EP0540418A1 - Safety device for the operation of explosive or propulsive charges which are subjected to a temperature variation - Google Patents

Safety device for the operation of explosive or propulsive charges which are subjected to a temperature variation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0540418A1
EP0540418A1 EP92402933A EP92402933A EP0540418A1 EP 0540418 A1 EP0540418 A1 EP 0540418A1 EP 92402933 A EP92402933 A EP 92402933A EP 92402933 A EP92402933 A EP 92402933A EP 0540418 A1 EP0540418 A1 EP 0540418A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
safety device
sensor
display element
operating safety
explosive
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EP92402933A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0540418B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Beglarian
Jean-Claude Depeigne
Laurent Durocher
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
Etat Francais
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/14—Explosion or fire protection arrangements on packages or ammunition

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of devices intended to improve the safety and reliability of operation of explosive and / or propellant devices, more particularly applicable to those subjected to a temperature variation.
  • the various weapons systems, ammunition, projectiles and pyrotechnic devices can undergo significant variations of positive or negative type during storage, transport or operational employment on the battlefield for example.
  • patent FR 2563001 is known, which describes a device for neutralizing and displaying neutralization for the initiation system of an explosive device such as a mine.
  • This device comprises a single control means constituted by a gas generator acting simultaneously on a neutralization element of the priming system and on a visualization element of the operation of the neutralization.
  • the device described here allows the final neutralization of its priming system and the unmistakable visualization of the sterilization of the machine in order to be able to raise it safely.
  • This patent does not allow detection and visualization temperature variations which can lead to a change in the state of explosive and / or propellant charges of pyrotechnic devices.
  • the closure member of the body of the load consists of two parts connected by a eutectic alloy allowing the separation of these two parts, as soon as the temperature of change of state of the eutectic is reached.
  • a ring is brought into rotation to a holding position by the action of an indexing member.
  • Such a device used during the storage phase has the disadvantage of necessarily involving the separation of the two parts and the deconfinement of the load, while on the battlefield for example such an operation is not necessarily desirable.
  • the patent FR 2650670 is known, showing a device for detecting fire or any other phenomenon generating an abnormal rise or fall in temperature compared to a fixed reference.
  • This device comprises a heat-sensitive element made of a shape memory alloy, the deformation of which, as a function of the temperature, causes, by means of a mechanical connection, a bending of an optical fiber transporting a light wave and producing a attenuation of the light beam which is captured by a photo-detector placed at the end of the optical fiber.
  • the heat-sensitive element not causing physical movement of the active display element, the latter could not mechanically prohibit the use of the machine.
  • Another disadvantage would consist in the production of the luminous flux transported by the optical fiber.
  • the shape memory effect consists of the ability of certain materials to have two different shapes, one at a lower temperature, another at a higher temperature and to switch from one shape to the other in a discrete and continuous manner. for a predefined temperature threshold.
  • a sample of such an alloy can undergo a deformation of a few percent (about 5%) and recover its initial shape entirely by simple heating. This behavior, totally different from thermal expansion, depends on a change in crystalline phase which may or may not be reversible.
  • shape memory alloys lie in the fact that two stable shapes can be kept in memory. They pass from one to the other of these forms, defined by construction by the user, by simple change of temperature beyond and below a certain critical value defined by the physico-chemical characteristics of the alloy .
  • shape memory comes in two different aspects: the simple memory effect and the two-way or reversible memory effect.
  • a simple memory effect alloy regains its initial shape by reheating above the predefined temperature threshold.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing an operating safety device for an explosive and / or propellant device which, subject to a temperature variation, is capable of detecting and visualizing at the level of the external surface. of the body of the device, the crossing of critical temperature thresholds above or below which a change of state of the explosive and / or propellant charges can occur, leading to an alteration or degradation of the safety and proper functioning of the 'contraption.
  • the object of the invention is also to prohibit the subsequent use of an explosive and / or propellant device having undergone such a temperature variation, by making the display element play an active role, without thereby deconfining the charge. of the machine or even separate the constituent parts of it.
  • Another object of the present invention is to allow periodic or circumstantial visual control of the state of the machine, directly at the external surface of the body of the latter.
  • the subject of the invention is an operating safety device for an explosive and / or propellant device subjected to a temperature variation, of the type comprising pyrotechnic materials and at least one means for driving the displacement of an element. for displaying the state of the machine, characterized in that the drive means comprises a thermal memory alloy made of shape memory alloy placed in contact with or in the vicinity of pyrotechnic materials, and cooperating with the display element when a predetermined temperature threshold is crossed.
  • the shape memory alloy used for producing the thermal sensor has a simple memory effect causing negative or positive deformation of the sensor, after crossing a critical temperature threshold for which the safety or reliability of the The explosive and / or propellant device is degraded or no longer insured.
  • the thermal sensor can consist of a bar, one of its ends of which is secured to the body of the vehicle, the negative or positive deformation of the sensor resulting in a displacement of the display element and the projecting positioning of the end of this element on the external surface of the body of the vehicle.
  • the thermal sensor is placed in contact with or in the vicinity of the pyrotechnic materials in a radial position, the display element being driven in a radial displacement by the negative or positive deformation of the sensor.
