EP0541963B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour la production d'éléments en béton avec degré de compression contrÔlé - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour la production d'éléments en béton avec degré de compression contrÔlé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0541963B1
EP0541963B1 EP92117308A EP92117308A EP0541963B1 EP 0541963 B1 EP0541963 B1 EP 0541963B1 EP 92117308 A EP92117308 A EP 92117308A EP 92117308 A EP92117308 A EP 92117308A EP 0541963 B1 EP0541963 B1 EP 0541963B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
trowelling
compaction
section
cross
concrete mix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92117308A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0541963A1 (fr
Inventor
Paavo Ojanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
elematic Oy AB
Original Assignee
Partek Concrete Engineering Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Partek Concrete Engineering Oy filed Critical Partek Concrete Engineering Oy
Publication of EP0541963A1 publication Critical patent/EP0541963A1/fr
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Publication of EP0541963B1 publication Critical patent/EP0541963B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/084—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting the vibrating moulds or cores being moved horizontally for making strands of moulded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
    • B28B3/228—Slipform casting extruder, e.g. self-propelled extruder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 capable of achieving controlled compaction of a cast concrete product by way of measuring the parameters related to the casting process.
  • the invention also concerns an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 8 for implementing the method.
  • Elongated concrete products such as hollow-core slabs are conventionally produced using extruder-type casting apparatuses.
  • the casting apparatus is comprised of a conical feed hopper connected to one or more feed augers beneath.
  • the feed auger is frequently followed by a shaping mandrel which is further extended as an auxiliary mandrel supporting the core cavity formed within the product.
  • the shaping mandrel contains a vibrator or similar compacting arrangement for the compaction of the cast concrete into the shape determined by the casting mould and the mandrels.
  • the casting apparatus has an upper trowelling beam forming the upper edge of the mould, and frequently, the sides of the mould are also designed to perform as the side trowelling beams.
  • the trowelling beams compact the concrete mix during the course of the casting process and give the cast product a neat surface finish. Besides trowelling or to augment it, vibration can also be employed for compaction.
  • Extruder-type casting apparatuses are designed to operate as continuous-casting machines, which are transferred forward on the mould top by the reaction forces imposed by the feed augers.
  • Extruder-type casting apparatuses are well suited for the mass production of concrete products, but the attainment of controlled strength properties for concrete products fabricated by means of conventional methods has been difficult and the production equipment employed have been prone to malfunction. Measurement of the factors affecting the quality of finished products has been attempted in several ways. The factor most typically measured has been the internal pressure of the concrete mix in the casting mould. The internal pressure of the mix has been measured either directly using appropriate sensors or indirectly by sensing the force imposed by the internal pressure of mix onto an element of the casting machine such as the feed augers, trowelling beams or other components of the machinery.
  • Strength variations in the finished product are principally related to the fact that the concrete mix is not compacted in an identical manner throughout the entire casting sequence. Compaction is affected by such factors as, i.a., concrete mix moisture, aggregate size and variations between the relative proportions of the mix constituents. For instance, a minor change in mix moisture can cause a major change in the degree of compaction of the final product, even if the other process variables are kept constant. Hence, the factors affecting the degree of compaction become very difficult to manage during the preparation stage of the concrete mix. In practice, the composition of the concrete mix is always very inhomogeneous and consequently compacts inconsistently in the different parts of the product even within a single product. The casting machines move on the casting bed by the reactive forces imposed by the feed augers.
  • the transfer resistance of the casting machine can vary due to different reasons, and with an increase in the resistance, the feed augers must propel the mix with a higher force resulting in higher compaction of the cast product. Conversely, a reduction in the transfer resistance results in a lower degree of compaction. To obtain a consistent quality for the finished products, the compaction process of the concrete mix should be measurable and controllable.
  • Compaction of concrete has been measured indirectly by sensing, e.g., the power applied to rotate the augers or the axial force imposed on the auger.
  • Such an implementation is disclosed in, e.g., the US patent publication 3,175,477.
  • the GB patent 1,586,181 describes a method in which the input power to the auger or the reactive force imposed on it are employed as the control signal for adjusting the casting machine speed.
  • the casting speed is advantageously held as steady as possible, thus achieving a consistent degree of compaction for the concrete mix in all parts of the product.
  • the degree of compaction cannot be measured in the apparatus according to these prior art publications, and the compaction result in the final product is not controllable particularly in extruders in which the casting machine is transferred by the reactive propulsion forces of the augers.
  • the method according to the invention is based on measuring the input power to the side or top trowelling beam of the casting machine, or alternatively, a variable related to the input power, then processing the result by computational methods, and finally utilizing the result of the computation for controlling the factors affecting the degree of compaction such as the rotational speed of the feed augers or the vibration input power and/or the mechanical trowelling movements of the mandrels or other elements of the casting machine.
