EP0544739A1 - Imageur haute resolution a bas niveau de lumiere. - Google Patents
Imageur haute resolution a bas niveau de lumiere.Info
- Publication number
- EP0544739A1 EP0544739A1 EP91914906A EP91914906A EP0544739A1 EP 0544739 A1 EP0544739 A1 EP 0544739A1 EP 91914906 A EP91914906 A EP 91914906A EP 91914906 A EP91914906 A EP 91914906A EP 0544739 A1 EP0544739 A1 EP 0544739A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- tube
- imager according
- electron
- amplifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVMHUALAQYRRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[P] Chemical compound [P].[P] QVMHUALAQYRRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001444 catalytic combustion detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2231/00—Cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2231/50—Imaging and conversion tubes
- H01J2231/50005—Imaging and conversion tubes characterised by form of illumination
- H01J2231/5001—Photons
- H01J2231/50015—Light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2231/00—Cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2231/50—Imaging and conversion tubes
- H01J2231/50057—Imaging and conversion tubes characterised by form of output stage
- H01J2231/50063—Optical
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2231/00—Cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2231/50—Imaging and conversion tubes
- H01J2231/50057—Imaging and conversion tubes characterised by form of output stage
- H01J2231/50089—Having optical stage before electrical conversion
- H01J2231/50094—Charge coupled device [CCD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2231/00—Cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes
- H01J2231/50—Imaging and conversion tubes
- H01J2231/501—Imaging and conversion tubes including multiplication stage
- H01J2231/5013—Imaging and conversion tubes including multiplication stage with secondary emission electrodes
- H01J2231/5016—Michrochannel plates [MCP]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high resolution imager at b -s light level.
- ' n a large number of works in physics (nuclear, astrophysics, biophysics) require being able to locate with great precision very weak light sources at the photon counting level.
- CCD charge transfer devices
- a light amplifier tube 30 essentially comprising:. a photocathode 3 1,. focusing electrodes 32,
- a wafer 33 with electron-amplifying microchannels by secondary emission and. a phosphor phosphor screen 3, - an electronic camera comprising
- the scintillator 20 generates photons when it detects an electron coming from the sample or an equivalent source. The light is amplified in the tube 30 and then applied to the electronic camera 40.
- This camera 40 is controlled in single shot mode, and not in video mode, by the module 42.
- the frame cycles (each cycle being composed of a reset phase of the transfer device of loads, an image integration phase, then a reading phase) follow one another at a fixed rate.
- each frame cycle is controlled independently of the previous cycle.
- the camera 40 is controlled in repetitive single shot mode by the external trigger generator 60, that is to say that the camera 40 is controlled to present short and repetitive integration cycles, as opposed to a simple single shot mode consisting in integrating the image of the light source over a long period and then reading only at the end of acquisition.
- the control of the camera 40 is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2, 3 and appended.
- Figure 2 shows the time distribution of a light source or sample.
- FIG. 3 represents the corresponding response of a light amplifier tube 30.
- the noise pulses will be noted in FIG. 3.
- the cycles of the charge transfer device 4 1 are superimposed on the response of the tube 30, each comprising a phase for resetting the CCD to zero, a phase for integrating the image and a reading phase of the CCD, on the other hand the signal triggering these cycles.
- piloting the camera 30 in single shot mode repetitive overcomes in part the significant cooling required in a single shot mode repeated due to _a contriDucion of thermal noise from the light amplifier tube and the camera, which is proportional to the integration time.
- piloting the camera 30 in repetitive single shot mode is not entirely satisfactory. It has the following disadvantages:
- the external trigger generator 60 is replaced by a photomulti ⁇ plier 80, associated with a shaping card 81.
- the photomuitiplier 8Q is arranged opposite the scintiila ⁇ tor 20 relative to the sample holder 10.
- the photomultiohcateur recovers part of the photons generated by the scintiilateur 20, after these have passed through the sample and the holder -sample 10, to generate a trigger pulse synchronized with the appearance of a light event.
- the integration time can be adjusted to a minimum value solely as a function of the phosphorus decay period of the light amplifier tube 30 and the duration of the reset phase of the charge transfer device 41.
- FIGS. 4 and 6 show that the system with synchronized triggering on the appearance of a light event, as shown in FIG. 5, offers the following advantages:
- this system is essentially limited to the field of molecular biology experiments, but cannot for example be used in the field of astrophysics.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the situation by eliminating the drawbacks of the prior art.
