EP0540920B1 - Impact mill - Google Patents

Impact mill Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0540920B1
EP0540920B1 EP92117691A EP92117691A EP0540920B1 EP 0540920 B1 EP0540920 B1 EP 0540920B1 EP 92117691 A EP92117691 A EP 92117691A EP 92117691 A EP92117691 A EP 92117691A EP 0540920 B1 EP0540920 B1 EP 0540920B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
impact
impact element
mill
finger
wear
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EP92117691A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0540920A3 (en
EP0540920A2 (en
Inventor
Stefan Dipl.-Ing. Liebing
Helmut Dr. Zapf
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Buehler GmbH
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Buehler GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0012Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain)
    • B02C19/0018Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) using a rotor accelerating the materials centrifugally against a circumferential breaking surface
    • B02C19/0025Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) using a rotor accelerating the materials centrifugally against a circumferential breaking surface by means of a rotor with radially extending channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02BPREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact mill according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • US-A-2 352 327 shows an example with a closed, ring-shaped impact body
  • DE-C-30 11 112 illustrates an impact body consisting of several segments. While the first-mentioned impact mill for peeling nuts, in particular cereals with one surrounding the grains Shell, the latter is used to grind stone.
  • US-A-2 352 327 shows an impact ring that can be moved up and down, so that the wear is evened out over its area. Although this extends the service life of such a ring, it is only possible to determine when the final time for a replacement has come when the mill is at a standstill.
  • DE-A-41 03 468 also deals with the problem of uniform wear and tear, taking a different path than the aforementioned US-A-. But even here the problem remains unsolved to recognize the right time to replace the impact ring.
  • the DD 301 241 A7 describes a device for displaying the limit value of the impact plate wear on impact wheels. Blind holes are drilled in the wear zones and then plugged gas-tight. The cavity formed in this way is opened with increasing wear of the striking plate. The gases flowing past while the mill is running an acoustic, perceptible signal.
  • DD 301 325 Another device for displaying the limit useful life of impact wheels can be found in DD 301 325. At certain intervals, mold stands are placed near the wear zone. After the mill has been in operation for a long time, there is a demonstrable imbalance due to wear.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing an impact mill of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it is unnecessary to switch off the mill for the purpose of checking the impact ring and the impact ring can nevertheless continue to function for as long as possible in order to reduce the frequency of replacement.
  • the scanning finger is arranged to scan the impact body through an opening in its ring-shaped or cylindrical version of the impact body.
  • a finger which rests on the impact body under the action of a spring arm, is provided as the device and, when the impact body is worn through, enters the interior of its annular arrangement and configuration, a switching signal for a display device and / or can be derived for a shutdown device of the impact mill drive.
  • a switching signal for a display device and / or can be derived for a shutdown device of the impact mill drive is provided as the device and, when the impact body is worn through, enters the interior of its annular arrangement and configuration, a switching signal for a display device and / or can be derived for a shutdown device of the impact mill drive.
  • the opening in the socket for the impact body is designed as a slot opening, and that the finger is integrally connected to a spring arm which is supported on a stop surface of a finger carrier, preferably under the force of a leg spring .
  • This embodiment according to the invention advantageously represents a construction that can be used in the simplest way in all types of impact mills. It requires little space and only requires low manufacturing costs.
  • An impact mill has a housing 1 with a cover 2.
  • a centrifugal rotor 3 which can be driven to rotate by means of a motor 4.
  • a feed pipe 6 via which the nuts or grains can be fed to the center of the rotor 3. The grains are then thrown through the channels 5 due to the rotation about an axis of rotation 8 and the centrifugal force generated thereby against a baffle ring 7.
  • This impact ring 7 is therefore subject to increasing wear.
  • This wear can, as is preferred, be made uniform by an angle alpha of the axis 10 of this baffle ring 7 with respect to the axis 8 if the baffle ring 7 is driven to rotate by a motor 9.
  • the details of this construction which is preferably used in the context of the invention, can be found in the aforementioned DE-A-41 03 468.
  • the device according to the invention provided and mentioned above consists of a scanning finger 11, which can be seen in particular in FIG.
  • This loading device is the simplest Case formed by a spring arm 14 integrally connected to the finger 11, which is supported on a stop surface 15 of a finger carrier 16.
  • the arm 14 itself is designed as a loading device, its position when the impact ring 7 wears will be indefinite, if an additional loading device (magnet, spring, gas spring or the like) is provided, the arm 14 will turn counterclockwise by one turn the bolt 17 holding it.
  • an additional loading device magnet, spring, gas spring or the like
  • the mount 13 will advantageously prevent the ring from falling apart and this mount should probably cover at least part of the outer surface of the impact body 7
  • this can of course also be done with other sensors instead of the mechanical sensor 11 shown.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 111 preferably operates alternately in the transmit mode and in the receive mode, in order to be able to carry out a distance measurement. If the outer wall of the baffle ring 7 is intact - as shown in full lines - the device 111 will only cover a relatively short distance. However, if the ring 7 breaks through in its central area opposite the device 111 because it is already too worn, then the ultrasonic waves are only reflected from the opposite inner wall of the ring 7, ie the distance has increased accordingly.
  • a distance evaluation circuit 18 and a subsequent discrimination stage 19 in particular a simple threshold switch, to the device 111 in order to determine whether the received signals correspond to the short or long distance, which is indicated by a display device 20 (optically and / or acoustically) can be reported.
  • such a distance measuring system can be designed in any manner known per se, for example also as a basic distance measuring system. It would also be conceivable to provide a receiver on the inside of the impact ring 7 in order to operate the device 111 to a certain extent as a “barrier”, for example as a light barrier (if the device 111 is designed as a light transmitter). Of course, the arrangement of transmitter and receiver can then be reversed and the transmitter inside, the receiver outside. Last but not least, the advantages of such an arrangement are that a clear signal is obtained even if the impact ring 7 is rotatably arranged, as can be seen from FIG. 1. Intermittent signals then result when the slot or slot opening 12 that has been worn out passes. However, it is also understood that several sensors can be provided over the height of the impact ring, and that several such slot openings (and possibly sensors) can also be distributed.
  • an oscillation generator 111 ′ can be dispensed with if it is assumed that the grains bouncing against the inner wall of the baffle ring itself produce vibrations which - with a relatively constant supply of the grains - are also relatively regular becomes.
  • a light source 22 carried by a holder 23 protruding into the baffle ring 7 emits light against the inner surface of the baffle ring 7. As long as this inner surface is still intact, the light is reflected against a photoelectric converter 311 (dashed beam).
  • FIG. 6 A particularly simple variant can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • a cylinder sleeve 24 is fastened to the housing cover 2, in which an inner sleeve 25 is guided telescopically.
  • This inner sleeve 25 is attached to the end of a tension spring 26 which is connected to a force transducer 411. Therefore, the lighter the impact ring 7 becomes as a result of its wear, the lower the load on the force transducer 411, the weight signal of which can be fed directly to an evaluation circuit or, for example, via a threshold switch (see FIG. 19) to a display device.
  • FIG. 6 shows a rotor disk 103 without inner channels (possibly with radial centrifugal walls), in the middle of which the material to be impacted is fed in via a chute 106.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Impact mill having a housing (1) in which a centrifugal rotor (3) which can be rotated about an axis (8) of rotation and can be driven and an impact body (7) which surrounds this centrifugal rotor are arranged. The impact body (7) is assigned at least one sensor (11, 111, 211, 311, 411) which functions during the operation of the mill and is provided for the detection at least of the operativeness, preferably also to detect the degree of wear, of the impact body (7). The sensor (11) senses the impact body (7) through an opening (12) in its annular or cylindrical mount (13).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Prallmühle gemäss des Oberbegriffes von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an impact mill according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Prallmühlen sind in zahlreichen Ausführungsformen und für die verschiedensten Zwecke bekannt. Ein Beispiel mit einem geschlossenen, ringförmigen Prallkörper zeigt die US-A-2 352 327, einen aus mehreren Segmenten bestehenden Prallkörper veranschaulicht die DE-C-30 11 112. Während die erstgenannte Prallmühle zum Schälen von Schalenfrüchten, insbesondere Körnerfrüchten mit einer die Körner umgebenden Schale, dient, wird die letztere zum Zermahlen von Gestein eingesetzt.Impact mills of this type are known in numerous embodiments and for a wide variety of purposes. US-A-2 352 327 shows an example with a closed, ring-shaped impact body, DE-C-30 11 112 illustrates an impact body consisting of several segments. While the first-mentioned impact mill for peeling nuts, in particular cereals with one surrounding the grains Shell, the latter is used to grind stone.