  • the display element consists of a movable rod guided in translation by a sheath in an open housing parallel to the thermal sensor of the type retracting for a predetermined temperature threshold by simultaneously causing the displacement of the rod one of its ends is fixed to the mobile end of the sensor.
  • the display element consists of a thermal sensor placed in an open housing made in pyrotechnic materials, the crossing of a predetermined temperature threshold causing the elongation of the sensor.
  • the display element is held in its housing and guided in its movement by a sealing ring made of elastomer.
  • the temperature thresholds are around + 70 ° C or -40 ° C.
  • the operating safety device comprises two thermal sensors, the first driving the display element in displacement for temperatures above + 70 ° C and the second for temperatures below -40 ° C.
  • This device has the advantage of comprising a very precise thermal sensor having two simultaneous functions, one detecting the critical temperature thresholds and the other causing the display element to move.
  • Another advantage is that this autonomous device does not require for its operation the presence of any source of energy internal or external to the explosive device.
  • an explosive device 1 consisting of a projectile such as a missile for example, of cylindrical shape comprising pyrotechnic materials 2 in contact or in the vicinity of which is placed in a radial position, a thermal sensor 4 produced an educated shape memory alloy to change shape by shrinking when a predetermined temperature threshold is crossed.
  • the thermal sensor 4 consists of a bar, one of its ends 5 of which is secured to the body of the missile by any known means, for example a rivet, the other end 10 also being fixed in a known manner with one of the ends 9 of the rod 3 which constitutes the display element.
  • the bar used is a parallelepiped having approximately the following dimensions expressed in millimeters: 150 x 8 x 1.
  • the rod 3 movable in translation along its longitudinal axis, is placed in an open housing parallel to the thermal sensor.
  • This rod has a sufficient length allowing its end 6 to be flush with the external surface 7 of the body of the machine before retraction of the thermal sensor.
  • the sheath 8 provides better guidance for the translational movement of the rod 3 in its housing.
  • a ring 13 made of elastomer for example is placed in the housing of the rod 3 at the end 6 of this rod to maintain and guide it in its movement and also seal the housing.
  • Figure 2 is a variant of the previous device according to another characteristic of the invention.
  • the thermal sensor 11 identical in shape to that described above, is here made of an alloy with shape memory educated to elongate when a critical temperature threshold is crossed.
  • the sensor is placed in the radial position in an open housing 12 made in the pyrotechnic materials of the craft.
  • One of the ends 5 of the sensor is secured to the body of the machine, the other end 6 coming flush with the external surface 7 of the body of the machine as long as the sensor retains its initial shape.
  • the dimensions of the housing 12 are chosen so as not to hinder the deformation by elongation undergone by the sensor, while keeping the latter close to the pyrotechnic materials 2.
  • the sealing ring 13 made of elastomer is positioned in the housing 12 at the end 6 of the sensor to maintain and guide the latter in its deformation and also seal the housing.
  • the two operating modes can be used equally on the same explosive device comprising in particular two thermal sensors 4 and 11, one operating above + 70 ° C. and the other below -40 ° C.
  • Explosive device 1 which can be a missile for example, equipped with at least one operating safety device according to the invention and stored on the battlefield for example, is subject to a significant positive or negative variation in temperature.
  • the end 5 of the sensor being fixed to the body of the machine, the retraction of the alloy causes the radial translation of the display element 3 in the direction of the arrow, by through the end 10 of the sensor attached to the end 9 of this element.
  • the display element constituted by the rod 3 is guided in its movement by the sheath 8 and the sealing ring 13.
  • the senor By using a simple memory effect alloy, the sensor then retains its new shape thus obtained whatever the subsequent temperature variations and, therefore the end 6 therefore remains protruding from the external surface of the body of the machine. .
  • the protruding end 6 thus constitutes a visual means of periodic or circumstantial control of the state of the machine.
  • This end also plays an active role by constituting a stop preventing, in the case of a projectile, the introduction of the latter into its launching or firing system.
  • the variation of the temperature of the pyrotechnic charge 2 and of the thermal sensor 11 in shape memory alloy beyond + 70 ° C or below -40 ° C results in an elongation of it.
  • the thermal sensor 11 which simultaneously plays both the role of detecting the crossing of a temperature threshold and of displaying the crossing of this threshold.
  • each projectile can be equipped with two embodiments thus described, in order to ensure operating safety both for temperature variations beyond + 70 ° C and for those below -40 ° C, using two different type memory heaters made from memory alloy, specially trained for this purpose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Testing Of Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a safety device for the operation of an explosive and/or propulsive vehicle (1) subject to a temperature variation, the said vehicle being of the type comprising pyrotechnic materials (2) and at least one means for driving in displacement an element (3) for displaying the state of the vehicle. The drive means comprises a thermal sensor (4) made of a form-memory alloy, placed in contact with or in the vicinity of the pyrotechnic materials and cooperating with the display element when a predetermined temperature threshold is exceeded. This device allows a periodic or circumstantial visual check of the state of explosive and/or propulsive vehicles, especially missiles, and an improvement in the operating safety and reliability of these. <IMAGE>

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des dispositifs destinés à améliorer la sécurité et la fiabilité de fonctionnement d'engins explosifs et/ou propulsifs, plus particulièrement applicables à ceux soumis à une variation de température.The technical sector of the present invention is that of devices intended to improve the safety and reliability of operation of explosive and / or propellant devices, more particularly applicable to those subjected to a temperature variation.

Dans le domaine de la pyrotechnie, les différents systèmes d'armes, munitions, projectiles et dispositifs pyrotechniques peuvent subir des variations importantes de type positif ou négatif lors du stockage, du transport ou de l'emploi opérationnel sur le champ de bataille par exemple.In the field of pyrotechnics, the various weapons systems, ammunition, projectiles and pyrotechnic devices can undergo significant variations of positive or negative type during storage, transport or operational employment on the battlefield for example.