- a high resolution imager with low light level of the type comprising: - a light amplifier tube comprising: a photocathode,. at least one microchannel pancake serving as an electron amplifier, and. a luminescent phosphor screen provided with a metallic layer.
- a light amplifier tube comprising: a photocathode,. at least one microchannel pancake serving as an electron amplifier, and. a luminescent phosphor screen provided with a metallic layer.
- an electronic camera including a photosensitive matrix reed capable of transforming a received photon into an electron and - means for controlling the electronic camera, characterized in that the control means comprise an amplifier sensitive to the electrons collected on the layer of the luminescent phosphor screen to control the integration cycles of the photosensitive matrix network in repetitive single-shot mode synchronized with the appearance of photons at the input of the light amplifier tube.
- FIG. 1 previously described, schematically represents a first previously known system, - FIG. 2 represents the time distribution of a light source,
- FIG. 3 represents the corresponding response collected at the output of a light amplifier tube
- FIG. 4 represents the cycles and the trigger signal of the system illustrated in FIG. 1,
- FIG. 5 previously described, schematically represents a second previously known system
- FIG. 6 shows the cycles and the trigger signal of the system illustrated in Figure 5
- - Figure 7 shows schematically, in the form of functional blocks, an imager according to the present invention.
- the imager according to the present invention shown in FIG. 7 appended comprises a light amplifier tube 300, an electronic camera i * 00, a control circuit 700 and a computer 500.
- the light amplifier tube 300 is preferably of the type proximity focusing equipped with a double microchannel pancake giving a high gain.
- This tube 300 essentially comprises, as shown in the appended FIG. 7: a photocathode 310, two wafers 330, 33 1 to microchannels serving as an electron amplifier, and a phosphor screen 340, forming an anode.
- the phosphor screen 340 more precisely comprises a phosphor layer 341, covered, on the wafer side 330, 331, with a thin metallic layer 342, generally aluminum.
- the spray of secondary electrons corresponding to the amplification of a photoelectron by the wafers 330, 331 is accelerated towards the screen 340.
- the electrons are slowed down in this screen, there is production of light by the medium 341 excited, and the electrons are collected in a few ns on the metallized face 342 of the screen.
- the electron / electron gain of a tube 300 with double wafers 330, 33 1 is typically of the order of 10.
- the control circuit 700 comprises an amplifier 710 sensitive to the electrons collected on the metal layer of the screen 340 to control the integration cycles of the camera 400, via of a door 714.
- the function of this door 714 is to transform the analog signal from the amplifier 710 into a logic signal.
- Gate 7 14 essentially proceeds by integration and comparison with a threshold. It may, for example, be the integrating linear door sold by the company SEPH.
- the door 714 is placed between the output of the amplifier 710 and the input of the module 420.-
- the metal layer 342 of the screen is connected to ground through a resistor R712 and the metal layer 3-2 is connected to a first input of the amplifier operational 7 10, while the second input thereof is connected to ground.
- the latter is of the low noise and wide bandwidth type.
- the signal is then integrated under load and then subjected to a voltage threshold, in gate 714, the validation of which constitutes the trigger signal applied to the module 420.
- the electronic camera l -00 uti' is. "In the context of the present invention preferably comprises a charge transfer device (CCD) 410, a pilot module 420 and a module 430 forming the received signals on the CCD, similarly to previously known systems described above opposite Figures 1 and 5.
- CCD charge transfer device
- the trigger signal from gate 714 is then applied to the input of the pilot module 420, so that each trigger signal initiates a reset or "wash" cycle of the CCD, of integration of the image on the CCD, then read it via the module 430.
- the signals thus obtained then pass through an interface card 720 before being directed to the computer 500 or they are processed in a manner known per se, as described in the prior documents previously described.
- the phosphor screen 340 must have a period compatible with the duration of resetting the CCD 410. This screen must memorize the image during the resetting of the CCD which precedes each integration.
- the imager according to the present invention makes it possible to produce an image of a very weak light source (sensitivity to the single photoelectron) with a resolution of the order of 20 ⁇ m.
- a charge transfer device is a matrix network of approximately 10 small photosensitive cells (approximately 20x20 ⁇ m) capable of transfo / mer each photon received in electron. Each cell accumulates during the integration phase, a quantity of charges proportional to the illumination it receives.
- STAGE reading consists in sequentially transferring the content of each cell to an imaging device (in this case preferably the computer 500, via the interface card 720).
- the charge transfer device 410 can be replaced by a CID type device known to those skilled in the art in which the charges accumulated in each cell are read directly without transfer .