In allen Fallen stellt aber die Abnützung der Prallkörper bzw. Prallringe ein Problem dar. Zwar zeigt die US-A-2 352 327 einen auf- und abbewegbaren Prallring, so dass die Abnützung über dessen Fläche vergleichmässigt wird. Damit verlängert sich zwar die Standzeit eines solchen Ringes, wann aber der endgültige Zeitpunkt für eine Auswechselung gekommen ist, kann nur während des Stillstandes der Mühle festgestellt werden.In all cases, however, the wear of the impact bodies or impact rings presents a problem. US-A-2 352 327 shows an impact ring that can be moved up and down, so that the wear is evened out over its area. Although this extends the service life of such a ring, it is only possible to determine when the final time for a replacement has come when the mill is at a standstill.

Auch die DE-A-41 03 468 befasst sich mit dem Problem der gleichmässigen Abnützung, wobei sie einen anderen Weg als die genannte US-A- beschreitet. Aber auch hier bleibt das Problem ungelöst, den rechten Zeitpunkt zur Auswechselung des Prallringes zu erkennen.DE-A-41 03 468 also deals with the problem of uniform wear and tear, taking a different path than the aforementioned US-A-. But even here the problem remains unsolved to recognize the right time to replace the impact ring.

Die DD 301 241 A7 beschreibt eine Einrichtung zur Grenzwertanzeige des Schlagplattenverschleisses an Schlagrädern. Es werden in die Verschleisszonen Sacklöcher gebohrt und anschliessend gasdicht verstopft. Der so gebildete Hohlraum wird mit fortschreitendem Verschleiss der Schlagplatte geöffnet. Durch die vorbeiströmenden Gase bei laufender Mühle entsteht ein akustisches, wahrnehmbares Signal.The DD 301 241 A7 describes a device for displaying the limit value of the impact plate wear on impact wheels. Blind holes are drilled in the wear zones and then plugged gas-tight. The cavity formed in this way is opened with increasing wear of the striking plate. The gases flowing past while the mill is running an acoustic, perceptible signal.