  • the invention provides significant benefits.
  • the input power consumed by the trowelling beam which performs the compaction of the concrete mix, correlates well with the variables characterizing the workability and rheological properties of the concrete mix. These properties are dependent on, i.a., the mix aggregate composition, binding agents and admixtures, and the amount of mix water. For instance, the aggregate size affects to a high degree the workability of the mix and the amount of compaction work required.
  • the compaction parameters such as the input power to the vibrator or mechanical trowelling element, the internal pressure of the concrete mix and the compaction power can be set to an optimal level with respect to the mix composition and the properties desired for the final product.
  • the measured input power gives an extremely realistic estimate of the total compaction power required.
  • the power consumption of the casting machine can be optimized for each product, thereby minimizing energy costs and avoiding unnecessary loading of the machinery, thus reducing wear.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is an extruder-type casting apparatus adapted to run along the sides of a mould 13 supported by load-bearing wheels 5.
  • the apparatus is assembled onto a frame 4.
  • the exemplifying casting apparatus has three conical feed augers 2.
  • the augers 2 are mounted on the frame 4 by means of a rotatable shaft 7 of the auger.
  • Shaping mandrels 3 are placed to the trailing end of the feed augers 2 relative to the casting direction.
  • a pull rod 6 adapted to pass through the center of each auger shaft 7 is actuated by a drive motor 9 of the compacting motion adapted to drive the rod via a crank lever mechanism 16, and the auger end is provided with a variator gear 17, via which the drive motors of the augers 2 are connected to the auger shaft 7.
  • the top of the apparatus carries a conical feed hopper 1.
  • a top trowelling beam 11 and lower trowelling beams 12 which are located at the sides of the apparatus.
  • the top trowelling beam 11 is connected via a crank lever mechanism 15 to the drive actuator of the top trowelling beam, and correspondingly, the side trowelling beams 12 are connected via crank lever mechanisms 22 to drive motors 10' of the side trowelling beams.
  • a measurement signal line 19 is routed from the drive motor 10 of the top trowelling beam to a control unit 18, wherefrom control signal lines are routed to a drive motor 8 of the auger and the actuator of the compacting motion.
  • the control of the actuators can be implemented by means of, e.g., a variator or frequency converter, or any other conventional means known in the art.
  • the function of the apparatus is as follows. Concrete mix poured in the feed hopper 1 flows by gravity onto the feed augers 2 rotated by the actuator 10. The rotating augers 2 propel the mix into a pressurized space continued as the shaping space delineated by the mould 13, the side trowelling beams 12 and the top trowelling beam 11. In this space the concrete mix is compressed into the space between the shaping mandrels 3, the walls 11, 12, 13 delineating the shaping space, and is further compacted by the motion of the shaping mandrels 3 and the trowelling beams 11, 12 and the generated internal pressure, thus taking the shape of the desired finished product 14 such as a hollow-core beam.
  • the reciprocating motion of the shaping mandrels 3 is provided by an electric motor 9 connected via a reduction gear and the crank lever mechanism 16 to the end of the pull rod 6.
  • the motion of the top trowelling beam 11 and the side trowelling beams is implemented by means of similar combination electric motor/crank mechanisms 10, 15 and 10', 22.
  • the control of the apparatus is implemented by direct or indirect measurement of the input power to the drive motor 10, 10' of the top trowelling beam 11 and/or the side trowelling beam 12.
  • the measured variable can be, e.g., the input current or hydraulic input pressure to the drive motor, and the selection of the variable is adapted according to the actuators and control technology employed.
  • the input power to the drive motor 10 of top trowelling beam is advantageously measured for fabricating hollow-cored slabs and similar slab-like products illustrated in Fig. 2, while fabrication of products illustrated in Fig. 3 such as I-beams having a smaller width-to-height ratio is preferably carried out by measuring the power input to the drive motors 10' of the side trowelling beams.
  • the measurement signal of the control variable is taken into the control unit 18 so that the control unit 18 can compute the necessary control signals employed for regulating the rotational speed of the augers 2 or the speed of the compacting motion of the shaping mandrels, or possibly both of these.
  • the basic rule of the control principle is to slow down the rotational speed of the augers 2 to attain pressure reduction in the compaction/shaping space, and in a similar fashion, the speed of the compacting motion of mandrels 3 can be increased to effect pressure reduction. As a pressure reduction results in reduced input power, it is possible to establish defined relationships of the power consumption, the internal pressure and the compaction energy.
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an exemplifying control system in which the speed of two feed augers 2 and the reciprocating stroke rate of the shaping mandrels 3 are controlled on the basis of the input current to the drive motor 10 of the trowelling beam 11.
