EP0542151A1 - Fils de suture et procédé de sa fabrication - Google Patents

Fils de suture et procédé de sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0542151A1
EP0542151A1 EP92119048A EP92119048A EP0542151A1 EP 0542151 A1 EP0542151 A1 EP 0542151A1 EP 92119048 A EP92119048 A EP 92119048A EP 92119048 A EP92119048 A EP 92119048A EP 0542151 A1 EP0542151 A1 EP 0542151A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
suture
entangled
filaments
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP92119048A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ilya Koyfman
Michael P. Chesterfield
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Surgical Corp
Original Assignee
United States Surgical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Surgical Corp filed Critical United States Surgical Corp
Publication of EP0542151A1 publication Critical patent/EP0542151A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D04C1/12—Cords, lines, or tows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L17/00—Materials for surgical sutures or for ligaturing blood vessels ; Materials for prostheses or catheters
    • A61L17/06—At least partially resorbable materials
    • A61L17/10—At least partially resorbable materials containing macromolecular materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
    • D10B2509/04—Sutures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/908—Jet interlaced or intermingled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multifilament suture yarn and to a method for making same.
  • Sutures intended for the repair of body tissues must meet certain requirements: they must be substantially non-toxic, capable of being readily sterilized, they must have good tensile strength and have acceptable knot-tying and knot-holding characteristics and if the sutures are of the absorbable or biodegradable variety, the absorbtion or biodegradation of the suture must be closely controlled.
  • Sutures have been constructed from a wide variety of materials including surgical gut, silk, cotton, a polyolefin such as polypropylene, polyamide, polyglycolic acid, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and glycolide-lactide copolymer, etc.
  • a polyolefin such as polypropylene
  • polyamide such as polypropylene
  • polyamide such as polypropylene
  • polyamide such as polyethylene terephthalate and glycolide-lactide copolymer
  • sutures manufactured from such materials are preferably provided as braided structures.
  • sutures manufactured from silk, polyamide, polyester and bio-absorbable glycolide-lactide copolymer are usually provided as multifilament braids.
  • Commercial examples of such sutures include DEXON (David & Geck, Inc.) and VICRYL (Ethicon, Inc.).
  • braided sutures comprise an arrangement of discrete units, or bundles, denominated "sheath yarns", each sheath yarn being made up of individual filaments with the sheath yarns interlacing in a regular criss-cross pattern.
  • the core may be a cabled structure made up of plied yarns each of which has been given a twist in one direction, the plied yarns then being combined to form a core which is then given a twist in a second, opposite direction.
  • spun or zero twist yarn consists of filaments which are essentially parallel to each other and which are held in contiguity by a treating fluid, i.e., spin finish, which includes lubricants and other agents to facilitate processing of the yarn.
  • spin finish which includes lubricants and other agents to facilitate processing of the yarn.
  • spun yarn is subject to defects which impair handling and processing characteristics of the yarn and the finished suture. For example, filaments can snag and break during processing, thereby causing defects such as fluff balls, slubs, and ringers.
  • the surface characteristics of the finished suture are very important and much research and development has been performed in the suture field to improve the surface characteristics, especially the surface smoothness, of multifilament sutures.
  • twisting One way of reducing the defects mentioned above is to twist the individual filaments. Twisting compacts and unifies the yarn thereby resulting in a more cohesive structure. However, twisting greatly increases the processing costs. Moreover, as the yarn is subjected to an extra step of mechanical handling, it is more subject to be damaged. The fewer operations the filaments are subjected to during processing the less chance there is of breakage.
  • denier of the individual filaments Another consideration is the denier of the individual filaments. From the standpoint of surface characteristics lower denier filaments are preferable for reducing the surface roughness and the attendant drag and chatter as the suture is drawn through body tissue. However, smaller denier filaments break more easily than larger denier filaments in certain processing.
  • a method for making a surgical suture comprises: providing a plurality of filaments of surgical suture material; combining the filaments into a yarn; and passing the yarn through a fluid jet intermingling zone which includes an enclosed passageway, impinging at least one jet of fluid such as air under fluid pressure higher than ambient pressure upon said yarn to intermingle the filaments thereof, thereby forming an entangled yarn.