Aus der DD 301 325 ist eine weitere Vorrichtung zur Anzeige der Grenznutzdauer von Schlagrädern zu entnehmen. In bestimmten Abständen sind Formstände in der Nähe der Verschleisszone angebracht. Nach längerem Betrieb der Mühle tritt aufgrund des Verschleisses eine nachweisbare Unwucht auf.Another device for displaying the limit useful life of impact wheels can be found in DD 301 325. At certain intervals, mold stands are placed near the wear zone. After the mill has been in operation for a long time, there is a demonstrable imbalance due to wear.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Prallmühle der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, dass ein Abschalten der Mühle zum Zwecke der Überprüfung des Prallringes überflüssig wird und dabei dennoch der Prallring solange als möglich seine Funktion beibehalten kann, um die Auswechselungshäufigkeit zu vermindern.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing an impact mill of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it is unnecessary to switch off the mill for the purpose of checking the impact ring and the impact ring can nevertheless continue to function for as long as possible in order to reduce the frequency of replacement.

Die Lösung dieses Problemes erfolgt erfindungsgemäss durch das Kennzeichen von Anspruch 1. Hierdurch kann jederzeit festgestellt werden, ob die Mühle ordnungsgemäss ausgerüstet ist. Unerwartete Unterbrechungen des Mahlbetriebes können vorteilhaft vermieden werden.This problem is solved according to the invention by the characterizing part of claim 1. This makes it possible to determine at any time whether the mill is properly equipped. Unexpected interruptions in the grinding operation can advantageously be avoided.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Abtastfinger den Prallkörper durch eine Öffnung in seiner ringförmigen bzw. zylinderförmigen Fassung des Prallkörpers abtastend angeordnet ist. Diese Anordnung gestattet eine besonders einfache Konstruktion der Einrichtung und ermöglicht darüber hinaus auch eine nachträgliche Ausrüstung von bereits in Verwendung befindlichen Prallmühlen mit einem oder - falls zweckdienlich - mit mehreren Einrichtungen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the scanning finger is arranged to scan the impact body through an opening in its ring-shaped or cylindrical version of the impact body. This arrangement allows a particularly simple construction of the device and also enables retrofitting of impact mills that are already in use to be equipped with one or, if appropriate, with several devices.

Ferner wird erfindungsgemäss vorgeschlagen, dass als Einrichtung ein am Prallkörper unter der Wirkung eines Federarmes anliegender Finger vorgesehen ist, der beim Durchschleissen des Prallkörpers in das Innere von dessen ringförmiger Anordnung und Ausbildung eintritt, wobei aus dieser Position des Fingers ein Schaltsignal für eine Anzeigeeinrichtung und/oder für eine Abschalteinrichtung des Prallmühlenantriebes ableitbar ist. Eine derartige Ausführung der Einrichtung gestattet einen stets störungslosen Betrieb der Einrichtung auch bei starker Verschmutzung, beispielsweise bei starker Staubentwicklung durch das Mahlgut.Furthermore, it is proposed according to the invention that a finger, which rests on the impact body under the action of a spring arm, is provided as the device and, when the impact body is worn through, enters the interior of its annular arrangement and configuration, a switching signal for a display device and / or can be derived for a shutdown device of the impact mill drive. Such a design of the device always allows one Trouble-free operation of the device even in the event of heavy soiling, for example in the case of heavy dust development from the regrind.

Hierzu wird in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, dass die Öffnung in der Fassung für den Prallkörper als Schlitzöffnung ausgebildet ist, und dass der Finger einstückig mit einem Federarm verbunden ist, der sich an einer Anschlagfläche eines Fingerträgers, vorzugsweise unter der Kraftwirkung einer Schenkelfeder, abstützt. Diese erfindungsgemässe Ausgestaltung stellt vorteilhaft eine Konstruktion dar, die bei allen Arten von Prallmühlen in einfachster Weise Verwendung finden kann. Sie weist geringen Raumbedarf auf und bedarf nur geringer Herstellkosten.For this purpose, it is proposed in a further embodiment of the invention that the opening in the socket for the impact body is designed as a slot opening, and that the finger is integrally connected to a spring arm which is supported on a stop surface of a finger carrier, preferably under the force of a leg spring . This embodiment according to the invention advantageously represents a construction that can be used in the simplest way in all types of impact mills. It requires little space and only requires low manufacturing costs.

Sieht man weiterhin erfindungsgemäss vor, dass zur Feststellung der Position des Fingers ein optischer oder induktiver, oder kapazitiver, oder ein, einen mechanischen elektrischen Kontakt aktivierender Fühler eingesetzt wird, erhält man eine äusserst robuste und betriebssichere Prallmühle.If one further provides according to the invention that an optical or inductive, or capacitive, or a sensor which activates a mechanical electrical contact is used to determine the position of the finger, an extremely robust and reliable impact mill is obtained.