  • the control system is operated as a discrete state system, that is, by sampling the motor input current at certain time intervals t p . If the measured value mI p of the motor input current deviates outside its tolerance limits, that is, the measured value is greater than the sum of the set value I p of the input current to the trowelling beam drive motor 10 and the nominal allowable deviation I ps thereof, the program proceeds to the next step. Otherwise, the program resumes the initial state without performing any control steps.
  • the time tim r required for regulating the variator gears of the feed augers is checked to be shorter than the maximum allowable regulation time t c . If not, the program steps to the alarm state in which the apparatus is halted and the operator is alerted by issuing an alarm. Provided that the time required for regulating the variators remains smaller than the maximum allowable regulation time, the measured value mI p of motor input current is tested whether it exceeds the sum of the set value I p of the trowelling beam drive motor input current and the maximum allowable deviation I pu thereof. If larger, the measured value is tested whether it exceeds the absolute maximum input current; and with a positive result, the program returns to the initial state via the alarm and halt states.
  • the program issues a control signal to increase the reciprocating stroke rate of the compacting mandrel for a preset mandrel-regulating time t tt .
  • the next program step issues a control signal to reduce the rotational speed of the augers 2 for a preset auger-regulating time t rt .
  • the program checks the relative rotational speeds of the augers 2 by comparing the absolute value of the difference of measured motor currents mI 1 and mI 2 of said augers against a preset allowable difference I rd . If the absolute value of the difference remains below the set limit, the program resumes the initial state; otherwise, the rotational speed of the faster running auger is reduced for a preset regulating time t it of the auger drive motors.
  • the drive elements can be any power actuators capable of delivering the required output power. In the above applications, however, electric or hydraulic motors are superior.
  • the conversion of a rotational movement into a linear cyclically reciprocating motion can be implemented in different ways using, e.g., a crank lever or eccentric cam and follower mechanism. All drive elements can be controllable, but the simplest embodiment requires only the rotational speed of the augers 2 or the reciprocating compacting motion of the mandrels 2 to be controllable.
  • Concrete mix feed by means of the augers 2 can be replaced by an alternative feed method such as, e.g., ram feed.
  • the shaping mandrels are not absolutely necessary, but rather, can be replaced by tapering mandrels when fabricating cast products with a solid core. Replacing or complementing the action of the mandrels, other compaction methods such as high-frequency vibration can be employed. If so desired, the shaping mandrels can be mounted apart from the feed augers, whereby they operate as separate elements, allowing the augers to feed the concrete mix between the mandrels.
  • the control of the compacting motion or the compaction effect can be implemented by regulating the speed or stroke length of the compacting motion or the vibration input power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Méthode pour la production d'un élément en béton ayant un degré de compactage contrôlé, dans laquelle :
    un prémélange de béton est distribué au moyen d'au moins un élément de distribution rotatif (2) ayant une section transversale à contour défini (3,11,12,13) afin de fabriquer un élément en béton de forme désirée,
    le prémélange coulé est compacté au moyen d'au moins un mouvement de va-et-vient de poutres d'égalisation (11,12) et/ou de mandrins de formage (3), et
    le mouvement de va-et-vient des poutres d'égalisation (11,12) est engendré par des moyens d'entraînement (10, 10'),
    caractérisée en ce que
    la puissance consommée par les moyens d'entraînement (10,10') engendrant le mouvement de va-et-vient de la poutre d'égalisation supérieure (11) et/ou de la poutre d'égalisation latérale (12), ou une variable liée à ladite puissance, est mesurée par une méthode appropriée et, sur la base du résultat de mesure obtenu, au moins le mouvement de va-et-vient de compactage d'une des poutres d'égalisation (11,12) et/ou des mandrins de formage (3),et/ou la vitesse de rotation de l'élément de distribution (2), est réglé de façon à effectuer le réglage de l'effet de compactage et de la pression dans les limites de la section transversale à contour défini.
  2. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle le prémélange de béton est compacté par déplacement d'au moins une (11) des surfaces délimitant ladite section transversale,caractérisée en ce que la puissance mesurée est la puissance consommée pour déplacer ladite surface (11), de sorte qu'on emploie une mesure directe ou indirecte de la puissance.
  3. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle le prémélange de béton est distribué à travers la section transversale à contour défini (3,11,12,13) et compacté par déplacement d'au moins un des mandrins (3) placés dans ladite section transversale de façon à délimiter ladite section transversale,caractérisée en ce que, sur la base de la valeur de mesure, à la fois la distribution et le compactage du prémélange de béton sont régulés par commande du mouvement du mandrin (3).
  4. Méthode suivant la revendication 1, dans laquelle le prémélange de béton est distribué à travers la section transversale à contour défini (3,11,12,13) et compacté par déplacement d'au moins un des mandrins (3) placés dans ladite section transversale de façon à délimiter ladite section transversale, ainsi que par déplacement de trois des surfaces (11,12) délimitant ladite section transversale, caractérisée en ce que la puissance consommée pour déplacer la totalité des trois surfaces (11,12) est mesurée d'une manière appropriée et la distribution du prémélange de béton est régulée sur la base de la valeur de mesure.