Au-delà ou en deçà de certains seuils de température, il est bien connu que ces variations de températures entraînent généralement un changement d'état des chargements explosifs et/ou propulsifs des engins pyrotechniques, conduisant à une dégradation de la fiabilité et de la sécurité de fonctionnement de ces systèmes d'armes.Above or below certain temperature thresholds, it is well known that these temperature variations generally result in a change in the state of explosive and / or propellant charges of pyrotechnic devices, leading to a deterioration in reliability and safety. of operation of these weapon systems.

Pour répondre à ces préoccupations, il devient nécessaire de connaître leurs états et donc de détecter et de visualiser au niveau de la surface externe du corps de l'engin explosif et/ou propulsif, le franchissement des seuils de températures critiques pouvant altérer sa sécurité et son bon fonctionnement et même d'en interdire son utilisation ultérieure.To respond to these concerns, it becomes necessary to know their states and therefore to detect and visualize at the level of the external surface of the body of the explosive and / or propellant device, the crossing of critical temperature thresholds which could impair its safety and its proper functioning and even to prohibit its subsequent use.

Dans le domaine de l'armement on connaît le brevet FR 2563001 qui décrit un dispositif de neutralisation et de visualisation de la neutralisation pour le système d'amorçage d'un engin explosif tel qu'une mine. Ce dispositif comprend un moyen de commande unique constitué par un générateur de gaz agissant simultanément sur un élément de neutralisation du système d'amorçage et sur un élément de visualisation du fonctionnement de la neutralisation. Lorsqu'une mine posée sur le sol n'a pas explosé, le dispositif décrit ici permet la neutralisation définitive de son système d'amorçage et la visualisation indubitable de la stérilisation de l'engin afin de pouvoir le relever en toute sécurité.In the field of armaments, patent FR 2563001 is known, which describes a device for neutralizing and displaying neutralization for the initiation system of an explosive device such as a mine. This device comprises a single control means constituted by a gas generator acting simultaneously on a neutralization element of the priming system and on a visualization element of the operation of the neutralization. When a mine placed on the ground has not exploded, the device described here allows the final neutralization of its priming system and the unmistakable visualization of the sterilization of the machine in order to be able to raise it safely.

Ce brevet, dont le but essentiel est d'indiquer à l'extérieur de l'engin explosif la neutralisation de son système d'amorçage, ne permet pas de détecter et de visualiser des variations de températures pouvant entraîner un changement d'état des chargements explosifs et/ou propulsifs d'engins pyrotechniques.This patent, the main purpose of which is to indicate outside the explosive device the neutralization of its initiation system, does not allow detection and visualization temperature variations which can lead to a change in the state of explosive and / or propellant charges of pyrotechnic devices.

Dans le même domaine on connaît également le brevet FR 2628833 décrivant un dispositif pour le déconfinement d'une charge militaire contenant un explosif, lorsque celle-ci subit un échauffement résultant d'une agression accidentelle telle qu'un incendie pouvant intervenir lors de son stockage. Selon ce dispositif, l'organe de fermeture du corps de la charge est constitué de deux parties reliées par un alliage eutectique permettant la désolidarisation de ces deux parties, dès que la température de changement d'état de l'eutectique est atteinte. Juste avant l'utilisation de la charge militaire, une bague est amenée en rotation jusqu'à une position de maintien par l'action d'un organe d'indexage.In the same field, there is also known the patent FR 2628833 describing a device for the deconfinement of a military charge containing an explosive, when the latter undergoes heating resulting from an accidental attack such as a fire which may occur during its storage. . According to this device, the closure member of the body of the load consists of two parts connected by a eutectic alloy allowing the separation of these two parts, as soon as the temperature of change of state of the eutectic is reached. Just before the use of the military charge, a ring is brought into rotation to a holding position by the action of an indexing member.

Un tel dispositif utilisé pendant la phase de stockage, présente l'inconvénient d'entraîner obligatoirement la désolidarisation des deux parties et le déconfinement de la charge, alors que sur le champ de bataille par exemple une telle opération n'est pas forcément souhaitable.Such a device used during the storage phase, has the disadvantage of necessarily involving the separation of the two parts and the deconfinement of the load, while on the battlefield for example such an operation is not necessarily desirable.

Dans un autre domaine, on connaît le brevet FR 2650670 montrant un appareil de détection d'incendie ou de tout autre phénomène engendrant une élévation ou une baisse anormale de température par rapport à une référence fixée. Cet appareil comprend un élément thermo-sensible réalisé en un alliage à mémoire de forme dont la déformation, en fonction de la température, entraîne par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison mécanique un fléchissement d'une fibre optique transportant une onde lumineuse et produisant une atténuation du faisceau lumineux qui est captée par un photo-détecteur placé à l'extrémité de la fibre optique.In another field, the patent FR 2650670 is known, showing a device for detecting fire or any other phenomenon generating an abnormal rise or fall in temperature compared to a fixed reference. This device comprises a heat-sensitive element made of a shape memory alloy, the deformation of which, as a function of the temperature, causes, by means of a mechanical connection, a bending of an optical fiber transporting a light wave and producing a attenuation of the light beam which is captured by a photo-detector placed at the end of the optical fiber.