- the inventors have carried out tests in particular using an imager comprising a tube 300 light amplifier with proximity focusing equipped with a double microchannel wafer 330, 331 to obtain an electron / electron gain of the order of 10 and a fast phosphor screen (P47), a 400 CCD electronic camera, a low noise ( ⁇ 5 mV) wide bandwidth 710 voltage amplifier (of the order of 200 MHz) having a voltage gain of 100 , and an integrated linear door 714 sold by the company SEPH.
- an imager comprising a tube 300 light amplifier with proximity focusing equipped with a double microchannel wafer 330, 331 to obtain an electron / electron gain of the order of 10 and a fast phosphor screen (P47), a 400 CCD electronic camera, a low noise ( ⁇ 5 mV) wide bandwidth 710 voltage amplifier (of the order of 200 MHz) having a voltage gain of 100 , and an integrated linear door 714 sold by the company SEPH.
- the imager can however easily be adapted to detect other types of incident rays, such as for example by placing ⁇ ⁇ ray converter system of these light rays incident, such as a scintiilateur 200, upstream of the tube 300 , as shown in broken lines in Figure 7.
Landscapes
- Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9010593A FR2666170B1 (fr) | 1990-08-23 | 1990-08-23 | Imageur haute resolution a bas niveau de lumiere. |
FR9010593 | 1990-08-23 | ||
PCT/FR1991/000680 WO1992003836A1 (fr) | 1990-08-23 | 1991-08-21 | Imageur haute resolution a bas niveau de lumiere |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0544739A1 true EP0544739A1 (fr) | 1993-06-09 |
EP0544739B1 EP0544739B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 |
Family
ID=9399809
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91914906A Expired - Lifetime EP0544739B1 (fr) | 1990-08-23 | 1991-08-21 | Imageur haute resolution a bas niveau de lumiere |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5294788A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0544739B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3141205B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE115769T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69105983T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2666170B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992003836A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2706635B1 (fr) * | 1993-06-11 | 1995-07-21 | Eprest | Jumelle de vision nocturne à imagerie électronique. |
US9273548B2 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2016-03-01 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiberoptic systems and methods detecting EM signals via resistive heating |
US9091785B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 | 2015-07-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Fiberoptic systems and methods for formation monitoring |
US9513398B2 (en) | 2013-11-18 | 2016-12-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Casing mounted EM transducers having a soft magnetic layer |
WO2016085511A1 (fr) | 2014-11-26 | 2016-06-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Surveillance électromagnétique de réservoirs à terre |
US10793772B1 (en) | 2020-03-13 | 2020-10-06 | Accelovant Technologies Corporation | Monolithic phosphor composite for sensing systems |
US11359976B2 (en) | 2020-10-23 | 2022-06-14 | Accelovant Technologies Corporation | Multipoint surface temperature measurement system and method thereof |
US11353369B2 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2022-06-07 | Accelovant Technologies Corporation | Optoelectronic transducer module for thermographic temperature measurements |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3742224A (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1973-06-26 | Litton Systems Inc | Light amplifier device having an ion and low energy electron trapping means |
US3777201A (en) * | 1972-12-11 | 1973-12-04 | Litton Systems Inc | Light amplifier tube having an ion and low energy electron trapping means |
JPS61296289A (ja) * | 1985-06-25 | 1986-12-27 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | α線像検出装置 |
JPS63155534A (ja) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-28 | Toshiba Corp | X線螢光増倍管 |
FR2615654B1 (fr) * | 1987-05-22 | 1989-07-28 | Sodern | Tube analyseur d'image a compensation de file |
US5235191A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-08-10 | Miller Robert N | Real-time x-ray device |
-
1990
- 1990-08-23 FR FR9010593A patent/FR2666170B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-08-21 AT AT91914906T patent/ATE115769T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-21 EP EP91914906A patent/EP0544739B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-21 WO PCT/FR1991/000680 patent/WO1992003836A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-08-21 US US07/975,930 patent/US5294788A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-21 JP JP03514360A patent/JP3141205B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-21 DE DE69105983T patent/DE69105983T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9203836A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2666170A1 (fr) | 1992-02-28 |
ATE115769T1 (de) | 1994-12-15 |
FR2666170B1 (fr) | 1992-12-11 |
US5294788A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
JPH06500424A (ja) | 1994-01-13 |
EP0544739B1 (fr) | 1994-12-14 |
DE69105983D1 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
WO1992003836A1 (fr) | 1992-03-05 |
JP3141205B2 (ja) | 2001-03-05 |
DE69105983T2 (de) | 1995-07-20 |
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