum lokalen Umformen von sprödem Material.The invention relates to a method for the local forming of brittle material.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere, aber nicht ausschließlich, auf das Verbinden von Blechen mittels Durchsetzfügetechniken. Solche Verfahren sind vielfältig bekannt. Beispielsweise sei verwiesen auf die Druckschriften GB-A-2069394, EP-A-215 449, US-A-4,757,609 und US-A-5,046,228. Allen diesen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, daß Bleche flächig aufeinandergelegt werden und lokal Material beider Bleche nach einer Seite durchgesetzt wird, wobei dafür gesorgt wird, daß das Material der Bleche im durchgesetzten Butzen eine kraft- und formschlüssige Verklammerung erfährt.The invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to the joining of sheets by means of clinching techniques. Such processes are widely known. For example, reference is made to GB-A-2069394, EP-A-215 449, US-A-4,757,609 and US-A-5,046,228. All of these methods have in common that sheets are placed flat on top of one another and material of both sheets is locally pushed through to one side, whereby it is ensured that the material of the sheets in the slug pushed through is subjected to a non-positive and positive locking.

Diese Technik hat sich als wirtschaftliches Fertigungsverfahren in vielen Bereichen durchgesetzt, etwa im Fahrzeugbau, in der Klimatechnik, im Maschinenbau dann, wenn es um Massenfertigung geht.This technology has established itself as an economical manufacturing process in many areas, for example in vehicle construction, in air conditioning technology, in mechanical engineering when it comes to mass production.

Solche Fügeverfahren lassen sich bei vielen Metallen und Kunststoffen einsetzen. Bisher war ews aber nicht möglich, spröde Materialien, wie etwa bestimmte Aluminiumlegierungen, mit solchen Techniken zu fügen, da deren Dehnbarkeit nicht ausreichend ist; ganz generell gilt, daß solche spröden Materialien nur in engem Rahmen spanlos umformbar sind.Such joining processes can be used with many metals and plastics. So far, however, it has not been possible to join brittle materials, such as certain aluminum alloys, with such techniques because their elasticity is not sufficient; In general, such brittle materials can only be formed without cutting in a narrow framework.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das größere Formänderungen spröder Materialien als bisher möglich erlaubt. Speziell soll das Durchsetzfügen von Blechen aus spröden Aluminiumlegierungen ermöglicht werden.The object of the invention is to provide a method that allows larger changes in shape of brittle materials than previously possible. In particular, the penetration of sheets made of brittle aluminum alloys should be made possible.

Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich aus dem Patentanspruch 1; die von ihm abhängenden Ansprüche definieren bevorzugte Anwendungen des Verfahrens.The solution to this problem provided according to the invention results from patent claim 1; the dependent claims define preferred uses of the method.

Es ist bisher nicht bekannt, welche Phänomene der empirisch festgestellten Tatsache zugrundeliegen, daß bei der Umformung unter zusätzlicher Druckbelastung keine Sprödbrüche auftreten, während eine gleichgroße Umformung ohne solche Druckbelastung zum Sprödbruch führt. Die Druckbelastung hat ja innerhalb des elastischen Bereichs des Spannungs-Dehnungs-Diagramms zu bleiben und wird beim Umformen, bei dem ja notwendigerweise der gesamte elastische Bereich durchlaufen werden muß, bevor eine plastische Verformung eintritt, kompensiert. Hier werden noch nähere Untersuchungen Aufschluß geben müssen.It is not yet known which phenomena are the basis of the empirically established fact that no brittle fractures occur during forming under additional pressure, while an equally large forming without such a pressure leads to brittle fracture. The pressure load has to remain within the elastic range of the stress-strain diagram and is compensated for during the forming, in which the entire elastic range must necessarily be run through before plastic deformation occurs. Further investigations will have to provide information here.