  • the suture material can be a synthetic polymer and can be bioabsorbable or non-bioabsorbable.
  • the fluid jet pulsates so as to form discrete spaced apart regions of entanglement along the length of the suture yarn.
  • a length of the entangled yarn with a length of at least one other entangled yarn is combining a length of the entangled yarn with a length of at least one other entangled yarn to form a plied suture core yarn; entangling the suture core yarn in accordance with the entanglement method mentioned above, and twisting the entangled core yarn; then combining a length of the twisted and entangled core yarn with a length of at least one other twisted and entangled core yarn, each entangled core yarn having been twisted in the same direction; and then twisting said combined twisted and entangled core yarns in the opposite direction to form a suture core.
  • the suture also includes a braided sheath formed by combining a length of entangled yarn with a length of at least one other entangled yarn to form a suture sheath yarn; entangling the suture sheath yarn in accordance with the entanglement method mentioned above; and, braiding said entangled sheath yarn with from about 3 to about 35 other entangled sheath yams around said suture core to form a finished braided suture.
  • the suture can be formed from a braided sheath yarn without a core. Air entangling the suture yams eliminates any need to twist the sheath yarns, thereby advantageously reducing in process handling of the yarns and reducing equipment and processing costs.
  • an amount of spin finish is applied to the individual filaments prior to combining said filaments into a yarn, and then substantially all of the spin finish is removed from the finished suture.
  • the amount of spin finish applied to said filaments is about 50% less than the amount of spin finish required without employing the entanglement step. Because spin finish must be removed in a subsequent washing steps, reduced spin finish advantageously facilitates processing.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the method and apparatus used in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the jet entanglement apparatus.
  • Fig. 3a is a perspective view of a body element useful in the entanglement apparatus.
  • Fig. 3b is a perspective view of an alternative body element useful in the jet entanglement apparatus.
  • the filaments included in the suture of the present invention may be fabricated from non-bioabsorbable materials such as silk, cotton, polypropylene, polyolefins, polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
  • the suture of the present invention is fabricated from filaments extruded from a bio-absorbable or biodegradable resin such as one derived from polyglycolic acid, glycolide, lactic acid, lactide, dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, etc., and various combinations of these and related monomers.
  • a bio-absorbable or biodegradable resin such as one derived from polyglycolic acid, glycolide, lactic acid, lactide, dioxanone, trimethylene carbonate, etc., and various combinations of these and related monomers.
  • Sutures prepared from resins of this type are known in the art, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the suture construction method of the present invention includes the following initial steps:
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates as spun filaments 10 extruded through spinneret 30 and quenched in chamber 31.
  • the filaments can have a denier ranging from about 0.2 to 6 denier, preferably about 0.8 to about 3.0 denier, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.8 denier, depending on the overall suture denier.
  • Low denier is especially desirable in sheath filaments to maintain smooth surface characteristics, whereas core filaments may optionally have a higher denier, especially for sutures with a high overall denier.
  • the number of filaments present in a yarn will depend on the overall denier of the suture and whether the yarn is to be incorporated into a sheath or core. Table I below sets forth typical numbers of filaments per yarn. TABLE I NUMBER OF FILAMENTS PER YARN APPROXIMATE RANGE OF FILAMENT NUMBER FILAMENT DENIER PER YARN 0.2 45 to 450 0.5 15 to 150 1.5 5 to 50 1.8 3 to 40 6.0 1 to 15
  • a spin finish applicator 50 applies spin finish to the filaments which are then passed around lube godet 40. During this procedure, the filaments 10 combine in parallel contiguous arrangement to form yarn 20. Yarn 20 is then passed around a series of godets 180 for drawing and relaxing the suture yarn.
  • the yarn speed can be from about 200 to about 1000 meters per minute, preferably about 600 to about 800 meters per minute, and more preferably about 700 to about 800 meters per minute.
  • the yarn is under a tension of from about 3 to about 10 grams, preferably about 3 to about 7 grams, and more preferably from about 3 to about 5 grams.
  • the yarn 20 from step 2 above is sent to a jet entanglement apparatus 100.