La transposition d'un tel appareil sur un engin explosif présenterait des inconvénients.The transposition of such a device on an explosive device would have drawbacks.

Notamment, l'élément thermo-sensible n'entraînant pas un déplacement physique de l'élément actif de visualisation, celui-ci ne pourrait interdire mécaniquement l'utilisation de l'engin.In particular, the heat-sensitive element not causing physical movement of the active display element, the latter could not mechanically prohibit the use of the machine.

Un autre inconvénient consisterait en la production du flux lumineux transporté par la fibre optique.Another disadvantage would consist in the production of the luminous flux transported by the optical fiber.

Par ailleurs, on connaît des alliages dits à mémoire de forme.Furthermore, so-called shape memory alloys are known.

L'effet de mémoire de forme consiste en la capacité que présentent certains matériaux de posséder deux formes différentes, une à plus basse température, une autre à plus haute température et de passer de l'une à l'autre forme de façon discrète et continue pour un seuil de température prédéfini.The shape memory effect consists of the ability of certain materials to have two different shapes, one at a lower temperature, another at a higher temperature and to switch from one shape to the other in a discrete and continuous manner. for a predefined temperature threshold.

Dans une certaine gamme de température, un échantillon d'un tel alliage peut subir une déformation de quelques pour cent (environ 5 %) et récupérer intégralement sa forme initiale par simple chauffage. Ce comportement, totalement différent de la dilatation thermique, dépend d'un changement de phase cristalline qui peut être réversible ou non.Within a certain temperature range, a sample of such an alloy can undergo a deformation of a few percent (about 5%) and recover its initial shape entirely by simple heating. This behavior, totally different from thermal expansion, depends on a change in crystalline phase which may or may not be reversible.

En résumé la propriété essentielle des alliages à mémoire de forme réside dans le fait de pouvoir garder en mémoire deux formes stables. Ils passent de l'une à l'autre de ces formes, définies par construction par l'utilisateur, par simple changement de température au-delà et en deçà d'une certaine valeur critique définie par les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l'alliage.In summary, the essential property of shape memory alloys lies in the fact that two stable shapes can be kept in memory. They pass from one to the other of these forms, defined by construction by the user, by simple change of temperature beyond and below a certain critical value defined by the physico-chemical characteristics of the alloy .

A partir de son changement de forme il est possible d'obtenir un mouvement mécanique.From its change of shape it is possible to obtain a mechanical movement.

Selon les options choisies, la mémoire de forme se présente sous deux aspects différents : l'effet de mémoire simple et l'effet de mémoire à double sens ou réversible.Depending on the options chosen, shape memory comes in two different aspects: the simple memory effect and the two-way or reversible memory effect.

Un alliage à effet de mémoire simple retrouve sa forme initiale par réchauffage au-dessus du seuil de température prédéfini.A simple memory effect alloy regains its initial shape by reheating above the predefined temperature threshold.

Concernant l'effet de mémoire réversible, après certains traitements thermomécaniques spéciaux de l'alliage appelés éducations, un changement de forme est également observé lors d'un refroidissement en-dessous du seuil de température critique. Il existe divers traitements d'éducation permettant un effet de mémoire réversible pouvant se répéter lors de cycles successifs.Regarding the reversible memory effect, after certain special thermomechanical treatments of the alloy called educations, a change in shape is also observed during cooling below the critical temperature threshold. There are various educational treatments allowing a reversible memory effect that can be repeated in successive cycles.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients rappelés précédemment en proposant un dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement pour engin explosif et/ou propulsif qui, soumis à une variation de température, est capable de détecter et de visualiser au niveau de la surface externe du corps de l'engin, le franchissement de seuils de températures critiques au-delà ou en deçà desquels peut se produire un changement d'état des chargements explosifs et/ou propulsifs entraînant une altération ou dégradation de la sécurité et du bon fonctionnement de l'engin.The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing an operating safety device for an explosive and / or propellant device which, subject to a temperature variation, is capable of detecting and visualizing at the level of the external surface. of the body of the device, the crossing of critical temperature thresholds above or below which a change of state of the explosive and / or propellant charges can occur, leading to an alteration or degradation of the safety and proper functioning of the 'contraption.

L'invention a également pour but d'interdire l'utilisation ultérieure d'un engin explosif et/ou propulsif ayant subi une telle variation de température, en faisant jouer un rôle actif à l'élément de visualisation, sans pour cela déconfiner la charge de l'engin ou même désolidariser les parties constitutives de celui-ci.The object of the invention is also to prohibit the subsequent use of an explosive and / or propellant device having undergone such a temperature variation, by making the display element play an active role, without thereby deconfining the charge. of the machine or even separate the constituent parts of it.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de permettre un contrôle visuel périodique ou circonstanciel de l'état de l'engin, directement au niveau de la surface externe du corps de ce dernier.Another object of the present invention is to allow periodic or circumstantial visual control of the state of the machine, directly at the external surface of the body of the latter.

Pour ce fait, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement pour engin explosif et/ou propulsif soumis à une variation de température, du type comportant des matières pyrotechniques et au moins un moyen d'entraînement en déplacement d'un élément de visualisation de l'état de l'engin, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'entraînement comprend un capteur thermique en alliage à mémoire de forme placé au contact ou au voisinage des matières pyrotechniques, et coopérant avec l'élément de visualisation lorsqu'un seuil de température prédéterminé est franchi.To this end, the subject of the invention is an operating safety device for an explosive and / or propellant device subjected to a temperature variation, of the type comprising pyrotechnic materials and at least one means for driving the displacement of an element. for displaying the state of the machine, characterized in that the drive means comprises a thermal memory alloy made of shape memory alloy placed in contact with or in the vicinity of pyrotechnic materials, and cooperating with the display element when a predetermined temperature threshold is crossed.