Die verschiedenen genannten erfindungsgemässen Ausbildungsvarianten erbringen vorteilhafte Massnahmen, die die Zuverlässigkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Prallmühlen enorm steigern.The various training variants mentioned according to the invention provide advantageous measures which enormously increase the reliability and economy of impact mills.

Es sind jedoch auch zahlreiche andere Lösungen denkbar, die nachstehend bei der Beschreibung von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erkennbar werden. Im wesentlichen betreffen diese Ausführungsbeispiele unterschiedliche Ausbildungen der Einrichtung als elektronische Einrichtung, die elektrooptisch, induktiv oder kapazitiv in Wirkverbindung mit dem Prallkörper der Mühle steht.However, numerous other solutions are also conceivable, which can be seen below in the description of exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing. Essentially, these exemplary embodiments relate to different designs of the device as an electronic device which is in electro-optical, inductive or capacitive operative connection with the impact body of the mill.

Durch die Ausbildung der Einrichtung als elektronische Einrichtung kann, falls erforderlich, eine günstigere Anpassung an die Konstruktion der Mühle erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus kann je nach Ausbildung des elektronischen Einrichtung auch die Form und Gestalt des Prallkörpers bei seiner Überwachung berücksichtigt werden.

Fig. 1
zeigt den Oberteil einer erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeten Prallmühle der in der DE-A-41 03 468 beschriebenen und für die Erfindung bevorzugt zur Anwendung kommenden Prallmühle in einem Axialschnitt, zu dem die
Fig. 2
eine vergrösserte Ansicht in einem Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1 veranschaulicht; und die
Fig. 3 bis 6
weitere Möglichkeiten der Ausbildung eines erfindungsgemäss vorgesehenen Sensors.
By designing the device as an electronic device, if necessary, a more favorable adaptation to the construction of the mill can be achieved. In addition, depending on the design of the electronic device, the shape and shape of the impact body can also be taken into account when monitoring it will.
Fig. 1
shows the upper part of an impact mill designed according to the invention of the impact mill described in DE-A-41 03 468 and preferably used for the invention in an axial section to which the
Fig. 2
an enlarged view in a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1 illustrates; and the
3 to 6
further possibilities of forming a sensor provided according to the invention.

Eine Prallmühle gemäss Fig. 1 weist ein Gehäuse 1 mit einem Deckel 2 auf. In dem Gehäuse befindet sich ein Schleuderrotor 3, der mit Hilfe eines Motors 4 zu einer Rotation antreibbar ist. Oberhalb des Schleuderrotors 3, der als Scheibe ausgebildet sein kann oder, wie ersichtlich, mit geschlossenen, mindestens annähernd radial verlaufenden Kanälen 5, befindet sich ein Zufuhrrohr 6, über welches die Schalenfrüchte bzw. Körner der Mitte des Rotors 3 zuführbar sind. Die Körner werden dann durch die Kanäle 5 infolge der Rotation um eine Drehachse 8 und der dadurch erzeugten Fliehkraft gegen einen Prallring 7 geschleudert. Daher ist dieser Prallring 7 einer zunehmenden Abnützung unterworfen. Diese Abnützung kann, wie es bevorzugt ist, durch Schräglage der Achse 10 dieses Prallringes 7 gegenüber der Achse 8 um einen Winkel Alpha vergleichmässigt werden, wenn der Prallring 7 über einen Motor 9 zu einer Drehung angetrieben ist. Die Einzelheiten dieser Konstruktion, die bevorzugt im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzt wird, können der bereits erwähnten DE-A-41 03 468 entnommen werden.An impact mill according to FIG. 1 has a housing 1 with a cover 2. In the housing there is a centrifugal rotor 3 which can be driven to rotate by means of a motor 4. Above the centrifugal rotor 3, which can be designed as a disk or, as can be seen, with closed, at least approximately radially running channels 5, there is a feed pipe 6 via which the nuts or grains can be fed to the center of the rotor 3. The grains are then thrown through the channels 5 due to the rotation about an axis of rotation 8 and the centrifugal force generated thereby against a baffle ring 7. This impact ring 7 is therefore subject to increasing wear. This wear can, as is preferred, be made uniform by an angle alpha of the axis 10 of this baffle ring 7 with respect to the axis 8 if the baffle ring 7 is driven to rotate by a motor 9. The details of this construction, which is preferably used in the context of the invention, can be found in the aforementioned DE-A-41 03 468.

Die erfindungsgemäss vorgesehene, oben erwähnte Einrichtung besteht im einfachsten Fall aus einem, besonders aus Fig. 2 ersichtlichen Abtastfinger 11, der durch eine Schlitzöffnung 12 einer den Prallring 7 aufnehmenden Fassung 13 an der Aussenseite des Prallringes 7 unter der Wirkung einer Belastungseinrichtung anliegt. Diese Belastungseinrichtung ist im einfachsten Falle von einem mit dem Finger 11 einstückig verbundenen Federarm 14 gebildet, der sich an einer Anschlagfläche 15 eines Fingerträgers 16 abstützt.In the simplest case, the device according to the invention provided and mentioned above consists of a scanning finger 11, which can be seen in particular in FIG. This loading device is the simplest Case formed by a spring arm 14 integrally connected to the finger 11, which is supported on a stop surface 15 of a finger carrier 16.