  • Jet entanglement a fluid, preferably air or some other gas, is forced at elevated pressure into a chamber through which a multifilament yarn is passed.
  • the turbulence of the jet causes the filaments to entangle or intermingle in the area impinged by the jet.
  • the movement of the yarn and the size and shape of the chamber can interact to cause pulsations in the turbulence.
  • the yarn can exit the chamber with discrete regularly spaced apart areas of entanglement alternating with non-entangled areas.
  • the entangled portions are retained by the yarn through subsequent processing steps. Jet entanglement can accomplish many of the features of twisting with a simpler and less costly method.
  • jet entangler apparatus 100 comprises slub catcher 110, eyelets 123, 120 and 121, support frame 140, quick release adjustment 150, air supply line 160, mounting plate 170 for supporting the apparatus which includes adjustment slot 171 with adjustment wing nut 172, support block 174, roller 181, and body element 130.
  • An apparatus suitable for use in the present invention is available from Fiberguide Ltd., located at Maple Court, Davenport Street, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 1 JE, England. Especially suitable are Models FG-1 and FG-4.
  • the body element 130 is preferably fabricated as an integral single piece from a hard, durable material such as tungsten carbide, ceramic coated steel, or solid ceramic.
  • Body element 130 possesses a chamber 132 extending lengthwise along the moving path of the threadline in which the entanglement takes place.
  • a threading slot 133 facilitates easy threading of the suture yarn within the chamber.
  • the chamber is preferably of triangular cross section to facilitate turbulence.
  • the height H of the chamber 132 i.e., the distance from the base to the apex of the triangle, can be from about 2.0 millimeters to about 5 millimeters, more preferably from about 2.3 millimeters to about 4.3 millimeters.
  • Air or other suitable gas, is introduced into the chamber 130 via orifice 131, which may be oriented at angle A from a line perpendicular to the longitudinal path of the threadline. Angle A can be from about 0° to about 15°.
  • the air is introduced to the chamber 130 at a pressure of from about 10 to 100 psi, preferably 30 to 90 psi, and more preferably 60 to 80 psi.
  • the diameter of orifice 131 can range from about 1 to 3 millimeters, and more preferably from about 1 to 1.5 millimeters.
  • the body element 130 is secured to the support frame 140 by means of locking plate 141 and locking screw 142.
  • Quick release connection 150 which is secured to support block 174 and which, in turn, supports body element support frame 140, allows for consistent and precise positioning of the body element 130 between eyelets 120 and 121.
  • the body element can be of any of the various configurations and dimensions suitable for the suture entanglement process of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3A illustrates a body element 130a such as from the FG-1 model entangler from Fiberguide.
  • the triangular shaped chamber 132 is oriented with apex pointing downward.
  • the height H of the chamber 132 can be from 2.3 to about 4.1 mm.
  • a preferred size for the channel for a yarn having a denier of about 10 to about 100 is about 2.3 mm in conjunction with an orifice diameter of about 1.3 mm.
  • Fig. 3B illustrates a body element 130b of the FG-4 model entangler from Fiberguide.
  • the triangular shaped chamber 132 is oriented with its apex pointing sideways.
  • suture yarn 20 is passed over godets 180, it is then passed through eyelet 123, and through slot 111 in slub catcher 110, and through eyelet 120 and into chamber 130 at a preferred speed of about 750 meters per minute.
  • Air is ejected from orifice 130 at preferably about 70 psi and preferably at an angle A of about 5°.
  • the turbulence is characterized by pulsations, i.e., discrete impingements of air upon the suture yarn, which produce from about 20 to 80 impingements 21 or regions of entanglement per meter of suture yarn length, i.e., an impingement spacing of 12.5 mm to about 50 mm.
  • a preferred range is 35 to 50 impingements per meter, (i.e., an impingement spacing of 20 mm to about 29 mm).
  • entangled yarn 20 After exiting from chamber 132, entangled yarn 20 passes through eyelet 121 around roller 181, and onto a take up spool 185.
  • the entangled yarn 20 may be combined with other entangled yarns and further entangled in conjunction with twisting or braiding operations.