De préférence, l'alliage à mémoire de forme utilisé pour la réalisation du capteur thermique possède un effet de mémoire simple entraînant une déformation négative ou positive du capteur, après franchissement d'un seuil de température critique pour lequel la sécurité ou la fiabilité de l'engin explosif et/ou propulsif est dégradée ou n'est plus assurée.Preferably, the shape memory alloy used for producing the thermal sensor has a simple memory effect causing negative or positive deformation of the sensor, after crossing a critical temperature threshold for which the safety or reliability of the The explosive and / or propellant device is degraded or no longer insured.

Le capteur thermique peut être constitué par une barrette dont l'une de ses extrémités est solidarisée avec le corps de l'engin, la déformation négative ou positive du capteur entraînant un déplacement de l'élément de visualisation et le positionnement en saillie de l'extrémité de cet élément à la surface externe du corps de l'engin.The thermal sensor can consist of a bar, one of its ends of which is secured to the body of the vehicle, the negative or positive deformation of the sensor resulting in a displacement of the display element and the projecting positioning of the end of this element on the external surface of the body of the vehicle.

De préférence, le capteur thermique est placé au contact ou au voisinage des matières pyrotechniques dans une position radiale, l'élément de visualisation étant entraîné dans un déplacement radial par la déformation négative ou positive du capteur.Preferably, the thermal sensor is placed in contact with or in the vicinity of the pyrotechnic materials in a radial position, the display element being driven in a radial displacement by the negative or positive deformation of the sensor.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'élément de visualisation est constitué par une tige mobile guidée en translation par un fourreau dans un logement ouvert parallèlement au capteur thermique du type se rétractant pour un seuil de température prédéterminé en entraînant simultanément le déplacement de la tige dont l'une de ses extrémités est fixée à l'extrémité mobile du capteur.According to a preferred embodiment, the display element consists of a movable rod guided in translation by a sheath in an open housing parallel to the thermal sensor of the type retracting for a predetermined temperature threshold by simultaneously causing the displacement of the rod one of its ends is fixed to the mobile end of the sensor.

Selon un second mode de réalisation, l'élément de visualisation est constitué par un capteur thermique placé dans un logement ouvert pratiqué dans les matières pyrotechniques, le franchissement d'un seuil de température prédéterminé entraînant l'allongement du capteur.According to a second embodiment, the display element consists of a thermal sensor placed in an open housing made in pyrotechnic materials, the crossing of a predetermined temperature threshold causing the elongation of the sensor.

De préférence, l'élément de visualisation est maintenu dans son logement et guidé dans son déplacement par une bague d'étanchéité réalisée en élastomère.Preferably, the display element is held in its housing and guided in its movement by a sealing ring made of elastomer.

De préférence, les seuils de température sont d'environ +70° C ou de -40° C.Preferably, the temperature thresholds are around + 70 ° C or -40 ° C.

Selon une variante de réalisation, le dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement comporte deux capteurs thermiques, le premier entraînant en déplacement l'élément de visualisation pour les températures supérieures à +70° C et le second pour les températures inférieures à -40° C.According to an alternative embodiment, the operating safety device comprises two thermal sensors, the first driving the display element in displacement for temperatures above + 70 ° C and the second for temperatures below -40 ° C.

Ce dispositif présente l'avantage de comporter un capteur thermique très précis ayant deux fonctions simultanées, l'une détectant les seuils de température critique et l'autre entraînant en déplacement l'élément de visualisation.This device has the advantage of comprising a very precise thermal sensor having two simultaneous functions, one detecting the critical temperature thresholds and the other causing the display element to move.

Un autre avantage est que ce dispositif autonome, ne nécessite pour son fonctionnement, la présence d'aucune source d'énergie interne ou externe à l'engin explosif.Another advantage is that this autonomous device does not require for its operation the presence of any source of energy internal or external to the explosive device.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description détaillée, non limitative, de deux modes de réalisation de l'invention.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear in the detailed, nonlimiting description of two embodiments of the invention.

Cette description sera faite en regard des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un engin explosif et/ou propulsif équipé du dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon l'invention, en version rétraction correspondant au premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est la même représentation que la figure 1 selon le second mode de réalisation, variante correspondant à la version allongement.
This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings among which:
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a view in longitudinal section of an explosive and / or propellant device equipped with the operating safety device according to the invention, in the retraction version corresponding to the first embodiment,
  • Figure 2 is the same representation as Figure 1 according to the second embodiment, variant corresponding to the extension version.

En référence à la figure 1, on voit un engin explosif 1 constitué par un projectile tel qu'un missile par exemple, de forme cylindrique comportant des matières pyrotechniques 2 au contact ou au voisinage desquelles est placé en position radiale, un capteur thermique 4 réalisé en un alliage à mémoire de forme éduqué pour changer de forme par rétraction lorsqu'un seuil de température prédéterminé est franchi.Referring to Figure 1, we see an explosive device 1 consisting of a projectile such as a missile for example, of cylindrical shape comprising pyrotechnic materials 2 in contact or in the vicinity of which is placed in a radial position, a thermal sensor 4 produced an educated shape memory alloy to change shape by shrinking when a predetermined temperature threshold is crossed.