  5. Méthode suivant les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisée en ce qu'à la fois la distribution et le compactage du prémélange de béton sont régulés sur la base de la valeur de mesure.
  6. Méthode suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la variable mesurée est le courant d'entrée d'un moteur électrique d'entraînement.
  7. Méthode suivant une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la variable mesurée est une pression de fluide hydraulique d'entraînement.
  8. Dispositif pour la production d'un élément en béton ayant un degré de compactage contrôlé, ledit dispositif comprenant :
    au moins un élément de distribution rotatif (2) pour distribuer un prémélange de béton à travers une section transversale à contour défini (3,11,12,13),
    au moins une poutre d'égalisation (11,12) et/ou un mandrin de formage (3) délimitant ladite section transversale (3,11,12,13), pouvant être mis en mouvement de va-et-vient afin de compacter le prémélange de béton, et
    des moyens d'entraînement (10,15) pour engendrer le mouvement de va-et-vient de ladite surface, caractérisé par
    des moyens de mesure (19) qui transmettent et traitent (18) la valeur de puissance d'entrée appliquée aux moyens d'entraînement (10,10') qui déplacent la poutre d'égalisation supérieure (11) et/ou une poutre d'égalisation latérale (12), ou en variante une variable liée à ladite valeur de puissance, de façon à engendrer un signal de commande, et
    des moyens (20,21) pour transmettre ledit signal de commande au moins aux éléments de régulation du mouvement alternatif d'une des poutres d'égalisation (11,12) et/ou des mandrins de formage (3), et/ou de la vitesse de rotation des moyens de distribution (2) du prémélange de béton.
  9. Dispositif suivant la revendication 8, comprenant au moins un mandrin de formage (3) s'étendant dans ladite section transversale à contour défini et des éléments de génération d'un mouvement de va-et-vient du. dit mandrin (3), caractérisé par des moyens (21) appropriés à la transmission d'un signal de commande auxdits éléments de génération de mouvement (9,16) afin de réguler l'effet de compactage dudit mandrin.
  10. Dispositif suivant la revendication 9, comprenant un moule (13) qui entoure ladite section transversale à contour défini, deux poutres d'égalisation latérales (12) déplaçables par un actionneur (10') et une poutre d'égalisation supérieure (11) déplaçable par un actionneur (10), et au moins un mandrin de formage (3), caractérisé par des moyens (19) permettant de mesurer la puissance consommée par lesdits actionneurs ou lesdites poutres d'égalisation (11,12), ou,en variante, de mesurer une variable liée à ladite puissance.
EP92117308A 1991-10-11 1992-10-09 Méthode et dispositif pour la production d'éléments en béton avec degré de compression contrÔlé Expired - Lifetime EP0541963B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI914822 1991-10-11
FI914822A FI97455C (fi) 1991-10-11 1991-10-11 Menetelmä ja laite hallitusti tiivistetyn betonituotteen valmistamiseksi

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0541963A1 EP0541963A1 (fr) 1993-05-19
EP0541963B1 true EP0541963B1 (fr) 1997-05-28

Family

ID=8533285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92117308A Expired - Lifetime EP0541963B1 (fr) 1991-10-11 1992-10-09 Méthode et dispositif pour la production d'éléments en béton avec degré de compression contrÔlé

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0541963B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE153587T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69219999T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0541963T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2100996T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI97455C (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI115618B (fi) * 1999-03-02 2005-06-15 Valkeakoski Extec Oy Ltd Sovitelma ja menetelmä tiivistysliikkeen aikaansaamiseksi betonin valu koneessa
FI117130B (fi) 2001-06-27 2006-06-30 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Menetelmä ja laite betonituotteen valmistamiseksi
CN103909557B (zh) * 2014-04-22 2017-02-08 余以富 一种人造石的生产方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1066320A (en) * 1963-02-25 1967-04-26 Cheney Alwyn Halley Improvements in concrete laying machines
FI84575C (fi) * 1988-09-14 1991-12-27 Partek Ab Foerfarande och glidgjutningsmaskin foer gjutning av en eller flera parallella betongprodukter.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI97455B (fi) 1996-09-13
FI914822A (fi) 1993-04-12
DK0541963T3 (da) 1997-12-15
EP0541963A1 (fr) 1993-05-19
FI97455C (fi) 1996-12-27
ES2100996T3 (es) 1997-07-01
FI914822A0 (fi) 1991-10-11
DE69219999T2 (de) 1997-09-11
ATE153587T1 (de) 1997-06-15
DE69219999D1 (de) 1997-07-03

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