  • Sutures can optionally be provided with yarns comprising a separately constructed core around which sheath yarns are braided.
  • 3 to 7 entangled yams from step 3 above are further combined and entangled to form a plied entangled yarn which is then twisted.
  • the plied yarn is then combined with other plied yarns, each yarn having been twisted in the same direction.
  • the combined plied yarns are then combined and twisted in the opposite direction to form a cabled core unit around which the remainder of the suture is constructed.
  • the degree of twist which is applied to the yarns can vary widely with from about 200 to about 1500 turns per meter, and preferably from about 240 to about 1200 turns per meter generally providing good results.
  • the large denier yarns on the order of from about 100 to about 1000 denier, are jet entangled in accordance with the invention and multiple twisted large denier yarns are combined and twisted in the opposite direction to form a cabled core.
  • Sheath yarns do not need to be plied. From about 4 to about 36 sheath yams may be braided around the aforementioned core to form the finished suture. Alternatively, the finished suture may be braided with sheath yarns only, and without a core.
  • the braided suture herein can be provided with a therapeutic agent which will be deposited at the sutured site.
  • the therapeutic agent can be chosen for its antimicrobial properties, capability for promoting wound repair and/or tissue growth or for specific indications such as thrombosis.
  • Antimicrobial agents such as broad spectrum antibiotics (gentamicin sulphate, erythromycin or derivatized glycopeptides) which are slowly released into the tissue can be applied in this manner to aid in combating clinical and sub-clinical infections in a surgical or trauma wound site.
  • broad spectrum antibiotics gentamicin sulphate, erythromycin or derivatized glycopeptides
  • one or several growth promoting factors can be introduced into the suture, e.g., fibroblast growth factor, bone growth factor, epidermal growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, macrophage derived grown factor, alveolar derived growth factor, monocyte derived growth factor, magainin, and so forth.
  • Some therapeutic indications are: glycerol with tissue or kidney plasminogen activator to cause thrombosis, superoxide dismutase to scavenge tissue damaging free radicals, tumor necrosis factor for cancer therapy or colony stimulating factor and interferon, interleukin-2 or other lymphokine to enhance the immune system.
  • the jet entanglement process offers several surprising advantages with respect to surgical suture fabrication.
  • Spin finish is a fluid applied to the filaments after extrusion to improve processability.
  • Spin finish includes such agents as lubricants and antistatic agents. After processing, however, the spin finish must be removed by washing before the suture is packaged.
  • a reduction in the required amount of spin finish would provide advantageous cost reduction at two stages of operation: the application of the spin finish and its removal.
  • air entanglement employed the amount of spin finish required for processing is reduced by about 50%. Thus, considerable savings are realized.
  • Jet entanglement obviates the need for a twisting operation.
  • considerable savings in terms of the capital cost of twisting equipment, facilities, and other related costs are realized.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that yarn processability is improved and breakage of filaments is reduced. Even if a filament breaks it can only strip back as far as the next closest impingement or entanglement area, which is generally no more than about 12 to 50 mm distance.
  • air entanglement advantageously tends to imbed broken ends of filaments within the suture yarn, reducing the likelihood that the broken filaments will accumulate during further processing. These results are especially important when the individual filaments possess a low denier, i.e., a denier less than about 2.
  • yet another advantage of employing jet entanglement is that it enables the suture to be made from filaments of low denier at a low defect rate. As mentioned above, use of lower denier filaments is desired because lower denier filaments result in a smoother structure.
  • the results of the air entanglement process of the present invention depends on the balancing of several variables: air pressure, yarn tension, orifice size, impingement angle, spin finish level, and chamber dimensions. These variables may be adjusted in accordance with the desired results for any particular type of yarn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
EP92119048A 1991-11-13 1992-11-06 Fils de suture et procédé de sa fabrication Withdrawn EP0542151A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/791,422 US5275618A (en) 1991-11-13 1991-11-13 Jet entangled suture yarn and method for making same
US791422 1991-11-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0542151A1 true EP0542151A1 (fr) 1993-05-19

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EP (1) EP0542151A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2080500A1 (fr)

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US5423859A (en) 1995-06-13
US5275618A (en) 1994-01-04

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