Le capteur thermique 4 est constitué par une barrette dont l'une de ses extrémités 5 est solidarisée avec le corps du missile par tout moyen connu rivet par exemple, l'autre extrémité 10 étant fixée également de manière connue avec l'une des extrémités 9 de la tige 3 qui constitue l'élément de visualisation.The thermal sensor 4 consists of a bar, one of its ends 5 of which is secured to the body of the missile by any known means, for example a rivet, the other end 10 also being fixed in a known manner with one of the ends 9 of the rod 3 which constitutes the display element.

La barrette utilisée est un parallélépipède ayant approximativement les dimensions suivantes exprimées en millimètres : 150 x 8 x 1.The bar used is a parallelepiped having approximately the following dimensions expressed in millimeters: 150 x 8 x 1.

La tige 3 mobile en translation selon son axe longitudinal, est placée dans un logement ouvert parallèlement au capteur thermique. Cette tige possède une longueur suffisante permettant à son extrémité 6 d'affleurer à la surface externe 7 du corps de l'engin avant rétraction du capteur thermique. Le fourreau 8 assure un meilleur guidage du déplacement en translation de la tige 3 dans son logement.The rod 3 movable in translation along its longitudinal axis, is placed in an open housing parallel to the thermal sensor. This rod has a sufficient length allowing its end 6 to be flush with the external surface 7 of the body of the machine before retraction of the thermal sensor. The sheath 8 provides better guidance for the translational movement of the rod 3 in its housing.

Une bague 13 réalisée en élastomère par exemple est placée dans le logement de la tige 3 au niveau de l'extrémité 6 de cette tige pour maintenir et guider celle-ci dans son déplacement et assurer également l'étanchéité du logement.A ring 13 made of elastomer for example is placed in the housing of the rod 3 at the end 6 of this rod to maintain and guide it in its movement and also seal the housing.

La figure 2 est une variante du dispositif précédent selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention.Figure 2 is a variant of the previous device according to another characteristic of the invention.

Le capteur thermique 11, de forme identique à celui décrit précédemment, est ici réalisé en un alliage à mémoire de forme éduqué pour s'allonger lorsqu'un seuil de température critique est franchi.The thermal sensor 11, identical in shape to that described above, is here made of an alloy with shape memory educated to elongate when a critical temperature threshold is crossed.

Le capteur est placé en position radiale dans un logement ouvert 12 pratiqué dans les matières pyrotechniques de l'engin. L'une des extrémités 5 du capteur est solidarisée avec le corps de l'engin, l'autre extrémité 6 venant affleurer à la surface externe 7 du corps de l'engin tant que le capteur conserve sa forme initiale.The sensor is placed in the radial position in an open housing 12 made in the pyrotechnic materials of the craft. One of the ends 5 of the sensor is secured to the body of the machine, the other end 6 coming flush with the external surface 7 of the body of the machine as long as the sensor retains its initial shape.

Les dimensions du logement 12 sont choisies pour ne pas gêner la déformation par allongement subie par le capteur, tout en conservant ce dernier à proximité des matières pyrotechniques 2.The dimensions of the housing 12 are chosen so as not to hinder the deformation by elongation undergone by the sensor, while keeping the latter close to the pyrotechnic materials 2.

La bague d'étanchéité 13 réalisée en élastomère est positionnée dans le logement 12 au niveau de l'extrémité 6 du capteur pour maintenir et guider celui-ci dans sa déformation et assurer également l'étanchéité du logement.The sealing ring 13 made of elastomer is positioned in the housing 12 at the end 6 of the sensor to maintain and guide the latter in its deformation and also seal the housing.

Selon une variante de réalisation non représentée, les deux modes de fonctionnement (version rétraction et version allongement) peuvent être utilisés indifféremment sur un même engin explosif comportant notamment deux capteurs thermiques 4 et 11, l'un opérant au-delà de +70° C et l'autre en deçà de -40° C.According to a variant embodiment not shown, the two operating modes (retraction version and extension version) can be used equally on the same explosive device comprising in particular two thermal sensors 4 and 11, one operating above + 70 ° C. and the other below -40 ° C.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif est le suivant :
   L'engin explosif 1, qui peut être un missile par exemple, équipé d'au moins un dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon l'invention et stocké sur le champ de bataille par exemple, se trouve soumis à une variation positive ou négative importante de température.The operation of the device is as follows:
Explosive device 1, which can be a missile for example, equipped with at least one operating safety device according to the invention and stored on the battlefield for example, is subject to a significant positive or negative variation in temperature.

Lorsque la température des matières pyrotechniques 2 et du capteur thermique 4 placé à son contact ou voisinage franchit un seuil de +70° C ou de -40° C, le capteur en alliage à mémoire de forme réagit.When the temperature of the pyrotechnic materials 2 and of the thermal sensor 4 placed in contact with it or in the vicinity crosses a threshold of + 70 ° C or of -40 ° C, the sensor in alloy with shape memory reacts.

Selon la version rétraction illustrée par la figure 1, l'extrémité 5 du capteur étant fixée au corps de l'engin, la rétraction de l'alliage entraîne la translation radiale de l'élément de visualisation 3 suivant le sens de la flèche, par l'intermédiaire de l'extrémité 10 du capteur fixée à l'extrémité 9 de cet élément. L'élément de visualisation constitué par la tige 3 est guidé dans son déplacement par le fourreau 8 et la bague d'étanchéité 13.According to the retraction version illustrated in FIG. 1, the end 5 of the sensor being fixed to the body of the machine, the retraction of the alloy causes the radial translation of the display element 3 in the direction of the arrow, by through the end 10 of the sensor attached to the end 9 of this element. The display element constituted by the rod 3 is guided in its movement by the sheath 8 and the sealing ring 13.