Bekannte Durchsetzfügewerkzeuge der eingangs genannten Bauarten umfassen generell eine Matrize, die einen Hohlraum begrenzt, in den hinein das Blechmaterial mittels eines Stempels verformt wird; der Stempelarbeitsfläche gegenüber ist ein Amboß angeordnet, der den Matrizenboden bildet. Bei einer sehr einfachen Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Blechmaterial dadurch unter Druckbelastung gesetzt, daß der Amboß einer entsprechenden Federvorspannung in Richtung entgegen dem Arbeitshub des Stempels ausgesetzt wird. Dabei ist anzumerken, daß Durchsetzfügewerkzeuge bekannt sind, bei denen der Amboß in gleicher Richtung federvorgespannt ist. So offenbart US-A-3,771,216 eine solche Anordnung, wobei die Kombination Amboß-Feder als Auswerfer dient, der die Fügestelle aus der Matrize lösen soll. US-A-4,584,753 offenbart eine Matrize, bei der der Amboß im Ruhezustand federvorgespannt über den Matrizenrand hinausragt; hier dient der auskragende Amboßstummel als Zentrierorgan, der ein vorgelochtes Blech bezüglich der Matrize und bezüglich des Stempels positionieren soll. In beiden Fällen ist jedoch die von der Feder erzeugte Kraft um Größenordnungen geringer als die erfindungsgemäß aufzubringenden Kräfte.Known clinching tools of the types mentioned initially generally comprise a die which delimits a cavity into which the sheet metal material is deformed by means of a stamp; An anvil, which forms the die base, is arranged opposite the stamp work surface. In a very simple device for carrying out the method according to the invention, the sheet material is placed under pressure in that the anvil is subjected to a corresponding spring preload in the direction opposite to the working stroke of the stamp. It should be noted that clinching tools are known in which the anvil is spring-biased in the same direction. For example, US-A-3,771,216 discloses such an arrangement, the anvil-spring combination serving as an ejector which is intended to detach the joint from the die. US-A-4,584,753 discloses a die in which the anvil protrudes spring biased over the die edge; here the cantilevered anvil stub serves as a centering element which is intended to position a pre-perforated sheet with respect to the die and with respect to the stamp. In both cases, however, the force generated by the spring is orders of magnitude lower than the forces to be applied according to the invention.

Ein einfaches Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist in der beigefügten Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird nachstehend näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Fig. 1 die Position der Komponenten (der Einfachheit halber mit kreisrundem Querschnitt ausgebildet) zu Beginn des Fügevorgangs` Fig. 2 am Ende des Fügevorgangs jeweils im Axialschnitt.A simple embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention is shown schematically in the accompanying drawing and is explained in more detail below. 1 shows the position of the components (designed for simplicity with a circular cross-section) at the beginning of the joining process. FIG. 2 at the end of the joining process in axial section.

In einer Matrize 10 sitzt gleitbeweglich ein Amboß 12, geführt in einer Matrizenbohrung 14. Der obere Abschnitt der Bohrung begrenzt den Hohlraum 16, in den hinein das Material verformt wird (vgl. Fig. 2). Eine Schulter 18 dient als oberer Anschlag für einen an den Amboß angeformten Bund 20. In den anschließenden unteren Teil der Matrizenbohrung mit größerem Durchmesser ist Gewinde 22 geschnitten und ein unterer Anschlag 24 eingeschraubt. Zwischen ihm und dem Bund 20 des Ambosses ist eine kräftige Feder, hier eine Durckschraubenfeder 26, eingespannt, die den Amboß in seine obere, in Fig. 1 dargestellte Endlage vorspannt. Man erkennt, daß der Amboß vor dem Fügen über die stirnseitige Arbeitsfläche 28 der Matrize hinausragt und ringsum abgefast ist.An anvil 12 is slidably seated in a die 10, guided in a die bore 14. The upper section of the bore delimits the cavity 16 into which the material is deformed (cf. FIG. 2). A shoulder 18 serves as an upper stop for a collar 20 molded onto the anvil. Thread 22 is cut into the subsequent lower part of the die hole with a larger diameter and a lower stop 24 is screwed in. A strong spring, here a pressure coil spring 26, is clamped between it and the collar 20 of the anvil, which biases the anvil into its upper end position, shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the anvil protrudes beyond the front working surface 28 of the die and is chamfered all around before joining.

Der Stempel 30, angetrieben beispielsweise von einem Hydraulikaggregat, spannt die zu fügenden Bleche 32, 34 zunächst zwischen seiner Arbeitsfläche und dem Amboß ein, wodurch das Blechmaterial einer Druckbelastung unterworfen wird entsprechend der Vorspannung durch die Feder 26. Während des Fügens erhöht sich diese Druckbelastung zunächst, bis der Amboß in die Matrizenbohrung zurückgedrückt wird, wobei überraschenderweise kein Materialbruch erfolgt. Schließlich sitzt der Amboß auf dem unteren Anschlag auf, und der Stempel drückt Material in den Raum, der von der Amboßfase freigelassen ist, wodurch die Verklammerung erfolgt. Man erkennt, daß hier die Druckbelastung nicht nur vor, sondern auch während des Durchsetzens wirksam ist.The punch 30, driven, for example, by a hydraulic unit, first clamps the sheets 32, 34 to be joined between its working surface and the anvil, as a result of which the sheet material is subjected to a pressure load corresponding to the preload by the spring 26. During the joining, this pressure load initially increases until the anvil is pressed back into the die bore, surprisingly no material breakage occurs. Finally, the anvil sits on the lower stop and the punch pushes material into the space that is left free from the anvil chamfer, causing the stapling. It can be seen that the pressure load is effective not only before but also during enforcement.