Falls daher der Prallring 7 völlig abgenützt ist, so dass im Bereiche des Fingers 11 von dem Prallring 7 keine Materialstärke mehr übrigbleibt, so wird der Finger 11 unter der Wirkung des Federarmes 14 oder einer mit den Armen 11 und 14 verbundenen, nicht dargestellten Schenkelfeder in das Innere des Schlitzes 12 und durch diesen hindurch gedrückt. Man wird dann an der Position des Armes 14 diesen Zustand des Prallringes 7 erkennen bzw. mit Hilfe eines die Position des Armes 14 abfühlenden Fühlers (optisch, mit Kontaktzungen elektrisch, induktiv oder kapazitiv) abfühlen können. Ist der Arm 14 selbst als Belastungseinrichtung ausgebildet, so wird seine Position bei Abnützung des Prallringes 7 unbestimmt sein, ist eine zusätzliche Belastungseinrichtung (Magnet, Feder, Gasfeder od.dgl.) vorgesehen, so wird sich der Arm 14 im Gegensinne des Uhrzeigers um einen ihn haltenden Bolzen 17 drehen.Therefore, if the impact ring 7 is completely worn out, so that there is no material thickness left of the impact ring 7 in the region of the finger 11, then the finger 11 becomes under the action of the spring arm 14 or a leg spring, not shown, connected to the arms 11 and 14 in FIG the inside of the slot 12 and pushed through it. One will then recognize this state of the baffle ring 7 at the position of the arm 14 or can sense it with the aid of a sensor that senses the position of the arm 14 (optical, with contact tongues electrically, inductively or capacitively). If the arm 14 itself is designed as a loading device, its position when the impact ring 7 wears will be indefinite, if an additional loading device (magnet, spring, gas spring or the like) is provided, the arm 14 will turn counterclockwise by one turn the bolt 17 holding it.

Wenn man es, wie im oben geschilderten Falle, darauf ankommen lassen will, dass der Prallring 7 völlig abgenützt wird (wobei die Fassung 13 vorteilhaft ein Auseinanderfallen des Ringes verhindern wird und diese Fassung wohl wenigstens einen Teil der Aussenfläche des Prallkörpers 7 überdecken soll), so kann dies selbstverständlich auch mit anderen Sensoren anstelle des gezeigten mechanischen Sensors 11 unternommen werden.If, as in the case described above, it is important that the impact ring 7 be completely worn out (the mount 13 will advantageously prevent the ring from falling apart and this mount should probably cover at least part of the outer surface of the impact body 7), this can of course also be done with other sensors instead of the mechanical sensor 11 shown.

Fig. 3 zeigt beispielsweise einen Ultraschallsensor 111, der der Aussenwand des Prallringes 7 gegenüberliegend angeordnet ist. Der Ultraschallsensor 111 arbeitet vorzugsweise abwechselnd im Sendebetrieb und im Empfangsbetrieb, um so eine Entfernungsmessung durchführen zu können. Ist die Aussenwand des Prallringes 7 unversehrt - wie dies mit vollen Linien dargestellt ist - so wird die Einrichtung 111 nur eine relativ kurze Entfernung erfassen. Sollte jedoch der Ring 7 in seinem mittleren, der Einrichtung 111 gegenüberliegenden Bereich durchbrechen, weil er bereits zu stark abgenützt ist, so werden die Ultraschallwellen erst von der gegenüberliegenden Innenwand des Ringes 7 reflektiert werden, d.h. die Entfernung hat sich entsprechend vergrössert. Es braucht dann an der Einrichtung 111 lediglich eine Entfernungs-Auswerteschaltung 18 und eine daran anschliessende Diskriminierstufe 19, insbesondere ein einfacher Schwellwertschalter, angeschlossen zu sein, um festzustellen, ob die empfangenen Signale der kurzen oder langen Entfernung entsprechen, was durch eine Anzeigeeinrichtung 20 (optisch und/oder akustisch) gemeldet werden kann.3 shows, for example, an ultrasonic sensor 111, which is arranged opposite the outer wall of the impact ring 7. The ultrasonic sensor 111 preferably operates alternately in the transmit mode and in the receive mode, in order to be able to carry out a distance measurement. If the outer wall of the baffle ring 7 is intact - as shown in full lines - the device 111 will only cover a relatively short distance. However, if the ring 7 breaks through in its central area opposite the device 111 because it is already too worn, then the ultrasonic waves are only reflected from the opposite inner wall of the ring 7, ie the distance has increased accordingly. It is then only necessary to connect a distance evaluation circuit 18 and a subsequent discrimination stage 19, in particular a simple threshold switch, to the device 111 in order to determine whether the received signals correspond to the short or long distance, which is indicated by a display device 20 (optically and / or acoustically) can be reported.