Après rétraction de l'alliage, l'extrémité 6 de la tige 3 fait saillie à la surface externe 7 du corps de l'engin et devient donc visible à l'extérieur de ce dernier.After retraction of the alloy, the end 6 of the rod 3 protrudes from the external surface 7 of the body of the machine and therefore becomes visible outside of the latter.

En utilisant un alliage à effet de mémoire simple, le capteur conserve ensuite sa nouvelle forme ainsi obtenue quelles que soient les variations de température ultérieures et, de ce fait l'extrémité 6 reste donc en saillie à la surface externe du corps de l'engin.By using a simple memory effect alloy, the sensor then retains its new shape thus obtained whatever the subsequent temperature variations and, therefore the end 6 therefore remains protruding from the external surface of the body of the machine. .

L'extrémité 6 en saillie constitue ainsi un moyen visuel de contrôle périodique ou circonstanciel de l'état de l'engin.The protruding end 6 thus constitutes a visual means of periodic or circumstantial control of the state of the machine.

Cette extrémité joue également un rôle actif en constituant une butée interdisant, dans le cas d'un projectile, l'introduction de celui-ci dans son système de lancement ou de tir.This end also plays an active role by constituting a stop preventing, in the case of a projectile, the introduction of the latter into its launching or firing system.

Selon la version allongement illustrée par la figure 2, la variation de la température de la charge pyrotechnique 2 et du capteur thermique 11 en alliage à mémoire de forme au-delà de +70° C ou en deçà de -40° C entraîne un allongement de celui-ci.According to the elongation version illustrated in FIG. 2, the variation of the temperature of the pyrotechnic charge 2 and of the thermal sensor 11 in shape memory alloy beyond + 70 ° C or below -40 ° C results in an elongation of it.

L'allongement du capteur thermique 11, placé dans un logement ouvert 12 et ayant son extrémité 5 fixée au corps de l'engin, positionne l'extrémité 6 du capteur en saillie à la surface externe 7 du cops de l'engin.The elongation of the thermal sensor 11, placed in an open housing 12 and having its end 5 fixed to the body of the machine, positions the end 6 of the sensor projecting from the external surface 7 of the body of the machine.

Selon cette variante, c'est donc le capteur thermique 11 qui joue simultanément à la fois le rôle de détection de franchissement d'un seuil de température et de visualisation du franchissement de ce seuil.According to this variant, it is therefore the thermal sensor 11 which simultaneously plays both the role of detecting the crossing of a temperature threshold and of displaying the crossing of this threshold.

De la même façon que décrit précédemment, dans ce cas, c'est directement l'extrémité 6 du capteur thermique 11 qui constitue une butée interdisant l'usage ultérieur d'un projectile ainsi équipé, ainsi qu'un moyen visuel de contrôle périodique ou circonstanciel de l'état du projectile.In the same way as described above, in this case, it is directly the end 6 of the thermal sensor 11 which constitutes a stop preventing the subsequent use of a projectile thus equipped, as well as a visual means of periodic or circumstantial control of the state of the projectile.

Avantageusement on peut équiper chaque projectile de deux modes de réalisation ainsi décrits, afin d'assurer une sécurité de fonctionnement aussi bien pour les variations de température au-delà de +70° C que pour celles en deçà de -40° C, en utilisant deux capteurs thermiques en alliage à mémoire de forme de type différent, éduqués à cet effet.Advantageously, each projectile can be equipped with two embodiments thus described, in order to ensure operating safety both for temperature variations beyond + 70 ° C and for those below -40 ° C, using two different type memory heaters made from memory alloy, specially trained for this purpose.

On notera que l'invention telle qu'elle est décrite ci-dessus reste applicable à la détection et à la visualisation du franchissement de seuils de températures critiques, quelle que soit la valeur de ces seuils.It will be noted that the invention as described above remains applicable to the detection and visualization of the crossing of critical temperature thresholds, whatever the value of these thresholds.

Claims (9)