Die Matrize kann zwecks erleichterter Entnahme aufklappbar sein und im Bereich des Hohlraums hinterschnitten sein, was alles bei Fügewerkzeugen bereits bekannt ist, aber auch hier mit Vorteil anwendbar wäre.The die can be hinged for easier removal and can be undercut in the area of the cavity, all of which is already known in the case of joining tools, but which could also be used here advantageously.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for local reshaping of material by tensile loading, wherein the material is at the same time subjected to a pressure loading, characterised in that for the reshaping of brittle material, a high pressure loading, which is however within the elastic range, is applied before the start of the tensile deformation.
  2. Use of the method according to Claim 1 for the reshaping of brittle aluminium alloys.
  3. Use of the method according to Claim 1 or 2 for the clinch joining of metal sheets.
  4. Use of the method according to Claim 3, wherein the metal sheets to be joined are subjected to a pressure loading in a direction perpendicular to their surface.
EP92117080A 1991-11-13 1992-10-07 Method of transforming brittle material Expired - Lifetime EP0546270B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9114122U 1991-11-13
DE9114122U DE9114122U1 (en) 1991-11-13 1991-11-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0546270A1 EP0546270A1 (en) 1993-06-16
EP0546270B1 true EP0546270B1 (en) 1995-03-29

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EP92117080A Expired - Lifetime EP0546270B1 (en) 1991-11-13 1992-10-07 Method of transforming brittle material

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US5519934A (en)
EP (1) EP0546270B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05208221A (en)
AT (1) ATE120390T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2080998C (en)
DE (2) DE9114122U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0546270T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2072680T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2103093C1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19714129A1 (en) * 1997-04-05 1998-10-15 Eckold Vorrichtung Joining method and device

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FR2736471B1 (en) * 1995-07-04 1997-09-12 Legrand Sa CONNECTED ASSEMBLY, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND ELECTRIC APPARATUS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH CONNECTED ASSEMBLY
KR20030005832A (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-23 현대자동차주식회사 Complex press mold
DE10245604A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-15 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method and device for the permanent connection of overlapping, plate-shaped components
FR2862243B1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2006-01-06 Renault Sas RIPING DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED RIVETTING METHOD.
KR100751318B1 (en) * 2004-10-26 2007-08-22 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Method and structure for joining plates, and display module equipped with the same
DK2117747T3 (en) * 2007-02-13 2011-08-15 Inventio Ag Method of clamping thick metal blanks and using a clamping tool
RU2464118C2 (en) * 2007-02-13 2012-10-20 Инвенцио Аг Method and tool for riveting thick metal sheets, and applying riveting tool, or apparatus, or instrument
US8024848B2 (en) * 2008-10-08 2011-09-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Double-action clinching method
DE102010020666B4 (en) * 2010-05-17 2020-04-16 Tox Pressotechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Die and tool for a riveting tool
DE102011122037A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Kathrein-Werke Kg Method for producing a high-frequency electrical connection between two plate sections and an associated high-frequency electrical connection
JP5602960B1 (en) * 2014-01-16 2014-10-08 武延 本郷 Joining jig, manufacturing method of joined body, and joined body
CN104056962A (en) * 2014-06-26 2014-09-24 梧州恒声电子科技有限公司 High-precision rapid riveting die core
CN204221410U (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-03-25 富鼎电子科技(嘉善)有限公司 Laminating mechanism
US10414072B2 (en) * 2016-07-20 2019-09-17 The Boeing Company Drill spring device method of use
CN108326146B (en) * 2018-01-21 2019-11-05 新沂市邵店众创工贸发展有限公司 A kind of sheet metal is without riveting fastening means

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE120390T1 (en) 1995-04-15
EP0546270A1 (en) 1993-06-16
CA2080998C (en) 1999-09-07
DE9114122U1 (en) 1993-04-01
US5519934A (en) 1996-05-28
RU2103093C1 (en) 1998-01-27
ES2072680T3 (en) 1995-07-16
CA2080998A1 (en) 1993-05-14
JPH05208221A (en) 1993-08-20
DK0546270T3 (en) 1995-08-07
DE59201778D1 (en) 1995-05-04

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