Es versteht sich, dass ein solches Entfernungsmessystem in beliebiger, an sich bekannter Weise ausgebildet sein kann, beispielsweise auch als Basisentfernungsmessystem. Ebenso wäre es denkbar, an der Innenseite des Prallringes 7 einen Empfänger vorzusehen, um der Einrichtung 111 gewissermassen als "Schranke", beispielsweise als Lichtschranke (wenn die Einrichtung 111 als Lichtsender ausgebildet ist) zu betreiben. Natürlich kann auch die Anordnung von Sender und Empfänger dann umgekehrt und der Sender innen, der Empfänger aussen, angeordnet werden. Die Vorteile einer solchen Anordnung bestehen nicht zuletzt darin, dass sich ein deutliches Signal auch dann ergibt, wenn der Prallring 7 drehbar angeordnet ist, wie dies aus Fig. 1 ersehen werden kann. Es ergeben sich dann beim Vorüberlaufen des durch Abnützung entstandenen Schlitzes bzw. der Schlitzöffnung 12 intermittierende Signale. Es versteht sich aber auch, dass über die Höhe des Prallringes mehrere Sensoren vorgesehen sein können, und dass auch mehrere solcher Schlitzöffnungen (und gegebenenfalls Sensoren) verteilt sein können.It goes without saying that such a distance measuring system can be designed in any manner known per se, for example also as a basic distance measuring system. It would also be conceivable to provide a receiver on the inside of the impact ring 7 in order to operate the device 111 to a certain extent as a “barrier”, for example as a light barrier (if the device 111 is designed as a light transmitter). Of course, the arrangement of transmitter and receiver can then be reversed and the transmitter inside, the receiver outside. Last but not least, the advantages of such an arrangement are that a clear signal is obtained even if the impact ring 7 is rotatably arranged, as can be seen from FIG. 1. Intermittent signals then result when the slot or slot opening 12 that has been worn out passes. However, it is also understood that several sensors can be provided over the height of the impact ring, and that several such slot openings (and possibly sensors) can also be distributed.

Es mag nun erwünscht sein, eine starke Abnützung eines Prallringes 7 früher feststellen zu können, noch bevor der gesamte Prallring an einer Stelle unter Bildung einer Öffnung völlig abgenützt ist. Eine derartige Kontrolle kann beispielsweise in der Art der Fig. 4 durchgeführt werden. Wenn nämlich der Ultraschallgeber 111' unmittelbar an die Aussenseite des Prallringes 7 angelegt wird, so dass er den letzteren zu Schwingungen anregt (die auch geringere Frequenz als Ultraschallfrequenz haben können), so ergibt sich ein schwingendes Massesystem, dessen Resonanzfrequenz von der Grösse der Masse abhängig ist. Mit zunehmender Abnützung des Prallringes 7 wird sich aber dessen Masse verringern, was auf die Resonanzfrequenz einen entsprechenden Einfluss hat und mit Hilfe eines Sensors 211 abgefühlt werden kann, der an eine Frequenzanalyseschaltung 21 (z.B. zur Durchführung einer Fourrier-Analyse ausgebildet sein kann) angeschlossen ist. Am Ausgange dieser Frequenzanalyseschaltung 21 findet sich dann wieder eine Alarm-Anzeigeeinrichtung 20.It may now be desirable to be able to determine a strong wear of an impact ring 7 earlier, even before the entire impact ring is completely worn out at one point, forming an opening. Such a check can be carried out, for example, in the manner of FIG. 4. If the ultrasound transmitter 111 'is placed directly on the outside of the impact ring 7 so that it excites the latter to vibrate (which can also have a lower frequency than the ultrasound frequency), then an oscillating mass system results Resonance frequency depends on the size of the mass. With increasing wear of the impact ring 7, however, its mass will decrease, which has a corresponding influence on the resonance frequency and can be sensed with the aid of a sensor 211, which is connected to a frequency analysis circuit 21 (for example, can be designed to carry out a Fourrier analysis) . An alarm display device 20 is then again located at the output of this frequency analysis circuit 21.

Es sei erwähnt, dass bei einer solchen Anordnung gegebenenfalls auf einen Schwingungserzeuger 111' verzichtet werden kann, wenn man davon ausgeht, dass die gegen die Innenwand des Prallringes prallenden Körner selbst Schwingungen erzeugen, die - bei relativ konstanter Zufuhr der Körner - auch verhältnismässig regelmässig sein wird. Es ist aber ebenso möglich, innerhalb des Schallspektrums zu arbeiten, wobei sich je nach dem Abnützungsgrad des Prallringes 7 der Schallpegel und die Schallfrequenz verändern wird, so dass wenigstens eine dieser beiden Grössen zur Analyse herangezogen werden kann. Hierzu ist es dann nicht unbedingt erforderlich, den Empfänger 211 unmittelbar an die Aussenwand des Prallringes 7 zu legen, wenn dies auch in den meisten Fällen bevorzugt sein wird, da sich so Störfrequenzen am besten eliminieren lassen.It should be mentioned that with such an arrangement, an oscillation generator 111 ′ can be dispensed with if it is assumed that the grains bouncing against the inner wall of the baffle ring itself produce vibrations which - with a relatively constant supply of the grains - are also relatively regular becomes. However, it is also possible to work within the sound spectrum, the sound level and the sound frequency changing depending on the degree of wear of the impact ring 7, so that at least one of these two variables can be used for the analysis. For this purpose, it is not absolutely necessary to place the receiver 211 directly on the outer wall of the impact ring 7, although this will also be preferred in most cases, since this is the best way to eliminate interference frequencies.