1 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement pour engin explosif et/ou propulsif (1) soumis à une variation de température, engin du type comportant des matières pyrotechniques (2) et au moins un moyen d'entraînement en déplacement d'un élément de visualisation (3) de l'état de l'engin, caractérisé en ce que le moyen d'entraînement comprend un capteur thermique (4, 11) en alliage à mémoire de forme placé au contact ou au voisinage des matières pyrotechniques, et coopérant avec l'élément de visualisation (3) lorsqu'un seuil de température prédéterminé est franchi. 1 - Operating safety device for explosive and / or propellant device (1) subjected to a temperature variation, device of the type comprising pyrotechnic materials (2) and at least one means for driving the displacement of a display element (3) of the state of the machine, characterized in that the drive means comprises a thermal sensor (4, 11) in shape memory alloy placed in contact with or in the vicinity of pyrotechnic materials, and cooperating with the 'display element (3) when a predetermined temperature threshold is crossed. 2 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage à mémoire de forme utilisé pour la réalisation du capteur thermique (4,11) possède un effet de mémoire simple entraînant une déformation négative ou positive du capteur, après franchissement d'un seuil de température critique pour lequel la sécurité ou la fiabilité de l'engin explosif et/ou propulsif est dégradée ou n'est plus assurée. 2 - operating safety device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape memory alloy used for the production of the thermal sensor (4,11) has a simple memory effect resulting in negative or positive deformation of the sensor, after crossing a critical temperature threshold for which the safety or reliability of the explosive and / or propellant device is degraded or no longer ensured. 3 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur thermique (4, 11) est constitué par une barrette dont l'une de ses extrémités (5) est solidarisée avec le corps de l'engin, la déformation négative ou positive du capteur entraînant un déplacement de l'élément de visualisation et le positionnement en saillie de l'extrémité (6) de cet élément à la surface externe (7) du corps de l'engin. 3 - operating safety device according to claim 2, characterized in that the thermal sensor (4, 11) is constituted by a bar, one of its ends (5) is secured to the body of the machine, the negative or positive deformation of the sensor causing a displacement of the display element and the projecting positioning of the end (6) of this element to the external surface (7) of the body of the machine. 4 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le capteur thermique (4, 11) est placé au contact ou au voisinage des matières pyrotechniques (2) dans une position radiale, l'élément de visualisation (3) étant entraîné dans un déplacement radial par la déformation négative ou positive du capteur. 4 - Operating safety device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal sensor (4, 11) is placed in contact with or in the vicinity of the pyrotechnic materials (2) in a radial position, the display element (3) being driven in a radial displacement by the negative or positive deformation of the sensor. 5 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de visualisation est constitué par une tige mobile (3) guidée en translation par un fourreau (8) dans un logement ouvert parallèlement au capteur thermique du type se rétractant pour un seuil de température prédéterminé en entraînant simultanément le déplacement de la tige (8) dont l'une de ses extrémités (9) est fixée à l'extrémité mobile (10) du capteur. 5 - Operating safety device according to claim 4, characterized in that the element display consists of a movable rod (3) guided in translation by a sheath (8) in an open housing parallel to the thermal sensor of the type retracting for a predetermined temperature threshold while simultaneously causing the displacement of the rod (8) one of its ends (9) is fixed to the movable end (10) of the sensor. 6 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de visualisation est constitué par un capteur thermique (11) placé dans un logement ouvert (12) pratiqué dans les matières pyrotechniques (2), le franchissement d'un seuil de température prédéterminé entraînant l'allongement du capteur. 6 - Operating safety device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the display element consists of a thermal sensor (11) placed in an open housing (12) made in pyrotechnic materials (2), the crossing of a predetermined temperature threshold causing the elongation of the sensor. 7 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de visualisation (3,11) est maintenu dans son logement et guidé dans son déplacement par une bague d'étanchéité (13) réalisée en élastomère. 7 - Operating safety device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the display element (3,11) is held in its housing and guided in its movement by a sealing ring (13 ) made of elastomer. 8 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les seuils de température sont d'environ +70° C ou de -40° C. 8 - Functional safety device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature thresholds are approximately + 70 ° C or -40 ° C. 9 - Dispositif de sécurité de fonctionnement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux capteurs thermiques (4, 11), le premier (4) entraînant en déplacement l'élément de visualisation pour les températures supérieures à +70° C et le second (11) pour les températures inférieures à -40° C. 9 - operating safety device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises two thermal sensors (4, 11), the first (4) driving in displacement the display element for the temperatures above + 70 ° C and the second (11) for temperatures below -40 ° C.
EP19920402933 1991-10-31 1992-10-29 Safety device for the operation of explosive or propulsive charges which are subjected to a temperature variation Expired - Lifetime EP0540418B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113443 1991-10-31
FR9113443A FR2683312B1 (en) 1991-10-31 1991-10-31 OPERATING SAFETY DEVICE FOR EXPLOSIVE AND / OR PROPELLANT DEVICE SUBJECT TO A TEMPERATURE VARIATION.

Publications (2)

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EP0540418A1 true EP0540418A1 (en) 1993-05-05
EP0540418B1 EP0540418B1 (en) 1995-05-17

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DE (1) DE69202546T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2074849T3 (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002003019A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2002-01-10 Saab Ab Method and arrangement for preventing encased explosives being caused to explode by an external fire

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2563001A1 (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-10-18 France Etat Armement Device for neutralisation and for display of the neutralisation of a priming system
FR2650670A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-02-08 Fiori Costantino System for detecting a fire or any other phenomenon generating an abnormal rise or fall in temperature with respect to a fixed reference
US5035181A (en) * 1985-01-22 1991-07-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermosensitive pop-out device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2563001A1 (en) * 1984-04-16 1985-10-18 France Etat Armement Device for neutralisation and for display of the neutralisation of a priming system
US5035181A (en) * 1985-01-22 1991-07-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thermosensitive pop-out device
FR2650670A1 (en) * 1989-08-02 1991-02-08 Fiori Costantino System for detecting a fire or any other phenomenon generating an abnormal rise or fall in temperature with respect to a fixed reference

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002003019A1 (en) * 2000-07-03 2002-01-10 Saab Ab Method and arrangement for preventing encased explosives being caused to explode by an external fire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2074849T3 (en) 1995-09-16
FR2683312A1 (en) 1993-05-07
DE69202546T2 (en) 1996-02-29
EP0540418B1 (en) 1995-05-17
FR2683312B1 (en) 1994-01-28
DE69202546D1 (en) 1995-06-22

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