Gerade wenn das in Fig. 1 gezeigte Vergleichmässigungssystem mit dem durch den Motor 9 antreibbaren Prallring 7 nicht verwendet wird, so dass sich an einem "Aufpralläquator" des Prallringes 7 die aus Fig. 5 ersichtliche Vertiefung infolge Abnützung bilden wird, lässt sich das mit Reflektion arbeitende System gemäss Fig. 5 besonders gut einsetzen. Eine von einem in den Prallring 7 hineinragenden Halter 23 getragene Lichtquelle 22 sendet Licht gegen die Innenfläche des Prallringes 7 aus. Solange diese Innenfläche noch unversehrt ist, wird das Licht gegen einen lichtelektrischen Wandler 311 reflektiert (strichlierter Strahl). Je tiefer aber die Materialstärke des Prallringes 7 in der Mitte einsinkt, desto mehr wandert der reflektierte Lichtstrahl abwärts, bis der lichtelektrische Wandler 311 überhaupt kein Licht mehr erhält, was das Zeichen dafür ist, dass der Prallring 7 ausgewechselt werden sollte. Es wird daher zweckmässig sein, den Wandler 311 der Höhe nach justierbar am Halter 23 anzuordnen.If the equalization system shown in FIG. 1 with the impact ring 7 which can be driven by the motor 9 is not used, so that the depression shown in FIG. 5 due to wear will form on an "impact equator" of the impact ring 7, this can be done with reflection Use the working system according to FIG. 5 particularly well. A light source 22 carried by a holder 23 protruding into the baffle ring 7 emits light against the inner surface of the baffle ring 7. As long as this inner surface is still intact, the light is reflected against a photoelectric converter 311 (dashed beam). However, the deeper the material thickness of the impact ring 7 sinks in the middle, the more the reflected light beam travels downwards until the photoelectric converter 311 no longer receives any light, which is the sign of this is that the baffle ring 7 should be replaced. It will therefore be expedient to arrange the transducer 311 in an adjustable manner on the holder 23.

Eine besonders einfache Variante ist aus Fig. 6 ersichtlich. Dabei ist am Gehäusedeckel 2 eine Zylinderhülse 24 befestigt, in der eine Innenhülse 25 teleskopisch geführt ist. Diese Innenhülse 25 ist am Ende einer Zugfeder 26 befestigt, die mit einem Kraftaufnehmer 411 verbunden ist. Je leichter daher der Prallring 7 infolge seiner Abnützung wird, umso geringer wird auch die Belastung des Kraftaufnehmers 411, dessen Gewichtssignal unmittelbar einer Auswerteschaltung bzw., beispielsweise über einen Schwellwertschalter (vgl. 19) einer Anzeigeeinrichtung zuführbar ist.A particularly simple variant can be seen in FIG. 6. A cylinder sleeve 24 is fastened to the housing cover 2, in which an inner sleeve 25 is guided telescopically. This inner sleeve 25 is attached to the end of a tension spring 26 which is connected to a force transducer 411. Therefore, the lighter the impact ring 7 becomes as a result of its wear, the lower the load on the force transducer 411, the weight signal of which can be fed directly to an evaluation circuit or, for example, via a threshold switch (see FIG. 19) to a display device.

Die Fig. 6 zeigt übrigens eine Rotorscheibe 103 ohne innere Kanäle (gegebenenfalls mit radialen Schleuderwänden), in deren Mitte das zu prallende Gut über eine Schüttrinne 106 aufgegeben wird.6 shows a rotor disk 103 without inner channels (possibly with radial centrifugal walls), in the middle of which the material to be impacted is fed in via a chute 106.

Claims (8)

  1. Impact mill, comprising a housing (1), with a centrifugal rotor (3) which is rotatingly driven around a rotary axis (8), and with an impact element (7) which surrounds said centrifugal rotor (3), characterized in that at least one device is associated with the impact mill for determining the wear of the impact element during operation, and the device comprises
    either   a caliper finger (11) with a resilient arm (14)
    or   an ultrasound emitter (111, 111') and
    an ultrasound receiver (111, 211)
    or   a light source (22) and a light-sensitive receiver (311)
    or   a power pickup (411)
    and the device comprises an indicating device (20) with a switch-off mechanism for the impact-mill drive (4).
  2. Impact mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the caliper finger (11) is arranged so as to caliper the impact element (7) through an opening (12) in an annular or cylindrical socket (13) of the impact body (7), that a caliper finger (11) is provided, which abuts the impact element under the effect of a resilient arm (14) and which on slicing through of the impact element (7) enters into the interior of its annular arrangement and structure, and that from this position of the caliper finger (11) is derived a switching signal for an indicating device and/or for a switch-off mechanism of the impact mill drive (4), and that in particular the opening (12) in the socket (13) for the impact element (7) is arranged as a slot opening, and that the caliper finger (11) is integrated with a resilient arm (14) which supports itself under the force of a shank spring against the stop surface (15) of a finger carrier (16, 17).
  3. Impact mill according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an optical or inductive or capacitive probe which activates a mechanical electrical contact is provided for determining the position of the finger (11).
  4. Impact mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that a device in the form of a rangefinder (111) is provided which detects the presence of an impact surface of the impact element (7) by means of operating-time measuring of ultrasound signals, preferably of ultrasound pulses, and that the signal derived from the operating time of the ultrasound signals is evaluated in a discriminator stage (19) and, if appropriate, delivered as a switching signal for an indicating device (20) and/or a switch-off mechanism of the impact-mill drive.
  5. Impact mill according to the above Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device is designed as an acoustic or electro-optical barrier, and the impact element (7) is arranged to break with its impact surface through the radiation path of the barrier, and slices through the impact element (7) allow the radiation to pass unhindered, and the output signal of the barrier is intended as a switching signal, and a plurality of acoustic or electro-optical barriers which are offset in their height relative to the base of the impact element (7) are associated with the impact element (7).
  6. Impact mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that an oscillation generator (111') and an oscillation receiver (211) are arranged on the impact element (7), and a reduction in material caused by a grinding process significantly changes the resonance frequency of an active oscillatory circuit, its one frequency determining mechanical or inductive component being the impact element, and the output signal of the device is intended to control the grinding operation of the impact mill via a frequency analysis circuit (21).
  7. Impact mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the impact mill (7) oriented toward the grinding material is arranged in the radiation path of an electro-optical reflex barrier (22, 311), and a geometrical change of the impact element (7) due to wear deflects the radiation of the electro-optical transmitter (22) from the electro-optical receiver (311) of the reflex barrier and offers the barrier a significant output signal.
  8. Impact mill according to Claim 1, characterized in that the impact element (7) is at least indirectly operationally connected to a load pickup (411), and the degree of wear of the impact element (7) can be derived at by way of the weight loss due to wear, and the impact element (7) is preferably held as a device at its socket (13) by a spring balance (24, 25, 26).
EP92117691A 1991-11-07 1992-10-16 Impact mill Expired - Lifetime EP0540920B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4136575A DE4136575A1 (en) 1991-11-07 1991-11-07 IMPACT MILL
DE4136575 1991-11-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0540920A2 EP0540920A2 (en) 1993-05-12
EP0540920A3 EP0540920A3 (en) 1993-12-29
EP0540920B1 true EP0540920B1 (en) 1997-03-26

Family

ID=6444226

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EP92117691A Expired - Lifetime EP0540920B1 (en) 1991-11-07 1992-10-16 Impact mill

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US (1) US5407141A (en)
EP (1) EP0540920B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE150669T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4136575A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE532108C2 (en) * 2004-12-08 2009-10-27 Aake Faektenmark Training device
US7172144B1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-02-06 Dennis Slater System for measuring wear in a grinding mill
EP4163012A1 (en) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-12 Bühler AG Impact ring and improved dehulling device

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2352327A (en) * 1942-03-07 1944-06-27 Quaker Oats Co Grain huller
US2941732A (en) * 1958-02-12 1960-06-21 Reserve Mining Co Dimensional indicator for inaccessible location
ZA747312B (en) * 1973-11-17 1975-12-31 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Method of determining and setting the width of the crushing gap and of measuring crushing tool wear in a a rotary crushing by aultrsonicmeans, and torary crusher for carrying out the method
DE2434837C2 (en) * 1974-07-19 1976-08-19 Hazemag Andreas Kg IMPACT MILL WITH A GRINDING TRACK THAT CONSISTS OF LAYERED IMPACT OR IMPACT BARS
SU580900A1 (en) * 1976-05-18 1977-11-25 Северо-Кавказский горно-металлургический институт Sonic method of assessing ball mill condition
SU1146084A1 (en) * 1983-10-25 1985-03-23 Криворожский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Горно-Рудный Институт System for automatic controlling of grinding complex
AT389653B (en) * 1985-09-10 1990-01-10 Schroedl Hermann METHOD FOR ADJUSTING THE SPLIT WIDTH OF A CONE BREAKER OR THE LIKE.
US4820980A (en) * 1987-05-04 1989-04-11 Dodson Edgars Darryl Gap, wear and tram measurement system and method for grinding machines
SE456138B (en) * 1987-09-10 1988-09-12 Boliden Ab PROCEDURE FOR REGULATING THE CROSS CROSS WIDTH IN A GYRATORIC CROSS
DD301325A7 (en) * 1990-01-02 1992-12-03 Energiewerke Schwarze Pumpe Ag,De DEVICE FOR DISPLAYING THE LIMITING DURATION OF PUSH BUTTONS
DD301241A7 (en) * 1990-01-02 1992-11-05 Energiewerke Schwarze Pumpe Ag,De DEVICE FOR LIMITING DISPLAY OF THE IMPACT SHEATHING TO BEADS
DE4029202A1 (en) * 1990-09-14 1992-03-19 Buehler Ag METHOD FOR SORTING PARTICLES OF A BULK GOOD AND DEVICES THEREFOR
DE4103468C2 (en) * 1991-02-06 2001-07-12 Buehler Gmbh Impact mill

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE150669T1 (en) 1997-04-15
EP0540920A3 (en) 1993-12-29
DE4136575A1 (en) 1993-05-13
DE59208266D1 (en) 1997-04-30
EP0540920A2 (en) 1993-05-12
US5407141A (en) 1995-04-18

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